00831现代英语语法复习资料1

合集下载

自考英语语法2022年4月真题试题及(00831)_1

自考英语语法2022年4月真题试题及（00831）自考英语语法2022年4月真题解析（00831）1.[单选题] For some years, the United Nations（）been suggesting that we need to cut back on meat for the sake of the planet.A.havingB.hasC.haveD.had2.[单选题] Again, that early success had to be taken with a（）of salt.A.pieceB.groupC.packD.grain3.[单选题] I congratulated him and（）contestants who had set a new record at this event.A.the other allB.all the otherC.the all otherD.all other the4.[单选题] Julia will come to give you a hand the moment she（）herhomework.A.will finishB.finishesC.had finishedD.finished5.[单选题] She has started to put more focus into her fashion choices, because she（）to understand how important style can be.A.beginsB.beganC.is beginningD.will begin6.[单选题] More than 100 people（）in such attacks since December 2022.A.killedB.are killedC.have been killedD.being killed7.[单选题] Mr. Sumaila Sabo advised that the remains of the dead boy（）at the place he was found.A.was buriedB.buryC.be buriedD.buried8.[单选题] We（）wait for a special occasion. Let the kids feel our love now!A.mayn’tB.needn’tC.daren’tD.can’t9.[单选题] You are a very successful lawyer now! I'm sure you（）hard to obtain a Law Degree from the University.A.may have studiedB.can have studiedC.must have studiedD.must study10.[单选题] For a romantic evening, you’d better（）for slow, quiet songs, or even something mystical.A.optB.to optC.optingD.opted11.[单选题] One of the men attempted（）money out of the shop’s cash register but was unsuccessful.A.getB.to getD.gotten12.[单选题] There are a couple of key changes that deserve（）.A.mentioningB.to mentionC.mentionedD.being mentioned13.[单选题] Weddings, baptisms and even funerals are still held in the（）church.A.beautiful old woodenB.old beautiful woodenC.old wooden beautifulD.beautiful wooden old14.[单选题] The man reported that he was robbed of $799（）cash by two unknown men.A.inB.onC.ofD.with15.[单选题] The fossil is extremely rare（）it contains the animal’s complete skeleton.A.so thatC.in thatD.in order that16.[单选题] The children（）we so lovingly indulge might just hold us responsible for their misfortune.A.whatB.whichC.whomD.whose17.[单选题] The day（）you accept the defeat rather than finding excuses makes you stronger.A.on whichB.at whichC.whichD.in that18.[单选题] Seven victims have been identified, and the police（）working to identify the otherthree children who might also be victims.A.wereB.isC.areD.was19.[单选题] You’d better start swimming, （）you’ll sink like a stone!A.soB.orC.andD.but20.[单选题] Under no circumstances（）into a car with a stranger.A.you should ever getB.get you should everC.should you ever getD.you ever should get21.[填空题] health, healthier, healthful; to include, included, including Exercise means a（）heart because it reduces several cardiovascular risks, （）high blood pressure.22.[填空题] which, that, what; curious, curiousness, curiosity Celebrities often have fame comparable to（）of royalty. As a result, there is a strong public （）about their private affairs.23.[填空题] Australian, Australia, Australia’s; music, musical, musicallyIn an effort to polish（）outback image, Sydney launched an international design competition for a premier （）hall.24.[填空题] name, be named, nameable; special, specifical, specific Odours, unlike colours, for instance, can not（）in many languages because the（）vocabulary simply doesn't exist.25.[填空题] has, have, will have; actually, because, soGeneral Motors（）thousands of designers around the world living in the local customs, cultures and driving conditions, （）they can build vehicles best suited to the customer.26.[填空题] show, showing, shown; shopping, shopped, shop Researchers found that adverts（）during peak-time television had a bigger impact on people’s（）habits.27.[填空题] at, in, with; which, that, itOne of the first water clocks was a basin（）a small hole near the bottom through（）the water dripped out.28.[填空题] kind of relationships, kind of relationship, kinds of relationships; in, to, betweenStudying geography informs us about the different（）that develop（）a particular environment and the people that live there.29.[填空题] with, of, for; more, much, fartherThe honey from Canadian bees is（）excellent quality, （）better than the stuff the Asian bees produce.30.[填空题] be, are, is; household, households, householders According to new census data, the gap between rich and poor Americans （）now at an all-time high, with the lop 1/5 of American（）claiming more than half of all the nation’s income.31.[填空题] With a determiner:The bitter winter had（（）（）（））the country in its grip and many oldpeople died of extreme cold.32.[填空题] With a determiner:The film shows a vivid picture of（）London in Dickens’ novels.33.[填空题] With a determiner:I happened to find（）one-dollar note in my drawer the other day.34.[填空题] With a determiner:You gave us two suggestions, but unfortunately（）was workable.35.[填空题] With a modal auxiliary:Time is so pressing. How（）I complete such a difficult task single-handed?36.[填空题] With a modal auxiliary:One（）as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.37.[填空题] With a modal auxiliary:You（）have read a lot of Maugham’s short stories, otherwise you couldn't have talked so deeply about this famous British writer at yesterday’s seminar.38.[填空题] With a preposition:After six hours’ tiring bus ride, I finally arrived（）the small town where I was going to live in the next year.39.[填空题] With a preposition:The baby was born（）New Year's Day, which was a happy coincidence.40.[填空题] With a preposition:The criminal is sure to be caught sooner or later; he won’t remain（）largefor long.41.[填空题] With a preposition:His health condition changed（）the worse, so his family decided lo send him to hospital.42.[填空题] With a relative pronoun or relative adverb:The company wanted to hire a man（）experience would help promote its sales.43.[填空题] With a relative pronoun or relative adverb:She was very patient towards the children, （）her husband seldom was.44.[填空题] With a relative pronoun or relative adverb:The process by（）energy is changed from one form into another is called the transformation of energy.45.[填空题] With a relative pronoun or relative adverb:Scientists are sure that the time will come（）man can fly wherever he likes in the universe.46.[填空题] With a coordinator or subordinator:John failed to pass the driving test for the third time, （）that’s too bad.47.[填空题] With a coordinator or subordinator:They were going to put up a twenty-storey building（）the garbage dump had been.48.[填空题] With a question tag:Let’s not waste time doing nothing at all, （）?49.[填空题] With a question lag:There has not been a great response to the sale, （）?50.[填空题] With a question tag:They must have been informed of the result of the job interview, （）?51.[案例题] Using passive voice:They expect the Senate debate to continue into next week.52.[案例题] Using passive voice:A garbage man collected the discarded bottles ten minutes ago.53.[案例题] Using a modal auxiliary:Look at the traffic jam. It is possible that the road is blocked somewhere near here.54.[案例题] Using a non-finite verb form:Don’t take his words seriously if he professes that he knows everything about your history.55.[案例题] Using a non-finite verb form:The great composer had lost his hearing. He turned entirely to music to express his strong emotion.56.[案例题] Using a simple preposition:He goes to work every day. He does not go to work on Sunday.57.[案例题] Using a disjunct:It is quite obvious that he has never intended to keep his word.58.[案例题] Using a relative clause:Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers. Their overall consumption is higher than that of women.59.[案例题] Using a relative clause:She was very angry with the man. He called her at midnight and then found that it was a wrong number.60.[案例题] Using coordination:Short periods of fasting could help people lose weight. Short periods of fasting could lead to better health.61.[案例题] Using subordination:I don’t like the idea. The idea is that we go for an outing on a rainy day.62.[案例题] Using transferred negation:I think he won't come to the party tonight.63.[案例题] Adding a suitable tag:The man talking with Jane is the manager.64.[案例题] Using discontinuity:Prof. Smith wants to talk to her about the practicability of the research method in person.65.[案例题] Using inversion:They didn't sight (he snowcapped peak until they had walked for nearly three hours.66.[问答题] What are the differences between determiners and adjectives?67.[名词解释] subordination68.[名词解释] modal auxiliary。

【2021年全国自考】英语语法00831最新历年试题汇编20套真题

or D on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. How many ______ are there in the word “monotonous”?
A. o
B. oes
C. o’s
D. os
2. Do you think there’s any possibility of arriving at the gym by ______ bus and still having the time to play
future development.
A. stresses
B. stress
C. stressed
D. would st for water, this world would be a lifeless place.
A. Were
B. If
C. Was
D. Had
A. crossed
B. cross
C. crossing
D. has crossed
11. Monica is not ______ chess player as we expected her to be.
A. so a successful
9. He admitted ______ in love with the girl, but felt too shy to even meet her.
A. to fall
B. fell
C. falling
D. fallen
10. Did you see a middle-aged man with a scar on his face ______ the street just now?

自考英语语法2022年10月真题试题及(00831)

