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1995-2017年英语专业八级改错真题及答案（文字/答案校对版）2017年改错真题Theabilitytocommunicateistheprimaryfactorthatdistinguisheshuman beingsfromanimals.Anditistheabilitytocommunicatewellwhich1.________ distinguishesoneindividualfromanother.Thefactisthatapartfromthebasicnecessities,oneneedsto beequippedwithhabitsforgoodcommunicationskills,thusthisis2.________ whatwillmakeoneahappyandsuccessfulsocialbeing.Inordertodevelopthesehabits,oneneedstofirstacknowledge thefactthattheyneedtoimprovecommunicationskillsfromtimetotime. Theyneedtotakestockofthewayhowtheyinteractandthedirection3.________ inwhichtheirworkandpersonalrelationsaregoing.Theonlyconstantinl ifeischange,themoreoneacceptsone’sstrengthsandworks4._______ towardsdealingwiththeirshortcomings,speciallyintheareaof5.________ communicationskills,thebetterwillbetheirinteractionsand themoretheirsocialpopularity.Thedominatedquestionthatcomeshereis:Howtoimprove6.________ communicationskills?Theanswerissimple.Onecanfindplentyofliteratureonthis.Therearealsoexperts,whoconduct workshopsandseminarsbasedoncommunicationskillsofmenandwomen.Infact,alargenumberofcompaniesarebringingin trainerstoregularlymakesessionsonthesubject,inorderto7.________ helptheirworkforcemaintainbetterinterpersonalworkrelations.Todayeffectivecommunicationskillshavebecomeapredominant factorevenwhilerecruitingemployees.Whileinterviewingcandidates, mostinterviewersjudgethemonthebasisoftheskillstheycommunicatewith. Theybelievethatsomeskillscanbeimprovisedonthejob;butabilityto8.________ communicatewellisimportant,aseveryemployeebecomesthe representingfaceofthecompany.Therearetrainers,whospecializedindeliveringcustom-made9._______ programsonthesubject.Throughthesessionstheynotonlyfacilitate bettercommunicationskillsintheworkplace,butalsolookinto theproblemsinthemannerofbeingabletoconveymessageseffectively.10._______2016年改错真题Allsocialunitsdevelopaculture.Evenintwo-personrelationships, aculturedevelopsintime.Infriendshipandromanticrelationships,1._________ forexample,partnersdeveloptheirownhistory,sharedexperiences,languagepatterns,habits,andcustomsgivethatrelationshipaspecial2._________ character—acharacterthatdiffersitinvariouswaysfrom3._________otherrelationships.Examplesmightincludespecialdates,places,songs,oreventsthatcometohaveauniqueand importantsymbolicmeaningforthetwoindividuals.Thus,any4._________ socialunit—whetherarelationship,group,organization,or society—developsaculturewiththepassageoftime. Whilethedefiningcharacteristicsofeachcultureareunique, allculturessharecertainsamefunctions.Therelationshipbetween5.__________ communicationandcultureisaverycomplexintimateone.6.__________ Culturesarecreatedthroughcommunication;thatis,communicationis themeansofhumaninteraction,throughitculturalcharacteristics7.__________ arecreatedandshared.Itisnotsomuchthatindividualssetouttocreateaculturewhentheyinteractin relationships,groups,organizations,orsocieties, butratherthanthatculturesareanaturalby-productofsocialinteraction.8._________ Inasense,culturesarethe“residue”ofsocialcommunication. Withoutcommunicationandcommunicationmedia,itwouldbeimpossibleto haveandpassalongculturalcharacteristicsfromoneplaceandtimeto9.__________ another.Onecansay,furthermore,thatcultureiscreated,shaped,10._________ transmitted,andlearnedthroughcommunication.2015年改错真题When?I?was?in?my?early?teens,?I?was?taken?to?a?spectacular?show?on?ice?by?the?mother?of?a?friend.?Looked?round?at?the?luxury?of?the????????1._____ ___rink,?my?friend’s?mother?remarked?on?the?“plush”?seats?we?had?been?given.?I?did?not?know?what?she?meant,?and?being?proud?of?my??????????????????2._ _______??vocabulary,?I?tried?to?infer?its?meaning?from?the?context.?“Plush”?was?clearly?intended?as?a?complimentary,?a?positive?evaluation;?that????????3.______ __??much?I?could?tell?it?from?the?tone?of?voice?and?the?context.?So?I???????????????4.?_ _______?started?to?use?the?word.?Yes,?I?replied,?they?certainly?are?plush,?and?so?are?the?ice?rink?and?the?costumes?of?the?skaters,?aren’t?they??My?friend’s?mother?was?very?polite?to?correct?me,?but?I?could?tell?from?her????5.______ __??expression?that?I?had?not?got?the?word?quite?right.?Often?we?can?indeed?infer?from?the?context?what?a?word?roughly?means,?and?that?is?in?fact?the?way?which?we?usually?acquire?both??????????????6.?__ ______?new?words?and?new?meanings?for?familiar?words,?specially?in?our????????????7.?___ _____?own?first?language.?But?sometimes?we?need?to?ask,?as?I?should?have?asked?for?plush,?and?this?is?particularly?true?in?the???????????????????????????????8.________aspect?of?a?foreign?language.?If?you?are?continually?surrounded?by?????????????9____ ____speakers?of?the?language?you?are?learning,?you?can?ask?them?directly,??but?often?this?opportunity?does?not?exist?for?the?learner?of?English.?So?dictionaries?have?been?developed?to?mend?the?gap.????????????????????????????10 .?_________2014年改错真题Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA)emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions??????1.__________ have?possessed?the?most?attention?of?researchers?in?this?area:?2.__________◆Isitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthe samesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?????????????????????????????3.__________◆Whatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave????????????????????4.__________ moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?◆Whatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguages?◆Whatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe?????????????????5.___________acquisitionofanadditionallanguage?◆Whatsocio-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthelearningofadditionallanguages?Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall????????????6.__________ theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhaveonethingincommon:Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiring ofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo?????7.___________so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiring”anadditionallanguage,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder??????????????8.___________ focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofan?????????????individual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesareinvolving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning??????????9.___________ oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntinthe classroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.?10.___________2013年改错真题Psycho-linguistics?is?the?name?given?to?the?study?of?the?psychological?processes? ?involved?in?language.?Psycholinguistics?study?understanding,??production?and?remembering?language,?and?hence?are?concerned?????1.__________ with?listening,?reading,?speaking,?writing,?and?memory?for?language.?One?reason?why?we?take?the?language?for?granted?is?that?it?usually???2.__________ happens?so?effortlessly,?and?most?of?time,?so?accurately.???????????????3.__________ ?Indeed,?when?you?listen?to?someone?to?speaking,?or?looking?at?this?page,??4._______ _?you?normally?cannot?help?but?understand?it.?It?is?only?in?exceptional??circumstances?we?might??become?aware?of?5.________ _the?complexity?involved:?if?we?are?searching?for?a?word?but?cannot?remember?it;??if?a?relative?or?colleague?has?had?a?stroke?which?has?6._________ influenced??their?language;?if?we?observe?a?child?acquire?language;?7._________ if??we?try?to?learn?a?second?language?ourselves?as?an?adult;?or??if?we?are?visually?impaired?or?hearing-impaired?or?if?we?meet?anyone?else?8._________ who?is.?As?we?shall?see,?all?these?examplesof?what?might?be?called? “language?in?exceptional?circumstances”??reveal?a?great?deal?about?the?processes?evolved?in?speaking,listening,?writing?and?reading.?But?9.__________ given?that?language?processes??were?normally?so?automatic,?we?also?10.__________ need?to?carry?out?careful?experiments?to?get?at?what?is?happening.??2012年改错真题The?central?problem?of?translating?has?always?been?whether?to?translate?literally?or?freely.?The?argument?has?been?going?since?at?least?1.__________ the?first?century?B.C.?Up?to?the?beginning?of?the?19th?century,?many?writers?favored?certain?kind?of?“free”?translation:?t he?spirit,?not?the?2.__________ letter;?the?sense?not?the?word;?the?message?rather?the?form;?the?matter?3.__________ not?the?manner.?This?is?the?often?revolutionary?slogan?of?writers?who?4.___________ wanted?the?truth?to?be?read?and?understood.?Then?in?the?turn?of?5.___________19th?century,?when?the?study?of?cultural?anthropology?suggested?that?the?linguistic?barriers?were?insuperable?and?that?the?language?was?6.__________ entirely?the?product?of?culture,?the?view?translation?was?impossible?7.__________? gained?some?currency,?and?with?it?that,?if?was?attempted?at?all,?it?must?8.__________ be?asliteral?as?possible.?This?view?culminated?the?statement?of?the?9._________? extreme?“literalists”?Walter?Benjamin?and?Vladimir?Nobokov.The?argument?was?theoretical:?the?purpose?of?the?translation,?the?nature?of?the?readership,?the?type?of?the?text,?was?not?discussed.?Too?often,?writer,translator?and?reader?were?implicitly?identified?with?each? other.?Now,?the?context?has?changed,?and?the?basic?problem?remains.?10.?_________ 2011年改错真题Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,I knewthatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheages1._____________ ofaboutseventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidsowiththeconsciencethatIwasoutragingmy2._____________ truenatureandthatsoonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledown3._____________ andwritebooks.Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyearsoneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfather4._____________beforeIwaseight.ForthisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondevelopeddisagreeingmannerismswhich5._____________ mademeunpopularthroughoutmyschooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'shabitofmakingupstoriesandholding conversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfromthe6._____________verystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeeling7._____________ ofbeingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacility withwordsandapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andI8._____________ feltthatthiscreatedasortofprivateworldwhichIcouldget9._____________ myownbackformyfailureineverydaylife.Therefore,the10.____________ volumeofserious—i.e.seriouslyintended—writingwhich Iproducedallthroughmychildhoodandboyhoodwouldnot amounttohalfadozenpages.Iwrotemyfirstpoemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.2010年改错真题So?far?as?we?can?tell,?all?human?languages?are?equally??complete?and?perfect?as?instruments?of?communication:?that?is,??every?language?appears?to?be?well?equipped?as?any?other?to?say??????????1________ ____the?things?their?speakers?want?to?say.?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????2____________There?may?or?may?not?be?appropriate?to?talk?about?primitive??????3__________ ___peoples?or?cultures,?but?that?is?another?matter.?Certainly,?not?all??groups?of?people?are?equally?competent?in?nuclear?physics?or??psychology?or?the?cultivation?of?rice?.?Whereas?this?is?not?the?????????????4_______ _____fault?of?their?language.?The?Eskimos?,?it?is?said,?can?speak?about?snow?with?further?more?precision?and?subtlety?than?we?can?in????????????5________ _____English,?but?this?is?not?because?the?Eskimo?language?(one?of?those?? sometimes?miscalled?'primitive')?is?inherently?more?precise?and??subtle?than?English.?This?example?does?not?come?to?light?a?defect???????6_________ ___in?English,?a?show?of?unexpected?'primitiveness'.?The?position?is?simply?and?obviously?that?the?Eskimos?and?the?English?live?in?similar??7__________ _environments.?The?English?language?will?be?just?as?rich?in?terms?????????8________ ____for?different?kinds?of?snow,?presumably,?if?the?environments?in?which??Englishwas?habitually?used?made?such?distinction?as?important.???????????9________ ___Similarly,?we?have?no?reason?to?doubt?that?the?Eskimo?language??could?be?as?precise?and?subtle?on?the?subject?of?motor?manufacture??or?cricket?if?these?topics?formed?the?part?of?the?Eskimos'?life.?????????????10______ ______Forobvioushistoricalreasons,Englishmeninthenineteenthcentury couldnottalkaboutmotorcarswiththeminutediscriminationwhichispossibletoday:carswerenotapartoftheirculture. Buttheyhadahostoftermsforhorse-drawnvehicleswhichsendus,puzzled,toahistoricaldictionarywhenwearereadingScottorDickens.Howmanyofuscoulddistinguishbetweenachaise,alandau,avictoria,abrougham,acoupe,agig,adiligence,awhisky,acalash,atilbury,acarriole,aphaeton,andaclarence?2009年改错真题The?previous?section?has?shown?how?quickly?a?rhyme?passes?from?one?school?child?to?the?next?and?illustrates?the?further?difference???????????1.______ ____?between?school?lore?and?nursery?lore.?In?nursery?lore?a?verse,learnt?in?early?childhood,?is?not?usually?passed?on?again?when?the?littlelistener?2.__________ has?grown?up,?and?has?children?of?their?own,?or?even?grandchild?????????3.________ ___The?period?between?learning?a?nursery?rhyme?and?transmitting?it?may?be?something?from?twenty?to?seventy?years.With?the?playground?lore,?4.__________ therefore,?a?rhyme?may?be?excitedly?passedon?within?the?very?hour?it?is?5._________ learnt;?and?in?the?general,?it?passes?between?children?of?the?same?age,?6.__________ _or?nearly?so,?since?it?is?uncommon??for?the?difference?in?age?between? playmates?to?be?more?than?five?years.?If,therefore,?a?playground?rhyme?can?be?shown?to?have?been?currently?for?a?hundred?years,?or?even?just?7.__________ _for?fifty,?it?follows?that?it?has?been?retransmitted?over?and?over;?very?8.___________ possibly?it?has?passed?along?a?chain?of?two?or?three?hundred?young?hearers?and?tellers,?and?the?wonder?is?that?it?remains?live?after?so?much?9._________ _handling,?to?let?alone?that?it?bears?resemblance?to?the???????????????????????????10._ __________2008年改错真题The?desire?to?use?language?as?a?sign?of?national?identity?is?a?very?natural?one,?and?in?result?language?has?played?a?prominent?????????1._________ _part?in?national?moves.?Men?have?often?felt?the?need?to?cultivate?????????2.________ __a?given?language?to?show?that?they?are?distinctive?from?another??????????3.________ __race?whose?hegemony?they?resent.?At?the?time?the?United?States????????4._________ _split?off?from?Britain,?for?example,?there?were?proposals?that?independence?should?be?linguistically?accepted?by?the?use?of?a??????????5._________ _different?language?from?those?of?Britain.?There?was?even?one???????????6._________ _proposal?that?Americans?should?adopt?Hebrew.?Others?favoured?the?adoption?of?Greek,?though,?as?one?man?put?it,?things?would?certainly?be?simpler?for?Americans?if?they?stuck?on?to?English?????????7.