2008年华东师范大学外语学院812翻译考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2008年考研英语二真题试题(卷)与答案解析
2008年考研英语二（MBA联考）真题试卷及答案Section I V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)1. Oil is an important ______material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics.A rawB bleakC flexibleD fertile2. The high living standards of the US cause its present population to ____ 25 percent of the world’s oil.A assumeB consumeC resumeD presume3. You shouldn’t be so ___ ---I didn’t mean anything bad in what I said.A sentimentalB sensibleC sensitiveD sophisticated4. Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the ___ of art for later generations.A. philosophy B concept C viewpoint D theme5. Member states had the option to ____ from this agreement with one year’s notice.A denyB objectC suspectD withdraw6. The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations, traditionally a source of ____ irritation.A mutualB optionalC neutralD parallel7. Williams had not been there during the ___ moments when the kidnapping had taken place.A superiorB rigorousC vitalD unique8. Travel around Japan today, and one sees foreign residents a wide ____ of jobs.A rangeB fieldC scaleD area9. Modern manufacturing has ___ a global river of materials into a stunning array of new products.A translatedB transformedC transferredD transported10. Lightning has been the second largest storm killer in the US over the past 40 years and is ____ only by flood.A exceededB excelledC excludedD extended11. V oices were ____as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered.A.swollenB. increasedC. developedD. raised12. Some sufferers will quickly be restored to prefect health, ___others will take a longer time.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. whereas13. My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very ___about the food he eats.A. specialB. peculiarC. particularD. unusual14. Britain might still be part of France if it weren’t ____a disastrous flood 200.000 years ago, according to scientists from Imperial College in London.A. uponB. withC. inD. for15. The water prize is an international award that __outstanding contributions towards solving global water problems.A. recognizesB. requiresC. releasesD. relays16. In its 14 years of _--------____, the European Union has earned the scorn of its citizens and skepticism from the United States.A. enduranceB. emergenceC. existenceD. eminence17. His excuse for being late this morning was his car had __ in the snow.A. started upB. got stuckC. set backD. stood by18.____widespread belief cockroaches (螳螂) would not take over the world if there were no around to step on them.A. In view ofB. Thanks toC. In case ofD. Contrary to19. Consciously or not, ordinary citizens and government bureaucrats still _____the notion that Japanese society is a unique culture.A. fit in withB. look down onC. cling toD. hold back20. As you can see by yourself, things ____to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.A . turned in B. turned out C. turned up D. turned down Section II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes _21__different nations compete against each other in a __22_ of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the winter Olympics.In order to __23__the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the international Olympic committee (IOC). After all proposals have been _24___, the IOC votes. If one city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues with __25__rounds, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, __26__the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the _27__of theOlympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to _28__the Games effectively.The IOC also _29__which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. _30__,Tolkyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico city, Mexico, the host of the 1968 summer Games , were chosen _31__to popularize the Olympic movement In Asia and in Latin America._32__the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into _33__the host city’s time zone. _34__the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay _35___ higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events __36____, in prime viewing hours.___37__the Games have been awarded. It is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television ___38_ and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many __39___ there is also direct government support.Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially __40___. When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.21. A. in B. for C. of D. from22. A. lot B. number C. variety D. series23. A. host B. take C. run D. organize24. A. supported B. submitted C. substituted D. subordinated25. A. suggestive B. successful C. successive D. succeeding26. A. letting B. setting C. permitting D. allowing27. A. site B. spot C. location D. place28. A. state B. stage C. start D. sponsor29. A. thinks B. reckons C. considers D. calculates30. A. For instance B. As a result C. In brief D. On the whole31. A. in time B. in part C. in case D. in common32. A. Since B. Because C. As for D. Because of33. A. amount B. account C. accord D. acclaim34. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever D. Wherever35. A. greatly B. handsomely C. meaningfully D. significantly36. A. live B. living C. alive D. lively37. A. Until B. Unless C. Whether D. Once38. A. incomes B. interests C. revenues D. returns39. A. cases B. conditions C. chances D. circumstances40. A. safe B. risky C. tempting D. feasibleSection ⅢReading ComprehensionDirections: There are four passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET 1 .