自考英语语法2022年10月真题试题及（00831）自考英语语法2022年10月真题解析（00831）1.[单选题] This story is about why the Joneses______far more likely to become wealthy than the Smiths.A.beB.wasC.isD.are2.[单选题] China’s judicial organs have a large number of______, procurators and lawyers.A.woman judgesB.women judgesC.women judgeD.woman judge3.[单选题] You can prepare French fries on the sand in______Sahara ona sunny day.A./B.aC.theD.that4.[单选题] I will not take over the business until she______completely incapable of working.A.isB.will beC.is beingD.shall be5.[单选题] They were hungry and cold and______for hours for a relief truck to arrive.A.have been waitingB.had waitedC.had been waitingD.had been waited6.[单选题] Anti-drug awareness should______among people from a younger age.A.promoteB.be promotedC.be to promoteD.being promoted7.[单选题] I wish I______back in CA, but we are victims of the current unemployment crisis.A.beB.wereC.would beD.would have been8.[单选题] I really can’t understand how he______say that he can represent the whole Asia.A.dare toB.daren’t toC.didn’t daresD.dares to9.[单选题] It served Susan right. She______have thought twice before posting her photos on her Blog.A.shouldB.mayC.couldD.would10.[单选题] I know that texting him back would do nothing but______our friendship.A.damagingB.damageC.to damageD.damaged11.[单选题] There are many other people whose names deserve______.A.be mentionedB.mentionedC.mentioningD.to mention12.[单选题] Life would be endlessly frustrating and almost impossible to sustain if you could never make yourself______.A.understandingB.understandC.understoodD.to understand13.[单选题] While the content is excellent, the presentation of the Kindle version is far ______original book.A.inferiorer thanB.inferior toC.more inferior thanD.more inferior to14.[单选题] Aldebaran is slightly variable in brightness, but the change is imperceptible ______human eye.A.inB.toC.forD.with15.[单选题] Most couples born in the 1980s were pampered when theywere young,______ they have problems in tolerating and adjusting with their other half.A.consequentlyB.likewiseC.thereforeD.so16.[单选题] I remembered the last words______God spoke to Moses before his death.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.why17.[单选题] Most of those arrested are young people, some of ______are members of a radical group calling itself the "National Independent Party".A.whoB.whichC.themD.whom18.[单选题] The earth’s surface receives heat from the sun and reflects some of the heat back into space while the rest______absorbed to warm it.A.will beB.isC.areD.being19.[单选题] Everybody talks about the stock market during work time, after work, and even during holidays, ______?A.does heB.don’t theyC.do theyD.doesn’t they20.[单选题] It was not until the 1860s______Abraham Lincoln declared the last Thursday of November to be a national holiday.A.wheneverB.thatC.whenD.as21.[案例题] Besides, Beside, Although; affect, are affecting, are affected ________the ill effect of smoking on smokers themselves, non-smokers, too, ________ when their family members or strangers light up in their presence.22.[案例题] to look, looking, looked; medium, media, middleNot too long ago, the Internet was about________up information, ora________for interpersonal communication, a replacement for the telephone or post office.23.[案例题] are tending, tended, tends: which, that, whereThe delivery of public services________to be a new area ________we decorate an out-of-date process with technology in a different way.24.[案例题] that, which, what; efficient, efficiently, efficiencyA green product is one________has less impact on the environment, using less resources, creating less waste, and being more energy________.25.[案例题] failed, falls, fell; nonadequate, unadequate, inadequateIf Spain________into crisis, then all current mechanisms for dealing with the crisis willturn out to be________.26.[案例题] else, elses’, else’s; depress, depressing, depressedShe has a strong tendency to blame herself and to try and meet everyone________expectations, which is one reason she is so________.27.[案例题] believed, were believed, were believing; sheep, sheeps, sheepingWhat________to be aliens from outer space were actually several________goingastray.28.[案例题] between, among, across; consistent, consistently, inconsistentStanding in the forefront of various achievements________both the Artsand theSciences, Oxford research________ranks top both nationally and internationally.29.[案例题] most, more, very; enter, entering, to enterThe________last thing he wants now is________for the annual 24-day bike race.30.[案例题] so, as, that; would defy, defied, was defyingFoolish________he was, he________any advice or warning and continue to make thesame mistake.31.[案例题] With a determiner:With the spreading of the disease, ________the village sank into deep panic.32.[案例题] With a determiner:Both buses go to the airport. You can take________of them.33.[案例题] With a determiner:Our culture is________people’s culture. It reflects the aspirations of the people.34.[案例题] With a determiner:British writer Alex Garland’s novel The Beach, based on the author’ experiences as________backpacker, was turned into a blockbuster film.35.[案例题] With a modal verb:This bottle of milk has turned sour. You________have put it in the refrigerator.36.[案例题] With a modal verb:The great 19th century explorer John Muir once said: “Only by going alone in silence, without baggage, ________one truly get into the heart of the wilderness.”37.[案例题] With a modal verb:We________leave so soon. The show doesn’t start till eight.38.[案例题] With an appropriate preposition:The bus doesn’t go to the museum. You will have to change________People’s Square.39.[案例题] With an appropriate preposition:After about six years inside a reactor, nuclear materials are usually moved to a fuel pool to let their radiation die________.40.[案例题] With an appropriate preposition:It is difficult for a casual observer to distinguish________artificial and natural lakes.41.[案例题] With an appropriate preposition:They are talking about the writer________whose works my acquaintance is slight.42.[案例题] With an appropriate relative pronoun or relative adverb: This custom, ________originated many centuries ago, is slowly disappearing.43.[案例题] With an appropriate relative pronoun or relative adverb:So far we have not been able to fix the date________we shall start the conference.44.[案例题] With an appropriate relative pronoun or relative adverb: Young migrant workers constitute the main labor force in the second industry,________comprises mainly of manufacturing.45.[案例题] With an appropriate relative pronoun or relative adverb: Many American people are going to settle in North Carolina, ________land is cheap.46.[案例题] With an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:Always show appreciation and gratitude________others are generous. 47.[案例题] With an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:You should respect the opinions of others, and at the same time you should insist upon________you believe is right.48.[案例题] With a question tag:There isn't any gas station here. We’d better stop at the next place, ________?49.[案例题] With a question tag:I don’t think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for your present post, ________?50.[案例题] With a question tag:Let’s not waste time doing these useless things, ________?51.[案例题] Using passive voice:He has donated all his money to a charity organization for homeless children.52.[案例题] Using passive voice:The traffic police are going to punish you for your drunken driving.53.[案例题] Using a modal auxiliary:It is our duty to devote ourselves to building a powerful China.54.[案例题] Using a non-finite verb form:Tom believed that Mary was innocent.55.[案例题] Using a non-finite verb form:A miser who is parted from his money must be very desperate.56.[案例题] Using a simple preposition:I want to congratulate you. You have been admitted to the doctoral program.57.[案例题] Using a disjunct:It is natural that he will take after his father.58.[案例题] Using a relative clause:The tests do not measure a genuine intellectual ability. Colleges use the tests to screen applicants for admission.59.[案例题] Using a relative clause:Wind power is an ancient source of energy. People are now trying to harness wind power.60.[案例题] Using coordination:For the first time I saw my father not as the giant of my childhood. I saw my father simply as a lonely man.61.[案例题] Using subordination:Most people are interested in the proposedtax reform being debated in the congress. They hope it will lower taxes for them.62.[案例题] Reinforcing the negation:No one is sure of the reason why she suddenly quit her job in the company.63.[案例题] Using exclamation:The old lecturer made a very boring speech this morning.64.[案例题] Using fronting:I just don’t know what will happen next.65.[案例题] Using inversion:I had hardly reached home when it started to rain.66.[案例题] Please list the relationship and the difference between adverbials and adverbs.67.[案例题] non-finite verbs68.[案例题] genitive。

自考00831现代英语语法复习资料【考前必看】

自考现代英语语法考前必看资料第一部分：引言《现代英语语法》是由李基安先生编写，全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会指定的全国高等教育自学考试教材。

关于这门课程的考试要求，可参见该教程第425所附录的《英语语法自学考试大纲》。

大纲是方向、目标，广大考生必须仔细了解。

英语语法是关于英语语言结构的理论知识。

通过该课程的学习，学员能够比较系统地认识英语从词，句到语篇的构造，从而提高他们应用英语的规范性。

在学习该教材时，学员普遍存在两种倾向：一是，由于该教材都是用英文编写，里面又涉及很多专业术语，许多学员觉得高深、难懂；二是，有些学员认为，自己从学英语开始就在学习英语语法，没有必要在这门功课上花太多的精力，所有的语法书都大同小异，自己稍做准备就能对付过去。

其实，两种看法都失偏颇。

现代语法的发展与传统语法已经存在比较明显的差异，例如：传统语法认为，英语有九种（甚至十六种）时态，该教程则采取的是‘a system of two tenses and two aspects’—-—-—-两时两体体系。

另外对phrases, clauses 的概念也有不同的定义。

书中提到的一些其他语言现象，如：外位[extraposition], 分隔[discontinuity], 分裂句[cleft sentence]等都是一般语法书所不提及或者阐述不同。

该教材也并非高深莫测，毕竟多数语言现象还是我们日常英语学习中所耳濡目染的，只不过我们许多英语学习者没有考究过它们形成的理论根据，来龙去脉而已。

所以，为了使自己的英语更加规范，让自己能用英语更准确、有效地传递信息、表达思想，英语专业的学生还是很有必要把这门课程学好。

现在我们就结合《现代英语语法》教材，近几年英语语法专业考试试题，讲述英语语法考试中考生容易忽略的测试要点或难点。

我们先通过几道语法题来检测你现有的现代语法水平，接着探讨一下该教材的学习方法，最后把教材各章的要点、难点归纳给大家。

全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码00831

全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码00831全国20XX年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1．There are a lot of ________ in Xinhua Children’s Hospital. ( )A．woman doctors C．women doctorsB．woman doctor D．women doctor2．We ________ . Please fasten your seat belt. ( )A．have landed C．landedB．are landing D．land3．Mary and John ________ each other since childhood. ( )A．have been knowing C．have knownB．knew D．had known4．Almost all the main roads in the city center ________ by the end of next year. ( )A．will be widened C．will have been widenedB．were widened D．would be widened5．The factory will be fined if the work ________ by the end of the month is delayed. ( ) A．to be completedC．being completedB．will be completed D．completed6．I don’t think it advisable that the young man ________ to the important post since he has nopractical experience. ( ) A．is appointed C．be appointedB．will be appointed D．has been appointed7．Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class; she ________ have studied veryhard. ( ) A．may C．mustB．should D．ought to8．The students are staying up late these days ________ for the final exams. ( )浙00831# 英语语法试卷第1 页（共6 页）A．to preparing C．being preparedB．to prepare D．prepared9．He tried ________ a new microphone and was able to make himself heard. ( )A．to use C．to usingB．to be used D．using10．Mr. Johnson met ________ at the party that day. ( )A．a certain retired movie funny star C．a funny certain retired movie starB．a retired certain funny movie star D．a certain funny retired movie star11．Tom likes watching TV ________ novels. ( )A．more than to read C．than readingB．more than reading D．rather than to read12．The Conservative Party is one of the ________ parties in Britain. ( )A．major C．bigB．main D．huge13．________ , he couldn’t deal with these problems. ( )A．Obviously speaking C．ObviousB．Obviously to speak D．Obviously14．The room is too cold without heating and too small for a family of four. ________ , it is betterthan I expected. ( ) A．Still C．AndB．But D．So15．________ their differences, John and Mark remain good friends all their lives.( )A．But for C．Above allB．For all D．Except for16．She is a gentle and quiet girl, ________ none of her sisters is. ( )A．who C．thatB．whom D．which17．She is married to a man who she believes ________ both makes a lot of money and lovesher. ( ) A．whoB．whom浙00831# 英语语法试卷第2 页（共6 页）C．that D．/18．Neither of them who had applied for a position in the company ________. ( )A．has been accepted C．was acceptedB．have been accepted D．were accepted19．What she wanted from him ________ just promises at thattime. ( )A．is C．wasB．are D．were20．I know I need a good car, but I can’t afford ________. ( ) A．it C．that二、填空题（本大题共28小题，共36分）Section A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group. (共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)21．go, goes, is going, advice, advices, piece of adviceMy special thanks ____________ to Professor Brown, who read the first draft of this bookand gave me a lot of invaluable ____________ . 22．a, a, the, the, some, such____________ beautiful is not always the same as ____________ good. 23．worrying, are worrying, has been worrying, fining, being fined, is fined The browns ____________ about their son ____________ for overspeed. 24．was, were, be, never, being, will never be, has never to beThough be ____________ reduced to poverty, he ____________ dishonest. 25．work, worked, working, tell, told, telling ____________ hard until ____________ to stop. 26．which, which, what, what, that,thatThere is something ____________ I want you to do but ____________ you hate to do. 27．what, which, that, is, are, was What he did and ____________ he said ____________ totally different. 28．such, so, it, make, to make, made____________ is not funny at all ____________ fun of a disabled man.B．one D．this浙00831# 英语语法试卷第3 页（共6 页）Section B: Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or addsomething where necessary. ( 共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)29．Let’s not talk to the director, ____________ (we)?30．You say you took the book without his permission. ___________ (other words), you stole it. 31．The book will provide a ____________ (stimuli) to research in this very important area. 32．They speak ____________ (not French) nor German, but a curious mixture of the two. 33．In my ____________ (mind) eye, she remains a little girl of six although she’s actually agrown woman.34．I’m afraid you ____________ (have) to be responsible for everything you do after yo u’reeighteen.35．Look at the dark clouds. It ____________ (rain).36．Mary is naughty, but she____________(be) a good girl today. 37．Congress has decided that the present law____________(maintain). 38．―The lights have gone out. ―A fuse____________(blow).39．Having finished the first project, John went on____________(work) on another one. 40．____________ (stand) on the church tower, the whole village could be seen. 41．When I told her the news, she became all____________(depressed). 42．How much did the second____________ (expensive) has cost? 43．I think the noise____________(come) below the window.44．Don’t get____________(mad) the children. They don’t know what they’ve done.45．____________ (consider) the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals. 46．That is the reason____________(for) he is leaving so soon. 47．Each man and woman____________(be) asked to complete a form. 48．I don’t want____________(there be) any disturbance during my lunchbreak. 三、改错题（本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分）Correct one error in each of the following sentences. 49．―Did you work out the solution to this problem?―I am at my wits end with this problem.50．I’m going to buy a new coat. The weather report says it is very cold.浙00831# 英语语法试卷第4 页（共6 页）51．Far is it from me to call him a thief.52．She talked a long time, and in the end she could make him believe her. 53．The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life. 54．The additional work will take five another weeks. 55．Such chances should never be let to slip.56．There is something wrong with the car; it needs overhauled.57．Having paid my taxes, the amount left in the bank is hardly worth mentioning. 58．Just take a look at that fellow, so you’ll get sick.四、改写句子（本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分）Rewrite the following sentences as required. 61．Adding a suitable tag to the following statement:I don’t believe you’ve finished knitting that cardigan yourself.62．Reinforcing the negation in the following sentence: No one on the committee approved of my proposal. 63．Combining the two sentences by using coordination:He himself is interested in the subject. All his students are beginning to show an interest in it. 64．Combining the two sentences by using an adverbial clause: John spoke through a microphone. He could be heard in every room. 65．Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct:The house was in bad repair. It was to be sold at a reduced price. 66．Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct: The term papers were very brief. They were better than I had expected. 67．Using extraposition:Whether there was gold left in the mine was not known. 68．Using fronting:The plane dived into a large crowd of spectators. 69．Using a modal auxiliary:I’m sure that he is working late at the office.浙00831# 英语语法试卷第5 页（共6 页）70．Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:We are told that he will come tonight, and if he comes tonight, our meeting will be heldtomorrow. If he doesn’t come tonight, there won’t be any meeting tomorrow. 71．Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:I finally threw out my dirty tennis shoes, which pleased my mother tremendously. 72．Using subjunctive mood:I had recommended him to be placed in a more responsible position. 五、简答题（本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分）Answer the following questions.73．Give a brief answer to the criteria of the classification of open class words and theirsignificance.74．List the types of subjunctive mood with examples.。

