英语语法虚拟语气和非谓语动词共59页文档
非谓语动词和虚拟语气
非谓语动词语法讲解 一、非谓语动词的概念 非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定 式:to do 2、动词的 ing : doing 3、 动 词的过去分词:done 二、三种形式的含义(基本用法) 不定式:表示目的和将来; 动词的 ing:表示主动和进行; 过去分词:表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态 一般 式 to do 完成式 进行式不 定 式 ing 形主 动 被 动 主 动to have to be done doing to be to have done been done doing having done式 过 去 分 词被 动 被 动being done donehaving been done四、非谓语动词的否定形式 在非谓语动词前加 not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing 五、非谓语动词的复合结构 不定式的复合结构:for / of sb. to do sth. 动词 ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所 有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,用的所有 格+doing) 六、非谓语动词的做题步骤 1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法:看 看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法: 非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法:非谓语动 词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法:分析句子, 看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语 动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用 to do; 同时常用 doing. 学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一 起来比较学习,会更加有效一些。
一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较 1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语 a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词 ing 常表示一般的、 泛指的或习惯性的 动作。
如: ________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A. The walk B. Walking C. TowalkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的 行为,用动名词作主语,选 B b. 不定式作主语时,常用 it 作形式主 语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth. It’s important for us to learn English well. It’s kind of you to help us. 注意:下面几个句型是用动名词: It’s no good / use doing sth. It’s useless doing sth. There is no need to do sth. 2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比 较 1、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语 的内容。
非谓语动词及虚拟语气
非谓语动词
不定式 非谓语动词 动名词 分 词 现在分词 过去分词
非谓语动词可充当的成分
He works hard to catch up with his brothers. Doing morning exercises is good for us. A falling leaf a fallen leaf The film gets more and more exciting. We were excited about the news. Hearing a knock on the door, he went to open it. Moved by his performance, the audience applauded for half an hour.
• The little girl practices to play the piano every day. The little girl practices playing the piano every day. • Do you mind me to smoke here? Do you mind my smoking here? • Jean doesn’t feel like to clean the house. Jean doesn’t feel like cleaning the house.
can do nothing but do…
can not do anything but do…(只能做) 3)在情态动词如:had better, would rather… than之后不用to, 动词help后,to 可带可不带。
• You’d better B the water until it has been boiled. • A. not to drink B. not drink • C. not drunk D. not drinking • I prefer to go to the beach rather than C at home. • A. to stay B. staying • C. stay D. have stayed
语法实用指南虚拟语气的情态动词与非谓语动词
语法实用指南虚拟语气的情态动词与非谓语动词虚拟语气是英语语法中重要的一部分,它用于表达假设、愿望、建议、命令等含义。
具体而言,虚拟语气通常由情态动词和非谓语动词来表示。
本文将为你提供一个语法实用指南,详细介绍虚拟语气的情态动词和非谓语动词的用法。
一、虚拟语气的情态动词1. 用于表示假设的情态动词情态动词"should"和"wish"可用于表达假设。
例如:- If I were you, I should make a decision as soon as possible.(虚拟条件句假设)- I wish I could speak fluent French.(对现在状态的希望)2. 用于表示愿望的情态动词情态动词"would"和"wish"还可用于表达愿望。
例如:- I would like to travel around the world.(对未来的愿望)- I wish you would stop making noise.(对现在的愿望)3. 用于表示建议的情态动词情态动词"should"和"wish"也可用于表示建议。
例如:- You should take a rest if you feel tired.(对现在状态的建议)- I wish you would listen to me.(对现在的建议)4. 用于表示命令的情态动词情态动词"would"可用于表示命令,语气委婉。
例如:- Would you please close the door?(对现在状态的命令)二、虚拟语气的非谓语动词1. 用于表示目的的非谓语动词不定式"to" + 动词原形可用于表示目的。
例如:- He bought a book to learn English.(目的)- She returned early to catch the train.(目的)2. 用于表示条件的非谓语动词不定式的"if"从句可用于表示条件。
(word完整版)高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结,推荐文档
①错综时间条件句:当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。
如:If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.②i f省略句在条件句中可以省略if,把were, had, should提到句首,变成倒装句式。