(40 points)Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. “My whole motto (座右铭) was ‘Start small, think big, and have fun’, ”says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side. ”Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some $10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-services exchange in France offers more than 4,600 services, from math lessons to ironing.This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier—what Bob Meyer, publisher of BarterNews, calls “the double coincidence of wants.”That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is “hugely bartered”because many media, particularly on the Web can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, Internet ads don’t register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade”trading partners for honesty quality and so on.. Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter globaltrades. Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.” For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.41. The word “techies” (Line 4, Para 1) probably refers to those who are ___.A. afraid of technologyB. skilled in technologyC. ignorant of technologyD. incompetent in technology42. Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they ___.A. were impressed by his creativityB. were eager to identify with his mottoC. liked his goal announced in advanceD. hoped to prove the power of the Internet43. The Internet barter system relies heavily on ___.A. the size of barter stiesB. the use of virtual currencyC. the quality of goods or servicesD. the location of trading companies44. It is implies that Internet advertisements can help ___.A. companies make more profitB. companies do formal exchangesC. media register in statisticsD. media grade barter sites45. Which of the follow is true of QL2 according to the author?A. It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.B. It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries.C. It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange.D. It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners. Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:The lives of very few Newark residents are untouched by violence: New Jersey’s biggest city has seen it all. Yet the murder of three young people, who were forced to kneel before being shot in the back of the head in a school playground on August 4th, has shaken the city. A fourth, who survived, was stabbed and shot in the face. The four victims were by all accounts good kids, all enrolled in college, all with a future. But the cruel murder, it seems, has at last forced Newarkers to say they have had enough.Grassroots organizations, like Stop Shooting, have been floodedwith offers of help and support since the killings. Yusef Ismail, its co-founder, says the group has been going door-to-door asking people to sign a pledge of non-violence. They hope to get 50,000 to promise to “stop shooting, start thinking, and keep living.”The Newark Community Foundation, which was launched last month, announced on August 14th that it will help pay for Community Eye, a surveillance(监视) system tailored towards gun crime.Cory Booker who became mayor 13 months ago with a mission to revitalize the city , believes the surveillance program will be the largest camera and audio network in any American city. More than 30 cameras were installed earlier this summer and a further 50 will be installed soon in a seven-square mile area where 80% of the city’s recent shootings have occurred. And more cameras are planned.When a gunshot is detected, the surveillance camera zooms in on that spot. Similar technology in Chicago has increased arrests and decreased shootings. Mr. Booker plans to announce a comprehensive gun strategy later this week.Mr. Booker, as well as church leaders and others, believes(or hopes)that after the murder the city will no longer stand by in coldness. For generations, Newark has been paralyzed by poverty ----almost one in three people lives below the poverty line----and growing indifference to crime.Some are skeptical .Steve Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems: over 60% of children are in homes without fathers. The school system, taken over by the state in 1995, is a mess. But there is also some cause for hope. Since Mr. Booker was elected, there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development. Only around 7% of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark; now, a year, the figure is 30%.Mr Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime. So far this year, crime has fallen 11% and shootings are down 30 %( through the murder rate looks likely to match last year’s high).46. What happened in Newark, New Jersey on August 4th?A. The Newark residents witnessed a murder.B. Four young people were killed in a school playground.C. The new mayor of Newark took office.D. Four college students fell victim to violence.47. Judging from the context, the “Community Eye”(Line5,Para2)is_____A. a watching system for gun crimeB. a neighborhood protection organizationC. an unprofitable community businessD. a grassroots organization48.We learn from the passage that Newark has all the following problems EXCEPT_____A. violenceB. floodC. povertyD. indifference49. Mayor Booker’s effort against crime seem to be ______A. idealisticB. impracticalC. effectiveD. fruitless50. The best title for the passage may be _____A. Stop Shooting, Start Thinking, and Keep LivingB. Efforts to Fight against Gun CrimesC. A Mission to Revitalize the CityD. Violent Murders in NewarkQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:According to a recent survey on money and relationships, 36 percent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner. While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship , in truth it may just be a form of financial protection.With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce, men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy, regardless of whether they are in a relationship.The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult, even more so when children are involved. The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner; in other words, an ”escape fund”.Margaret’s story is far from unique. She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings.Every month on pay day, she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband. She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incredible $100,000 on top of her pension.Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he’d hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage.”He’d think it was my escape fun so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong. I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is, but you can never be sure.”Like many of her fellow secret savers, Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her ownmoney.Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad. Take Colleen for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. ”I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.”“When John found out about my secret savings, he was a little suspicious of my motives. I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund that I feel very secure in out relationship. I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future. It’s sensible to build and protect your personal financial security.”51. The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because______A. escape fund helps one through rainy daysB. days are getting harder and harderC. women are money sensitiveD. financial conflicts often occur52. The word “savvy”(Line2,Para 2)probably means_______A. suspiciousB. secureC. shrewdD. simple53. Which inference can we make about Margaret?A. She is a unique woman.B. She was once divorced.C. She is going to retire.D. She has many children.54. The author mentions Colleen’s example to show_____A. any couple can avoid marriage conflictsB. privacy within marriage should be respectedC. everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriageD. financial disclosure is not necessarily bad55. Which of the following best summary this passage?A. Secret SaversB. Love Is What It’s WorthC. Banking HonestyD. Once Bitten, Twice ShyQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:“The word ‘protection’is no longer taboo (禁忌语)”. This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiencyand productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic, cause.These leaders, of course, weren’t acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they’d profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned---though few acknowledge it. The West continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asian, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade.That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debates. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in tree trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of course, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these losers will be in the West, Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Jonoph Schumpeter, who said that ‘creative destruction” was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles, Things have yet to reverse completely. But there’s clearly a negative trend in a Western theory and practice.A little hypocrisy (虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Loc k at what’s happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund) The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions.The time has therefore come for the Asians-who are clearly the new winners in today’s global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade: Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there’s a real danger that Adam Smith’s principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us, worse off, in one way or another.56. It can be inferred that “protection”(Line 1, Para.1) means________A. improving economic efficiency.B. ending the free-trade practiceC. lowering moral standardD. raising trade tariffs57. The Western leaders preach free trade because________A. it is beneficial to their economiesB. it is supported by developing countriesC. it makes them keep faith in their principlesD. it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith58. By “the tables have turned”(Line 3-4,Para.2) the author implies that________A. the Western leaders have turned self-centeredB. the Asian leaders have become advocates of free tradeC. the developed economies have turned less competitiveD. the developing economies have become more independent59. The Western economies used to like the idea of “creative destruction”because it________A. set a long-term rather than short-turn goalB. was an essential part of capitalist developmentC. contained a positive rather than negative mentalityD. was meant to be the destruction of developing economies60. The author uses “IMF”was an example to illustrate the point that_______A. European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocriticalB. there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC. global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocatesD. European countries’interests are being ignored by economic leaders Section IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a paragraph in English .Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points) The term ”business model”first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序).Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what- if questions about the critical assumptions on which. your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought?-and with a few keystrokes, you could see how any changewould play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of a business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spread sheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.Section V WritingDirections: In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points)以往许多人报考成人高校，是为了圆文凭梦。
08年英语翻译
西南政法大学2008年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题学科专业：外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目：809 翻译（150分）考生注意：请在答题纸上答题，在试卷上答题不给分。