全国2013年7月自考英语语法试题课程代码：00831

绝密★考试结束前全国2013年7月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.1. At the sight of a cute kitty, the baby gave a loud ______.A. laughB. laughterC. laughingD. laugher2. As it is a freezing cold day, the people that used to bank fish from ______ side of the river are nowhere to be found.A. eitherB. bothC. anyD. neither3. It is true that ______ people living in today’s Shanghai are still fascinated by ______ Shanghai described in Eileen Chang’s novels.A. the; /B. /; theC. the; theD. /;/4. The HR manager will have already finished her meeting before the new recruit ______ to her office.浙00831# 英语语法试题第1页（共7页）A. shall comeB. cameC. is comingD. comes5. If she ______ you, she would be happy to take two days off and have a good rest.A. isB. wereC. wasD. had been6. The economist’s suggestion for the country was that it ______ on the development of an educational system available to everyone.A. focusedB. focusesC. focusD. would focus7. The criminal ______ finally in a house abandoned for years.A. has locatedB. was locatedC. had been locatedD. had located8. The umbrella I put here just now is gone. Someone ______ it up by mistake.A. might have pickedB. must pickC. could pickD. need have picked9. I really appreciate ______ such comfortable shoes for me.A. on your findingB. you to findC. for you to findD. your finding10. Rather than ______ the new and more powerful drugs, the scientist managed to persuade people to reduce their intake of antibiotics.A. inventB. inventingC. to inventD. invented11. In an age of fuel shortage, green cars are obviously ______ superior ______ the cars that run on petrol.A. more; thanB. more; toC. /; thanD. /; to12. In the apartment building lives a(n) ______ lawyer, who is working on a bribery case.A. American brilliant youngB. young brilliant AmericanC. brilliant young AmericanD. brilliant American young13. The boy took a look ______ his watch and knew his girl friend was late again.浙00831# 英语语法试题第2页（共7页）A. aboveB. intoC. atD. over14. The singer receives an occasional letter from the young fan ______ he has set a good example.A. whoB. thatC. for whomD. to whom15. Nobody can explain the reason ______ the project was abandoned two years ago and then renewed earlier this year.A. by whichB. whyC. whichD. how16. ______ you are young, you will be blessed with beauty, hope, cheer, courage and power.A. So long asB. AlthoughC. In caseD. In that17. I noticed there ______ a pen, two notebooks and a knife stained with blood. But they are gone!A. beB. would beC. wasD. were18. Both air and water ______ what most creatures cannot live without.A. isB. areC. wasD. were19. According to new data from the census bureau, one out of every four adults in Houston ______ have a high school diploma.A. don’tB. doesn’tC. haven’tD. would not20. We think of ______ as an international practice not to interfere with other countries’ internal affairs.A. ourselvesB. thatC. /D. it浙00831# 英语语法试题第3页（共7页）非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

自考现代英语语法200204

全国2002年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831Ⅰ.单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given:1. When they arrived at the airport, the plane _____A. already set offB. set off alreadyC. had already set offD. has already set off2. The moon _____ around the earth.A. moveB. movesC. will moveD. has moved3. If I _____ you, I would give up the job.A. amB. beC. wasD. were4._____ there be life on Mars?A. MayB. CanC. MightD. Ought5. She pretended not _____ interested but her eyes betrayed her.A. to beB. beC. beingD. been6. He aimed his gun _____ me.A. toB. atC. onD. into7.Stay _____ have dinner with us, will you?A. toB. orC. andD. here8. Y ou can use my car, _____ you promise to be back before lunch.A. as for asB. as much asC. as good asD. as long as9. Mary listened carefully _____ she might discover exactly what John wanted.A. so as thatB. in order thatC. in caseD. provided10. A: What will you be doing in the summer?B: _____ English in a high school.A. To teachB. TeachingC. Will be teachingD. Will teach11. Is this the first time you _____ Beijing?A. have visitedB. would visitC. visited D .have been visiting12. Great as Einstein was, many of this assumptions _____ today and modified by contemporaryscientists.A. are to challengeB. may be challengedC. are challengingD. have been challenged13. Y ou _____ be shocked at the news.A. should wellB. must wellC. may wellD. can well14. He _____ possibly be serious, and nobody takes it seriously.A. shouldn’tB. can’tC. mustn’tD. shan’t15. He didn’t permit me _____.A. explainingB. explainedC. explainD. to explain16. Many of them died _____ the disease.A. inB. forC. ofD. among17. The government has promised to do all _____ lies in its power to help.A. whichB. thatC. ( )D. the18. The person _____ I complained is the manager.A. whoB. to whomC. whomD. to who19. He went to bed _____ he finished his work.A. at the momentB. the momentC. in a momentD. by the moment20. The evidence is invalid _____ it was obtained through illegal means.A. so thatB. thatC. since thatD. in thatⅡ. 选择题(本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)Fill in the blanks with one of the following items:21. is, are, being, people, peoplesThe Chinese, like many other _______ in the Far East, _______ extremely hard-working.22. is, are, was, were, itself, himself, themselvesChicago Bulls _______ enjoying _______ at the celebration party for the fifth NBA championship.23. prefer, prefers, is, are, was, were, will be, shall beOne-third of the students _______ willing to write course papers but ten percent of the teachers _______ in-class examinations.24. be, is, was, are ,were, will be, shall be, has, have hada. She is one of these girls who _______ trouble running around.b. This one of the many houses here which _______ destroyed in the earthquake.Put the following words in appropriate groups:25. green, greens, greenery, salads, salad, salad'sHer sister didn’t give her anything on her birthday but a small _______ Chinese _______ spoon.26. The early; Early; The earlier; the soon; sooner; the sooner_______ you start, _______ you'll get it done.27. billiards, bronchitis, deer, dominoes, sheep, Vietnamesea. Singular only:_______b. Both singular and plural:_______28. butter, desk, fish, laughter, people, thundera. Countable nouns:_______b. Uncountable nouns:_______Ⅲ. 填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Fill in the blanks with assertive, non-assertive or negative words:29. It’s strange that she should _______ repeat the mistake.30. He refused to stay here _______ longer.Fill in the blanks with proper forms of the given verb phrases:31. It is very typical of you. Y ou _______ (always lose) things.32. She _______ (entitle to) a repayment of her damaged car.33. We never imagined him _______ (stay) at home for a whole week.Fill in the blanks with proper words:34. This is our _______ important task so far.35. I like Australia best _______ all the English speaking countries.36. I made a comparison _______ the major English speaking countries.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:37. He never came _______ when he was in trouble.38. I think it best _______ you should stay here.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate relative pronoun:39. They eat the finest food _______ is available.40. That _______ was bitter to endure may be sweet to remember.41. He feared lest people should think him impractical, _______ he was not.Fill in the blanks with WH-words:42. A: “I’m going to Beijing this weekend.”B: “_______ for?”43. A: “_______ come he’s failed in the exam?”B: “He’s been absent from class for a whole month.”Fill in the blanks with an appropriate form of the given words:44. It is highly desirable that a new president _______ (appoint) for this university.45. Rather than _______ (repair)it, he decided to sell the car.46. She came much _______(early) than we expected.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate pronoun:47. She could pass _______ a much younger woman.48. Look _______ you and decide if you like your position.Ⅳ. 改错(本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分)Correct errors in the following sentences:49. She’s got a parrot no the shoulder.50. Have you heard this new idea of the boss?51. He watched each gesture of her as if she was a stranger.52. I saw that stupid boyfriend of Mary yesterday.53. John F. Kennedy was President of United States in 1961.54. A great deal of illness originates in mind.55. The all of Paris welcomed the general.56. I haven’t seen him whole day.Ⅴ. 改写句子(本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分)Rewrite the following sentences as required:57. T urn the singular nouns or noun phrases into plural forms wherever possible with othernecessary changes:The passer-by stopped and put his hand into his trouser pocket.58. Write a counter-factual condition based on the given fact:Alexandra the great died because of the attention from too many physicians.59. Use modal verbs:I just don’t believe that the line has been engaged all this time. Maybe there's a fault on it.60. T urn the clause into an infinitive phrase:It’s good idea that we do not permit smoking in this area.61. Combine sentences using coordination and/or subordination:Y ou are in doubt about deductions on our tax return. Call the IRS collect.62. Combine sentences using coordination and/or subordination:We carved their names on the stone. Our purpose was to have future generations know what they had done.63. Combine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:My boss is a very considerate person. His predecessor was not a considerate person at all.64. Rewrite the following sentence using a disjunct:It is more important that the government should always be responsive to the public opinions.65. Improve the following sentence:Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful than expected to children.66. Use cleaving for place adjunct:Jack revealed Tom's scandal at the party.67. Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:A: Is John trying to enter Harvard Law School?B: No, I don’t think John is trying to enter Harvard Law School. He hates lawyers.68. Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:A: Can I have these apples, Mum?B: Y ou just had a big apple.69. Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:I learned to pack light early in life. I had to pack light early in life.Ⅵ. 名词解释(本大题2小题，每小题2分，共4分)Define the following terms with examples:70. Predictive meaning of modal auxiliaries71. Define “ellipsis” with two examples.Ⅶ. 简答题(本大题共3小题，每小题2分，共6分)Answer the following questions with the help of examples:72. List two situations in which simple present is used to refer to the past.73. What are non-finite verbs?74. What role does “there” play in the existential sentence from a communicative point of view?。