__________??and?made?the?British?learn?Greek.?At?the?end,?as?everyone?????????????8._________ _?knows,?the?two?countries?adopted?the?practical?and?satisfactory?solution?of?carrying?with?the?same?language?as?before.??????????????????9._________ _Since?nearly?two?hundred?years?now,?they?have?shown?the?world???10.__________ that?political?independence?and?national?identity?can?be?complete?without?sacrificing?the?enormous?mutual?advantages?of?a?common?language.?2007年改错真题From?what?has?been?said,?it?must?be?clear?that?no?one?can??make?very?positive?statements?about?how?language?originated.??There?is?no?material?in?any?language?today?and?in?the?earliest?????????1.__________ ?records?of?ancient?languages?show?us?language?in?a?new?and??????????2.__________ ?emerging?state.?It?is?often?said,?of?course,?that?the?language???????????3._________? originated?in?cries?of?anger,?fear,?pain?and?pleasure,?and?the??????????4.__________? necessary?evidence?is?entirely?lacking:?there?are?no?remote????tribes,?no?ancient?records,?providing?evidence?of??a?language?with?a?large?proportion?of?such?cries????????????5.__________?than?we?find?in?English.?It?is?true?that?the?absence??????of?such?evidence?does?not?disprove?the?theory,?but?in?other?grounds6.___________ too?the?theory?is?not?very?attractive.??People?of?all?races?and?languages?make?rather?similar??noises?in?return?to?pain?or?pleasure.?The?fact?that?????????????????7.___________? such?noises?are?similar?on?the?lips?of?Frenchmen??and?Malaysians?whose?languages?are?utterly?different,??serves?to?emphasize?on?the?fundamental?difference???????????8.___________?between?these?noises?and?language?proper.?We?maysay?that?the?cries?of?pain?or?chortles?of?amusement??are?largely?reflex?actions,?instinctive?to?large?extent,?????????????????9.____________ ?whereas?language?proper?does?not?consist?of?signs?but?of?these?that?have?to?be?learnt?and?that?arewholly?conventional.10.___________ 2006年改错真题?We?use?language?primarily?as?a?means?of?communication?with??other?human?beings.?Each?of?us?shares?with?the?community?in?which?we??live?a?store?of?words?and?meanings?as?well?as?agreeing?conventions?as?????1._____ ___to?the?way?in?which?words?should?be?arranged?to?convey?a?particular????????2._____ ___message:?the?English?speaker?has?in?his?disposal?vocabulary?and?a??????????3.______ ___??set?of?grammatical?rules?which?enables?him?to?communicate?his??????????????4._________thoughts?and?feelings,?in?a?variety?of?styles,?to?the?other?English??????????????5.___ ______??speakers.?His?vocabulary,?in?particular,?both?that?which?he?uses?actively?and?that?which?he?recognises,?increases?in?size?as?he?grows?old?as?a?result?of?education?and?experience.???????????????????????????????????????? ??6._________But,?whether?the?language?store?is?relatively?small?or?large,?the?system??? remains?no?more?than?a?psychological?reality?for?the?individual,?unless?he?has?a?means?of?expressing?it?in?terms?able?to?be?seen?by?another??????7._______ __???member?of?his?linguistic?community;?he?has?to?give?the?system?a?concrete?transmission?form.?We?take?it?for?granted?the?two?most??????????8._______ ____common?forms?of?transmission-by?means?of?sounds?produced?by?our?vocal?organs?(speech)?or?by?visual?signs?(writing).?And?these?are????????9._________ __among?most?striking?of?human?achievements.????????????????????????????????10.___ ________2005年改错真题The?University?as?BusinesA?number?of?colleges?and?universities?have?announced?steep?tuition? increases?for?next?year—much?steeper?than?the?current,?very?low?rate?of? inflation.?They?say?the?increases?are?needed?because?of?a?loss?in?value?of? university?endowments?heavily?investing?in?common?stock.?I?am?skeptical.?1._______ A?business?firm?chooses?the?price?that?maximizes?its?net?revenues,?irrespective?fluctuations?in?income;?and?increasingly?the?outlook?of?2._________ universities?in?the?United?States?is?indistinguishable?from?those?of?3._________ business?firms.?The?rise?in?tuitions?may?reflect?the?fact?economic?4._________ uncertaintyincreases?the?demand?for?education.?The?biggest?cost?of?being?in?the?school?is?foregoing?income?from?a?job?(this?is?primarily?a?5._________ factor?in?graduate?and?professional-school?tuition);?the?poor?one's?job?prospects,the?more?sense?it?makes?to?6.__________reallocate?time?from?the?job?market?to?education,?in?order?to?make?oneself?more?marketable.???The?ways?which?universities?make?themselves?attractive?to?students7._________ include?soft?majors,?student?evaluations?of?teachers,?giving?students??a?governance?role,?and?eliminate?required?courses.?Sky-high?tuitions?8.____________ have?caused?universities?to?regard?their?students?as?customers.?Just?as?business?firms?sometimes?collude?to?shorten?the?rigors?of?competition,?9.___________ universities?collude?to?minimize?the?cost?to?them?of?the?athletes?whom?they?recruit?in?order?to?stimulate?alumni?donations,?so?the?best??athletes?now?often?bypass?higher?education?in?order?to?obtain?salaries?earlier?from?professional?teams.?And?until?they?were?stopped?by?the?antitrust?authorities,??the?Ivy?League?schools?colluded?to?limit?competition?for?the?best?students,?by?agreeing?not?to?award?scholarships?on?the?basis?of?merit?rather?than?purely?of?need—just?like?business?firms?agreeing?not?to?give?discounts?on?their?best?customer.?10?___________2004年改错真题Oneofthemostimportantnon-legislativefunctionsoftheU.S.Congress isthepowertoinvestigate.Thepowerisusuallydelegtatedto committees—eitherstadingcommittees, specialcommitteessetforaspecificpurpose,1.___________ orjointcommitteesconsistedofmembersofbothhouses.2.___________InvestigationsareheldtogatherinformationontheneedforFuturelegislation,totesttheeffectivenessoflawsalreadypassed, toinquireintothequalificationandperformanceofmembersand officialsoftheotherbranches,andinrareoccasions,tolaythe3.___________ groundworkforimpeachmentproceedings.Frequently,committees relyoutsideexpertstoassistinconductinginvestigativehearings4.___________ andtomakeoutdetailedstudiesofissues.5.____________Thereareimportantcorallariestotheinvestigativepower. Oneisthepowertopublicizeinvestigationsanditsresults.6.___________ mostcommitteehearingsareopentopublicandarereported7.___________ widelyinthemassmedia.Congressionalinvestigation neverthelessrepresentoneimportanttoolavailabletolawmakes8.___________ toinformthecitizenryandtoarousepublicinterestsinnationalissuses.9.__________ Congressionalcommitteesalsohavethepowertocompel testimonyfromunwillingwitnesses,andtocitefrocontempt ofCongresswitnesseswhorefusetotestifyandforperjury thesewhogivefalsetestimony.10.__________2003年改错真题Demographic?indicators?show?that?Americans?in?the?postwar???period?were?more?eager?than?ever?to?establish?families.?They?quickly????? brought?down?the?age?at?marriage?for?both?men?and?women?and?brought???the?birth?rate?to?a?twentieth?century?height?after?more?than?a?hundred????????1._____ ___years?of?a?steady?decline,?producing?the?“baby?boom.”?These?young?????????2._____ ___adults?established?a?trend?of?early?marriage?and?relatively?large???families?that?went?for?more?than?two?decades?and?caused?a?major????????3.________ ___but?temporary?reversal?of?long-term?demographic?patterns.?From???the?1940s?through?the?early?1960s,?Americans?married?at?a?high?rate???4.__________ ???and?at?a?younger?age?than?their?Europe?counterparts.????????????????????????5.__ ________??Less?noted?but?equally?more?significant,?the?men?and?women?who???????6.________ _????formed?families?between?1940?and?1960?nevertheless?reduced?the?????????7.________ _??divorce?rate?after?a?postwar?peak;?their?marriages?remained?intact?to???a?greater?extent?than?did?that?of?couples?who?married?in?earlier?as?well???8._______ ___as?later?decades.?Since?the?United?States?maintained?its?dubious???????????9.____ ______distinction?of?having?the?highest?divorce?rate?in?the?world,?the???temporary?decline?in?divorce?did?not?occur?in?the?same?extent?in?????????????10.___ ______Europe.?Contrary?to?fears?of?the?experts,?the?role?of?breadwinner?andhomemaker?was?not?abandoned.2002年改错真题There?are?great?impediments?to?the?general?use?of?a?standard?in?pronunciation??comparable?to?that?existing?in?spelling?(orthography).?One?is?the?factthat?pronunciation?is?learnt“naturally”?and?unconsciously,?and?orthography?is?learnt???1.____________ deliberately?and?consciously.?Large?numbers?of?us,?in?fact,?remain?throughout?our?lives?quite?unconscious?with?what?2.____________our?speech?sounds?like?when?we?speak?out,?and?it?often?3.____________comes?as?a?shock?when?we?firstly?hear?a?recording?of?ourselves.?4.____________ It?is?not?a?voice?we?recognize?at?once,?whereas?our?own?handwriting?is?so mething?which?we?almost?always?know.?We?begin?the?“natural”5.___________ learning?of?pronunciation?long?before?we?start?learning?to?read?or?write,?and?in?our?early?years?we?went?on?unconsciously?imitating?and?6.___________ practicing?the?pronunciation?of?those?around?us?for?many?more?hours?per?every?day?than?we?ever?have?to?spend?learning?even?our?difficult?7.__________ English?spelling.?This?is?“natural”?therefore,?that?our?speech-sounds?8.__________ should?be?those?of?our?immediate?circle;?after?all,?as?we?have?seen,?speech?operates?as?a?means?of?holding?a?community?and?9.__________giving?a?sense?of“belonging”.?We?learn?quite?early?to?recognize?a? “stranger”,someone?who?speaks?with?an?accent?of?a?different? Community—perhaps?only?a?few?miles?far.???????????????????10.__________2001年改错真题Duringtheearlyyearsofthiscentury,wheatwasseenasthevery lifebloodofWesternCanada.Peopleoncitystreetswatchedtheyields andthepriceofwheatinalmostasmuchfeelingasiftheyweregrowers.1.________ Themarketingofwheatbecameanincreasingfavoritetopicofconversation.2.______ Warsetthestageforthemostdramaticeventsinmarketingthewesterncrop.Foryears,farmersmistrustedspeculativegrainselling ascarriedonthroughtheWinnipegGrainExchange.Wheatprices weregenerallylowintheautumn,sofarmerscouldnotwaitfor3.____________ marketstoimprove.Ithadhappenedtoooftenthattheysoldtheirwheat soonshortlyafterharvestwhenfarmdebtswerecomingdue,4.____________ justtoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich.Onvariousoccasions,5.________producergroups,askedfirmercontrol,butthegovernmenthadnowishto6.________ becomeinvolving,atleastnotuntilwartimewhenwheatpricesthreatened7.________ torunwild.Anxioustocheckinflationandrisinglifecosts,thefederal8.___________ governmentappointedaboardofgrainsupervisorstodealwithdeliveriesfromthecropsof1917and1918.GrainExchangetradingwassuspended, andfarmerssoldatpricesfixedbytheboard.Tohandlewiththecropof9._________1919,thegovernmentappointedthefirstCanadianWheatBoard, withtotalauthoritytobuy,sell,andsetprices.10.___________2000年改错真题Thegrammarareforthemostpartsharplyandobviouslydifferent?________ meaning”,butinfactsomegrammarian shavecalledthem2.___________“empty”wordsasopposedinthe“full”wordsofvocabulary.3.__________Butthisisarathermisledwayofexpressingthedistinction.4.__________itisveryfarawayfrombeingmeaningless;thereisasharp5.__________vile”,yettheisthesinglevehicleofthisdiff erenceinmeaning.6.___________themselvesastheamountofmeaningtheyhave,eveninthe7.___________lexi“littlewords”.Butsizeisbynomeanagood criterionfor8.___________considerthatwehavelexicalwordsasgo,man,say,car.Apart9.___________fromthis,however,thereispeoplesay:wecertainlydocreateagreatnumberofobscurity10.__________RobertBrowningbutintheproseoftelegramsandnewspaperheadlines.1999年改错真题The?hunter-gatherer?tribes?that?today?live?as?our?prehistoric?1.____________? human?ancestors?consume?primarily?a?vegetable?diet?supplementing?2.____________ with?animal?foods.?An?analysis?of?58?societies?of?modem?hunter-gatherers,? including?the?Kung?of?southern?Africa,?revealed?that?one?half?emphasize?gathering?plant?foods,?one-third?concentrate?on?fishing?and?only?one-sixth?are?primarily?hunters.?Overall,?two-thirds?and?more?of?the?hunter-gatherer’s?calories?come?from?plants.?Detailed?3.__________? studies?of?the?Kung?by?the?food?scientists?at?the?University?of?London,?showed?that?gathering?is?a?more?productive?source?of?food?than?is?hunting.?An?hour?of?hunting?yields?in?average?about?100?4.___________? edible?calories,?as?an?hour?of?gathering?produces?240.?5.__________??Plant?foods?provide?for?60?percent?to?80?percent?of?the?Kung?6.___________?diet,?and?no?one?goes?hungry?when?the?hunt?fails.?Interestingly,?if?they?escape?fatal?infections?or?accidents,?these?contemporary?aborigines?live?to?old?ages?despite?of?the?absence?of?medical?care.?7.___________? They?experience?no?obesity,?no?middle-aged?spread,?little?dental?decay,?no?high?blood?pressure,?on?heart?disease,?and?their?blood?cholesterol?levels?are?very?low(?about?half?of?the?average?8.__________? American?adult),?if?no?one?is?suggesting?what?we?return?to?9.___________?an?aboriginal?life?style,?we?certainly?could?use?their?eating?habits?as?a?model?for?healthier?diet.1998年改错真题When?a?human?infant?is?born?into?any?community?in?any?part?of?the?world?it?has?two?things?in?common?with?any?infant,?provided??1.___________ _neither?of?them?have?been?damaged?in?any?way?either?before?2.___________or?during?birth.?Firstly,?and?most?obviously,?new?born?children?are?completely?helpless.?Apart?from?a?powerful?capacity?to?pay?attention?to?their?helplessness?by?using?sound,?there?is?nothing???3.___________? the?new?born?child?can?do?to?ensure?his?own?survival.?Without?care?from?some?other?human?being?or?beings,?be?it?mother,?grandmother,?or?human?group,?a?child?is?very?unlikely?to?survive.?This?helplessness?of?human?infants?is?in?marked?contrast?with?the?capacity?of?many?new?born?animals?to?get?on?their?feet?????4.___________ within?minutes?of?birth?and?run?with?the?herd?within?a?few?hours.?Although?young?animals?are?certainly?in?risk,?sometimes??????5.___________? for?weeks?or?even?months?after?birth,?compared?with?the?human?infant?they?very?quickly?develop?the?capacity?to?fend?for?them.?6.__________?It?is?during?this?very?long?period?in?which?the?human?infant??is?totally?dependent?on?the?others?that?it?reveals?the?second?feature???7.__________? which?it?shares?with?all?other?undamaged?human?infants,?a?capacity?to?learn?language.?For?this?reason,?biologists?now?suggest?that?language?be?"species?specific"?to?the?human?race,?that?is?8.__________?to?say,?they?consider?the?human?infant?to?be?genetic?programmed9._________?in?such?way?that?it?can?acquire?language.?This?suggestion?implies?10.__________ that?just?as?human?beings?are?designed?to?see?three-dimensionally?and?in?colour,?andj ust?as?they?are?designed?to?stand?upright?rather?than?to?move?on?all?fours,?so?they?ar e?designed?to?learn?and?use?language?as?part?of?their?normal?developments?as?well-fo rmed?human?beings.1997年改错真题Classic?Intention?MovementIn?social?situations,?the?classic?Intention?Movement?is?"the?chair-grasp".?Host?and?guest?have?been?talking?for?some?time,?but?now?the?host?has?an?appointment?to?keepand?can?get?away.?His?urge?to?go?is?1.___________?held?in?check?by?hisdesire?not?be?rude?to?his?guest.?2.___________?。