试卷和答题纸同时交回，否则成绩无效。
Translate the following three passages in Chinese. (75%)Passage IIn the distance we could see half a dozen cars filled with other visitors. They had gathered in the circle at the bottom of a stream. We bumped over the rocks toward them. There in the long grass about twelve feet away two other lionesses and eight cubs were playing. This is the kind of scene that has made Nairobi Park famous. It is hard to believe that one can get so close.Both mothers were lying on their backs with their paws in the air. The cubs were pretending to fight them. The younger ones were not very clever at this game. They came stalking through the long grass with great interest. Then, just as they were about to pounce(猛扑), something would catch their attention. It might be another cub stealing up behind, or just a butterfly passing by on the breeze. They would prance on their hind legs, making wild swipes (猛击) in the air or tumbling over each other. Their heads seemed at times just a bit too heavy for them to handle. Often their weak legs got hopelessly out of control.Passage IIBritain is also a member of the European Union and therefore subject to European Community law which is having and increasing impact on the British legal system. In the early days of the European Union, which it was known as the European Economic matters. European law was mainly concerned with economic matters. Many laws were aimed at breaking down the trade barriers between countries and ensuring fair competition. Nowadays the European Union is also increasingly involved in legislating on the rights of citizens. Some European laws are now directly effective which means they can be involved by citizens directly in British courts without Parliament needing to pass new legislation.In addition, Britain is in the process of incorporating the European Convention of Human Rights into domestic law which will enable people to take human rights cases through the courts in Britain, rather than through the much longer process of theEuropean Court of Human Rights.Passage IIIGreat nations of the world are moving toward democracy through the door to freedom. Men and women of the world move toward free markets through the door to prosperity. The people of the world agitate for free expression and free thought through the door to the moral and intellectual satisfaction that only liberty allows.We know what works: Freedom works. We know what's right: Freedom is right. We know how to secure a more just and prosperous life for man on Earth: through free market, free speech, free elections, and exercise of free will unhampered by the state.For the first time in this century, for the first time in perhaps all history, man does not have to invent a system by which to live. We don't have to talk late into the night about which form of government is better. We don't have to wrest justice from the kings. We only have to summon it from within ourselves.Chinese to English (共75分)Part I Sentence TranslationPut the following into English (各3分，共15分)1．战争是民族与民族、国家和国家、阶级和阶级、政治集团和政治集团之间相互斗争的最高形式。
考研英语二08-12年翻译真题
考研英语二08-12年翻译真题2008年1月MBA考试英语真题试卷The term "business model" first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序). Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, it components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what-if questions about the critical assumptions on which your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought? And with a few keystrokes, you could see how many changes would play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spreadsheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.2009年1月MBA联考英语真题试卷With the nation?s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers? excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenues, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.2010考研英语二真题“Suatainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。
专八口试2008年英译汉答案
专八口试2008年英译汉答案第一篇：专八口试2008年英译汉答案2008年12月英译汉一位美籍教授在欢送外籍教师宴会上的祝酒词女士们，先生们，晚上好！我知道在这个热闹非凡的场合中很难吸引大家的注意，因此我的祝酒词尽量简短些。
我想借此机会，代表所有的外籍教师感谢南平大学的全体教职员工，特别是外事办的工作人员和不同系的同事们，感谢你们2007-2008学年在各方面对我们的帮助，使我们感到家的温暖。
我知道接待外籍教师并不容易，因为我们对于中国很陌生，所以不免为你们增添了许多麻烦。
不像中国的教师一样，刚来时我们需要定位，需要帮助。
于是你们为我们做着一切，从领着我们到小超市到帮我们调试电脑。
学期开始时，又会回答我们无数有关课程的问题以及我们对于这里的教育体制的适应情况。
而这些中国教师都不需要问。
当然，最重要的是，我们呆在中国时，你们还为我们做了许多其他的事情。
比如说和我们一起过假期，带我们去有趣的旅游景点以及向我们介绍中国的传统美食。
然而，到了学期末，我们中的许多人就会离开，你们不得不为接待下一轮的外籍教师重复同样的过程。
年复一年，你们不次劳苦周到地做着这些。
因此今晚，我们想对你们为我们所做的一切事情表示感谢，就比如说今晚这个美好的宴会。
同时还要感谢你们今年投资十万元升级我们的网络服务。
然而，我们还要特别感谢你们每天为我们的生活所做的大事小事，点点滴滴。
请允许我举杯，为南平大学及所有使这个地方工作和生活变得美好的人们，干杯！第二篇：2014年专八翻译及答案2014年英语专八考试汉译英部分真题（网友回忆版）当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。
我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的勤劳困苦。
可是，我也愿意升学。
我偷偷的考入了师范学校——制服，饭食，书籍，宿处，都由学校供给。
只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。
入学，要交十圆的保证金。
这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。
2008年考研英语翻译试题讲评
ＣｏｌｌｅｇｅＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ２００８．４!考试专栏!２００８年考研英语翻译试题讲评清华大学外语系教授许建平２００８年全国研究生入学统一考试的翻译试题是一篇关于达尔文自传的评述文，全文４６０个词，要求考生阅读文章后，将其中５个划线部分（总共１５８个词）译成汉语。
试题全文如下：ＰａｒｔＣＤｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ：ＲｅａｄｔｈｅｆｏｌｌｏｗｉｎｇｔｅｘｔｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙａｎｄｔｈｅｎｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｅｔｈｅｕｎｄｅｒｌｉｎｅｄｓｅｇｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｏＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ．ＹｏｕｒｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｃｌｅａｒｌｙｏｎＡＮＳＷＥＲＳＨＥＥＴ２．（１０ｐｏｉｎｔｓ）Ｉｎｈｉｓａｕｔｏｂｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，Ｄａｒｗｉｎｈｉｍｓｅｌｆｓｐｅａｋｓｏｆｈｉｓｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔｕａｌｐｏｗｅｒ，ｗｉｔｈｅｘｔｒａｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙｍｏｄｅｓｔｙ．Ｈｅｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｕｔｔｈａｔｈｅａｌｗａｙｓｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅｄｍｕｃｈｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｉｎｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｎｇｈｉｍｓｅｌｆｃｌｅａｒｌｙａｎｄｃｏｎｃｉｓｅｌｙ，ｂｕｔ（４６）ｈｅｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓｔｈａｔｔｈｉｓｖｅｒｙｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｍａｙｈａｖｅｈａｄｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｅｎｓａｔｉｎｇａｄ－ｖａｎｔａｇｅｏｆｆｏｒｃｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｔｈｉｎｋｌｏｎｇａｎｄｉｎｔｅｎｔｌｙａｂｏｕｔｅｖｅｒｙｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ，ａｎｄｔｈｕｓｅｎａｂｌｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｒｒｏｒｓｉｎｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇａｎｄｉｎｈｉｓｏｗｎｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｈｅｄｉｓｃｌａｉｍｅｄｔｈｅｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆａｎｙｇｒｅａｔｑｕｉｃｋｎｅｓｓｏｆａｐｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｏｎｏｒｗｉｔ，ｓｕｃｈａｓｄｉｓｔｉｎｇｕｉｓｈｅｄＨｕｘｌｅｙ．（４７）Ｈｅａｓｓｅｒｔｓ，ａｌｓｏ，ｔｈａｔｈｉｓｐｏｗｅｒｔｏｆｏｌｌｏｗａｌｏｎｇａｎｄｐｕｒｅｌｙａｂｓｔｒａｃｔｔｒａｉｎｏｆｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｗａｓｖｅｒｙｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ，ｆｏｒｗｈｉｃｈｒｅａｓｏｎｈｅｆｅｌｔｃｅｒｔａｉｎｔｈａｔｈｅｎｅｖｅｒｃｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｓｕｃｃｅｅｄｅｄｗｉｔｈｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃｓ．Ｈｉｓｍｅｍｏｒｙ，ｔｏｏ，ｂｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄａｓｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅ，ｂｕｔｈａｚｙ．Ｓｏｐｏｏｒｉｎｏｎｅｓｅｎｓｅｗａｓｉｔｔｈａｔｈｅｎｅｖｅｒｃｏｕｌｄｒｅｍｅｍｂｅｒｆｏｒｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎａｆｅｗｄａｙｓａｓｉｎｇｌｅｄａｔｅｏｒａｌｉｎｅｏｆｐｏｅｔｒｙ．（４８）Ｏｎｔｈｅｏｔｈｅｒｈａｎｄ，ｈｅｄｉｄｎｏｔａｃｃｅｐｔａｓｗｅｌｌｆｏｕｎｄｅｄｔｈｅｃｈａｒｇｅｍａｄｅｂｙｓｏｍｅｏｆｈｉｓｃｒｉｔｉｃｓｔｈａｔ，ｗｈｉｌｅｈｅｗａｓａｇｏｏｄｏｂｓｅｒｖｅｒ，ｈｅｈａｄｎｏｐｏｗｅｒｏｆｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇ．Ｔｈｉｓ，ｈｅｔｈｏｕｇｈｔ，ｃｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｂｅｔｒｕｅ，ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅ“ＯｒｉｇｉｎｏｆＳｐｅｃｉｅｓ”ｉｓｏｎｅｌｏｎｇａｒｇｕ－ｍｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｂｅｇｉｎｎｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｅｎｄ，ａｎｄｈａｓｃｏｎｖｉｎｃｅｄｍａｎｙａｂｌｅｍｅｎ．Ｎｏｏｎｅ，ｈｅｓｕｂｍｉｔｓ，ｃｏｕｌｄｈａｖｅｗｒｉｔｔｅｎｉｔｗｉｔｈｏｕｔｐｏｓｓｅｓｓｉｎｇｓｏｍｅｐｏｗｅｒｏｆｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇ．Ｈｅｗａｓｗｉｌｌｉｎｇｔｏａｓｓｅｒｔｔｈａｔ“Ｉｈａｖｅａｆａｉｒｓｈａｒｅｏｆｉｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｏｆｃｏｍｍｏｎｓｅｎｓｅｏｒｊｕｄｇｍｅｎｔ，ｓｕｃｈａｓｅｖｅｒｙｆａｉｒｌｙｓｕｃｃｅｓｓｆｕｌｌａｗｙｅｒｏｒｄｏｃｔｏｒｍｕｓｔｈａｖｅ，ｂｕｔｎｏｔ，Ｉｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ，ｉｎａｎｙｈｉｇｈｅｒｄｅｇｒｅｅ．”（４９）Ｈｅａｄｄｓｈｕｍｂｌｙｔｈａｔｐｅｒｈａｐｓｈｅｗａｓ“ｓｕｐｅｒｉｏｒｔｏｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｏｎｒｕｎｏｆｍｅｎｉｎｎｏｔｉｃｉｎｇｔｈｉｎｇｓｗｈｉｃｈｅａｓｉｌｙｅｓｃａｐｅａｔ－ｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｉｎｏｂｓｅｒｖｉｎｇｔｈｅｍｃａｒｅｆｕｌｌｙ．”Ｗｒｉｔｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｌａｓｔｙｅａｒｏｆｈｉｓｌｉｆｅ，ｈｅｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｅｄｔｈｅｏｐｉｎｉｏｎｔｈａｔｉｎｔｗｏｏｒｔｈｒｅｅｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｓｈｉｓｍｉｎｄｈａｄｃｈａｎｇｅｄｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅｐｒｅｃｅｄｉｎｇｔｗｅｎｔｙｏｒｔｈｉｒｔｙｙｅａｒｓ．Ｕｐｔｏｔｈｅａｇｅｏｆｔｈｉｒｔｙｏｒｂｅｙｏｎｄｉｔｐｏｅｔｒｙｏｆｍａｎｙｋｉｎｄｓｇａｖｅｈｉｍｇｒｅａｔｐｌｅａｓｕｒｅ．Ｆｏｒｍｅｒｌｙ，ｔｏｏ，ｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓｈａｄｇｉｖｅｎｈｉｍｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ－ａｂｌｅ，ａｎｄｍｕｓｉｃｖｅｒｙｇｒｅａｔ，ｄｅｌｉｇｈｔ．Ｉｎ１８８１，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，ｈｅｓａｉｄ：“ＮｏｗｆｏｒｍａｎｙｙｅａｒｓＩｃａｎｎｏｔｅｎ－ｄｕｒｅｔｏｒｅａｄａｌｉｎｅｏｆｐｏｅｔｒｙ．Ｉｈａｖｅａｌｓｏａｌｍｏｓｔｌｏｓｔｍｙｔａｓｔｅｆｏｒｐｉｃｔｕｒｅｓｏｒｍｕｓｉｃ．（５０）Ｄａｒｗｉｎｗａｓｃｏｎｖｉｎｃｅｄｔｈａｔｔｈｅｌｏｓｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｔａｓｔｅｓｗａｓｎｏｔｏｎｌｙａｌｏｓｓｏｆｈａｐｐｉｎｅｓｓ，ｂｕｔｍｉｇｈｔｐｏｓｓｉｂｌｙｂｅｉｎｊｕｒｉｏｕｓｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔ，ａｎｄｍｏｒｅｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｔｏｔｈｅｍｏｒａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒ．５６!考试专栏!评析：４６．这是一个带宾语从句的复合句，其框架结构如下：主句：Ｈｅｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓｔｈａｔ．．．他相信……宾语从句：ｔｈｉｓｖｅｒｙｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｍａｙｈａｖｅｈａｄｔｈｅａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ正是这种困难可能具有优势／优点并列的介词短语修饰成分：（ｔｈｅａｄｖａｎ－ｔａｇｅ）ｏｆｆｏｒｃｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｔｈｉｎｋ．．．ａｂｏｕｔｅｖｅｒｙｓｅｎｔｅｎｃｅ，ａｎｄｔｈｕｓ（ｏｆ）ｅｎａｂｌｉｎｇｈｉｍｔｏｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｒｒｏｒｓ．．．迫使他思考每一句话，从而使他能察觉错误（的这种优点）方式状语：ｌｏｎｇａｎｄｉｎｔｅｎｔｌｙ长时间专心地地点状语：ｉｎｒｅａｓｏｎｉｎｇａｎｄｉｎｈｉｓｏｗｎｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｓ在推理和他自己的观察中翻译这句话最棘手的是宾语从句中ａｄｖａｎｔａｇｅ的前后修饰成分。
2009年华东师范大学外语学院811翻译和写作考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
第一部分翻译（共80分）一、改错1．ハイヒールの音がして女性があらわれた。
燃えるような金髪で、たしなみのいいスーツ。
三十前後、若さの美が消えかける寸前、かわって熟した果実の艷が全身をつつんでいる。
译文：这时传来一阵髙跟鞋的声音，一位女士出现了。
30岁左右，灿烂的金发，时髦的裙装，正处于青春美貌开始消失的前夕，全身散发出成熟果实般的光彩。
【答案】这时传来一阵髙跟鞋的声音，一位女士出现了。
30岁左右，灿烂的金发，时髦的裙装，专属青春的美艳即将消失，取而代之的是全身散发出成熟果实般的光彩。
【解析】译文将「若さの美が消えかける寸前」翻译为“正处于青春美貌开始消失的前夕”是不够准确，「かける」接下动词的连用形后面确实可以表示动作的开始，但在这句话中应该表示的是动作的即将发生，即“将要消失”。
2．ガラスごしに中が見えたが、ポル卜ガル文化庁の役人らしい人が、退屈そうに新聞を読んでいた。
きちんと髮をなでつけ、窮屈そうな背広にネクタイ。
赴任してきて愕然としたのではあるまいか。
シャツを巻き上げ、肩のところに洗灌バサミをつけた人々に、いかにしてボルトガル文化を普及すればいいのだろう？译文：隔着玻璃窗能看见里面有个人正无精打采地看着报纸，像是葡萄牙文化庁的官员。
头发梳得一丝不乱，略显紧小的西装上配着领带，可能才上任不久，尚不太适应吧。
还不知道该如何向人们普及葡萄牙文化，他们喜欢巻起汗衫并用晾衣夹固定在肩上。
【答案】隔着玻璃窗能看见里面有个人正无精打采地看着报纸，像是葡萄牙文化庁的官员。
头发梳得一丝不乱，略显紧小的西装上配着领带，可能才上任不久，尚不太适应吧。
面对喜欢卷起汗衫并用晾衣架固定在肩上的人们，他们还不知道如何去普及葡萄牙文化。
【解析】译文对原文最后一句话的「シャツを巻き上げ、肩のところに洗灌バサミをつけた人々に、いかにしてボルトガル文化を普及すればいいのだろう？」有误。
这句话的主语是「役人らしい人」，「シャツを巻き上げ、肩のところに洗灌バサミをつけた」修饰「人々」的定语，而不是译文中翻译的那样修饰「役人らしい人」。
08考研英语翻译试题解析及参考答案
此句解析 单词injurious是超纲词，超纲词的处理方法之一是拆分并寻找熟悉的部分。大部分同学可以通过观察迅速发现，这 个词同injury和injure等大纲单词是同根词。
46． he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations,
49．He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully."
参考答案：他谦逊地补充道，或许他“比普通人更能够注意到那些容易忽视的细节，并对其进行仔细的观察”。
50． Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.
2008年华东师范大学外语学院翻译考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
一、改错1．わたしたちが毎日使っていることばの中には、パン、ミルク、コッブなどのように、主に西洋の国々から入って来て、日本語になったことばがある。
こういうことばを外来語という。
外来語は、外国との行き来や貿易にともなって、その国の文物とともに入って来たものである。
译文：在我们每天使用的单词当中有像“面包”、“牛奶”、“杯”等，主要是来自西欧各国，业己成为日语的单词。
像这样的单词称为外来语。
外来语是随着与外国的交往，贸易的往来，与这些国家的文物一起进来的。
【答案】在我们每天使用的单词当中有像“面包”、“牛奶”、“杯”等，主要是来自西方各国，业己成为日语的单词。
像这样的单词称为外来语。
外来语是随着与外国的交往，贸易的往来，与这些国家的文物一起进来的。
【解析】译文中对「西洋」这一词的翻译不准确，根据历史常识可以得知，「西洋」既包括“欧洲各国”，还包括“美国”等。
因此，译文仅将其限定为“西欧”是不正确的。
2．禅海和尚には虚栄心がなかった。