00831英语语法试题和答案全国自考06.4-10.4

全国2006年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831全国2007年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831第一部分选择题（共21分）一、单项选择题（本大题共21小题，每小题1分，共21分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

未涂、错涂或多涂均无分。

1．The general sent out word that no one in the bunker ________ to bed until further orders. A．will go B．would go C．was about to go D．was to go 2．He ________ violin when I want to sleep.A．always plays B．play always C．is always playing D．always is playing 3．James has just arrived, but I d idn’t know he ________ until yesterday.A．will come B．was coming C．had been coming D．comes 4．I only called the police when I ________ everything else.A．tried B．was trying C．had tried D．had been trying 5．Mother wished I ________ you what she ________.A．didn’t tell; said B．didn’t tell; has said C．didn’t tell; had said D．hadn’t told; said 6．Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it ________ in a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.A．is to be analyzed B．were analyzed C．be analyzed D．should have been analyzed 7．The teacher said that Jane ________ work harder the following semester.A．have to B．had better C．had better to D．would rather to 8．The twins had been away for such a long time that many people in the village thought they ________.A．ought to have died B．should have died C．must have died D．could have died 9．“I ________ go out today. If I do, I ________ in a storm. ” I s aid to myself when I heard the weatherman say there would be a heavy rain that day.A．had better not to; might have been caught B．had better; may be caughtC．would not; might have been caught D．had better not; may be caught 10．I hope that it is possible to achieve this objective by calling on the smokers ________ good judgment and show concern for others rather than by regulation.A．to be using B．to have been using C．use D．to use 11．When ________ to tell the difference between British and American English, the linguist made a long and ________ speech.A．asked; tired B．asked; tiring C．asking; tiring D．be asked; tired 12．The money would have to be raised by ________ taxation.A．far B．farther C．farthest D．further 13．Their plane arrived ________ San Francisco this morning.A．from B．at C．to D．on 14．The delegation ________ Russia will visit London this afternoon.A．in B．from C．at D．for 15．Her mother can’t speak English ________ French, but is good at Japanese.A．yet B．or C．neither D．while16．He became a successful actor ________ his father never was.A．who B．whom C．that D．when 17．The manager fulminated against his secretary, ________ surprised me.A．who B．whom C．that D．which 18．He graduated from college ________ his parents divorced.A．which B．before C．while D．that 19．She sat ________ the table in the restaurant.A．in B．with C．from D．at 20．Young ________ he was, he managed to make a living on his own.A．although B．since C．though D．thus 21．________ you had been here, we wouldn’t have had so much trouble then.A．when B．if C．as D．since 第二部分非选择题（共79分）二、多项选择填充题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）Fill in each of the blanks with one of the items given.22．is, are, was, were, itself, himself, themselvesThe trade union ________ believed to regard ________ as an organization where the molested could seek advice and help.23．is, are, was, were, will be, are going to be, have, has, hadThe beautiful ________ something that the innocent ________ not always able to appreciate fully.24．preferred, prefers, is, are, was, were, will be, shall beDuring the holiday week, one-third of the students in our class ________ prepared to stay on campus for study while around ten percent of them ________ some more sleep at home. 25．is, are, has, have, havingThe average British family, which ________ smaller and richer than 50 years ago, ________ 3. 6 members.26．were, was, had, propaganda, propagandasLarge amounts of money ________ spent on ________.27．than, as, more, most, theThe ________ information that comes in, ________ more confused the picture becomes. 28．than, as, more, so, lessI’m not going out with a man who’s twice ________ old ________ me.29．analysis, criteria, diabetes, gentry, pants, physicsa. Singular only: ________________________________________b. Plural only: __________________________________________三、填空题（本大题共16小题，每小题1分，共16分）Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase.30．Nobody in the class agrees with you, ________________?31．Everyone is excited by the news, ________________?32．Let’s not take John with us on our family outing this time, ________________?33．John hardly speaks to anybody in the class, ________________?34．She’s lost almost ________________ friend she had.35．He lost ________________ parents when he was a child.36．The noise of the party stopped me getting ________________ sleep.37．When you were in London, did you visit ________________ Tower, too?38．He said that he ____ （feed）up with college instructors who tried to teach him to use the “scientific method”.39．It is surprising that this innocent-looking girl ________________ （commit）such a crime. 40．I appreciate ________ （give）the opportunity to study abroad three years ago.41．I think his failure in the experiment resulted ________ his carelessness.42．This car is very expensive. You have to pay half a million dollars ________ it.43．With an appropriate conjunctiveLast month I bought a watch. It is cheap, ________ it goes quite well.44．With an appropriate relative pronounMy brother speaks English fluently, ________ I don’t.45．He can not choose his own job, ________ can I.四、改错题（本大题共11小题，每小题1分，共11分）Correct one error in each of the following sentences.46．I think you should go for school earlier today.47．She said she was afraid at her father.48．-“Which newspaper would you like? ”-“It doesn’t matter. Every one. ”49．I spent the all of the summer at home.50．The girl often heard to sing the same song at the same time in her room.51．Being not helped by anybody, he is not likely to succeed.52．Should we always follow the advice of our olders?53．He stood there, his eyes closed and his hands in the pockets, looking half asleep.54．I met another boyfriend of Lucy yesterday.55．The project on that we have been working for five weeks is a great success.56．Which she does is often at variance with what she says.五、改句（本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分）Rewrite the following sentences as required.57．Turning the following imperative into a tag questionDon’t let the children eat a lot of sweets and ice creams.58．Using a relative pronounI am going to the airport to meet Mr Johnson.He is a close friend of mine.59．Using a relative pronounShe is a lawyer. I know her.60．Using an adjunctMary decided to stay in her London apartment.She was growing sick of city Life.61．Using the passive voiceCouldn’t we ask someone to take on the job privately without anyone knowing? 62．Using a modal verbAm I not right in supposing this is the one you want?63．Using a nonfinite verb formAt a very early stage, Paderewski revealed that he was a master of the keyboard. 64．Using an adjunctHis child had gone to school. He could concentrate on his research work.65．Using extrapositionTo see all the high school kids standing on one foot outside school property and puffing away furtively and defiantly on their cigarettes makes a disappointing view.66．Using frontingHe plunged into the tumultuous water in order to save the girls.67．Rewriting B’s answer by using a cohesive deviceA: Is John trying to enter Harvard Law School?B: No, I don’t think John is trying to enter Harvard Law School. He hates lawyers. 68．Rewriting the second sentence by using a cohesive deviceMy wife and I take a walk after supper this evening. In fact, we take a walk every evening. 69．Rewriting the second clause by using a cohesive deviceThe limited seats should be given to old people and the younger people are advised to stand for a while.六、名词解释（本大题共3小题，每小题2分，共6分）Define the following terms with examples.70．Participles71．What is “fronting”?72．Define “ellipsis”七、简答题（本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分）Answer the following questions.73．List at least 4 means of expressing future time.74．What’s the difference between a simple verb phrase and a complex verb phrase?2007年4月高教自考英语语法试卷参考答案一、单项选择题：（本大题共21小题，每小题1分，共21分）1.D2.C3.B4.C5.D6.C7.B8.C9.D 10.D 11.B 12.D 13.B 14.B 15.B16.C 17.D 18.B 19.D 20.C 21.B二、多项选择题：（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分，多选、少选、错选均无分）22. was , itself23. is, are24.were, preferred25. is, has26. were; propaganda27. more; the28.as, as29.a . physics, diabetes, analysis b. pants, gentry, criteria三、填空题：（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）30.do they 31. aren’t they/ isn’t he 32. shall we 33. does he 34. every 35.both/ his 36. any/ some 37. the 38.was fed 39. should have committed 40. having been given41.from 42. for 43. but/ yet 44. which 45. neither/ nor四、改错题：（本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分）46. go to 47. was afraid of 48. Any/ Eitherone49. 改：the whole of the summer// all summer50. 改：was often heard51. 改：Not being helped52. 改：our elders53. 改：his hands54. 改：Lucy’s55. 改：on which56. 改：What she五、改写句子题：（本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分）57. Don’t let the children eat a lot of sweets and ice creams, will you?58. I am going to the airport to meet Mr Johnson who is a close friend of mine.59. She is a lawyer who/that/whom I know60. Mary decided to stay in her London apartment though she was growing sick of city Life.61. Couldn’t anyone be asked to take on the job privately without anyone knowing?62. Will this be the one you want?63. At a very early stage, Paderewski revealed himself to be a master of the keyboard.64. As his child had gone to school, he could concentrate on his research work.65. It makes a disappointing view to see all the high school kids standing on one foot outside school property and puffing away furtively and defiantly on their cigarettes66. Into the tumultuous water, he plunged in order to save the girls.67. A: Is John trying to enter Harvard Law School?B: No, I don’t think he is trying to enter Harvard Law School, for he hates lawyers.68. My wife and I take a walk after supper this evening. In fact, we do it every evening.69. The limited seats should be given to old people and the younger ones are advised to stand for a while.六、名词解释题：（本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分）70. Participles belong to non-finite verb. There are 2 kinds of them: -ing Participles and –ed Participles.71.Fronting: remove an item from its unmarked postsubject position to the marked presubject position.As fronting moves an item into initial position which shouldn’t be there , and it disturbs the expected information flow and brings about unusualness./ It shift an item from the final position to the front. And it achieves the effect of parallelism and contrast.72. Ellipsis : a kind of coherent devices leaves out the redundant/wordy part and do not provide a substitute.七、简答题：（本大题共3小题，每小题2分，共6分）73. future expressions:1.will/ shall:2.Be going to3.be doing: plan4.simple present:5.will be doing:6.be about to do:7.be to do:74. The simple verb phrase: a verb phrase goes without* auxiliaries (main verb & modifier + mainverb) Eg: He likes music. Or : I often visited the park.The complex verb phrase: a verb phrase goes with* auxiliaries.Eg: I have finished the book. Or: We will go there.全国2008年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题Choose the best answers from the choices given and put the letter in the brackets.1. Natalie _____fault with the way her husband eats.（）A. has always foundB. always foundC. is always findingD. always finds2. We _______ in France now，but the flight _______.（）A. are; puts offB. were; was put offC. were to arrive; put offD. were to have been; was put off3. The ghost _______ as the clock _______ twelve.（）A. appeared，was strikingB. appeared，struckC. was appearing，struckD. was appearing，was striking4. Once a satellite _______ into orbit round Pluto，scientists will be able to find a great deal.（）A. will be putB. has been putC. would be putD. was put5. You talk as though it _______ a small thing to leave the country for good.（）A. isB. wasC. will beD. were6. The method of painting is known as _______ far back as the Song Dynasty.（）A. to be usedB. to have usedC. to have been usingD. to have been used7.There used to be an old apple tree in the garden，_______?（）A. used thereB. could thereC. was thereD. use there8. The boss demanded that the letter _______typed today.（）A. can beB. should beC. shall beD. must be9. Aren’t you tired? I _______ you _______ enough for today.（）A. think; didB. thought; had doneC. would have thought; had doneD. should have thought; did10. Let me start with a _______ issue before I explain the problem of our major concern.（）A. lessB. moreC. lesserD. least11. I went to see my parents _______ National Day.（）A. onB. atC. inD. for12. They are going to visit Sydney _______ Christmas.（）A. atB. inC. forD. on13. While _______ for costs _______，my solicitor’s case quite obviously revolved around the fact that I had a ‘brilliant academic record’.（）A. asked; awardedB. asking; awardedC. asked; to be awardedD. asking; to be awarded14. The mother didn’t know who _______ for the broken vase.（）A. blamesB. blamedC. to blameD. will blame15. Judging from the latest information，you’d better make up your mind now _______ it is too late.（）A. afterB. sinceC. whenD. before16. She was very angry with the person _______ called her early in the morning. （）A. whichB. whoC. whomD./17. Thank you very much for the lovely toy _______ you sent my son.