英语专业八级校对与改错题型的应对技巧

英语专业八级校对与改错题型的应对技巧校对与改错局部的测试目的是检查学生在实际语境中灵活运用语言的能力。

以下是为大家分享的八级校对与改错题型的应对技巧，欢送阅读参考。

校对与改错是英语专业学生高年级考试（TEM-8）的第二局部。

该局部采用主观测试题型。

该工程包含两个局部：答题要求和一篇要求修改的短文。

答题要求局部说明修改短文的三种方法：参加、删去和改动某一单词，并举例说明。

要求修改的短文长度为200字左右。

短文的体裁和题材不超出学生所熟悉的范围。

短文内含10个错误；错误都出现在标有题号的行内。

错误一般涉及单个词；每行只出现一个错误。

要求修改的单词既有功能词（如介词、冠词等），也有实义词（动词、名词等）。

错误既涉及句内也涉及句际。

校对与改错局部的测试目的是检查学生在实际语境中灵活运用语言的能力。

该工程考查学生的语法和词汇知识，但更侧重评估学生的综合语言能力。

校对改错局部要求学生在15分钟内找出10个错误，并根据要求用三种方法之一改正错误。

フ庖徊糠忠求考生掌握三种知识：(1.)语法知识众所周知，英语语言能力包括众多因素，其中之一是语法知识。

没有系统的语法知识，者就很难全面、准确地以口头或书面的形式表达思维或意念。

对于把英语作为外语的学生来说，语法知识的掌握尤为重要，因为它有助于提高语言的准确性、逻辑性。

鉴于此，校对改错工程的一个测试点是检验高年级学生语法知识的掌握程度及其运用能力。

一般地说，该工程中要求改正的错误里包括一些语法错误。

校对改错工程要求学生运用已学过的语法知识，来判断句子的正误，找出语病，并作修正。

这里要强调的一点是，TEM-8考试的这个工程不是孤立地测试学生的语法知识；它更偏重学生运用语法知识的能力，即把书本知识转化成实际能力。

因此，对于学生来说，在平时一要稳固已学过的语法知识，理清概念；二要注重提高运用语言知识解决详细问题的能力。

(2.)词汇与搭配?校对改错工程的另一测试点是学生对常用词汇、搭配和用法的了解及运用。

改错

一．题型介绍校对与改错是英语专业八级考试的第四部分。

(研究生入学考试试卷第三题 proof reading and error correction 15points)答题要求部分规定了修改短文的三种方法：改词、加词和删词。