如:If I were at school again, I would study harder. T Were I at school aga in, I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力学习。
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.T Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.如果你来得早点,你就能赶上公共汽车。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climb ing.T Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话,我们就不能登山去了。
③用介词代替条件状语从句常用的介词有with, without, but for。
如:What would you do with a million dollars ? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元,你会做什么?We couldn 't have finished the work ahead of time without your help . (=if we hadn 'tgot your help)没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
非谓语动词和虚拟语气
一、I wish后的宾语从句动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时;若表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词;若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,用would (could)+动词原形。
如:I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。
I wish the train would come. 我希望火车会来。
二、表示“坚持”后的宾语从句主要是指insist的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
如:I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
注意:动词insist后接宾语从句时,除可用虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气,两者的区别是:若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。
比较:He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
三、表示“命令”后的宾语从句主要是指order, command的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。
如:He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
四、表示“建议”后的宾语从句主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句,从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成,其中的sho uld在美国英语中通常可以省略。
非谓语动和虚拟语气用法总结
非谓语动词1. 非谓语动词的种类不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词(v-ed)2. 非谓语动词的功能1.不定式相当于名词、形容词或副词的功能。
2.动名词相当于名词或形容词的功能。
3.现在分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。
4.过去分词相当于形容词或副词的功能。
3. 与被修饰词的关系1)不定式与被修饰词可能是主谓关系,也可能是动宾关系。
2)V-ing 与被修饰词是主动关系3)过去分词与被修饰词是被动关系4. 动作发生的时间关系1)不定式可以表示发生在主句谓语动词动作之后的动作。
(将来)2)现在分词可以表示与谓语动词动作同时发生或正在发生的动作。
(进行)3)过去分词可以表示在谓语动词动作之前的动作或永久性的动作。
(完成)解题方法总结解答考查非谓语动词的题目时,一定要保持头脑冷静。
要遵循以下解题思路:①解析句子结构,确定设空在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);②找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);③搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当的时态形式;④将该选项置入空中,看是否能够做到字从意顺、或是否能传达有效信息、完成交际任务。
常用能接动名词的动词:admit, appreciate, avoid, advise, can’t help, celebrate, consider, complete, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mention, mind, miss, pardon, permit, practice, prevent, resist, risk, stop, suggest, understand, allow 等。
常见的短语动词有:leave off, put off, give up, can't help, can’t stand, feel like, insist on, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from), keep…from, stop…(from), protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in 等。
虚拟语气与非谓语动词
非谓语动词做独立主格 相当于状语从句
• On one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving.(伴随状语) 记得在一次沙滩聚会上,发生了一场殴 斗,人人挥拳上阵,相互推撞。
非谓语动词用于充当 状语从句
非谓语动词用于充当 状语从句
• __ (give) a wrong address, he couldn’t find his friend’s house. (表 完成) • __ (give) me another chance, I will do a very good job. (表将来)
●
虚拟语气用于其他从句
●It’s
(about / high )time that something was done about the pollution. ●I would rather that you didn’t ask me to speak.
非谓语动词的要点知识
• 非谓语动词顾名思义就是不能充当谓语 的动词. • 非谓语动词有3种形式:
非谓语动词用于充当 状语从句
• __ (turn) to the left, he saw a new building. • __ (see) it was raining, he put on his raincoat. • __(walk) into the office, he found the teachers having a meeting.
非谓语动词做独立主格 相当于状语从句
• The meeting __ (be) over, we all left the room. (when/after) • The weather __ (be) fine, they’d like to go outside.(if) • The work __ (finish), we stopped to have some drink.( when/ because) • The building __ (complete), the students can move into the new classrooms.(bec board has given the instructions that the agent fly to Tokyo. • My suggestion is that she not do it alone. • The proposal that he make a speech is accepted.