（）A. whereB. whoC. whomD./18. _______，they refused to come to the party.（）A. Strange enoughB. SlowlyC. HappilyD. Always19. It is true that John drove _______.（）A. franklyB. all of a suddenC. slowlyD. clearly20. She stood up _______ order to see better.（）A. inB. byC. atD. on21. I used to read a lot ______ I don’t have much time for books now.（）A. althoughB. sinceC. asD. neverthelessCDABD DCBAC AACCD BDACA A二、多项选择题Fill in each of the blanks with one of the items given.22. is，are，was，were，will be，shall beExcept for the eatable that _______ allowed into the spot，everything else ___ ___ confiscated that day.23. is，are，was，were，itself，himself，themselvesThe family ______ enjoying _______ immensely at the Spring Festival dinner party.24. be，is，was，are，were，will be，shall bea. Three years _______too long a time for the master program.b. Three-fourths of the water in the bottle _______ expected to leak out within ten minutes.25. than，as，more，so，lessShe speaks French _______ well _______ the rest of us.26. is，are，has，have，havingA team which ______ full of enthusiasm _______ a better chance of winning.27. woman，women，has，have，havingThe number of _______ doctors in the hospital ______ increased dramatically over the past decade.28. than，as，more，most，the_______ more money he makes，the _______ useless things he buys.29. bacteria，optics，nucleus，jeans，measles，cattlea. Singular only: nucleus，_optics__,_ measles_b. Plural only: bacteria，_jeans，_ cattle_22 .were was 23.were themselves 24.is is 25. So as 26.is has 27.women has28.the more三、填空题Fill in each of the blanks as required.A. With questions tags:30. Nobody agreed with you，_______?31. Let’s go out to dinner，_______?32. You had your watch repaired yesterday，_______?33. Close the door，_______?B. With a determiner:34. There is a line of trees on _______ side of the river.35. “Can you come on Saturday or Sunday?”“I’m afraid _______ day is possible.”36. I suddenly realized I’d come out without _______ money.37. Do you know _______ Browns? They live next to us.C. With an appropriate form of the verb or verb phrase given:38. They arranged that the demonstration ______ (take place) in their new showrooms.39. Observations __are made_____ (make)daily at two hundred weather stations in and around the British Isles，which send in reports every three hours.40. She couldn’t find her way to my apartment_______ (give)the wrong address.D. With an appropriate preposition:41. The man was accused _______ stealing a diamond ring.42. The woman driver was charged _______ speeding.E. With an appropriate conjunctive:43. Mr Smith graduated from California University in 2001 _______ now he is working as a lawyer.F. With an appropriate relative pronoun:44. He is a very capable manager，_______none of his predecessors was.45. A few years later Mary returned home as a famous musician，a fact ______ came as quite a surprise to her friends.30 did he 31 shall we 32didn’t you 33 will you 34 each/either/the 35 neither 36 much 37 the38 would take place 39 are made 40 having been given 41of 42 for 43 and 44 which 45 which四、改错题Correct one error in each of the following sentences.46. He watched each gesture of her as if she was a stranger.He watched each gesture of hers as if she was a stranger.47. Every person in turn went to see the doctor.Each person in turn went to see the doctor.48. On the stand there were newspapers and magazines of any kind.On the stand there were newspapers and magazines of some kind.49. I’ve just read whole of Pride and Prejudice.I’ve just read the whole of Pride and Prejudice.50. It is known to all that 70% of the earth are consisted of water.It is known to all that 70% of the earth is consisted of water.51. Running into the room，a rug caught her foot and she fell.When running into the room，a rug caught her foot and she fell.52. His two sons look the same age. Which is the older?His two sons look the same age. Which is the elder?53. Why didn’t you go with your friends in the trip at Africa?Why didn’t you go with your friends in the trip to Africa?54. I’m afraid the boy is very rude at his parents.I’m afraid the boy is very rude to his parents.55. Do you like the idea which we risk cheating in the English exam?Do you like the idea that we risk cheating in the English exam?56.The man about which they talked happens to be the new director of their department.The man about whom they talked happens to be the new director of their department.五、改写句子题Rewrite the following sentences as required.A. Turning the following statement into a YES-NO question57. He’s always telling me that I don’t plan for the future.Is he always telling you that you don't plan for the future?B. Using relative pronouns58. Jack was born in Brisbane. It is a beautiful city in Australia.Jack was born in Brisbane, whihc is a beautiful city in Australia.59. John is a very agreeable person. His brother is not an agreeable person at all.John is a very agreeable person,which his brother is not at all.C. Using an adverbial clause60. She wasn’t feeling well. As a result she went to lie down on the couch. Because she wasn't feeling well, she went to lie down on the couch.D. Using passive voice61. People are not paying enough attention to such kind of illness in this district.Enough attention is not payed to such kind of illness in this district./Such kind of illness in this district is not paid enough attention to by people.62. All the tourists who want to swim in the beach must observe this rule. This rule must be observed by all the tourists who want to swim in the beach.E. Using a modal auxiliary63. To get laid off was the last thing he ever anticipated.He never anticipated that he could get laid off.F. Using nonfinite verb form64. I can’t imagine that he would ever agree to such a proposition.I can’t imagine his/ him ever agreeing to such a proposition.65. She ran from the house. This looked as if she were escaping.She ran from the house,looking as if escaping.G. Using discontinuity66. Excessive drinking is more harmful than expected to anybody.Excessive drinking is more harmful to anybody than expected.H. Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate67. If you mark your luggage conspicuously，other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own luggage.If you mark your luggage conspicuously，other passengers will not mistake it with their own.68. If John wants to marry Susan soon，he shouldn’t quarrel with Mary over such a trivial matter.If John wants to marry Susan soon，he shouldn’t quarrel with her over such a trivial matter.69. He lost his old bike so he bought a new bike the next day.He lost his old bike so he bought a new one the next day.六、名词解释Define the following terms with examples.70. Non-finite verbs: The non-finite verbs are so called because they are not marked for tense or for subjectverb concord. In form, it has the features of aspect and tense, while in its function, it can be object, complement, adverbial ,etc. We recognize three type of nonfinite verbs: infinitive (further divided into to-infinitive and bare infinitive), -ing participle and -ed participle.71. ExtrapositionExtraposition, as a grammatical device for postpoing the important item, is defined as "the replacement of the postponed item by a substitute form." The extraposed item is almost always a nominal clause, which satisfies the desire for end-weight. In function, the extraposed item can be subject or object; in form, it can be finite or non-finite. When we remove a clausal subject or object to the final position, we use the anticipatory it to fill in the slot.72. TextThe term "text" refers to a unified passage, which may be spoken or written ,prose or verse, dialogue or monologue. It may be anything from a single proverb to a whole play, from a momentary cry for help to an all-day discussion on a committee. A text is a hingher-level unit than a sentence but is related to a sentence in the same way that a sentence is related to a clause, a clause to a phrase and a phrase to a word. A text is more a semantic unit than a grammatical one. In other words, a unified text is one that is not only structurally well-integrated but also semantically coherent.七、简答题Answer the following questions.73. Illustrate with examples 2 major classes of auxiliaries other than modal auxiliary.1.The couple have lived here for ten years.2.Don't come over there.3.When did he drive to station to meet his sister?74. What are special features about modal auxiliaries in semantics and in syntax?Modal auxiliaries are a special group of words that have unique features both in syntax and in semantics. They are often described as inflectionally defective verbs, because in synactic terms they lack a full set of forms - not having non-finite forms or being marked for concord with the subject.In semantis, modeal auxilliaries are all the more complicated because nearly all of them are polysemous and , as a consequence, their interpretation is such that we forever feel the need to resort to context for clues.全国2008年7月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）Choose the best answer from the choices given and put a letter A,B,C or D in the bracket. 1．I wish I _______ to repair the bike. I only made it worse.（）A．did not try B．wouldn’t try C．had not tried D．wouldn’t have tried2. She earns a good salary, so the _______ be deep in debt.（）A．can’t B．mustn’t C．may not D．needn’t3. Larry is _______ liberal-minded of the two executives.（）A．the more B．more C．the most D．most4. John is eighteen and his brother is two years _______.（）A．elder B．older C．young D．youngest 5. She bought a house _______ her parents.（）A．at B．to C．in D．for6. We had to sleep in our wet clothes, _______ was most uncomfortable.（）A．it B．which C．and D．that7. She cooks _______ that reminds me of her mother.（）A．on the way B．by the way C．the way D．in a way 8. Pride and Prejudice _______ never failed to characterize the aristocracy.（）A．had B．has C．have D．are9. A: Can I have these apples, Mum?（）B: You just had a big _______.A．thing B．it C．one D．two 10. The last time I _______ her, she _______ at a medical college.（）A．was visiting; studied B．visited; studiesC．visited; was studying D．was visiting; was studying11. The numerical evaluation of an intelligence test _________ by a small subsection of that society which _______ to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matter.（）A．has been determined; has been managed B．is determined; is managed C．has determined; is managed D．is determined; has managed12. She _______ it, because she was not on the spot then.（）A．shouldn’t have done B．wouldn’t have done C．mustn’t have done D．couldn’t have done13. why not _______ to her?（）A．proposing B．proposed C．propose D．did propose14. There exists negligence in the use of land. _______, it may not be ruined.（）A．When giving proper care B．Unless giving proper care C．Given proper care D．Been given proper care15. This school has offered _______ you want.（）A．math books as many as B．as many math books asC．as many as math books D．many as math books16. In 1980 he caught a serious illness _______ effect he still suffers.（）A．which B．from whose C．whose D．from which 17. Both players, _______ reached the final, played well.（）A．neither of whom B．neither C．both of them not D．neither of them 18. _______, I don’t like his work at all.（）A．As I admire him very much B．Admire him much as I do C．Very much as I admire him D．Much as I admire him19. The old _______ usually self-conceited as age sometimes does tell.（）A．is B．will be C．are to be D．are 20. It is sad experience to see all the high school kids _______ there like fools.（）A．to stand B．standing C．having stood D．stood 二、选择填空题（本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分）Fill in each of the blanks with one of the items given.21. was completed is completed, is equipped, was equippedThe hotel, which ________ only last year, ________ with a solarium and sauna.22. be, is was, are, were, will be, shall beA. Twenty years ________ very long but not long enough to change a Roman nose into a pug.B. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ________ sea.23. that, which, it, where, who, whomThe air then passes to a compressor, ________ it is compressed, and from ________it is delivered to the combustion chambers.24. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall be, has, have, hadA. He demanded that the dinner ________ paid in US dollars.B. He hopes his dream ________ realized after his graduation from college.25. an, the, these, is, areThe Japanese ________ ________industrious people.26. has, have, itself, themselves, themThe committee ________ been arguing among ________all morning.27. no, not a, neither, nor, noneA. They proposed several solutions, but ________ seemed to be very satisfactory.B. “Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?”“I’m afraid ________ day is possible.”28. police, acoustics, nucleus, pajamas, measles, cattleA. Singular only: ________B. Plural only: ________三、填空题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word or phrase.A. Fill in the blank with an assertive, non-assertive or negative word:29. If you’re ________ in Shanghai, do give me a ring.30. Surely ________ knows where the documents are.B. Fill in the blank with a proper form of the word or phrase in the bracket:31. Since I broke my leg, I ________ (depend) on my niece to see to the daily housework.32. She ________ (entitle to)a compensation for her damaged car.33. I guarantee ________ (offer)free repair service within the first three years of your purchase.。