要求修改的短文长度为250个单词左右。

体裁和题材不限。

短文内含10个错误，错误都出现在标有题号的行内。

每行只出现一个错误，错误一般涉及单个词。

要求修改的单词既有功能词（如介词、冠词等），也有实义词（动词、名词等）。

错误既涉及句内也涉及句间。

校对与改错部分的测试目的是检查学生在实际语境中灵活运用语言的能力以及语言文化科学等背景知识的积累。

该项目考查学生的语法和词汇知识,更侧重评估学生的综合语言能力。

校对改错部分要求学生在15分钟内找出10个错误，并根据要求用三种方法之中的一种改正错误。

此题包括"标错"和"改错"两部分。

如果考生不重视第一步，没有在文中作标记，只在答题线上作改动，会导致最后完全被扣分；如果标错位置，改正正确，不得分；如果考生只是正确标出，而没有改正出来或改正错误，只能得0.5分。

Direction:The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word，underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word，mark the position of the missing word with a " A " sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.注：沈阳师范大学研究生入学考试试卷中此题为15个空，共15分二、常见错误类型改错与校对题目中常见的错误类型有四大类：词汇错误、语法错误、篇章理解错误及其他错误(一)词汇问题：词汇误用（冠词、名词、动词、代词、形容词及副词、情态动词）搭配不当（与介、副词搭配居多，具有不可提高性）(二)语法知识1．从句（代词与先行词一致）2. 非谓语动词3. 时态、语态4. 主谓一致5. 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级6. 虚拟语气7. 倒装（很少出题）（三）篇章结构问题（四）其他：赘述缺词三、常见改错方法及详解(一）词汇问题1.词汇误用A名词误用（单、复数词义差异、相同词形词词义辨析）例1 :He holds his "readiness-to-rise" post and keeps on holding it. It is as if his body had frozen at the get-ready moment. ( 1997年真题)例2：The desire to use language as a sign of national identity is a very natural one，and in result language has played a prominent part in national moves. (2008年真题)例3：Congressional investigations therefore represent one important tool available to lawmakers to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues.B.动词误用（主被动，及物非及物，时态《归类为语法》，搭配《归类为介、副词》）主、被动误用（高频）例1：On various occasions, producer groups, asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to become involving (involved), at least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened to run wild. 及物动词和不及物动词的误用（高频）例1：This is what his body wants to do, therefore (yet or but) his politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him raise. (1997年真题)例2：Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. (1999年真题）例3 ：The fact that such noises are similar on the lips of Frenchmen and Malaysians whose languages are utterly different, serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference between these noises and language proper. (2007年真题)C. 形容词、副词误用（多为搭配错误，后面会讲）形容词词义本身误用1. Men have often felt the need to cultivate a given language to show that they are distinctive from another race whose hegemony they resent. (2008年真题）形容词比较级误用（高频）1.The marketing of wheat became an increasing favorite topic of conversation.2.His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses actively and that which he recognizes,increases in size as he grows old as a result of education and experience.3.From the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a younger agethan their Europe counterparts.冠词和不定冠词的误用（高频）例1 :If he were not hesitating, it would only last a fraction of the second. (1997年真题)例2：...if (while) no one is suggesting what we return to an aboriginal life style, we certainly could use their eating habits as a model for healthier diet. ( 1999年真题)例3：The grammatical words which play so large a part in English grammar are for the most part sharply and obviously different from the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which may seem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“less meaning”, and in fact some grammarians have called them“empty”words as opposed to the“full”words of vocabulary。

专业八级英语考试考试要求

专业八级英语考试是中国对非英语专业的大学生英语水平进行的最高级考试，考试要求包括：
考试对象：经教育部备案或批准的高等本科院校中英语专业四年级本科生，重点外语类院校中以专业英语作为第二学位或第二专业且CET6达600分或以上（相当于优秀）的四年级本科生。

考试内容：包括听力理解、阅读理解、翻译和写作等，考察考生的英语应用能力。

考试难度：专业八级英语考试的难度相当于大学英语六级水平，要求考生具备较高的英语能力和词汇量。

考试时间：通常在每年的3月份进行。

考试成绩：考试成绩分为合格和不合格两个等级，达到合格标准即可获得专业八级英语证书。

需要注意的是，专业八级英语考试只是对非英语专业的大学生英语水平进行的考试，不能作为衡量所有英语学习者英语水平的标准。

对于其他英语学习者，如高中生、初中生、研究生等，应该根据自己的英语水平和需求选择合适的英语考试。

英语专业八级考试注意事项

英语专业八级考试注意事项2017英语专业八级考试注意事项专业英语:各行各业因为其特定专业知识和行业规范以及习惯不同，各专业英语有其特定性和特殊性、专业性。

下面是yjbys店铺为大家带来的英语专业八级考试注意事项，欢迎阅读。

听力：1.切记八级听力考试的三部分内容均只播放一遍录音，所以听的时候一定要做到全神贯注，心无旁骛。

2.预读考题在八级听力测试部分中，问题都已印在考卷上，同时在各部分题目前都印有一段题目指令，磁带上也录有相应指令，由于每年考试这部分指令都基本相同，只要熟悉这些内容，就可以利用播放指令的这段时间，或利用两道题目之间的15秒左右停顿间隙，快速浏览一下已印在试卷上的问题和四个选择项，从而获取听音前的思考线索和对听音内容的背景提示，以便在听的过程中可以抓住相关信息，滤除不相关的内容，减轻听的负担和记忆的负荷。