(word完整版)英语虚拟语气语法归纳总结,文档
(word完满版)英语虚假语气语法归纳总结,文档虚假语气 :表示说的话不是事实,不可以能发生也许说可能性很小的情况,表达一种梦想、建议、假设。
一、条件状语从句中的用法从句谓语形式主句谓语形式现在were/ did would/could/should(+not)+ do过去had donewould/could/should/might(not)+ have done将来 1.were/did would/could/should/might2.should do(not)3.were to do+ do简单记法:if were/did, would doif had done, would have doneif were to do/should do, would do举例:If I were you, I would do nothing about it.If you had taken your teacher’ s advice, you wouldn’ t have made such a mistake.If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低 ),they wouldn’ t go shopping.附注:虚假语气,条件状从倒装状语从句中,去掉if,提前were/ had/ should如: If I were you, I would give up.→Were I you, I would give upIf you had taken the advice, you would have .→ Had you taken the advice, you would haveIf the world should come to an end,→ Should the world come to an end别的, without, but for, otherwise 构成的条件状语从句中,也有委宛的虚假语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及, publicity 宣传 )Without your help, I would have failed.We’ ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’〔tget表示a可seat能性.小〕但其实,高中英语考试也常考:错综虚假语气条件句即:假设条件状从发生的时间与所假设的谓语动词不一致,此时,主句和从句要依照各自的时间而定。
英语专业四级词汇语法辅导-虚拟语气、非谓语动词
It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式,即动词要用过去式。
虚拟语气的几个句型
添加标题
if it were not for…与现在事实相反, if it had not been for与过去事实相反,两个都相当于but for:
虚拟语气的几个句型
whether it (he) be …or…意为“不管(不论)是……还是……”,表示让步,为虚拟语气的一种表示方法,其省略结构为be it…or…, be he…or等,必须用倒装。例如:
Be he what he may, he should obey the rules.
虚拟语气的几个句型
虚拟语气的几个句型
添加标题
添加标题
添加标题
虚拟语气的几个句型
would rather +
动词过去式(与现在或将来事实相反) had + 过去分词(与过去事实相反)
do… (than do…) 宁愿…(而不…) sb. +
虚拟语气的几个句型
had hoped/thought引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为would+动词原形,表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.
虚拟语气常用句型
虚拟语气常用句型
NOTE: 当suggest意为“暗示”,insist意为“坚持认为(一个事实)”时,其后的宾语从句中不用虚拟语气。例如: Her face suggested (暗示) that she was ill. So I suggested (建议) that she (should) be sent to the hospital immediately. He insisted that he was right. 她坚持认为自己是对的。
英语非谓语动词虚拟语气
英语非谓语动词和虚拟语气详讲第一讲非谓语动词详讲在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
不定式:一、不定式的作用1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。
往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
如:It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。
试比较:It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错)To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)(3)It is+ adj.+ of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式。
如:He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等(2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。
如:I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。
(完整word版)高中英语语法虚拟语气(word文档良心出品)
虚拟语气看句子,寻规律If I were you, I would not go.我要是你,我就不会去。
If I were in school again, I would work harder.如果我能再上一次学,我会更加努力。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假如你当时听了我的话,你现在就会好多了。
虚拟语气是什么?虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
判断依据:与事实相反或不大可能会发生一、If引导的虚拟语气辨别:if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别If he has time, he will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.怎么用?1、表示与现在事实相反的情况:从句:If+主语+过去时(Be动词用were)主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+动词原形If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。
(事实:地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句:If+主语+had + done主句:主语+should/would/might/could + have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。
(事实:去晚了)3、表示对将来情况的主观推测从句:①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should + do③if+主语+过去式(be动词用were)主句:主语+should/would/might/could + doIf she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。
英语语法虚拟语气和非谓语动词PPT文档共59页
21、要知道对好事的称颂过于夸大,也会招来人们的反感轻蔑和嫉妒。——培根 22、业精于勤,荒于嬉;行成于思,毁于随。——韩愈
23、一切节省,归根到底都归结为时间的节省。——马克思 24、意志命运往往背道而驰,决心到最后会全部推倒。——莎士比亚
1、不要轻言放弃,否则对不起自己。
2、要冒一次险!整个生命就是一场冒险。走得最远的人,常是愿意 去做,并愿意去冒险的人。“稳妥”之船,从未能从岸边走远。-戴尔.卡耐基。
梦 境
3、人生就像一杯没有加糖的咖啡,喝起来是苦涩的,回味起来却有 久久不会退去的余香。
英语语法虚拟语气和非谓语动词 4、守业的最好办法就是不断的发展。 5、当爱不能完美,我宁愿选择无悔,不管来生多么美丽,我不愿失 去今生对你的记忆,我不求天长地久的美景,我只要生生世世的轮 回里有你。
25、学习是劳动,是充满思想的劳动。——乌申斯基
谢谢!