00831自考英语语法简答题

Chapter1．Present the grammatical units that form a hierarchical order. 请给出语法单位等级结构图。

Hierarchy of grammatical unitsA text consists of one or more sentencesA sentence consists of one or more clausesA clause consists of one or more phrasesA phrase consists of one or more wordsA word consists of one or more morphemesA morphemeIn grammatical terms, while a sentence is the largest unit (of a text), a word is the smallest, the lowest rank unit to which a grammatical function can be assigned. However, a sentence can team up with other sentences to form a larger linguistic unit-text, and a word is not the smallest meaningful element in the writing system. It can break into smaller elements which are called morphemes. So we have the above extended hierarchy of grammatical units.2．Define morpheme, free morpheme, bound morpheme, morph and allomorph. 请给词素，自由词素，粘附词素，形素和词素变体下定义。

全国高等教育自学考试预测试题-英语语法

全国高等教育自学考试预测试题（一）英语语法(课程代码：00831）（考试时间150分钟)一、单项选择题(本大题共21小题，每小题1分，共20分)Chose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter in the blank.1. The task force is supposed_____。

A. to be getting reinforced B。

that to be getting reinforcedC。

to being got reinforced D. that been got reinforced2. He muffled his voice to avoid_____.A。

having been identified B. to be identifiedC。

identified D。

being identified3._____, I would call him in advance。

A。

Had I been you B. I were youC。

Were I you D。

I had been you4。

The company encourages _____ uniforms.A. to wearB. wearsC. wearing D。

have worn5。

What is _____ story you have ever heard？A. funnier B。

a funniestC。

the funnier D. the funniest6. You may take an oral or written exam _____ you prefer.A. according asB. according toC。

if D。

whether7. The Tower of London，_____ so many people lost their lives, is now a tourist attraction.A. which B。

自考00831英语语法提分高频考点串讲

4
第一章词性与句子成分 The male students learn American English.
carefully
当我们在 learn 前面加上 “carefully”时，它可以告诉你 learn 这个动作的状态；
另外： She is beautiful.
very
当我们 beautiful 前加上 very 这个副词的时候，我们瞬间可以知道这个形容词的程度。综上，我们可以知道状语最常用的即为副词---会出现在有动词和形容词出现的地方；当然，副词还可以修饰整个句子，例如：
第一节：两类基础句子结构：
呢？我们将会在这一节当中解决上面我们提出的问题，同时，这一部分，也是我们了解英语句子奥秘，提升阅读和写作能力的基础单元。
1
学程自考提分档案
Xue Cheng Zi Kao Ti Fen Dang An
第一节：两类基础句子结构：
第一类
【主语 + 谓语 + 宾语】
名词
动词
三考情分析
较之前的自考英语，改版后的新自考英语已经不再设置过多的单
纯考查语法的题型，更多的是把词汇和语法结合起来考查大家的英语知识的综合运用能力。而阅读量的显著增加则对大家语言的整体理解和把握提出了更高要求。
鉴于这种变化，建议大家在尽快熟悉新题型的前提下，将词汇，语法与新题型紧密结合，再集中精力在 30 分的写作。逐个突破，急，也不拖拉，只要一步一步往前走，总会到达。 ——乔伊斯
假如人生是一次长征，水远山长，我们总期许在路上能得一知心人相随。
倘若学习是一段旅程，越好的光景，就越鲜有人能如愿得见。在自考这条并非坦途的旅程中，学程自考人愿做知心同路者伴你结结实实走一遭，看尽沿途的风景，共浴旅途的汗水，收获终点的幸福。

00831英语语法2013年04月历年真题及答案

绝密★考试结束前全国2013年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用 2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.1.All the_____were shocked at the sudden death of the old man on the pavement.A. passer-bysB. passers-bysC. by-passersD. passers-by2.When I was in England, I went to visit the university where I_____.A. had studiedB. studiedC. have studiedD. was studying3.No decision has been made about what to do next. We_____it.A. still considerB. still consideredC. are still consideredD. are still considering4.Mr. Johnson told us that he_____to work in the headquarters of the corporation later this month.A. will be transferredB. would be transferredC. will transferD. was transferred5.Staying in a foreign country，I sometimes find it difficult to make myself_____.A. understandB. understandingC. to understandD. understood6.Every teacher in the school accepted the suggestion that the students_____their uniforms to school.A.would wearB. ought to wearC. must wearD. wear7.You don’t need_____for my permission every time you want to watch TV.A. to askB. askC. askingD. being asked8.This was the last play_____that year.A. to being performedB. to performingC. to be performedD. having performed9.He appeared well_____for the TV debate.A. preparedB. prepareC. preparingD. to prepare10.Where did you get the_____ furniture?A. expensive ancient mahoganyB. ancient expensive mahoganyC. expensive mahogany ancientD. ancient mahogany expensive11.This is_____the best school in the region.A. far and awayB. farther awayC. further awayD. far away12.I can’t afford as_____as this one.A. an expensive carB. expensive a carC. more expensive a carD. most expensive a car13. _____, I'd like to express my gratitude for your generous contributions.A. To beginB. To begin withC. BeginningD. Beginning with14.Michael has remarkable talent_____basketball.A. inB. forC. onD. with15.He always did well at school_____having to do part-time jobs in his spare time.A. regardless ofB. on account ofC. in spite ofD. in case of16.He is a straight A student, _____his brother never was.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that17.We talked a long while about our childhood days, _____we had a good dinner.A. after whichB. after thatC. after thenD. after what18.Bread and milk_____my breakfast for years.A. isB. areC. has beenD. have been19.This is the only one of the many houses here which____destroyed by the flood.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are20. ---You don’t like dishonesty, do you?---Of course not. Actually, nobody____.A. doB. doesC. likesD. like非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

自考现代英语语法

全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) Choose the best answer from the choices given:1. A:“I hope you will be ready to leave on time. ”B:“Don't worry. I'll be ready by the time the taxi ( ). ”A. arrivingB. arrivesC. will arriveD. will have arrived2. When I reached the peak, the sun ( ).A. shoneB. shinesC. has shoneD. was shining3. The task force is supposed ( ).A. to be getting reinforcedB. that to be getting reinforcedC. to being got reinforcedD. that been got reinforced4. A new hypothesis ( ) before it can be put into practice.A. must be testedB. be testedC. can be testedD. to be tested5. I don't think she meant ( ) you.A. hurtB. to hurtC. hurtingD. be hurt6. I keep fit ( ) playing tennis every day.A. byB. onC. forD. in7. ___arrived ___ she started complaining. ( )A. Hardly had he… whenB. Hardly he had... whenC. He hardly ...thanD. Hardly had be... than8. A:“( ) did she see the doctor?”B:“She saw the doctor twice a month. ”A. HowB. How many timesC. How longD. How often9. __gone to sleep __ the telephone rang once more.A. No sooner he had... thanB. No sooner had he... whenC. No sooner had he... thanD. No sooner he had... when10. A:“What will you be doing in the summer?”B:“”( ) English in a high school.A. To learnB. LearningC. Will be learningD. Will learn11. Is this the first time you ( ) Tokyo?A. have visitedB. would visitC. visitedD. have been visiting12. The information was later admitted ( ) from unreliable sources.A. to be retrievedB. to have been retrievedC. that it has been retrievedD. that it was retrieved13. For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more sophisticated one, it requires that the child ( ) psychologically ready for the new idea.A. isB. beC. wereD. would be14. John used to get up early,( )?A. used heB. did heC. didn't heD. would be15. Where are you going to have the TV set ( )?A. repairB. repairingC. repairedD. to repair16. Although Mary was very successful in sales, her boss passed her by ( ) a promotion.A. forB. inC. withD. through17. Any boy ( ) wants to succeed must work hard.A. whomB. whoC. whichD. that18. My brother is a good businessman, ( ) I am not.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that19. ( ) that the voters approve the funds，we will have a new park in our town.A. GivingB. GivenC. SupposingD. Supposed20. ___ I worked hard at school, I ___ this kind of work now. ( )A. Had... wouldn't have doneB. Had.. wouldn’t be doingC. If... wouldn't doD. If... wouldn't be doingⅡ. 多项选择填空题(本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:21. bank, bunch, congregation, pack, seriesA. a _____ of musiciansB. a___ of lectures22. board, bunch, choir, packet, partyA. a ______ of guestsB. a______ of keys23. is, are, was, were, will be, shall beSome money _____ carried to the spot and all the food and everything else _____ ready for thepicnic.24. seem, seems, me, I, mineYour politics _____ to be entirely different from _____.25. l ess, less of, than, as, likeMr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee.26. more of, many of, much of, than, as, likeJohn is as _____ a fool _____ Bill.27. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall beA. That she is still alive ______ sheer luck.B. Neither his oral statement nor what he wrote _____ true.28. have, has, had, will have, shall haveA. She is the only one of her family who ______ trouble making up the mind.B. This is the only family in the community who ____ different opinions while making up the mind.Ⅲ. 填空题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Fill in the blanks with a question tag:29. Turn on the light,_____________?30. Let’s go to the park this afternoon, _____________?Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given:31. It is recommended that a lawyer _____________(be) present when you begin to negotiate the terms in the contract.32. It is only typical of you. You _____________(always lose) things.33. If you favor _____________(work) on night shift, you may sign up here.34. He felt very _____________(depress) when he heard the story.35. Several strikers who _____________(imprison) for demonstration were set free yesterday.36. Mary negotiates _____________ (skillfully) than her boss.37. We had _____________ (fun) than we did last time.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate preposition:38. He is expected to arrive _____________ Christmas.39. The boys were all lying _____________ the floor.40. When money is _____________ short supply many businesses fail.41. Father doesn't want to let us go, but I know I can get _____________him.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate relative pronoun:42. He laughs best _____________ laughs last.43. She is married to a man _____________ she believes both makes a lot of money and loves her.44. Dr. Fordham still talks like the man _____________ he was ten years ago.Fill in the blanks with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:45. _____________ he does is often at variance with what he says.46. _____________you go, I go too.Fill in the blanks with an assertive, non-assertive or negative word:47. We have interviewed several applicants, but _____________ is really qualified for the job.48. I've _____________ in all my life seen such a big animal.Ⅳ. 改错题(本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分)Correct errors in the following sentences:49. His books are wonderful. I've read any one of them.50. I've got five brothers, and every of them is quite different from the others.51. None of my parents are interested in my idea.52. The old woman had to stop and rest each two or three steps.53. She is too polite person to refuse.54. It was so warm day that I could hardly work.55. How much of job would it be to rebuild the garage?56. Between ourselves, I think she's a bit of fool.Ⅴ. 改写句子(本大题共13小题，每小题2分，共26分)Rewrite the following sentences as required:57. Turn the following statement into a tag question:We all had a wonderful time at the party last night.58. Turn the following sentence into the passive voice:According to them,only two tribes used to speak the ancient language of Aramaic.59. Use modal auxiliary:They were obliged to finance from short-term loans as the debts fell due.60. Use-ed participle as a complement:He felt that his spirit was lifted after hearing the news.61. Combine sentences using subordination:John decided to renew the lease on his New York apartment. He was growing tried of city life.62. Combine sentences using coordination and subordination:New Hampshire does not have a general sales tax. It does not have an income tax either. It is the only state that does not have either tax.63. Combine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:She was afraid people would consider he conceited. She was actually not conceited at all.64. Write a counter-factual conditional based on the given facts:You lived far away. That's why we didn’t visit you frequently.65. Use discontinuity:Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful than expected to children.66. Use fronting:He plunged into the tumultuous water just to show off to the girls.67. Use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:Check out the weather at your destination. If you do not check out the weather at you destination, things can be very embarrassing.68. Use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:To guard against lost luggage, buy brightly colored luggage or wrap bags with a belt so other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own luggage.69. Use whatever cohesive device is appropriate:A: John is going to marry Susan once he gets consent from her parents.B: I n that case, John shouldn’t be quarrelling with her parents all the time.Ⅵ. 名词解释(本大题共2小题，每小题2分，共4分)Define the following terms with examples:70. non-epistemic modal auxiliary71. Define “ellipsis”with two examples.Ⅶ. 简答题(本大题共3小题，每小题2分，共6分)Answer the following questions with the help of examples:72. List 2 situations in which simple present is used to refer to the past.73. What kind of grammatical functions can the-ed participle perform?(Give at least two kinds)74. Provide examples to illustrate the major types of postponement.。