尤其可以利用第一部分Note-taking充足的答题时间浏览后面的内容。

3.领会讲话者的语气听懂说话者的语气可帮助我们回答问题。

这一点在八级考试听力第二部分interview中显得尤为重要。

例如，Well,I’mafraidIdo.ButImightbemistaken.表示了说话者不肯定的语气。

有时字面意思与说话者所要表达的意图相反，这时更多的是依赖讲话者的口气来答题。

如，I’dbesackedifIacceptedyouroffer.所表达的是拒绝。

讲话的口气是多种多样的,它可以表达惊奇、犹豫、挑战、讽刺、安慰、决心等，正确领会它们能做到事半功倍。

?4.听与记录同时进行可在听的过程中适当做些笔录因为仅凭脑力无法记住长达数分钟的讨论或对话。

记录时不必拘于形式，做一些只要自己能明白的简单符号记录即可。

?听力第一部分note-taking是较为复杂的听力测试项目，有其自身特点，掌握这些2、特点对答题大有好处。

该部分录音通常是一篇具有较强逻辑性的文章，从几个方面论证或叙述一个问题。

因为填空的词是基于整个问题要点及其重要细节的实词，所以记笔记时应重点盯住这些内容，而非细枝末节。

英语专业八级改错与校对练习学生讲义

改错与校对练习PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTIONPassage OneIt is very difficult imagine an educational system which transmits values 1.______ seriously in conflict with that of the government and the state, or which 2. ______ contributes nothing to training young people for their future adult work-roles. However, educational systems are often only partial successful. This is partly 3.______ because people have different views of what elements of culture ( norms andvalues) should be stressed on, and what skills are useful. Such disagreement has4.______a fundamental basis in social structure of modem Britain because there is often 5. ______ a contradiction among the two functions of socialization and training. This is 6. ______ because the two functions are not easily separate in practice. The norms and 7. ______ values transmitted to any group of children have to be somehow relating to the 8. ______kinds of skills they taught. The culture of the aristocracy is not the same as 9. ______ that of working-class neighborhoods in the inner cities. Similarly, training fordifferent sorts of work need to be different: to be proficient in Latin is not 10.______ useful to the shop assistant, just as expertise in woodwork is irrelevant to a university teacher.Passage TwoAs people live in a fast-moving world where tensions build up,die effects of long-distance miming are uplifting.Each hill is approached as a positive challenge, causing the runnerto grow strongly with each stride and leading him to tranquility and harmony. 1. ______ Long-distance running that helps a person to forget pressure on family 2. ______ problems as well as job related annoyances. An example comes quickly in 3. ______ mind. One day I had a really terrible fight with my landlady over some foolishincident. I screamed and yelled at her but she very nearly threw me out. A few 4.______ minutes later, I set for my daily run. By the end of the first mile, the argument 5. ______ seemed like the bad dream. At the end of the fourth mile, I was 6. ______ full with feelings of remorse and forgiveness towards the landlady. I saw how 7.______ unreasonable I have been, I stopped at the local flower shop and bought my 8.______ landlady a beautiful rose. which I immediately gave her I stepped inside the 9. ______ house. Running has that kind of effect on most runners. It makes us feelpositive and serene. Incorporating long-distance running into a daily routinewill significantly change a runner's life. I do not know whether it comes fromfollowing a strict routine the improved physical condition of the runner. 10. _____ But I do know that people quickly become addicted to the sport.Passage ThreeWhat is drug? Most of people probably think ther e’s a perfect simple 1. _____ answer to this question. In fact, if one carries a quick survey on any street corner,one finds (hat, according to vast majority of people, there are two groups 2. _____ of drugs: those prescribed by doctors, and those people take for non-medicaluse. As medicine and medical profession are generally self-respectful, there 3. ______ aren't any objections to the use of prescribed drugs. What moat people don’trealize is (hat when prescribed drugs are usually beneficial, they can also 4. ______ present a serious problem. There were many people addicted by tranquillizers 5. ______ before doctors began to prescribe them: now there being literally millions who 6. ______ depend on (hem. An acceptance of the use of drugs for non-medical reasons islargely a matter of a culture. Some Eastern people think the use of alcohol with 7.______ horror, mainly as a result of religious upbringing. However, these similar 8. ______ people freely use marijuana without a second thought, and this, in turn, isn’taccepted in Western culture which accepts alcohol. In most Western societies, the 9. ______ tea- or coffee-break' s now a part of the life, And huge quantities of these drinks 10._______are consumed daily.Passage FourIn a competitive and fast-paced modem society, busy businessexecutives are so engrossing in (heir work that they hardly know what 1. ______ the word 'leisure" means. The higher an executive’s position is on thebusiness ladder, the more hours he spends on his work. With a view togaining greater corporate standing or a big pay rise, he, as a rule, far 2. _____ exceeds over the 40-hour working week. 3. _____ The additional stress and tension as well as the shortage of suitable 4. _____ rest and recreation very often have a disastrous effect on his health. Fewsuch executives realize that unless they learn how to relax, they will soonrun of steam before they get to the top of the executive ladder. A noted 5. ______ American authority on leisure has said that “The key to relaxation to busy 6. ______ executives is to avoid the types of activities that are part and parcel oftheir daily work and to devote themselves totally to have recreational 7. ______pursuits for at least a part of each day, even it is only for half an hour. 8. _____ Those jobs require a great deal of contact with others can engage in activities 9. ____ that are quiet and peaceful ―far from the madding crowd, far from client 10. _____ and business associates.”Passage FiveAir quality in Britain has improved considerably in the last 30 years.Total emissions of smoke in the air have risen by over 85 per cent since 1. _____ 1950. The domestic smoking control program has been particularly 2. _____ important in achieving this result. London and other major cities nolonger have the dense smoke-laden “smogs” of the 1950s but in central 3.______London winter sunshine has increased by about 70 per cent since 1958.Since 1990, everyday air pollution data from the British Monitoringnetwork has made available to the public by the Department of theEnvironment’s Air Quantity Bulletins. These concentrated three main 4. ______ pollutants-ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide —end gradeair quality on a scale between “very weak” and “very good”. The 5. ______ information features in television and radio weather reports appears 6. ______ in many national and Local newspapers. Therefore, 7. ______the data are also available on the special free telephone number and on 8. ______ video text Systems. A comprehensive review of the issue of urbanized air 9. ______ quality was announced in January 1992, Three independent committees ofexperts have been established to advise on different aspects of the problem,and will set guidelines and targets for air quality. The network will also being 10. ______ extended and upgraded at a cost of million.Passage sixThe amazing success of humans as a species is the resultof the evolutionary development of our brains which hastened totool-using, tool-making, the ability to solve problems by logicalreasoning, thoughtful cooperation, and language. One of the moststriking ways in that chimpanzees biologically resemble humans 1. _____ lies in the structure of their trains. The chimpanzee, with thecapacity for primitive reasoning, exhibits a type of intelligence like 2. _____ that of humans than does any, other mammal living today. The brainof the modem chimpanzee is probably not too dissimilar to the brainthat so many millions of years ago direct the behavior of the first ape 3. _____ man.In a long time, the fact that prehistoric people made tools was 4. _____ considered to be one of the major criterion distinguishing them from 5. _____other creatures. It is true that the chimpanzee does not fashion tools to“a regular and set pattern” but then, prehistoric people, after their 6. _____ development of stone tools.Undoubtedly poked around with sticks and straws, at whichstage it seems unlikely that they made tools to a set pattern too. 7. _____ It is because the close association in most people’s minds of 8. _____ tools with humans that special attention has always been focused uponany animal able to use an objective as a tool; but it is important to realize 9. _____that this ability, on its own, does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature concerning. 10. _____Passage sevenDuring the traditional wedding ceremony, the bridal couplepromises each other lifelong devotion. Yet, about one out of four 1. _____ American marriages ends in divorce. Since 1940, the divorce ratehas more than doubled, and experts predict that, of all marriagesthat occured in the 1970s, about 50% will end in divorce, The USA 2. _____ is one of the highest divorce rates in the world, perhaps even the highest. 3. _____What goes wrong? That fact that divorce is so common in theUnited States does not mean that Americans consider marriage a casual, unimportant relationship. Just opposite is true. Americans expect a 4. _____ great deal from marriage. They seek physical, emotional, andintellectual compatibility. They want to be loved deep and understood. 5. ______ It is because Americans expect so much from marriage that so manyget divorce. They prefer no marriage at all to a marriage without love 6. ______ and understanding. With typical American optimist, they end one 7. ______ marriage in the hope of that the next will be happier. With no-fault 8. ______ divorce laws in many states, It is easier than never to get a divorce. 9. ______ Some American Women stay in unhappy marriages because they donot have the education or job experience to support themselves andtheir children. But most American women believe that, if necessary,they can make it lonely without a husband. All things considered, 10. _____ Americans have little reason to continue an unhappy marriage.Passage eightThe world is in a self-destruction mode. By this statementI mean that the people of the world are bent on making this planet inhabitable in three distinct ways. Furthermore, these three ways 1. ______ are all interrelated and related directly to industrialization.The first of three is through pollution to the air, the water, 2. ______or the soil. Industrialization has meant toxic fumes in the atmo- 3. ______ sphere and poisonous substances in the water and in the soil.Industry has also been responsible to noise and visual pollution:the roar of machinery and the ugliness of factories and cheap housing developments ... these factors take the joy outside of natural 4. ______ surroundings for human beings.However, the balance of nature has been upset. To feed the 5. ______ hungry factories, huge forests have been leveled, mountains havestripped of their protection ... The results are farther-reaching 6. ______ as we can know. 7. ______ The third and the most acute of the problem is the psycho- 8. ______ logical effect on people of increased competition and hard economictimes. The reasons that people give for political unrest might be reasonsof belief or religion, but I believe that it is the desire of people to improvetheir standard of life that ultimately causes was. Because of the 9. ______ industrialization, much of the beauty and the simplicity of life is away. 10. _____Passage nineThe ordinary family in colonial North America was primarilyconcerned with sheer physical survival and beyond that, its owneconomic prosperity. Thus, Children were valued in the terms of 1. ______ their productivity, and they assumed the role of producer quite early.Until they fulfilled this role, his position in the structure of the family 2. ______ was one of subordination, and their psychological needs andcapacities received much consideration. 3. ______ As the society became more complex, the status of childrenin the family and in the society become, each member must fulfill the 4. ______ number of personal and occupational role and be in constant contact 5. ______with a great many other members. Consequently, viewing childrenpotentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted members of society 6. ______ means that they are regarded more as people in their own right so as 7. ______utilitarian organisms. This acceptance of children as equal participantsin the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutesprotecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfareprograms devoted exclusively in their well-being. 8. ______ This new view of children and the increasing contact betweenthe members of society has also resulted in a surge of interest inchild-rearing technique. People today spend a considerable portion oftheir time discussing the proper way to bring about children, It is now 9. ______ possible to influence the details of the socialization of another person'schild in spreading the gospel of current and fashionable theories and 10. _____methods of child rearing.Passage tenAdvertising is a form of mass selling, and it is employed whenthe use of direct, person-to-person selling is practical, impossible, or 1. simply inefficient. It is to be distinguished from other activities andits aim intended to persuade the public. Advertising techniques ranges 2. complexly from the publishing of simple, straightforward noticesin the classified-advertising columns of newspapers to the concerted use 3. newspapers, magazines, television, radio, direct mail, and other communications media in the course of a single advertising campaign.From its simple beginnings in ancient times, advertising have turned 4. into a worldwide industry. In the U.S. alone in the late 1980s, approximately $120 billion was spent in a single year to advertising 5.to influence the purchase of commodities and services.Advertising falls into two main categories; consumer advertising, directed to the final purchaser, and trade advertising, in which theappeal is made to dealers on through trade journals and other media. 6.Both consumer and trade advertising employ many specializedtypes of commercial persuasion. A relatively minor, except important, 7. form of advertising is institutional advertising, which is designed mainlyto build prestige and public respect for particular business concerns as important institutions. Each year millions of dollars is spent on 8. institutional advertising.Another minor, but increasingly popular, form of advertising is cooperation advertising. For example, makers of milk, of pie, and of 9. sausages sometime jointly advertise this combination as an ideal 10.cold-weather breakfast.Passage elevenLike all animal species, plant species must spread their offspringto suitable areas where they can grow and pass on their parent's genes. 1. Young animals generally spread by walking or flying. Because plantsdon't have that ability, they may somehow hitchhike. Some plant seeds 2. scatter by blowing in the wind or floating on water. Many other plant species, though, trick an animal into carrying their seeds. How do theydo? They enclose them within a tasty fruit and advertise the fruit'sripeness by its color or smell. The hungry animal collects and swallowsthe fruit, walks or flies off, but later spits out the seeds somewhere far 3. from its parent tree. Seeds can thereby be carried thousands of miles. 4.It may surprise you to learn that plant seeds can resist digestion. In fact, some seeds actually require passage through an animal's body beforethey can grow.Wild strawberries offer a good example of hitchhiking tactic. 5. When strawberry seeds arc still young and not yet ready to be planted,the surrounding fruit is green, sour, and hard. When the seeds final 6. mature, the berries turn red, sweet, and tender, The change in the berries' color serves as a signal to birds which then eat the strawberries, fly off,and eventually spit out the seeds.Naturally, strawberry plants doesn't set out with a conscious 7. intent of attracting birds only when their seeds were ready to bedispersed away. Nor did birds set out with the intent of plant straw- 8. berries. Rather, strawberry plants evolved through natural selection.The sweeter and reder the final strawberry, the more birds spread 9.its ripe seeds; the greener and more sour the young strawberry, thebirds destroyed the seeds by eating berries before the seeds were ready. 10.Passage TwelveCheese, nutritious food made from the milk of cows and other mammals, including sheeps, goats, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and mares. 1. Cheese is one of the world's oldest food products ―for thousands of years, people have been raised animals for milk, turning their surplus 2. milk into cheese. More than 400 varieties of cheese existing, making it 3. one of the most general foods in the world. Cheese comes in hundredsof different shapes, sizes, flavors, and is used in as many different ways. Enjoyed with bread, crackers, and fruit, used as an ingredient in cooked foods, and mixed with salads and flour, cheese is a healthy food all over 4. the world. Cheese is a concentrated resource of almost all the valuable 5. nutrients found in milk, such as protein, vitamins, and minerals, as wellas the less desirable fat and cholesterol, substances that may lead tohealth problems when consumed in excess. The fat content in cheesevaries depending the milk used. Cheese made with whole milk, or milk 6. enriched with cream, has the lowest amount of fat, cholesterol, and 7. calories. Cheese made with skim milk has the lowest. Because its high 8. protein and calcium content, cheese in moderation is an important component of a balanced diet It is an especially good source of proteinfor children, which growing bodies require higher amounts of protein 9. than adults. Many vegetarians, who do not eat meat, rely to cheese as a 10. source of protein in their diets.Passage thirteenBegun in the late 1960s by Pentagon weapons researches as asystem for easing communication between computers in disparateelectric networks, the Internet has evolved into a popular vehicle for 1. scientific research, communication, entertainment, and more. It links together thousands of computer networks such as those belonging to corporations, commercial services, universities, and research centers,joining them as branches on a tree to larger networks known as 2. backbones. Once a computer is on-line, that is, connected by modemor networking equipment of the Internet, the user can search through 3. data banks for documents, chat with other computer users, or instant 4. send opinions and observations to the likes of President Bill Clinton,film critic Roger Ebert, or rocker Billy Idol (just to name a few).No central governing body runs the Internet, and nobody hasan exact census of users. But estimates of the number already range 5. from around 10 million to as high as 5 million. Well over 10,000separated computer networks are connected by the Internet, and 6. total traffic was expected to double during 1993.Today, the Internet is free resources and commercial servicesthat provide databases and computer files with a fee. Publishers are 7. seeking to make books and periodicals available on the Internet as aprofit-making adventure. Meanwhile, works in the public domain 8. have begun appearing on the Inter net for users to “upload” to their 9. computers virtually free of charge. With electronic access to data fromall over the world, scholarly research that in the past would haverequired months of travel could now be done at one's desk. 10.Passage fourteenWater is the oldest form of transport. The original sailed vessels 1. were replaced by steamboats in the early 1800s and by diesel power inthe 1920s. A distinct is generally made between deep-water and navigable 2. inland water transport-Domestic commerce center on the Great Lakes, 3. canals, and navigable rivers.The exact miles of improved waterways in operation dependin partly on whether coastwise and intercoastal shipping are included 4.The main advantage of water transport is capacity to move 5. extremely large shipments. Deep-water vessels are restricted in operation, but diesel-towing barges have a fair-degree of flexibility. 6.In comparison to rail and highway, water transport ranks in the middlewith respect to fixed cost. The fixed cost of operation is more greater 7. than that of motor carriers but less than that of railroads. The main disadvantage of water is the unlimited degree of flexibility and the 8. low speeds of transport. Although the source and destination of the 9. movement are adjacent to a waterway, supplemental haul by rail ortruck is required. The capability of water to transport large tonnageat low various cost places this mode of transport in demand when 10. low freight rates are desired and speed of transit is a secondary consideration.Passage fifteenBefore considering this question it is interesting to reviewbriefly the evolution of the mind as the instrument. The commonest 1. way that has been used to find out the relative intellectual level of creatures at different stage of evolutionary complexity has been to study 2. the way they behave when giving different kinds of puzzles. For example, 3. an ant possesses a complex routine of behavior, but can it think?The answer is what if an ant is forced to go through a maze of 4. passages, many of which are dead ends, on its way to its nestle, it starts 5.by making a lot of mistakes and taking a great many wrong turnings.In the end, however, after it has to worry its way through often enough, 6.it does learn to get to its nest without going into any of the blind alleys.As one moves up the evolutionary scale the test of mind-power 7. exemplified by solving the problem of getting through a maze becomesvery simple. Among mammals, for example, the maze is an inadequate 8. test. The learning problem does not tax enough attributes of the mind.In this sort of learning, as a matter of fact, rats can hit university 9. undergraduates and have, in fact, repeatedly done so. The next, moresubtle test of mental ability is to see what level an animal can think 10. about something when it is not there.Passage sixteenIf it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementaryscience to everyone on a mess basis or to find the gifted few and take 1. them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The publicschool system, moreover, has no such choice, for the two jobs must be 2. carried on at the same time. Because we depend so heavily upon scienceand technology for our progress, we must produce specialist in many 3. fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make the policies for the country, large numbers of us must be educated to 4. understand, to support, and when necessary, judge the work of experts. 5. The public school must educate for both producers and users of scientific services. In education there should be a good balance among the branchesof knowledge that attribute to effective thinking and wise judgment such 6. balance is defeated by too much emphasis on any one field. This questionof balance involves not only the relation of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative emphases between the natural 7. sciences themselves. By contrast, we must have a balance between the 8. current and classical knowledge. The attention of the public iscontinuously drawn to new possibilities in scientific fields and the 9. discovery of new knowledge; these should not be allowed to turn our attention from the sound, established materials that form the basis of 10. courses for beginners.Passage seventeenThe world’s population continues to grow. There now are about4 billion of us on earth. That could reach 6 billion by the end of thecentury and 11 billion in a farther 75 years. 1.Experts have long been concerned about such a growth.Where will we find the food, water, works, houses, schools and 2. health care for all these people?A major new study shows that the situation may be changing.A large and rapid drop in the world’s birth rate have taken place 3. during the past 10 years. Families generally are smaller now thanthey were a few years ago. It is happened in both developing and 4. industrial nations.Researchers said they found a number of reasons for this,More men and women are waiting more longer to get married and 5. are using birth control devices and methods to prevent and delay 6. pregnancy. More women are going to school or working at jobsaway from home instead having children. 7.And more governments, especially in developing nations, nowsupport family planned programs to reduce population growth, China 8.is one of the nations that has made great program in reducing its 9. population growth. China has already cut off its rate of population 10. growth by about one half since 1970.Passage eighteenBeyond puppyhood, retraining an aggressive dog often is atough jo b, and it doesn’t always work. You may need professional advice. Contract your veterinarian, who might refer you to a trainer 1.or behaviorist. If after retraining, your dog continues to scare people, considering whether the kindest and safest action is to put the dog to 2. sleep.Every pet owner, and every family with children, need to take 3. seriously of the risk of dog bites. Ask the Bogers. It's been more than 4.one year since five-year-old Megan began to raise her pet. The scars 5. around her eye and the wound on one side of her mouth have fadedalmost to nothing, and the memory of the attack by her pet lingers. 6. “She’s very hesitant around all dogs,” reports her mom, “I’m more so.” They have taught Megan and their another children to approach dogs 7. slowly, and hold up a hand to be sniffed before getting closer. 8.The family was requiring by law to keep the dog contained for 9.d ten days, to be sure it didn't carry rabies. Then the Bogers gave it toa family friend ―one with children. Now they have it back, but 10.he's carefully supervised.Passage nineteenWhen I was about 11, I inherited my older brother's paper route.It was a good job, though it means waking up at the crack of dawn 1. and hopping on my bike in Rockford, to deliver papers.Punctuality was critic. People expected the paper on their front 2. porch by 6 a.m. If I ran late, they would be standing in their doorwaysand I would infinitely hear about it. On the other hand, doing the job 3. professionally often resulted in much-appreciated tips.Ever since then, I have tried to do as professional a job as 4. possible-whether it be bagging groceries, painting houses or tarringroofs. Acting is not different. I believe if you work hard and behavelike a pro, it will pay back, and you will be offered more and better roles. 5.This means giving your all. If a scene requires another characterto react to jumping into the water, I will jump in as many times as it 6. takes to help him and the director get the shot. Several years ago,while filmed a movie in the mountains of Brazil, my fellow actors 7.and I all pitched in to help the screw move heavy equipment through 8. rugged jungle. Acting is a job like any other, and you can't let it go toyour head. The thing that made a difference delivering papers 9.being thorough, punctual, doing your best-also count on the movie set.And I still have to woken up at the crack of dawn. 10.。

分享英语专业八级考试过关全攻略

分享英语专业八级考试过关全攻略一、学生如何应对英语专业八级考试题形的改革1.命题方向有所改变。

新大纲的修订明显提高考试难度,以及对应试者知识面广度和深度的检验,这是社会进步的必然结果,也体现社会对英语专业人才的需求结构发生了变化。

比如,听力由原来的四部分改为三部分,将听讲座并作笔记放在第一题;阅读理解部分去掉了原来的快速阅读,保留了正常速度阅读;写作方面字数要求增多,从原来的300增加到400字,而时间则由原来的60分钟缩减为45分钟,此外还增加了包括语言、语音、文化、英美概况等人文知识。

2.复习更重全面实效。

题型的改变对备考提出了更高要求。

表面看答得不错,但分数却不高,甚至不能通过,原因在于: (1)听力部分是英语专业八级考试的难点之一,由于大纲修改之后将Note- taking放在第一题,要求学生对听力有足够的敏感度,能很快进入状态记下有效信息。

这一题型的准备需要大量积累和不断练习。

同时也需要一定的技巧,比如如何听关键词,如何忽略无用信息的干扰。

对于News Broadcast题型要多听近期的VOA和BBC新闻,要熟悉实事关键词。

Interview不是难点,只要看清题目,听懂谈话内容,基本能够保证答题的正确率。

( 2)对于词汇的复习存在盲目性,虽然英语专业八级没有词汇题,但是英语专业八级对词汇的广度和深度均有要求,英语专业八级试题取材广泛,语体正式,有较多的文学类文章,因此要求学生有较大的词汇量( 15 000 左右为佳) 。

对于单词的掌握,不仅要了解单词的中文释义,更应了解词汇的用法以及与其他词语的细微差别。

(3)改错题是得分相对较低的题目。

该题注重考查学生在文章通篇理解的基础上,对一些语法、词汇及逻辑的掌握情况。

在平时训练过程中要熟悉常见语法知识及常见错误,不断培养对于语感的灵敏度。

所以改错能力的提高需要平时多做积累,在读原版英文材料时不断学习地道的表达和连贯的逻辑思维。

(4)阅读理解部分内容并不难,但涵盖面广,人文、社科、文化等均有覆盖,而且信息量很大,一般学生考试时读不完,抓不住关键问题。

2024年英语专业八级改错

2024年英语专业八级改错Alright, here are a few examples of paragraphs that adhere to the given requirements for the 2024 TEM-8 (Test for English Majors-Band 8) error correction section:---。