高位の憎の陥りがちな弊であるが、人物から書画骨董にいたるまでの万般の鑑識眼を恃まれるので、あとで鑑識の誤まりを嗤われぬように、断定的なことを言うまいとする人がある。
もちろん禅僧風の独断を即座に下してみせるが、どちらにも意味のとれるような余地を残しておくのである。
禅海和尚はそうではなかった。
彼が見たまま感じたままを言っていることがよくわかった。
彼|は自分の単純な強い目に映る事物に、ことさら意味を求めたりすることはなかった。
意味はあってもよく、なくてもよい。
译文：禅海大和尚不慕虚荣，虽然在声誉高的方丈身上这是极易出现的通病。
一股人总是从交友到鉴赏书画古董，万般皆凭所谓的鉴识眼；所以生怕贻笑大方，从来不肯说句肯定的话。
纵然有时也带有禅僧的独断与顿悟，总还是要留有灵活解脱的余地来。
禅海却不这样，他是怎么想就怎么说，看事情全凭自己单纯的透视、解析，概不另求是否还有什么其它意义。
【答案】禅海和尚没有虚荣心。
2008年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案6
27.C 解析：从⽂章 本题的答案信息来源在⽂章的第⼆段。
第⼆段说到，互联使接触到科学结果成为⼀个现实。
OECD刚刚发布⼀个报告，描写了其深远的影响。
这份报告使到⽬前为⽌赢得不菲利润的很多出版商争相阅读(the report make heavy reading for publishers)。
第三段说到核⼼科学出版市场利润巨⼤，第四段说到，这种情况正在改变，也是在线出版可能让他们利润下滑，所以让他们有些不安，故答案为C。
28.A 解析：从⽂章结构看，⽂章第⼀段重点地介绍了传统的出版⽅式，这种⽅式使科学⼯作者只有订购了该科学杂志才可以获得科学的结果。
⽂章第⼆段介绍⼀种新型的出版⽅式——络出版，使得科技⼈员容易获得科学结果。
第三段谈到科学的价值和投资回报取决于杂志的发⾏量和易获得性。
第四段具体介绍了这⼀新趋势的主要出版模式。
从⽂章的中⼼是关于⼀种新的出版⽅式，以及它给科学杂志出版带来的影响——可以更⽅便的获得科学结果。
中⼼词含有access，反应中⼼的是解，可以确定答案为A。
29.A 解析：从⽂中“there is open-access publishing,typically supported by asking the author to pay for the paper to be publish”可知答案为A。
30.B 解析：正于28题分析的，本⽂中⼼介绍了⼀种出版新的趋势——络出版。
B正是这⼀观点的⾼度概括，故答案为B. Passage three 31. A ⽂中“…listed at over seven feet. If he had ….The bodies.. changed dramatically over the years”可以看出此段主要讲述NBA球员⾝⾼的变化；另外，从⽂章中⼼来看，可以排出B，C，D。
因此选A 32. C 从第三段“but as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have increased in height by…..”可以看出⽣活⽔平对于⾝体成长起着⾮常重要的作⽤；另外，A，B，D选项所涉及的genetic modification ,natural environment 和daily exercise ⽂中并没有提到； 33. B 题⼲中提到“most probably..”，通过排出法，可以确定B为选项。
2008年英语一真题翻译解析
2008年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题文章翻译Section I Use of English对于一些假设，人们尽管承认其合理性却不敢提出来，“有些民族同其他民族相比天资聪颖”就是这样的假设之一，但Gregory Cochran准备将其提出。
他是个少见的人，独立工作，不属于任何研究机构，曾经使这样一种观点得到普及，即人们以前并不认为是由细菌引起的一些疾病，实际上也是传染病，而这一观点一经提出就引发了大量争论。
但即使是他这样的人，一想到自己将要做的事也可能会不寒而栗。
他同其他两位科学家一起发表了一篇文章，这篇文章中不仅提出有些民族比其他民族聪明，而且解释了产生这一现象的过程。
他们所讨论的是源于欧洲中部的一个特殊民族，这一过程就是自然选择。
这一民族通常在智商（IQ）测试中都会取得很好的成绩，比平均值100高出12-15分，而且他们对西方的学术和文化生活做出了贡献，其中的精英分子，包括闻名世界的科学家，用自己的事业证实了这一点。
另一方面，与多数人相比，他们更容易患有很多严重的遗传病，例如乳癌。
然而以前认为这些现象之间是没有关联的。
人们把前者归因于社会影响，如尊重教育的坚定传统，而后者被看作是遗传隔离的结果。
Cochran博士指出智商和疾病是紧密联系的，他认为这些民族非同寻常的历史使他们服从于进化的压力，而进化的压力导致了这一看似矛盾的事实。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1现代生活中，女性仍在很多方面努力超越男性，但她们似乎已经在一个领域位居前列，尽管这一领域并不令人满意。
纽约退伍军人管理医院的首席精神病专家Yehuda医生说：“同男性相比，女性在面临压力时更容易产生精神紊乱和焦虑不安。
”针对动物以及人类所做的研究表明，性荷尔蒙在一定程度上影响面临压力时所作出的反应，面临压力的女性与同样条件下的男性相比，会产生更多的突发化学物质。
在一些研究中，当研究人员将极度紧张的雌鼠卵巢（女性生殖器官）切除，雌鼠产生的化学反应与雄鼠相同。
英语专业八级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案
英语专业八级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案说明：本处提供的参考答案完全是为了教学、教育目的而制作，参考答案分别源自福州大学外国语学院英语系翻译课程小组及邹申主编的《新编高等院校英语专业八级考试指南》［2001，上海：上海外语教育出版社］（转引自松园英文书院和《中国翻译》等，供同学们学习、比较。
1995年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is “important”and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for smalldecencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.参考译文：对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。
2008年考研英语真题—答案
2008年硕士研究生入学考试考研英语真题答案第一部分 USE OF ENGLISHSection I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10points）The idea that some groups of people may be intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it any way. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, hut explains the process that has brought this about. The group in8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9_ 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1.[A]selected [B]prepared [C]obliged [D]Pleased2.[A]unique [B]particular [C]special [D]rare3.[A]of [B]with [C]in [D]against4.[A]subsequently [B]presently [C]previously [D]lately5.[A]Only [B]So [C]Even [D]Hence6.[A]thought [B]sight [C]cost [D]risk7.[A]advise [B]suggests [C]protests [D]objects8.[A]progress [B]fact [C]need [D]question9.[A]attaining [B]scoring [C]reaching [D]calculating10.[A]normal [B]common [C]mean [D]total11.[A]unconsciously [B]disproportionately [C]indefinitely [D]unaccountably12.[A]missions [B]fortunes [C]interests [D]careers13.[A]affirm [B]witness [C]observe [D]approve14.[A]moreover [B]therefore [C]however [D]meanwhile15.[A]given up [B]got over [C]carried on [D]put down16.[A]assessing [B]supervising [C]administrating [D]valuing17.[A]development [B]origin [C]consequence [D]instrument18.[A]linked [B] integrated [C]woven [D]combined19.[A]limited [B]subjected [C]converted [D]directed20.[A]paradoxical [B]incompatible [C]inevitable [D]continuous文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。
2008年英语真题
2008年全国硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each num bered blank and m ark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that som e groups of people may be m ore intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that som e diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is m ore intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in8 are a parti cular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than m ost people from a number of nast y genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 ave previously been thought unrelated. The form er has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs.1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating10. [A] normal [B] common [C] m ean [D] total11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve14. [A] m oreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] m eanwhile15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] com bined19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching-up to m en in som e spheres of modern life, wom en appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. ―Wom en are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,‖ according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce m ore of the trigger chem icals than do m ales under the sam e conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out fem ale rats had their ovaries (the fem ale reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses becam e equal to those of the m ales.Adding to a wom an’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased ―opportunities‖ for stress. ―It’s not necessarily that wom en don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much m ore to cope with,‖ says Dr. Yehuda. ―Their capacity for tolerating stress m ay even be greater than m en’s,‖ she observes, ―it’s just that they’re deali ng with so m any m ore things that they becom e worn out from it m ore visibly and sooner.