00831英语语法简答题

1.Explain the syntactic distinction between the predictive and non-predictive use of modal auxiliary with examples. The syntactic distinction between the predictive and non-predictive use of modal auxiliary is clear in the following two sentences: 1) He ca n’t have been there yesterday. 2) He couldn’t be there yesterday.The two sentences reveal two quite different uses of the modal auxiliary. The first sentence, where the predictive can’t relates to impossibility and the main verb is mark ed for past time reference, refers to the speaker’s present denial of possibility of a past event. In the second, the modal auxiliary itself, in non-predictive use, is marked for past tense, referring to lack of ability in the past.2.What’s the function o f relative pronoun?The relative pronoun serves as a “link” between the relative clause and its antecedent. It performs two functions: showing concord with its antecedent and indicating its function within the relative clause.3.If tense is related to time, what is aspect related to?When tense points to the temporal location of an event or a state of affairs, aspect “reflects the way in which the verb acti on is regarded or experienced with respect to time”.4.Apart from querying the truth of a statement, what other potential functions can a No question perform?They may be regarded as the speaker’s invitations or suggestions, made in a tentative way as they often are, rather than his negative assumptions. They are like imperatives. For example: Won’t you come in? Won’t you sit down?They can also be like exclamations: Isn’t it lovely? Aren’t you silly?5.List the types of antecedents.The antecedent is divided into nominal antecedent and non-nominal antecedent. Nominal antecedents fall into different subclasses: they may be common nouns or proper nouns, personal pronouns or demonstrative pronouns. Non-nominal antecedent can be subdivided into three types: clause, verb phrase, predicative adjective.6.Provide examples to illustrate result-adjuncts and purpose-adjuncts that are introduced by so that.He worked harder, so that he managed to pass the examinations. (result)He worked harder so that he could pass the examinations. (purpose)7.Provide examples to illustrate the three degrees of comparison.My brother is as tall as me. (positive degree)My brother is taller than my father. (comparative degree)My brother is the tallest in the family. (superlative degree)8.When the simple present refers to the present time, what are its characteristic uses?When the simple present refers to the present time, it is suitable for the general timeless statements or the expression of so-called “eternal truths”. At the same time, it also denotes the present existence or state of aff airs. Besides, it can express regular recurrence such as a habit, and it is also found in the presentation of an event that happens simultaneously with speech.9.What are contingency adjuncts? How many types of contingency adjuncts have we recognized?Contingency adjuncts are an adverbial category that includes adjuncts denoting some kind of cause-effect relation. They can be divided into subclasses: reason-adjuncts, result-adjuncts, purpose-adjuncts, concession-adjuncts and condition-adjuncts.10.Explain the differences between a double relative clause and an embedded relative clause.In double relative clauses, there are two relative clauses, one enclosing the other, whereas in embedded relative clause there is only one relative clause which itself is embedded in a clause.11.Provide examples to illustrate some different types of time adjuncts.1) When-adjuncts: soon, on Friday morning, now, etc. 2) Duration-adjuncts: for ten years, very long, since we met, etc.3) Frequency-adjuncts: daily, weekly, often, etc.12. What kind of relative clause do we normally use to modify a non-nominal antecedent?We normally use non-restrictive-relative clause to modify a non-nominal antecedent. e.g.1) Her husband is my brother and my wife is her sister, which makes us double in-laws.2) She dance well, which I don’t. 3) Nick is tall, which I will never be.13. Where are given information and the new information located in the sentence.Generally speaking, the given information is offered at the beginning in each sentence while the new information is consistently found in the predicate which normally constitutes the latter half of sentence.14.What is the pseudo-passive?A pseudo-passive sentence is passive in form but active in meaning. Its ed-participle is adjectivalzed so that it becomes a subject complement in the SVC structure. As an adjective, therefore, it can occur in a comparative construction, with a variety of prepositional phrases other than by-phrase, and with other link verbs besides be and get.15.Explain the conditions in which we need to use non-assertive words in positive statements and assertive words in question.When a positive answer is expected, assertive words can be used in questions, such as: Is there some news for me? Is somebody waiting for me? And in affirmative sentences in which there are if clauses, putative should-clauses, and comparative clauses, non-assertive words can be used, such as: If anyone calls me, it must be John. It’s odd that he should say anything like that. He is better than anyone else in this class.16.List the major types of postponement.Postponement is generally realized by active-to-passive transformation, by extraposition of a clause element, by discontinuity of adjacent elements.17. What’s the major function of preposition? And list the two types of preposition.The major function of preposition is to connect words of nouns verbs and adjectives to other part of the sentence. We divide prepositions into two types: simple preposition and complex preposition.18. Provide examples of partial inversion and complete inversion.Partial inversion: Under no circumstances can you underestimate your rival.Complete inversion: The door burst open and in rushed a large angry crowd.19. As a future time expression, what special meaning does the simple present impart?When there is something we conceive as unalterable and we can be as confident of as we are of the given facts, we use the simple present to refer to the future time. Something that happens on calendar or timetable falls into this category.20. What are the three principle of concord?The three complementary principles of concord are the grammatical principle, the notional principle and the principle of proximity.21.What order do the different types of place adjuncts follow when they co-occur?When place adjuncts of different types co-occur, they usually follow this order: distance + direction + source + goal + position.22. Why is the past tense often used for politeness?Because the past tense can make a question or a statement or a suggestion less direct. It is more polite to use the past tense on the part of the speaker.23.Do we always use the singular verb with a clausal subject?No. Generally, a one-clause subject takes the singular verb and a two-clause subject, the plural verb. The notional principle of concord applies if the context suggests the plurality of a one-clause subject.24.Provide examples to illustrate the three major types of non-finite subordinate clause.1) Infinitive clauses: He didn’t know what to do with his enemy.2) –ing participle clauses: She kept nodding her head from time to time as though understanding every word of his lecture.3) –ed participle clauses: Work hard until told to stop.25.What are some of the constraints that the double genitive is subject to?The second noun in the double genitive almost always refers to persons, never to objects. And the first noun usually hasindefinite reference (typically premodified by the indefinite article) and the second noun is always definite.26. Explain the principle of proximity of concord with examples.The principle of proximity denotes “agreement of the verb with a closely preceding noun phrase in preference to agreement with the head of th e noun phrase that functions as subject”. For example:Neither my wife nor I am coming to the ceremony.Not only the layers but also the coach was responsible for the defeat.27.List the types of subordinate clauses.Subordinate clauses are usually divided into three types by their function: relative clauses, adverbial clauses and nominal clauses. In form, subordinate clauses may also be divided into finite clauses and verbless clauses.28. What are generic reference and specific reference?Generic reference and specific reference are the two uses of articles, Generic reference indicates the whole species or kind, while specific reference indicates one specific people or thing.29.What concord principle do we normally apply to the existential sentence?Concord in the existential sentence normally complies with the notional principle. The verb agrees with the notional subject.30. What are restrictive adjectives and non-restrictive adjectives?A restrictive adjective helps identify the referent of the noun by describing its distinctive qualities. Whereas a non-restrictive adjective merely provide some additional information which is usually not essential for the identification of the referent.31.Point out instances of the stative and dynamic uses of prepositions with reference to spatial relations.The car was parked in front of the building. (In front of indicates a static location)He jumped into the river. (Into indicates the direction of a movement)32. What are some of the typical semantic components of the present progressive?Some of the typical semantic components of the present progressive are: duration, simultaneity, temporariness, incompleteness, vividness, emphasis, etc.33.Define the finite clauses and the non-finite clauses.The finite clauses are the ones that have subjects and finite verbs as predicates．The non-finite clauses are the ones that leave subjects unsaid and verbs in non-finite forms．34.Why do we need to go beyond the sentence and study the text?Because to express a clear and complete idea or thought, we need more than one sentence. It is quite rare that we only use one sentence to express our ideas. When an idea or thought is expressed in more than one sentence, we have a text, which relates sentences together. In other words, sentences in a text are coherent so that they help each other in expressing a complete idea. The study of the text is to know how sentences can be joined together coherently so that they can best express ideas.35.What are the semantic and functional differences between a prefix and a suffix?The function of a prefix tends to be semantically oriented. That is, it adds new meaning to a base. Most of prefixes do not change word classes while only a few (like a-, be -, em/en-etc) change word classes. Suffixes are basically class-changing morphemes. They change nouns to verbs, adjectives, or change adjectives to nouns, verbs, or adjectives to nouns, verbs, or adjectives to adverbs.42.What are the verbs which transferred negation often occurs with? What is their shared semantic feature?The verbs which transferred negation often occurs with are：think，believe，suppose，imagine and expect．They are the verbs that express “opinion”．36.Distinguish root, stem and base as morphological terms.“Root”, “stem” and “Base” may refer to the same thing in some cases, but they are differen t from each other in that: A root is that part of a word that remains when all affixes have been removed; A root is not farther analyzable in morphological forms; A stem has to do with inflectional features and is the part that remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed; A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.37. Explain the differences between a tag question with a final rising tone and one with a final falling tone.With a rising tone, the question express the speaker’s neutral expectation of the hearer’s response and invites the hearer to verify the truth of the proposition in the statement.With a falling one, the speaker asks for the hearer’s confirmation of the statement. It can be regarded as similar to an exclamation.38.What is the primary of a WH-question?The primary function of a WH-question is to ask for information concerning what, when ,why, whose, which and how.39..What are the four major types of sentences and what discourse functions are they normally associated with?The four major types of sentences are declaratives, interrogatives imperatives and exclamatives. These four types are respectively associated with giving information, requiring information, requiring actions and expressing the speaker’s impression of something.40.What are the two major types of exclamations?The two major types of exclamations are WHAT—exclamations and HOW-exclamations．The former is followed by a noun phrase；the latter is followed by an adjective or adverb．41.What are the two major types of alternative questions?They are the type of YES-NO questions, e.g. A: Would you like tea or coffee? B: Tea, please.And the type of WH-questions, e.g. A: What would you like, tea of coffee? B: Tea, please.43. What are the differences between determiners and adjectives?Determiners and adjectives are different in five ways:1) Determiners usually precede adjectives in premodification;2) The choice of determiners is often determined by the head word but not that of adjectives;3) Adjectives describe the head word by showing its characteristics, but determiners determine the head word by identifying or quantifying;4) Adjectives can postmodify the head word, but not determiners (except though);5) Adjectives have comparative forms, inflectional or periphrastic, but not determiners (except few, little, many and much).44.Under what general circumstances do we prefer genitive to of-phrase and vice versa.When nouns refer to people, and the relation between the nouns is one of definition, classification, etc. genitives are preferred. When nouns refer to inanimate, lifeless objects, and the head words of noun phrases are classifying adjectives, of-phrases are classifying adjectives, of-phrases are preferred.45.Explain the relationship between tense and time．Time and tense are not the same thing；time is concept and tense is a grammatical device．Different tenses can express the same period of time，such as the present．46.What are the typical expressions of the future time?The future time can be expressed by will/shall do something, be going to do something, present progressive, and simple present.47.Given the present time as its most important meaning, what is special about the simple present when it is used to refer to the past and the future?When the simple present refers to the past, it brings the past events or states to the present time as if they were actually happening at the moment of speech, it is used in narrative writing to achieve vividness. It can also be found in1) Newspaper headlines2) Photographic captions3) Stage directions4) Utterances with verbs of communication (say, hear, tell, etc). Simple present referring to the future is common in dependent clauses.48.What are generic reference and specific reference?Generic reference and specific reference are the two uses of articles．Genetic reference indicates the whole species or kind，while specific reference，specific one or thing.49. Provide examples to illustrate nominal, verbal and clausal substitution.1) Nominal substitution: I know I need a good car, but I can’t afford one.2) Verbal substitution: --Have you finished all the essays?--I have done one.3) Clausal substitution: --Is he the right person for the job?--I suppose so.50. Provide examples to illustrate reference as realized by pronouns, demonstratives and comparison.1) Reference by pronouns: Look at the man. I think he’s t he person wanted by the police.2) Reference by demonstratives: They finally arrived at an agreement to stop fire. That agreement saved the country from war.3) Reference by comparison: John is both stupid and lazy. His brother is no better.51. What is a unified text?The unified text is one that is not only structurally well-integrated but also semantically coherent.52.Provide example to illustrate nominal, verbal and causal ellipsis.1) Nominal ellipsis: Why give me two cups of coffee? I only asked for one.2) Verbal ellipsis: --Have you seen him before?--Yes, I have (seen him before).3) Causal ellipsis: --Are you OK?--Yes (, I am OK).53.What kind of relative clause do we normally use to modify a non-nominal antecedent?We normally use non-restrictive relative clause to modify a non-nominal antecedent．54.List the conditions we need to take into consideration when we choose a relative pronoun?We need to take three conditions into consideration．(1)the relation of the relative clause to its antecedent：restrictive or non-restrictive; (2)the gendertype of the antecedent：personal or non-personal;(3)the function of the relative pronoun as subject，object，or complement.55.Explain the difference between a double relative clause and an embedded relative clause?Double relative clause can be easily confused with embedded relative clause because of their seemingly identical structure．However，there is a difference between them．In double relative clause，there are two relative clauses，one enclosing the other，whereas in embedded relative clause there is only one relative clause which itself is embedded in a clause．In terms of which three factors are words classified?The three factors are: the environment where words occur, their internal structure and their meaning.Under what general circumstances do we prefer genitive to of-phrase and vice versa?When nouns refer to people，and the relation between the nouns is one of definition，classification，etc，genitives are preferred，when nouns refer to inanimate，lifeless objects，and the head words of noun phrases are classifying adjectives, of—phrases are preferred．examples: men’s clothes / the teacher’s book the color of the car / the struggle of the exploitedIf tense is related to time, what is aspect related to?When tense points to the temporal location of an event or a state of affairs，aspect“reflects the way in which the verb action is regarded or experienced with respect to time．”What are the voice constraints?The voice constraints refer to grammatical constraints, semantic constraints and stylistic constraints.What are the three mood forms:The three mood forms are: indicative, imperative and subjunctive.What are the two major semantic categories of modal auxiliaries?The predictive and non-predictive(also termed ‘epistemic and non epistemic’)What are the three types of non-finite verbs?They are: infinitive, -ing participle and –ed participleThe bare infinitive?The infinitive, which occurs as a verb in the base form without to is called bare infinitive.What are attributive adjectives and predicative adjectives?An attributive adjective refers to an adjective that modifies a noun and stands either before or after the noun in a noun phrase. An predicative adjective refers to an adjective that can modify a noun by way of serving as a subject complement or an object complement．When adjectives are used in the dynamic sense, what are their syntactic and semantic features?When adjectives are used in the dynamic sense，their syntactic features are to denote subjective measurement or suggest a temporary state; and their semantic features are that the qualities denoted by the adjectives can be controlled or restrictedWhat are restrictive adjectives and non-restrictive adjectives?A restrictive adjective helps identify the referent of the noun by describing its distinctive qualities．Whereas a non—restrictive adjective merely provides some additional information which is usually not essential for the identification of the referent．What is the difference between coordination and subordination?Coordination is typically realized by coordinators which join units at the same, level, whereas subordination realized by subordinators, involves the linking of units at different levels so that they form a hierarchy. The difference between coordination and subordination also lies in the amount of importance the speaker wishes to attach to the joined constituents.What are the major types of finite and non-finite subordinate clauses?The major types of finite subordinate clause are relative clause， adverbial clause and nominal clause．The major types of non—finite subordinate clause are infinitive clause，—ing participle clause and—ed participle clause and verbless clause．Discuss various grammatical forms that disjuncts may take.The majority of disjuncts take the form of the adverb and occur in the initial position of the sentence. However, disjuncts can also take other forms, such as prepositional phrase, infinitive clause, -ing participle clause, -ed participle clause and finite clause. For example, in all frankness, to be frank, frankly speaking, put frankly, if I can speak frankly.。