Oh, I'm so annoyed with this report. I just noticed a typo on the second page. It's supposed to be "they're" not "their." You know, the difference between possessive and contraction.---。

Gosh, I'm not sure about this sentence. It seems to be missing a comma somewhere. Maybe after "however"? I'm not a grammar expert, but it just doesn't sound right.---。

I was reading through this article and came across a weird phrase. It says "he had went to the store" instead of "he had gone to the store." It's the past perfect tense, so it should be "gone."---。

英语专业八级考试(TEM-8)

sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication is A. morphology. B. general linguistics. C. phonology. D. semantics.
The capital of Australia is A. Sydney. B Melbourne. C. Canberra. D. Perth.
E.M.Forster was most famous for A. Heart of Darkness. B. Ulysses. C. The Forsyte Saga. D. A Passage to India.
“牧羊人”其译文也可以归为几大类错误：对shepherd的误拼。 sheep或goat构成的合成词或词组：sheepfather; sheeper, sheepman, sheep guardian, sheepboy, sheep governor, sheeplooker, sheep manager, sheep administrator, sheep-carer, sheep commander, the sheep’s boss, the man who takes care of sheep, goater, goat looker, goatshipper, etc. 误译为“牧师”：clergyman, minister, priest, godfather, etc. 意义不符的词：hunter, cowboy, goalkeeper, guest, farmer, guys, headman, cattleman, fellowman, etc.
10个语误考试时间：15分钟比重：10%

英语专业八级考试内容

英语专业八级考试内容英语专业八级考试内容英语专业八级考试是由高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会主办的(非教育部主办)，对英语专业高年级学生英语水平进行衡量的一种外语水平考试。

以下是由店铺整理关于英语专业八级的内容，希望大家喜欢!英语专业八级英语专业八级是目前我国体现最高英语水平的等级考试。

它在每年的三月份举办一次，考试分为上午和下午两场，上午做听力、阅读、改错，下午做翻译和写作。

对时间的要求比较严格。

随着考试的日益正规化，参考人数的不断增加，专业八级考试(TEM-8)的权威性及社会影响也在不断地提高。

考试已得到越来越多的人的认可。

但市面上帮助学生了解TEM-8考试的书籍却不多，谈到TEM-8考试应试技巧的书籍就更少，为此新东方课堂针对TEM-8考试的各种题型编写了应试技巧，旨在帮助广大学生全面地了解TEM-8考试的性质、目的、内容所测试的语言能力等，从而做到知己知彼，顺利通过TEM-8考试。

考试内容涵盖英语听、读、写、译各方面，2005年又加入人文常识。

笔试形式考核。

口试另外考核，名称为“英语专业八级口语与口译考试”，合格后颁发“英语专业八级口语与口译证书”，但是口试的知名度不够，参加人数也不多，很多英语专业考生都不知道还有专八口试考试。

英语专八证书封面时间是每年3月上旬，对象是英语及相关专业大四学生。

非英语及相关专业与非在校生无法参加考试。

考试及格者由高等院校外语专业教学指导委员会颁发成绩单。

成绩分三级：60-69分是合格;70-79分是良好;80分及以上是优秀。

考试合格后颁发的证书终身有效。

从2003年起，考试不合格能够补考一次。

补考合格后只颁发合格证书。

英语专业四、八级统测(Test for English Majors，简称TEM)是为检测本科英语专业教学大纲执行情况而进行的本科教学考试。

国家教委《高等学校英语专业基础阶段英语教学大纲》规定，高等学校英语专业基础阶段的教学任务和目的是“传授英语基础知识，对学生进行全面的、严格的基本技能训练，培养学生实际运用语言的能力，培养学生良好的学习作风和正确的学习方法，培养学生逻辑思维能力和独立工作能力，丰富学生社会文化知识，增强学生对文化差异的敏感性，为学生升入高年级打好扎实基矗高等学校英语专业高年级英语的教学任务是“继续打好语言基本功，进一步扩大知识面，重点应放在培养英语综合技能，充实文化知识，提高交际能力上。

英语八级应试指导-校对与改错

校对与改错(Proofreading and Error Correction)1．语法错误(1) 词的误用A. 词性的误用1．There’s no evidence that slow students are necessary unintelligent, or that unintelligent students are incapable of learning a language.2. But can anyone seriously argue that being an athlete should require the acceptance of unnecessarily physical abuse.3. Bad weather effects people’s health.B. 词义的误用1. I am easily hurt because I am very sensible.2. The garage, where there is a distinctive smell of oil, lies on the first floor, next to the shoe house.英语中这样的例子还有很多，形容词如：credible economic historic efficient imaginative intelligent credulous economical historical effective imaginary intellectual 容易混淆的动词和名词的例子，如：maintain renew instinct rewardsustain restore intuition award另一种词义的误用则表现在固定词组中动词的误用，如：get an advantage over: 胜于，优于take advantage of: 利用C. 介词的误用1. It was market day, so people and traffic had been pouring into the town from early morning.2. It has been estimated that the earth’s surface temperature has increased to one quarter to three quarters of a degree since 1805.3. The place did not appear to be popular, for it was completely deserted, and in any case inaccessible for traffic.4. The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplemented with animal foods.D. 连词的误用1. Through it all, women in summer clothes threaded their way, laughing and chatting but children darted in and out of the crowds shrieking with laughter or sobbing with fear because they were lost.2. Although she was tired, but she went to work.E. 代词的指代错误1. Air and water are also social goods in the sense that when we have used them, we can almost always dispose of it in someone else’s backyard.2. No matter what your interests are, you will find that a library can be a great place to enjoy oneself while you learn.F. 名词单复数错误1. He is by no means considered to be a great explorer.2. Every means has been tried.3. There are many woman doctors.4. The fire has caused great damages to the factory.(2) 词的遗漏A. 冠词的遗漏1. They were selling peaches, melons and grapes—harvest of their fields.2. The composers themselves banded together into committee and this in turn sponsored a plan.B. 连词的遗漏1. Ben is as talented, if not more talented than, the other actors.2. Language provides a means of saying and doing things, teaching is generally divorced from the use we make of language.3. Most people seem to need about eight hours’ sleep a day, curious and disturbing things begin to happen when the ratio is changed.C. 介词的遗漏1. With properly designed courses, students, learning to do what they need to t he language, can rise to unprecedented levels of competence.2. I hate being laughed at.3. I wondered about the cost of building the ship which we were traveling.D. 其他形式的遗漏1. Many bribes still believe and abide by ancient laws.2. Henry preferred the hotels in Pittsburgh to in Boston.3. Some say that Ella Pitzgerald’s renditions of Cole Porter’s songs are better than any other.4. Chicago is larger than any city in Illinois.(3) 词的多用A. 介词的多用1. We teach for an unapplied system, rather than teaching students directly to do things that they need to do through language.2. The ship’s exterior lights cut lovely shafts through these depths (of the sea), yet even as I admired about the beauty, there seemed something odd about the sight.B. 冠词的多用1. Mr. Harold Black, the president of the union, will give a speech next Friday.2. Slum dwellers usually live in the huts, which are built of anything that’s available.3. So when we talk about the white or the colored, we are apt to imply and to believe that each adjective tells us more about the person in the question than it can.C. 代词的多用1. They believed that they could introduce into politics the note of honesty and human concern that American seemed to need it so badly.2. There seemed something odd about the sight, something lonely that I couldn’t initially explain it.D. 词的赘述1. His work is more perfect.2. He is more superior to you in every aspect.2．句法错误(1) 主谓一致错误1. The president of the college, together with the deans, are planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.2. Nevertheless we teach students to do and say things with language, which is fundamentally insignificant to them as persons, and consequently they say these things formally and impersonally.3. 80% of all human illnesses is related to diet.(2) 时态错误1. E. Wilson (1996) reported that positive rein for cement alone is a less effective teaching technique than a mixture of positive rein for cement and constructive criticism.2. Tolemy taught that the sun revolves around the earth.(3) 语态错误1. The fact that sleep is essential to life has known for hundreds of years.2. During the latter part of last century the roads were fully capable of meeting all demands made on them by the horse-drawn traffic for which they built.(4) 语气错误1. In part, technology has caused the population explosion; many of us won’t now be alive if it weren’t for advances in medical care, agriculture and industry.2. We strongly suggest that Smith is told about his physical condition as soon as possible.(5) 平行结构错误A. 并列连词引导的平行结构中的错误1. At Lincoln High School, vandalism can result in suspension or even being expelled from school.2. Many states are reducing property taxes for homeowners and extend financial aid in the form of tax credits to renters.B. 关联词引导的平行结构中的错误1. The shutters were not only too long but also were too wide.2. I was advised either to change my flight or take the train.C. 比较连词引导的平行结构中的错误1. It is easier to speak in abstractions than grounding one’s thoughts in reality.2. He couldn’t persuade me that giving is as much a joy as to receive.D. 选择连词引导的平行结构中的错误1. I believe it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.2. I decide to write rather than telephone.3. I would rather stay at home than go for a walk.4. I always prefer starting early, rather than leaving everything to the last minute.(6) 其他形式的句子结构错误A. 混淆限定定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别1. The bridge was destroyed by the flood, that made it impossible for people to cross the river.2. By 1914 women had the right to vote in 11 states, and their efforts were crowned with final success in the 19th Amendment to the constitution, that was ratified in 1920.B. 混淆单句与独立结构的差别1. Tome soon appeared again, his blue eyes bore no trace of the agony that had earlier filled them.C. 分词使用错误1. Some grammarians have called grammatical words “empty” words as opposed to the “full” words of vocabulary. This is rather a misled way of expressing the distinction.2. The tribes consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing with animal foods.3．逻辑错误(1) 逻辑前后矛盾(2) 逻辑混乱附件1.His urge to go is held in check by his desire not be rude to his guest.(97)2.Frequently, committees rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigativehearings (04)3.The rise in tuitions may reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the demand foreducation.(05)4.… serves to emphasize on the fundamental difference between these noises and languageproper.(07)5.…practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours per every day thanwe ever have to spend learning even our difficult English spelling. (02)6.When a human infant is born into any community in any part of the world it has twothings in common with any other infant, provided neither of them have been damaged in any way either before or during birth. (98)7.The English speaker has at his disposal a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules whichenables him to communicate his thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English speakers.(06)8.We begin the “natural” learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read orwrite, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more hours (02)9.For this reason, biologists now suggest that language be “species specific” to the humanrace.(98)10.… to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. (04)11.Each of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words and meaning aswell as agreed conventions as to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular message (06)12.…after more than a hundred years of a steady decline, producing the “baby boom”（03）13.It is often said, of course, that the language originated in cries of anger, fear, pain andpleasure, but the necessary evidence is entirely lacking;.. (07)14.Most committee hearings are open to public and are reported widely in the mass media.(04)15.The biggest cost of being in the school is foregoing income from a job (05)16.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal government appointed a boardof grain supervisors to deal with deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. (01)17.They quickly brought down the age at marriage for both men and women and brought thebirth rate to a twentieth century height after more than. (03)18.His politeness glues his body to the chair and refuses to let him raise.(97)19.… there is a sharp difference in meaning between “man is vile” and “the man is veil”,yet the is the single vehicle of this difference in meaning. (00)20.It had happened too often that they sold their wheat shortly after harvest when farm debtswere coming due, just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. (01)21.… and it often comes as a shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves.(02)22.…their marriages remained intact to a greater extent than did that of couples who marriedin earlier as well as later decades. (03)23.There are important corollaries to the investigative power. One is the power to publicizeinvestigations and its results.(04)24.A business firm chooses the price that maximizes its net revenues, irrespective offluctuations in income; and increasingly the outlook of universities in the United States is indistinguishable from those of business firms.25.This is “natural”, therefore ,that our speech-sounds should be those of our immediatecircle; (02)26.…our handwriting is something which we almost always know. (02)27.As we know, life would only be possible on the surface of a planet had temperaturessomewhere with this range.(96)28.The ways which universities make themselves attractive to students include soft majors,students evaluations of teachers, (05)29...sometimes for weeks or even months after birth, compared with the human infant theyvery quickly grow the capacity to fend for them.(98）30.… whereas language proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learntand that are wholly conventional.（07）31.…they consider the human infant to be genetic programmed in such a way that it canacquire language. (02)32.The marketing of wheat became an increasing favorite topic of conversation.(01)33.From the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at ayounger age than their European counterparts. (03)34.His vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses actively and that which herecognizes, increases in size as he grows old, as a result of education and experience.(06) 35.…there are no remote tribes, no ancient records, providing evidence of a language with alarge proportion of such cries than we find in English. (07)36.… the poor one’s job prospects, the more sense it makes to reallocate time from the jobmarket to education, in order to make oneself more marketable.(05)37.And these are among most striking of human achievements. (06)38.…our prehistoric human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementingwith animals foods.（99）39.There is no material in any language today or in the earliest records of ancient languageshow us language in a new and emerging state. (07)40.Although young animals are certainly in risk, sometimes for weeks or even monthsafterbirth.41.An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 edible calories, (99)42.… the temporary decline in divorce did not occur in the same extent in Europe.(03)43.Plant foods provide for 60 percent of the Kung diet.（99）44.…outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings and to make out detailedstudies of issues. (04)45.If he did not care of his guest’s feelings, he would simply get up out of his chair andannounce his departure.(97)rge numbers of us, in fact, remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what ourspeech sounds like when we speak, (04)47.It is true that the absence of such evidence does not disprove the theory, but in othergrounds too the theory is not very attractive. (07)48.People of all races and languages make rather similar noises in return to pain orpleasure.(07)49.Apart from a powerful capacity to pay attention to their helplessness by using sound, thereis nothing the new born child can do to ensure his own survival.(98)50.This is what his body wants to do, therefore his politeness glues his body to the chair andrefuses to let him rise.(97)51.Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, so farmers could not wait for markers toimprove. (01)52.One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt “naturally” and unconsciously, and orthographyis learnt deliberately and consciously. (02)53.There is no material in any language today and in the earliest records of ancientlanguages (07)54.Less noted but more significant, the men and women who formed families between 1940and 1960 nevertheless reduced the divorce rate after a postwar peak; (03)一．可数名词与不可数名词beauty-a beauty paper- a paper necessity-a necessityyouth-a youth antuority-an authority power-a powerantuority-an authority ice-an ice iron-an ironinterest – an interest二．名词的复数形式1.特殊名词的复数形式Sis为sesanalysis-analyses basis-bases crisis-crises diagnosis-diagnoses-um为—abacterium-bacteria datum-data curriulum-curruicula medium-media-on为-acriterion-criteria phenomenon-phenomena-us为-istimulus-stimuli nucleus-nuclei-a 为-aeantenna-antennae (天线) formula-formulae-ix 为icesappdenix-appendices (附录)2. 单复同形词：Chinese, Japanese, deer, fish, sheep, headquarters, means, series, species.3. 单数的集合名词：merchandise, machinery, foliage, equipment, furniture.4. 复数的集合名词:police, cattle, people, vermin, poultry三．易混淆的词1.部分近形异义词adapt-adopt affect-effect confirm-conform contact-contract beside-besidesformer-formal moral-morale diary-dairy industrious-industrial personal-personnel desert-dessertpersonal-personnel desert-dessert intelligent-intelligible principal-principle conscious-conscientious stationary-stationeryconsiderate-considerable2. 部分近形近义词late-later farther-further healthy-healthfu effective-efficient latter-lately continual-continuous respectable-respectful historic-historical rise-arise-raise-arouse sure-insure-ensure-assure-surely3.兼有两种形式的副词。

专八改错十年总结

近义错误

There is a sharp difference in meaning between “man is vile” and “ the man is vile”, yet the is the single vehicle of the difference in meaning. We certainly do create a great number of obscurity when we omit them.