英语语法虚拟语气和非谓语动词共59页文档
41、俯仰终宇宙,不乐复何如。 42、夏日长抱饥,寒夜无被眠。 43、不戚戚于贫贱,不汲汲于富贵。 44、欲言无予和,挥杯劝孤影。 45、盛年不重来,一日难再晨。及时 当勉励 ,岁月 不待人 。
41、学问是异常珍贵的东西,从任何源泉吸 收都不可耻。——阿卜·日·法拉兹
42、只有在人群中间,才能认识自 己。——德国
43、重复别人所说的话,只需要教育; 而要挑战别人所说的话,则需要头脑。—— 玛丽·佩蒂博恩·普尔
44、卓越的人一大优点是:在不利与艰 难的遭遇里百折不饶。——贝多芬
45ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้自己的饭量自己知道。——苏联
高考英语语法及写作基础专题(非谓语与虚拟语气)
2022高考英语语法及写作基础专题三(非谓语与虚拟语气)使用非谓语动词1.使役动词let/make/have/get/keep/leave...sb./sth. do/doing/done...使/让……做/正在做/被做……【秒杀1】如果你还有问题,请尽管让我了解。
【秒杀2】你不该留下你的同桌一个人打扫教室,而你却回家了。
【秒杀3】我们不能让这样一件重要的事半途而废。
2.感官动词see/notice/watch/hear...sb./sth. do/doing/done...看到/注意到/观察到/听到……某人/某物做/正在做/被做……【秒杀1】听到他们唱这首歌,我情不自禁地想起了我愉快的童年。
【秒杀2】回到家,看到妈妈正在做晚饭,我赶紧去帮她。
3.when/while/once/unless/although...+doing/done...当/有一次/除非/虽然……做/被做……【秒杀1】当被提供帮助的时候,人们常说“谢谢”或“你真好”。
【秒杀2】吃饭咀嚼食物时,你需要避免发出声响。
(2018·全国Ⅰ卷,书面表达)4.having done...已经做……【秒杀1】我曾在一次夏令营活动中做过志愿者,所以觉得适合这个职位。
【秒杀2】在完成了英语作文以后,他开始阅读当天的《中国日报》。
5.by doing...通过做……【秒杀】只有更加努力,我们才能取得更大的进步。
6.疑问词+to do【秒杀1】我写信是为了告诉你什么时间、在哪里上我们的中文课。
【秒杀2】另外,我们应该学会如何与他人友好相处。
7.only to do/to be done 结果却……【秒杀】上周五下午,当我赶往机场给你送行时,却发现你乘坐的飞机正在起飞。
8.with+宾语+宾语补足语【秒杀】随着体育馆的建成,我们能够进行各种不同的体育活动了。
9.have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做……有困难/麻烦【秒杀】让我感到很担心的是,我很难用英语表达自己。
英语语法虚拟语气和非谓语动词
虚拟语气
虚拟语气中的几个特例
3.在would (had) rather(宁愿) 引导的宾语从 句中
当从句表示现在或将来的时间时,谓语动词要 用一般过去时;表示过去时间时,谓语动词 要用过去完成时。
I would rather he came tomorrow than today. I would rather he had not told me about that.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在 as if 从句中
在as if 从句中,常用虚拟形式,即表示与现在事实 相反,用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done). 一、as if (as though) 连接表语从句 she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起来似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadn’t slept for two days. 二、as if 连接让步状语从 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气在 在表语从句中
主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令 (order, command)等的名词,表语从 句的谓语动词用 (should) + do. Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.=:We suggest that you (should) be there on time.
He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。