00831现代英语语法复习资料2

第二部分：教材的学习与使用一．首先，仔细研读教材后面所附录的《高等教育自学考试英语语法自学考试大纲》，做到学习重点、考试要求了然于心。

二．由于教材涉及的术语较多，考试时所有的考题均用英文表述，学员必须熟记这些术语。

可参照书后《课程内容与考核目标》所列出的主要概念中英文对照。

如：词素（morphemes），词缀法(affixation), 修饰性状语(adjunct) ，评注性状语(disjunct)等。

三．对于每个概念，术语，都要做到能用简单的英语解释，最好能用书中的定义进行解释。

语法考试中就有一部分要检查考生对概念的理解及记忆。

如：（1）Morpheme(p4): A morpheme is the minimal distinctive grammatical unit, and is the lowest unit in grammatical hierarchy. Morphemes are actually abstract elements of analysis. What occurs is an orthographic form in writing termed “morph” which realizes the morpheme.(词素是语法的最小区别性单位,即最低一级的语法单位.词素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素.词素是抽象的形式成分，在不同的环境中由若干不同的形素来体现) （2）Mass nouns(p57): Those nouns that can not take plural forms are mass nouns, such as butter, cheese, homework music, etc. (没有复数形式的名词叫物质名词)四．在理解的基础上，熟记教材上的例句。

从以往的试卷分析来看，很多考题就是教材上的原句或略作变动。

例如：在全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题第Ⅱ. 多项选择填空题(本大题共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)中，几乎所有的题目均能从书中找出：Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:21. bank, bunch, congregation, pack, series（P65）A. a _____ of musiciansB. a___ of lectures22. board, bunch, choir, packet, party（P66）A. a ______ of guestsB. a______ of keys23. is, are, was, were, will be, shall be（P344）Some money _____ carried to the spot and all the food and everything else _____ ready for the picnic.24. seem, seems, me, I, mine（P59）Your politics _____ to be entirely different from _____.25. less, less of, than, as, like（P237）Mr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee.26. more of, many of, much of, than, as, like（P236）John is as _____ a fool _____ Bill.27. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall beA. That she is still alive ______ sheer luck.B. Neither his oral statement nor what he wrote _____ true.28. have, has, had, will have, shall have（P346）A. She is the only one of her family who ______ trouble making up the mind.B. This is the only family in the community who ____ different opinions while making up the mind.五．每一章后面设计的练习题也非常重要，学员要做到每一题都能够理解，作答正确。

2015现代英语语法复习重点1-16

现代英语语法课程代码008311.课程性质与目标性质：《现代英语语法》是自学考试英语专业的课程。

目的：使学生认识从词到句乃至语篇的构造，提高英语使用标准性，准确传递信息和表达思想。

重难点：重点是动词的运用，第五到第八章。

难点是名词的数、主谓一致问题等。

〔P5〕2. 2015年考试样题〔课本P25〕一、选择题〔20%，未变〕二、多项选择填空题〔20%，未变〕三、根据要求填空〔20%，改变〕四、改写句子〔30%，未变〕五、简答〔形式未变〕六、名词解释并举例〔新增〕教材的重点与难点归纳Chapter 1. An overview一.术语：Grammar can be a full description of the form and meaning of the sentences ofthe language or it covers certain parts of a description, focusing on syntax and morphology.●Descriptive grammar〔描述性语法)examines the rules or patterns that underlieour use of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences.●Prescriptive grammar〔规定性语法〕tries to enforce rules about what theybelieve to be the correct uses of language.●Syntax〔句法〕is concerned with the way words combine to form sentences.●Morphology〔形态〕is related to the form of words.●Morpheme(词素) is the smallest meaningful element in grammar.●Free morpheme(自由词素)：a morpheme that can occur alone.eg:boy, girl,man...●Bound morpheme(粘着词素): a morpheme that can only occur in conjunctionwith at least one other morpheme.eg: im-, in-, -ed...●open class words(开放词类): also called lexical words, focus on the form ofwords. Their membership is fairly open-ended, so we can coin new words to add to them. Eg: N, V, Adj, Adv.●closed class(封闭词类): also called grammatical words, focusing on functions ofwords.Their membership is fixed and no words can be created. Eg: Det, pron, prep,conj, aux.二、语法单位的层级结构英语句子的结构层次是：分句(clauses)、词组(phrases)、单词(words)、词素(morpheme) In writing systems, the hierarchical structure is:Higher A text consists of one or more sentencesA sentence consists of one or more clausesA clause consists of one or more phrasesA phrase consists of one or more wordsA word consists of one or more morphemesLower A morpheme三.句子分类〔按构成〕Simple~(简单句):A sentence consists of only one clause.Compound~(复合句又并列句):In a sentence containing more than one clause, if the clauses are related to one another by coordination, it is a compound sentence. Complex~(复杂句又叫主从句):In a sentence containing more than one clause, if the clauses are related to one another by subordination, it is a complex sentence.四、句子类型〔按功能〕Statements〔陈述句〕, commands〔命令句〕questions〔疑问句〕，exclamations〔感慨句〕Chapter 2. Word-formation 构词法七种构词法：1 position 组合法2.derivation 派生法3.conversion 转化法4.blending 拼缀法5.back-formation 逆生法；逆序造词6.shortening 缩略法7.acronym ['ækrənɪm] 首字母缩写法一、术语●Word-formation is the creation of a new word. 构词就是新词的创造。