Most committee hearings are open to the public and are reported widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues.
冠词错误

In the general, it passes. the English speaker has at his disposal vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules which enable him to communicate his thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English speakers. And these are among most striking of human achievements.

英语专业八级改错与校对练习学生讲义

改错与校对练习PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTIONPassage OneIt is very difficult imagine an educational system which transmits values1.______seriously in conflict with that of the government and the state, or which 2.______contributes nothing to training young people for their future adult work-roles. However, educational systems are often only partial successful. This is partly3.______because people have different views of what elements of culture ( norms andvalues) should be stressed on, and what skills are useful. Such disagreement has4.______a fundamental basis in social structure of modem Britain because there is often 5.______a contradiction among the two functions of socialization and training. This is 6.______because the two functions are not easily separate in practice. The norms and 7.______values transmitted to any group of children have to be somehow relating to the 8.______kinds of skills they taught. The culture of the aristocracy is not the same as 9. ______that of working-class neighborhoods in the inner cities. Similarly, training fordifferent sorts of work need to be different: to be proficient in Latin is not10.______useful to the shop assistant, just as expertise in woodwork is irrelevant to a university teacher.Passage TwoAs people live in a fast-moving world where tensions build up,die effects of long-distance miming are uplifting.Each hill is approached as a positive challenge, causing the runnerto grow strongly with each stride and leading him to tranquility and harmony. 1.______Long-distance running that helps a person to forget pressure on family 2. ______ problems as well as job related annoyances. An example comes quickly in 3. ______ mind. One day I had a really terrible fight with my landlady over some foolishincident. I screamed and yelled at her but she very nearly threw me out. A few4.______minutes later, I set for my daily run. By the end of the first mile, the argument 5. ______seemed like the bad dream. At the end of the fourth mile, I was 6. ______ full with feelings of remorse and forgiveness towards the landlady. I saw how 7.______ unreasonable I have been, I stopped at the local flower shop and bought my8.______landlady a beautiful rose. which I immediately gave her I stepped inside the 9.______house. Running has that kind of effect on most runners. It makes us feelpositive and serene. Incorporating long-distance running into a daily routinewill significantly change a runner's life. I do not know whether it comes fromfollowing a strict routine the improved physical condition of the runner. 10._____But I do know that people quickly become addicted to the sport.Passage ThreeWhat is drug? Most of people probably think there’s a perfect simple 1._____answer to this question. In fact, if one carries a quick survey on any street corner,one finds (hat, according to vast majority of people, there are two groups 2. _____ of drugs: those prescribed by doctors, and those people take for non-medicaluse. As medicine and medical profession are generally self-respectful, there 3.______aren't any objections to the use of prescribed drugs. What moat people don’trealize is (hat when prescribed drugs are usually beneficial, they can also 4.______present a serious problem. There were many people addicted by tranquillizers 5.______before doctors began to prescribe them: now there being literally millions who 6.______depend on (hem. An acceptance of the use of drugs for non-medical reasons islargely a matter of a culture. Some Eastern people think the use of alcohol with7.______horror, mainly as a result of religious upbringing. However, these similar 8. ______ people freely use marijuana without a second thought, and this, in turn, isn’taccepted in Western culture which accepts alcohol. In most Western societies, the 9.______tea- or coffee-break' s now a part of the life, And huge quantities of these drinks10. _______are consumed daily.Passage FourIn a competitive and fast-paced modem society, busy businessexecutives are so engrossing in (heir work that they hardly know what 1.______the word 'leisure" means. The higher an executive’s position is on thebusiness ladder, the more hours he spends on his work. With a view togaining greater corporate standing or a big pay rise, he, as a rule, far 2. _____exceeds over the 40-hour working week. 3. _____ The additional stress and tension as well as the shortage of suitable 4._____rest and recreation very often have a disastrous effect on his health. Fewsuch executives realize that unless they learn how to relax, they will soonrun of steam before they get to the top of the executive ladder. A noted 5.______American authority on leisure has said that “The key to relaxation to busy 6.______executives is to avoid the types of activities that are part and parcel oftheir daily work and to devote themselves totally to have recreational 7.______pursuits for at least a part of each day, even it is only for half an hour. 8. _____Those jobs require a great deal of contact with others can engage in activities 9. ____that are quiet and peaceful ― far from the madding crowd, far from client 10. _____ and business associates.”Passage FiveAir quality in Britain has improved considerably in the last 30 years.Total emissions of smoke in the air have risen by over 85 per cent since 1._____1950. The domestic smoking control program has been particularly 2. _____ important in achieving this result. London and other major cities nolonger have the dense smoke-laden “smogs” of the 1950s but in central 3.______London winter sunshine has increased by about 70 per cent since 1958.Since 1990, everyday air pollution data from the British Monitoringnetwork has made available to the public by the Department of theEnvironment’s Air Quantity Bulletins. These concentrated three main 4. ______ pollutants-ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide — end gradeair quality on a scale between “very weak” and “very good”. The 5.______information features in television and radio weather reports appears 6.______in many national and Local newspapers. Therefore, 7. ______the data are also available on the special free telephone number and on 8. ______ video text Systems. A comprehensive review of the issue of urbanized air 9. ______ quality was announced in January 1992, Three independent committees ofexperts have been established to advise on different aspects of the problem,and will set guidelines and targets for air quality. The network will also being10. ______extended and upgraded at a cost of million.Passage sixThe amazing success of humans as a species is the resultof the evolutionary development of our brains which hastened totool-using, tool-making, the ability to solve problems by logicalreasoning, thoughtful cooperation, and language. One of the moststriking ways in that chimpanzees biologically resemble humans 1. _____ lies in the structure of their trains. The chimpanzee, with thecapacity for primitive reasoning, exhibits a type of intelligence like2. _____that of humans than does any, other mammal living today. The brainof the modem chimpanzee is probably not too dissimilar to the brainthat so many millions of years ago direct the behavior of the first ape3. _____man.In a long time, the fact that prehistoric people made tools was 4._____considered to be one of the major criterion distinguishing them from 5._____other creatures. It is true that the chimpanzee does not fashion tools to“a regular and set pattern” but then, prehistoric people, after their6. _____development of stone tools.Undoubtedly poked around with sticks and straws, at whichstage it seems unlikely that they made tools to a set pattern too. 7._____It is because the close association in most people’s minds of 8._____tools with humans that special attention has always been focused uponany animal able to use an objective as a tool; but it is important to realize9. _____that this ability, on its own, does not necessarily indicate any special intelligence in the creature concerning. 10._____Passage sevenDuring the traditional wedding ceremony, the bridal couplepromises each other lifelong devotion. Yet, about one out of four 1. _____ American marriages ends in divorce. Since 1940, the divorce ratehas more than doubled, and experts predict that, of all marriagesthat occured in the 1970s, about 50% will end in divorce, The USA 2. _____ is one of the highest divorce rates in the world, perhaps even the highest.3. _____What goes wrong? That fact that divorce is so common in theUnited States does not mean that Americans consider marriage a casual, unimportant relationship. Just opposite is true. Americans expect a 4._____great deal from marriage. They seek physical, emotional, andintellectual compatibility. They want to be loved deep and understood. 5.______It is because Americans expect so much from marriage that so manyget divorce. They prefer no marriage at all to a marriage without love 6. ______and understanding. With typical American optimist, they end one 7.______marriage in the hope of that the next will be happier. With no-fault 8. ______divorce laws in many states, It is easier than never to get a divorce.9. ______Some American Women stay in unhappy marriages because they donot have the education or job experience to support themselves andtheir children. But most American women believe that, if necessary,they can make it lonely without a husband. All things considered, 10. _____Americans have little reason to continue an unhappy marriage.Passage eightThe world is in a self-destruction mode. By this statementI mean that the people of the world are bent on making this planet inhabitable in three distinct ways. Furthermore, these three ways 1.______are all interrelated and related directly to industrialization.The first of three is through pollution to the air, the water, 2. ______or the soil. Industrialization has meant toxic fumes in the atmo- 3. ______sphere and poisonous substances in the water and in the soil.Industry has also been responsible to noise and visual pollution:the roar of machinery and the ugliness of factories and cheap housing developments ... these factors take the joy outside of natural4. ______surroundings for human beings.However, the balance of nature has been upset. To feed the 5.______hungry factories, huge forests have been leveled, mountains havestripped of their protection ... The results are farther-reaching 6. ______as we can know. 7. ______ The third and the most acute of the problem is the psycho- 8.logical effect on people of increased competition and hard economictimes. The reasons that people give for political unrest might be reasonsof belief or religion, but I believe that it is the desire of people to improve their standard of life that ultimately causes was. Because of the 9.______industrialization, much of the beauty and the simplicity of life is away. 10._____Passage nineThe ordinary family in colonial North America was primarilyconcerned with sheer physical survival and beyond that, its owneconomic prosperity. Thus, Children were valued in the terms of 1.______their productivity, and they assumed the role of producer quite early.Until they fulfilled this role, his position in the structure of the family2. ______was one of subordination, and their psychological needs andcapacities received much consideration. 3. ______ As the society became more complex, the status of childrenin the family and in the society become, each member must fulfill the 4.______number of personal and occupational role and be in constant contact 5.______with a great many other members. Consequently, viewing childrenpotentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted members of society 6.______means that they are regarded more as people in their own right so as 7.______utilitarian organisms. This acceptance of children as equal participantsin the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutesprotecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively in their well-being. 8.______This new view of children and the increasing contact betweenthe members of society has also resulted in a surge of interest inchild-rearing technique. People today spend a considerable portion oftheir time discussing the proper way to bring about children, It is now 9.possible to influence the details of the socialization of another person'schild in spreading the gospel of current and fashionable theories and10. _____methods of child rearing.Passage tenAdvertising is a form of mass selling, and it is employed whenthe use of direct, person-to-person selling is practical, impossible, or1.simply inefficient. It is to be distinguished from other activities andits aim intended to persuade the public. Advertising techniques ranges 2. complexly from the publishing of simple, straightforward noticesin the classified-advertising columns of newspapers to the concerted use 3. newspapers, magazines, television, radio, direct mail, and othercommunications media in the course of a single advertising campaign.From its simple beginnings in ancient times, advertising have turned 4. into a worldwide industry. In the U.S. alone in the late 1980s,approximately $120 billion was spent in a single year to advertising 5. to influence the purchase of commodities and services.Advertising falls into two main categories; consumer advertising,directed to the final purchaser, and trade advertising, in which theappeal is made to dealers on through trade journals and other media. 6.Both consumer and trade advertising employ many specializedtypes of commercial persuasion. A relatively minor, except important, 7. form of advertising is institutional advertising, which is designed mainlyto build prestige and public respect for particular business concerns asimportant institutions. Each year millions of dollars is spent on 8. institutional advertising.Another minor, but increasingly popular, form of advertising iscooperation advertising. For example, makers of milk, of pie, and of 9. sausages sometime jointly advertise this combination as an ideal 10. cold-weather breakfast.Passage elevenLike all animal species, plant species must spread their offspringto suitable areas where they can grow and pass on their parent's genes. 1. Young animals generally spread by walking or flying. Because plantsdon't have that ability, they may somehow hitchhike. Some plant seeds 2.scatter by blowing in the wind or floating on water. Many other plantspecies, though, trick an animal into carrying their seeds. How do theydo? They enclose them within a tasty fruit and advertise the fruit'sripeness by its color or smell. The hungry animal collects and swallowsthe fruit, walks or flies off, but later spits out the seeds somewhere far3.from its parent tree. Seeds can thereby be carried thousands of miles.4.It may surprise you to learn that plant seeds can resist digestion. In fact,some seeds actually require passage through an animal's body beforethey can grow.Wild strawberries offer a good example of hitchhiking tactic. 5. When strawberry seeds arc still young and not yet ready to be planted,the surrounding fruit is green, sour, and hard. When the seeds final 6. mature, the berries turn red, sweet, and tender, The change in the berries'color serves as a signal to birds which then eat the strawberries, fly off,and eventually spit out the seeds.Naturally, strawberry plants doesn't set out with a conscious 7. intent of attracting birds only when their seeds were ready to bedispersed away. Nor did birds set out with the intent of plant straw- 8. berries. Rather, strawberry plants evolved through natural selection.The sweeter and reder the final strawberry, the more birds spread 9. its ripe seeds; the greener and more sour the young strawberry, thebirds destroyed the seeds by eating berries before the seeds were ready. 10.Passage TwelveCheese, nutritious food made from the milk of cows and othermammals, including sheeps, goats, buffalo, reindeer, camels, and mares. 1. Cheese is one of the world's oldest food products ― for thousands ofyears, people have been raised animals for milk, turning their surplus2.milk into cheese. More than 400 varieties of cheese existing, making it 3. one of the most general foods in the world. Cheese comes in hundredsof different shapes, sizes, flavors, and is used in as many different ways.Enjoyed with bread, crackers, and fruit, used as an ingredient in cookedfoods, and mixed with salads and flour, cheese is a healthy food all over 4. the world. Cheese is a concentrated resource of almost all the valuable 5. nutrients found in milk, such as protein, vitamins, and minerals, as wellas the less desirable fat and cholesterol, substances that may lead tohealth problems when consumed in excess. The fat content in cheesevaries depending the milk used. Cheese made with whole milk, or milk 6. enriched with cream, has the lowest amount of fat, cholesterol, and 7. calories. Cheese made with skim milk has the lowest. Because its high 8. protein and calcium content, cheese in moderation is an importantcomponent of a balanced diet It is an especially good source of proteinfor children, which growing bodies require higher amounts of protein 9. than adults. Many vegetarians, who do not eat meat, rely to cheese as a 10. source of protein in their diets.Passage thirteenBegun in the late 1960s by Pentagon weapons researches as asystem for easing communication between computers in disparateelectric networks, the Internet has evolved into a popular vehicle for1.scientific research, communication, entertainment, and more. It linkstogether thousands of computer networks such as those belonging tocorporations, commercial services, universities, and research centers,joining them as branches on a tree to larger networks known as 2. backbones. Once a computer is on-line, that is, connected by modemor networking equipment of the Internet, the user can search through 3. data banks for documents, chat with other computer users, or instant 4. send opinions and observations to the likes of President Bill Clinton,film critic Roger Ebert, or rocker Billy Idol (just to name a few).No central governing body runs the Internet, and nobody hasan exact census of users. But estimates of the number already range 5. from around 10 million to as high as 5 million. Well over 10,000separated computer networks are connected by the Internet, and 6. total traffic was expected to double during 1993.Today, the Internet is free resources and commercial servicesthat provide databases and computer files with a fee. Publishers are 7. seeking to make books and periodicals available on the Internet as aprofit-making adventure. Meanwhile, works in the public domain 8. have begun appearing on the Internet for users to “upload” to their9.computers virtually free of charge. With electronic access to data fromall over the world, scholarly research that in the past would haverequired months of travel could now be done at one's desk. 10.Passage fourteenWater is the oldest form of transport. The original sailed vessels 1. were replaced by steamboats in the early 1800s and by diesel power inthe 1920s. A distinct is generally made between deep-water and navigable 2. inland water transport-Domestic commerce center on the Great Lakes, 3. canals, and navigable rivers.The exact miles of improved waterways in operation dependin partly on whether coastwise and intercoastal shipping are included 4.The main advantage of water transport is capacity to move 5. extremely large shipments. Deep-water vessels are restricted inoperation, but diesel-towing barges have a fair-degree of flexibility.6.In comparison to rail and highway, water transport ranks in the middlewith respect to fixed cost. The fixed cost of operation is more greater 7. than that of motor carriers but less than that of railroads. The maindisadvantage of water is the unlimited degree of flexibility and the 8. low speeds of transport. Although the source and destination of the 9. movement are adjacent to a waterway, supplemental haul by rail ortruck is required. The capability of water to transport large tonnageat low various cost places this mode of transport in demand when 10. low freight rates are desired and speed of transit is a secondary consideration.Passage fifteenBefore considering this question it is interesting to reviewbriefly the evolution of the mind as the instrument. The commonest 1.way that has been used to find out the relative intellectual level ofcreatures at different stage of evolutionary complexity has been to study2.the way they behave when giving different kinds of puzzles. For example, 3. an ant possesses a complex routine of behavior, but can it think?The answer is what if an ant is forced to go through a maze of 4. passages, many of which are dead ends, on its way to its nestle, it starts5.by making a lot of mistakes and taking a great many wrong turnings.In the end, however, after it has to worry its way through often enough, 6. it does learn to get to its nest without going into any of the blind alleys.As one moves up the evolutionary scale the test of mind-power 7.exemplified by solving the problem of getting through a maze becomesvery simple. Among mammals, for example, the maze is an inadequate 8. test. The learning problem does not tax enough attributes of the mind.In this sort of learning, as a matter of fact, rats can hit university9.undergraduates and have, in fact, repeatedly done so. The next, moresubtle test of mental ability is to see what level an animal can think10.about something when it is not there.Passage sixteenIf it were only necessary to decide whether to teach elementaryscience to everyone on a mess basis or to find the gifted few and take 1. them as far as they can go, our task would be fairly simple. The publicschool system, moreover, has no such choice, for the two jobs must be 2. carried on at the same time. Because we depend so heavily upon scienceand technology for our progress, we must produce specialist in many 3. fields. Because we live in a democratic nation, whose citizens make thepolicies for the country, large numbers of us must be educated to 4. understand, to support, and when necessary, judge the work of experts. 5. The public school must educate for both producers and users of scientificservices. In education there should be a good balance among the branchesof knowledge that attribute to effective thinking and wise judgment such 6. balance is defeated by too much emphasis on any one field. This questionof balance involves not only the relation of the natural sciences, the social sciences, and the arts but also relative emphases between the natural7.sciences themselves. By contrast, we must have a balance between the 8. current and classical knowledge. The attention of the public iscontinuously drawn to new possibilities in scientific fields and the 9. discovery of new knowledge; these should not be allowed to turn ourattention from the sound, established materials that form the basis of10.courses for beginners.Passage seventeenThe world’s population continues to grow. There now are about4 billion of us on earth. That could reach 6 billion by the end of thecentury and 11 billion in a farther 75 years. 1.Experts have long been concerned about such a growth.Where will we find the food, water, works, houses, schools and 2. health care for all these people?A major new study shows that the situation may be changing.A large and rapid drop in the world’s birth rate have taken place3.during the past 10 years. Families generally are smaller now thanthey were a few years ago. It is happened in both developing and 4. industrial nations.Researchers said they found a number of reasons for this,More men and women are waiting more longer to get married and 5.are using birth control devices and methods to prevent and delay 6. pregnancy. More women are going to school or working at jobsaway from home instead having children. 7.And more governments, especially in developing nations, nowsupport family planned programs to reduce population growth, China 8.is one of the nations that has made great program in reducing its 9. population growth. China has already cut off its rate of population 10. growth by about one half since 1970.Passage eighteenBeyond puppyhood, retraining an aggressive dog often is atough job, and it doesn’t always work. You may need professionaladvice. Contract your veterinarian, who might refer you to a trainer 1. or behaviorist. If after retraining, your dog continues to scare people,considering whether the kindest and safest action is to put the dog to2.sleep.Every pet owner, and every family with children, need to take 3. seriously of the risk of dog bites. Ask the Bogers. It's been more than4.one year since five-year-old Megan began to raise her pet. The scars 5. around her eye and the wound on one side of her mouth have fadedalmost to nothing, and the memory of the attack by her pet lingers. 6. “She’s very hesitant around all dogs,” reports her mom, “I’m more so.”They have taught Megan and their another children to approach dogs 7. slowly, and hold up a hand to be sniffed before getting closer. 8.The family was requiring by law to keep the dog contained for 9.d ten days, to be sure it didn't carry rabies. Then the Bogers gave it toa family friend ― one with children. Now they have it back, but 10.he's carefully supervised.Passage nineteenWhen I was about 11, I inherited my older brother's paper route.It was a good job, though it means waking up at the crack of dawn 1.and hopping on my bike in Rockford, to deliver papers.Punctuality was critic. People expected the paper on their front 2. porch by 6 a.m. If I ran late, they would be standing in their doorwaysand I would infinitely hear about it. On the other hand, doing the job3.professionally often resulted in much-appreciated tips.Ever since then, I have tried to do as professional a job as 4. possible-whether it be bagging groceries, painting houses or tarringroofs. Acting is not different. I believe if you work hard and behavelike a pro, it will pay back, and you will be offered more and better roles. 5.This means giving your all. If a scene requires another characterto react to jumping into the water, I will jump in as many times as it6.takes to help him and the director get the shot. Several years ago,while filmed a movie in the mountains of Brazil, my fellow actors 7.and I all pitched in to help the screw move heavy equipment through 8. rugged jungle. Acting is a job like any other, and you can't let it go toyour head. The thing that made a difference delivering papers 9.being thorough, punctual, doing your best-also count on the movie set.And I still have to woken up at the crack of dawn. 10.Passage twentyJimmy Lee was executed in Parchment, Miss. He was amurder. In Mississippi, killers are executed by strapping them 1.______into a chair and dropped cyanide crystals into a pan of water. 2.______This is supposed to do the job quickly and with a maximum 3. ______of suffering. However, this was not the case of Jimmy Lee. He 4.______moaned and convulsed and thrashed about everywhere for several 5.。