‖Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. ―I think that the kinds of things that wom en are exposed to tend to be in m ore of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to com bat stress. Men are exposed to m ore acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that wom en are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other fam ily m embers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that com es from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.‖Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. ―I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was m y escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.‖ Later, her m arriage ended and she becam e a single mother. ―It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car paym ent, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.‖Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But m ost wom en today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alv arez’s experience dem onstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Wom en are biologically more vulnerab le to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by m en.[C] Women are m ore experienced than m en in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that wom en[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.[D] are exposed to m ore stress.23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress wom en confront tends to be[A] dom estic and temporary.[B] irregular and violent.[C] durable and frequent.[D] trivial and random.24. The sentence ―I lived from paycheck to paycheck.‖ (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but m aking money.[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered he r household expenses.[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say[D] Gender Inequality: Wom en Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal edit or would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it –is m aking access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, m ade handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key elem ent of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investm ent in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In Am erica, the core scientific publishing m arket is estim ated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers saysthat there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in som e 16,000 journals. This is now changing. According to the OECD report, som e 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three m ain ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for acc ess to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his em ployer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before m aking it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses[A] the background information of journal editing.[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D] the traditional process of journal publication.27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective m eans of publication.[C] It upsets profit-m aking journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.[C] it em phasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.[D] it facilitates public investm ent in scientific research.29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to[A] cover the cost of its publication.[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.[D] com plete the peer-review before submission.30. Which of the following best summarizes the m ain idea of the text?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is em erging.[C] Authors welcom e the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and m anagers have been m orethan willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer fram es.The trend in sports, though, m ay be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Am ericans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for m any generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. ―In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty m uch gone as far as we can go,‖ says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, dem ands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height –5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women –hasn’t really changed since 1960. Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. ―There are som e real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,‖ says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic m aximu ms can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Arm y Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of m ilitary uniforms has not changed for som e time. And if you need to predict hum an height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, ―you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.‖31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an exam ple to[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C] com pare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievem ents of fam ous NBA players.32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the t ext?[A] Genetic m odification.[B] Natural environm ent.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33. On which of the following statem ents would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Am ericans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Am ericans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to becom e taller in adulthood.34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A] the garm ent industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsm en.