英语专业八级改错真题及答案持续更新部分详解文字答案校对

1995-2017年英语专业八级改错真题及答案（文字/答案校对版）2017年改错真题The ability to communicate is the primary factor that distinguishes humanbeings from animals. And it is the ability to communicate well which 1.________ distinguishes one individual from another.The fact is that apart from the basic necessities, one needs tobe equipped with habits for good communication skills, thus this is 2.________what will make one a happy and successful social being.In order to develop these habits, one needs to first acknowledgethe fact that they need to improve communication skills from time to time.They need to take stock of the way how they interact and the direction 3.________in which their work and personal relations are going. The only constantin life is change, the more one accepts one’s strengths and works 4._______towards dealing with their shortcomings, specially in the area of 5.________ communication skills, the better will be their interactions andthe more their social popularity.The dominated question that comes here is: How to improve 6.________ communication skills? The answer is simple. One can findplenty of literature on this. There are also experts, who conductworkshops and seminars based on communication skills of menand women. In fact, a large number of companies are bringing intrainers to regularly make sessions on the subject, in order to 7.________help their work force maintain better interpersonal work relations.Today effective communication skills have become a predominantfactor even while recruiting employees. While interviewing candidates,most interviewers judge them on the basis of the skills they communicate with.They believe that some skills can be improvised on the job; but ability to 8.________ communicate well is important, as every employee becomes therepresenting face of the company.There are trainers, who specialized in delivering custom-made 9._______ programs on the subject. Through the sessions they not only facilitatebetter communication skills in the workplace, but also look intothe problems in the manner of being able to convey messages effectively. 10._______2016年改错真题All social units develop a culture. Even in two-person relationships,a culture develops in time. In friendship and romantic relationships, 1._________for example, partners develop their own history, shared experiences,language patterns, habits, and customs give that relationship a special 2._________ character—a character that differs it in various ways from 3._________other relationships. Examples might include special dates, places,songs, or events that come to have a unique andimportant symbolic meaning for the two individuals. Thus, any 4._________social unit—whether a relationship, group, organization, orsociety—develops a culture with the passage of time.While the defining characteristics of each culture are unique,all cultures share certain same functions. The relationship between 5.__________ communication and culture is a very complex intimate one. 6.__________Cultures are created through communication; that is, communication isthe means of human interaction, through it cultural characteristics 7.__________are created and shared. It is not so much that individuals set out to create a culture when they interact in relationships, groups, organizations, or societies,but rather than that cultures are a natural by-product of social interaction.8._________In a sense, cultures are the “residue” of social communication.Without communication and communication media, it would be impossible tohave and pass along cultural characteristics from one place and time to 9.__________ another. One can say, furthermore, that culture is created, shaped, 10._________ transmitted, and learned through communication.2015年改错真题When?I?was?in?my?early?teens,?I?was?taken?to?a?spectacular?show?on?ice?by?the?mother?of?a?friend.?Looked?round?at?the?luxury?of?the 1. ________ rink,?my?friend’s?mother?remarked?on?the?“plush”?seats?we?had?been?given.?I?did?not?know?what?she?meant,?and?being?proud?of?my2.______ __??vocabulary,?I?tried?to?infer?its?meaning?from?the?context.?“Plush”?was?clearly?intended?as?a?complimentary,?a?positive?evaluation;?that3. ________?? much?I?could?tell?it?from?the?tone?of?voice?and?the?context.?So?I4.?______ __?started?to?use?the?word.?Yes,?I?replied,?they?certainly?are?plush,?and?so?are?the?ice?rink?and?the?costumes?of?the?skaters,?aren’t?they??My?friend’s?mother?was?very?polite?to?correct?me,?but?I?could?tell?from?her5. ________?? expression?that?I?had?not?got?the?word?quite?right.?Often?we?can?indeed?infer?from?the?context?what?a?word?roughly?means,?and?that?is?in?fact?the?way?which?we?usually?acquire?both6.?_______ _?new?words?and?new?meanings?for?familiar?words,?specially?in?our7.?________? own?first?language.?But?sometimes?we?need?to?ask,?as?I?should?have?asked?for?plush,?and?this?is?particularly?true?in?the 8.__ ______aspect?of?a?foreign?language.?If?you?are?continually?surrounded?by9________ speakers?of?the?language?you?are?learning,?you?can?ask?them?directly,??but?often?this?opportunity?does?not?exist?for?the?learner?of?English.?So?dictionaries?have?been?developed?to?mend?the?gap.10.?____ _____2014年改错真题There is widespread consensus among scholars that second languageacquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s toearly 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions1.__________ have?possessed?the?most?attention?of?researchers?in?this?area:? 2.__________◆Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language3.__________◆What is the explanation for the fact adults have 4.__________ more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?◆What motivates people to acquire additional languages?◆What is the role of the language teaching in the 5.___________acquisition of an additional language?◆What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all6.__________the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do 7.___________so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additionallanguage, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under8.___________ focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of anindividual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning9.___________or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers.? 10.___________2013年改错真题Psycho-linguistics?is?the?name?given?to?the?study?of?the?psychological?processes??invol ved?in?language.?Psycholinguistics?study?understanding,??production?and?remembering?language,?and?hence?are?concerned? 1.__________with ?listening,?reading,?speaking,?writing,?and?memory?for?language.?One?reason?why?we?take?the?language?for?granted?is?that?it?usually 2.__________ happens?so?effortlessly,?and?most?of?time,?so?accurately. 3.__________? Indeed,?when?you?listen?to?someone?to?speaking,?or?looking?at?this?page,??4.________ younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.It?is?only?in?exceptional??circumstances?we?might??become?aware?of?5._________ the?complexity?involved:?if?we?are?searching?for?a?word?but?cannot?remember?it;??if?a?relative?or?colleague?has?had?a?stroke?which?has? 6._________ influenced??their?language;?if?we?observe?a?child?acquire?language;? 7._________if??we?try?to?learn?a?second?language?ourselves?as?an?adult;?or??if?we?are?visually?impaired?or?hearing-impaired?or?if?we?meet?anyone?else? 8._________ who?is.?As?we?shall?see,?all?these?examples of?what?might?be?called?“language?in?exceptional?circumstances”??reveal?a?great?deal?about?the processesevolvedinspeaking, listening,writingandreading.But 9.__________ given?that?language?processes??were?normally?so?automatic,?we?also? 10.__________ need?to?carry?out?careful?experiments?to?get?at?what?is?happening.??2012年改错真题The?central?problem?of?translating?has?always?been?whether?to?translate?literally?or?freely.?The?argument?has?been?going?since?at?least? 1.__________ the?first?century?B.C.?Up?to?the?beginning?of?the?19th?century,?many?writers?favored?certain?kind?of?“free”?translation:?t he?spirit,?not?the? 2.__________ letter;?the?sense?not?the?word;?the?message?rather?the?form;?the?matter? 3.__________ not?the?manner.?This?is?the?often?revolutionary?slogan?of?writers?who? 4.___________ wanted?the?truth?to?be?read?and?understood.?Then?in?the?turn?of? 5.___________19th?century,?when?the?study?of?cultural?anthropology?suggested?that?the?linguistic?barriers?were?insuperable?and?that?the?language?was? 6.__________ entirely?the?product?of?culture,?the?view?translation?was?impossible? 7.__________? gained?some?currency,?and?with?it?that,?if?was?attempted?at?all,?it?must? 8.__________ be?as literal?as?possible.?This?view?culminated?the?statement?of?the? 9._________? extreme?“literalists”?Walter?Benjamin?and?Vladimir?Nobokov.The?argument?was?theoretical:?the?purpose?of?the?translation,?the?nature?of?the?readership,?the?type?of?the?text,?was?not?discussed.?Too?often,?writer, translator?and?reader?were?implicitly?identified?with?each?other.?Now,?the?context?has?changed,?and?the?basic?problem?remains.? 10.?_________ 2011年改错真题From a very early age, perhaps the age of five or six, Iknew that when I grew I should be a writer. Between the ages 1._____________of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to abandon thisidea, but I did so with the conscience that I was outraging my 2._____________true nature and that soon or later I should have to settle down 3._____________and write books.I was the child of three, but there was a gap offive years on either side, and I barely saw my father 4._____________before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhatlonely, and I soon developed disagreeing mannerisms which 5._____________made me unpopular throughout my schooldays. I had thelonely child's habit of making up stories and holdingconversations with imaginative persons, and I think from the 6._____________very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling 7._____________of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facilitywith words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, and I 8._____________felt that this created a sort of private world which I could get 9._____________my own back for my failure in everyday life. Therefore, the 10.____________volume of serious — i.e. seriously intended —writing whichI produced all through my childhood and boyhood would notamount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poemat the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation.2010年改错真题So?far?as?we?can?tell,?all?human?languages?are?equally??complete?and?perfect?as?instruments?of?communication:?that?is,??every?language?appears?to?be?well?equipped?as?any?other?to?say1____________ the?things?their?speakers?want?to?say.2____________There?may?or?may?not?be?appropriate?to?talk?about?primitive3_____________peo ples?or?cultures,?but?that?is?another?matter.?Certainly,?not?all??groups?of?people?are?equally?competent?in?nuclear?physics?or??psychology?or?the?cultivation?of?rice?.?Whereas?this?is?not?the4____________ fault?of?their?language.?The?Eskimos?,?it?is?said,?can?speak?about?snow?with?further?more?precision?and?subtlety?than?we?can?in5_____________ English,?but?this?is?not?because?the?Eskimo?language?(one?of?those??sometimes?miscalled?'primitive')?is?inherently?more?precise?and??subtle?than?English.?This?example?does?not?come?to?light?a?defect6____________ in?English,?a?show?of?unexpected?'primitiveness'.?The?position?is?simply?and?obviously?that?the?Eskimos?and?the?English?live?in?similar??7___________ environments.?The?English?language?will?be?just?as?rich?in?terms8____________ for?different?kinds?of?snow,?presumably,?if?the?environments?in?which? Englishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant.9___________ Similarly,?we?have?no?reason?to?doubt?that?the?Eskimo?language??could?be?as?precise?and?subtle?on?the?subject?of?motor?manufacture??or?cricket?if?these?topics?formed?the?part?of?the?Eskimos'?life.10____________ For obvious historical reasons, Englishmen in the nineteenth centurycould not talk about motorcars with the minute discriminationwhich is possible today: cars were not a part of their culture.But they had a host of terms for horse-drawn vehicleswhich send us, puzzled, to a historical dictionary when weare reading Scott or Dickens. How many of us could distinguishbetween a chaise, a landau, a victoria, a brougham, a coupe, a gig,a diligence, a whisky, a calash, a tilbury, a carriole, a phaeton, and a clarence?2009年改错真题The?previous?section?has?shown?how?quickly?a?rhyme?passes?from?one?school?child?to?the?next?and?illustrates?the?further?difference1.__________ betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse,learntinearly?childhood,?is?not?usually?passed?on?again?when?the?little listener ?2.__________ has?grown?up,?and?has?children?of?their?own,?or?even?grandchild 3.___________ The?period?between?learning?a?nursery?rhyme?and?transmitting?it?may?be?something?from?twenty?to?seventy?years.With?the?playground?lore,? 4.__________ therefore,?a?rhyme?may?be?excitedly?passed on?within?the?very?hour?it?is?5._________ learnt;?and?in?the?general,?it?passes?between?children?of?the?same?age,?6.___________ or?nearly?so,?since?it?is?uncommon??for?the?difference?in?age?between?playmates?to?be?more?than?five?years.?If, therefore,?a?playground?rhyme?can?be?shown?to?have?been?currently?for?a?hundred?years,?or?even?just?7.___________ for?fifty,?it?follows?that?it?has?been?retransmitted?over?and?over;?very? 8.___________ possibly?it?has?passed?along?a?chain?of?two?or?three?hundred?young?hearers?and?tellers,?and?the?wonder?is?that?it?remains?live?after?so?much?9.__________ handling,?to?let?alone?that?it?bears?resemblance?to?the10.______ _____2008年改错真题The?desire?to?use?language?as?a?sign?of?national?identity?is?a?very?natural?one,?and?in?result?language?has?played?a?prominent1.__________ part?in?national?moves.?Men?have?often?felt?the?need?to?cultivate2.__________ a?given?language?to?show?that?they?are?distinctive?from?another3.__________ race?whose?hegemony?they?resent.?At?the?time?the?United?States??????? ?4.__________ split?off?from?Britain,?for?example,?there?were?proposals?that?independence?should?be?linguistically?accepted?by?the?use?of?a5.__________ different?language?from?those?of?Britain.?There?was?even?one?????????? ?6.__________ proposal?that?Americans?should?adopt?Hebrew.?Others?favoured?the?adoption?of?Greek,?though,?as?one?man?put?it,?things?would?certainly?be?simpler?for?Americans?if?they?stuck?on?to?English7.__________? andmadetheBritishlearnGreek.Attheend,aseveryone 8.__________ knows,thetwocountriesadoptedthepracticalandsatisfactorysolution?of?carrying?with?the?same?language?as?before. 9.__________ Since?nearly?two?hundred?years?now,?they?have?shown?the?world 10.__________ that?political?independence?and?national?identity?can?be?complete?without?sacrificing?the?enormous?mutual?advantages?of?a?common?language.?2007年改错真题From?what?has?been?said,?it?must?be?clear?that?no?one?can??make?very?positive?statements?about?how?language?originated.??There?is?no?material?in?any?language?today?and?in?the?earliest 1.__________? records?of?ancient?languages?show?us?language?in?a?new?and ?2.__________ emergingstate.Itisoftensaid,ofcourse,thatthelanguage 3._________? originated?in?cries?of?anger,?fear,?pain?and?pleasure,?and?the 4.__________? necessary?evidence?is?entirely?lacking:?there?are?no?remotetribes,?no?ancient?records,?providing?evidence?of??a?language?with?a?large?proportion?of?such?cries ? 5.__________? than?we?find?in?English.?It?is?true?that?the?absenceof?such?evidence?does?not?disprove?the?theory,?but?in?other?grounds 6.___________ too?the?theory?is?not?very?attractive.??People?of?all?races?and?languages?make?rather?similar??noises?in?return?to?pain?or?pleasure.?The?fact?that7.___________?such?noises?are?similar?on?the?lips?of?Frenchmen??and?Malaysians?whose?languages?are?utterly?different,??serves?to?emphasize?on?the?fundamental?difference ?? 8.___________ betweenthesenoisesandlanguageproper.Wemaysay?that?the?cries?of?pain?or?chortles?of?amusement??are?largely?reflex?actions,?instinctive?to?large?extent, 9.____________? whereas?language?proper?does?not?consist?of?signs?but?of?these?that?have?to?be?learnt?and?that?are wholly?conventional. 10.___________ 2006年改错真题We?use?language?primarily?as?a?means?of?communication?with? otherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhichwe liveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeingconventionsas1.________ to?the?way?in?which?words?should?be?arranged?to?convey?a?particular2.________ message:?the?English?speaker?has?in?his?disposal?vocabulary?and?a3._________?setofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimtocommunicatehis4._________ thoughts?and?feelings,?in?a?variety?of?styles,?to?the?other?English5._________ speakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivelyand?that?which?he?recognises,?increases?in?size?as?he?grows?old?as?a?result?of?education?and?experience. ?6. _________But,?whether?the?language?store?is?relatively?small?or?large,?the?systemremains?no?more?than?a?psychological?reality?for?the?individual,?unless?he?has?a?means?of?expressing?it?in?terms?able?to?be?seen?by?another7._________??? member?of?his?linguistic?community;?he?has?to?give?the?system?a?concrete?transmission?form.?We?take?it?for?granted?the?two?most8.___________ common?forms?of?transmission-by?means?of?sounds?produced?by?our?vocal?organs?(speech)?or?by?visual?signs?(writing).?And?these?are 9.___________ among?most?striking?of?human?achievements.10.___________2005年改错真题The?University?as?BusinesA?number?of?colleges?and?universities?have?announced?steep?tuition?increases?for?next?year—much?steeper?than?the?current,?very?low?rate?of?inflation.?They?say?the?increases?are?needed?because?of?a?loss?in?value?of?university?endowments?heavily?investing?in?common?stock.?I?am?skeptical.?1._______A?business?firm?chooses?the?price?that?maximizes?its?net?revenues,?irrespective?fluctuations?in?income;?and?increasingly?the?outlook?of? 2._________ universities?in?the?United?States?is?indistinguishable?from?those?of? 3._________ business?firms.?The?rise?in?tuitions?may?reflect?the?fact?economic? 4._________ uncertainty increases?the?demand?for?education.?The?biggest?cost?of?being?in?the?school?is?foregoing?income?from?a?job?(this?is?primarily?a? 5._________ factor?in?graduate?and?professional-school?tuition);?the?poor?one's?job?prospects, the?more?sense?it?makes?to? 6.__________ reallocate?time?from?the?job?market?to?education,?in?order?to?make?oneself?more?marketable.??Thewayswhichuniversitiesmakethemselvesattractivetostudents7._________ include?soft?majors,?student?evaluations?of?teachers,?giving?students??a?governance?role,?and?eliminate?required?courses.?Sky-high?tuitions?8.____________ have?caused?universities?to?regard?their?students?as?customers.?Just?as?business?firms?sometimes?collude?to?shorten?the?rigors?of?competition,?9.___________ universities?collude?to?minimize?the?cost?to?them?of?the?athletes?whom?they?recruit?in?order?to?stimulate?alumni?donations,?so?the?best??athletes?now?often?bypass?higher?education?in?order?to?obtain?salaries?earlier?from?professional?teams.?And?until?they?were?stopped?by?the?antitrust?authorities,??the?Ivy?League?schools?colluded?to?limit?competition?for?the?best?students,?by?agreeing?not?to?award?scholarships?on?the?basis?of?merit?rather?than?purely?of?need—just?like?business?firms?agreeing?not?to?give?discounts?on?their?best?customer.? 10?___________One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S. Congressis the power to investigate. The power is usually delegtated tocommittees —either stading committees,special committees set for a specific purpose, 1.___________or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. 2.___________ Investigations are held to gather information on the need forFuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualification and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the 3.___________ groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings 4.___________and to make out detailed studies of issues. 5.____________ There are important corallaries to the investigative power.One is the power to publicize investigations and its results. 6.___________most committee hearings are open to public and are reported 7.___________widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakes 8.___________to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issuses.9.__________ Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite fro contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. 10.__________2003年改错真题Demographic?indicators?show?that?Americans?in?the?postwarperiod?were?more?eager?than?ever?to?establish?families.?They?quicklybrought?down?the?age?at?marriage?for?both?men?and?women?and?broughtthe?birth?rate?to?a?twentieth?century?height?after?more?than?a?hundred1.________ years?of?a?steady?decline,?producing?the?“baby?boom.”?These?young2.________ adults?established?a?trend?of?early?marriage?and?relatively?largefamilies?that?went?for?more?than?two?decades?and?caused?a?major3.___________but temporaryreversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthe?1940s?through?the?early?1960s,?Americans?married?at?a?high?rate4.__________and atayoungeragethantheirEuropecounterparts. ??5.__________? Less?noted?but?equally?more?significant,?the?men?and?women?who6._________???? formed?families?between?1940?and?1960?nevertheless?reduced?the7._________?? divorce?rate?after?a?postwar?peak;?their?marriages?remained?intact?toa?greater?extent?than?did?that?of?couples?who?married?in?earlier?as?well8.__________as?l ater?decades.?Since?the?United?States?maintained?its?dubious?????????? ?9.__________ distinction?of?having?the?highest?divorce?rate?in?the?world,?thetemporary?decline?in?divorce?did?not?occur?in?the?same?extent?in10.________ _Europe.?Contrary?to?fears?of?the?experts,?the?role?of?breadwinner?and homemaker?was?not?abandoned.There?are?great?impediments?to?the?general?use?of?a?standard?in?pronunciation??comparable?to?that?existing?in?spelling?(orthography).?One?is?the?fact that?pronunciation?is?learnt“naturally”?and?unconsciously,?and?orthography?is?learnt 1.____________ deliberately?and?consciously.?Large?numbers?of?us,?in?fact,?remain?throughout?our?lives?quite?unconscious?with?what? 2.____________our?speech?sounds?like?when?we?speak?out,?and?it?often? 3.____________ comes?as?a?shock?when?we?firstly?hear?a?recording?of?ourselves.? 4.____________It?is?not?a?voice?we?recognize?at?once,?whereas?our?own?handwriting?is?something?which?we?almost?always?know.?We?begin?the?“natural” 5.___________ learning?of?pronunciation?long?before?we?start?learning?to?read?or?write,?and?in?our?early?years?we?went?on?unconsciously?imitating?and? 6.___________ practicing?the?pronunciation?of?those?around?us?for?many?more?hours?per?every?day?than?we?ever?have?to?spend?learning?even?our?difficult? 7.__________ English?spelling.?This?is?“natural”?therefore,?that?our?speech-sounds? 8.__________ should?be?those?of?our?immediate?circle;?after?all,?as?we?have?seen,?speech?operates?as?a?means?of?holding?a?community?and? 9.__________ giving?a?sense?of “belonging”.?We?learn?quite?early?to?recognize?a?“stranger”, someone?who?speaks?with?an?accent?of?a?different? Community—perhaps?only?a?few?miles?far. 10.__________ 2001年改错真题During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the verylifeblood of Western Canada. People on city streets watched the yieldsand the price of wheat in almost as much feeling as if they were growers. 1.________The marketing of wheat became an increasing favorite topic of conversation.2.______ War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing thewestern crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain sellingas carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat priceswere generally low in the autumn, so farmers could not wait for 3.____________markets to improve. It had happened too often that they sold their wheatsoon shortly after harvest when farm debts were coming due, 4.____________just to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions,5.________ producer groups, asked firmer control, but the government had no wish to 6.________become involving, at least not until wartime when wheat prices threatened7.________to run wild.Anxious to check inflation and rising life costs, the federal 8.___________ government appointed a board of grain supervisors to deal with deliveriesfrom the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended,and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle with the crop of 9._________1919, the government appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board,with total authority to buy, sell, and set prices. 10.___________2000年改错真题The grammatical words which play so large a part in Englishgrammar are for the most part sharply and obviously differentfrom the lexical words. A rough and ready difference which mayseem the most obvious is that grammatical words have“ less 1.___________ meaning”, but in fact some grammarians have called them 2.___________ “empty” words as opposed in the “full” words of vocabulary. 3.__________ But this is a rather misled way of expressing the distinction. 4.__________ Although a word like the is not the name of something as man is,it is very far away from being meaningless; there is a sharp 5.__________ difference in meaning between “man is vile and” “the man isvile”, yet the is the single vehicle of this diff erence in meaning. 6.___________ Moreover, grammatical words differ considerably amongthemselves as the amount of meaning they have, even in the 7.___________ lexical sense. Another name for the grammatical words has been“little words”. But size is by no mean a good criterion for 8.___________ distinguishing the grammatical words of English, when weconsider that we have lexical words as go, man, say, car. Apart 9.___________ from this, however, there is a good deal of truth in what somepeople say: we certainly do create a great number of obscurity 10.__________ when we omit them. This is illustrated not only in the poetry ofRobert Browning but in the prose of telegrams and newspaper headlines.1999年改错真题The hunter-gatherer tribes that today live as our prehistoric 1.____________ human ancestors consume primarily a vegetable diet supplementing 2.____________with animal foods. An analysis of 58 societies of modem hunter-gatherers,including the Kung of southern Africa, revealed that onehalf emphasize gathering plant foods, one-third concentrate onfishing and only one-sixth are primarily hunters. Overall, two-thirdsand more of the hunter-gatherer’s calories come from plants. Detailed 3.__________ studies of the Kung by the food scientists at the University ofLondon, showed that gathering is a more productive source of foodthan is hunting. An hour of hunting yields in average about 100 4.___________ edible calories, as an hour of gathering produces 240. 5.__________ Plant foods provide for 60 percent to 80 percent of the Kung 6.___________ diet, and no one goes hungry when the hunt fails. Interestingly, ifthey escape fatal infections or accidents, these contemporaryaborigines live to old ages despite of the absence of medical care. 7.___________ They experience no obesity, no middle-aged spread, little dentaldecay, no high blood pressure, on heart disease, and their bloodcholesterol levels are very low( about half of the average 8.__________ American adult), if no one is suggesting what we return to 9.___________an aboriginal life style, we certainly could use their eating habitsas a model for healthier diet.1998年改错真题When a human infant is born into any community in any partof the world it has two things in common with any infant, provided 1.____________ neither of them have been damaged in any way either before 2.___________or during birth. Firstly, and most obviously, new born childrenare completely helpless. Apart from a powerful capacity to。

英语专业八级考试校对与改错题得分低的原因分析与对策

十九世纪中期以后，语教学先后出现了 “ 说法 ” “ 外听、交际法 ”等教学流派。这些教学法更加注重听说能力和交际能力，即语言运用能力的发展。在这种背景下，语法教学法 ” “ 忽视听说能力和交际能力培养的缺陷日益突出。语法知识对语言规范的严格要求一度被视为影响语言交际的障碍，结果语法知识教学被淡化．外语学习者的语言准确性和逻辑性大大
英语专业八级考试校对与改错题得分低的原因分析与对策
俞惠
（两理工大学外语外贸学院，江江西赣州３１０）４００摘要：对与改错是高校英语专业八级考试的传统题校型．该题型的命题目的在于测试考生在词汇水平、法知识、．语
联立①②③④ 得ｎ３＜，
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轨迹。建立几何关系， ③ 时间关系，物理关系。求解方程， ④ 并
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三、题关键解解题关键在于两个确定．即确定临界状况、ｌ轨迹。临界临界状况就是题目所隐含的一些极端状况或特殊情形

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