[D] the existing data of hum an height will still be applicable.35. The text intends to tell us that[A] the change of hum an he ight follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even m ore predictable.[C] Am ericans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Am ericans has altered.Text 4In 1784, five years before he becam e president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the m ouths of his slaves.That’s a far different im age from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember f rom their history books. But recently, m any historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence m ade available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the m oral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that m any of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their tim e. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was ―like having a large bank account,‖ says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the ―peculiar i nstitution,‖ including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a m an for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesm en’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths form ula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the preside ntial election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jeff erson freed Hemings’s children –though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all m enwere created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcam e the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36. George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to[A] show the primit ive m edical practice in the past.[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.37. We may infer from the second paragraph that[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.[D] political com promises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.38. What do we learn about Thom as Jefferson?[A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.[B] His status as a father m ade him free the child slaves.[C] His attitude towards slavery was com plex.[D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Som e Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.40. Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his[A] m oral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been rem oved. For Questions 41—45, choose the m ost suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fi t in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The tim e for sharpening penc ils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41) -------Be flexible. Your outline should sm oothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42) ------- Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing m ost often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search forerrors.(43) ------- Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side. If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few sim ple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44) ------- These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete m aterial that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote ―The A & P as a State of Mind‖ wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward wom en. (45) -------Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many tim es – and then again – working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A] To m ake revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.[B] After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs dem and equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C] It’s worth rem embering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their dat a on disks and print their pages each tim e they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D] It m akes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have m ade.[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of inclu ding that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P ―policy‖ he enforces.[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in ―A & P,‖ the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.[G] By using the first draft as a m eans of thinking about what you want to say, youwill very likely discover m ore than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to com pose a perfectly correct draft the first tim e around.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segm ent s into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) In his autobiography, Darwin him self speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with m athem atics. His m emory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by som e of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the ―Origin of Species‖ is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced m any able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that ―I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.‖ (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was ―superior to the common run of m en in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.‖Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of m any kinds gave him great pleasure. Form erly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: ―Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost m y taste for pictures or music.‖ (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and m ore probably to the m oral character. Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:You have just com e back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) m ake an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use ―Li Ming‖ instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended m eaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2008年硕士研究生考试英语真题详解完型填空1、答案：B解析：本题测试语义逻辑衔接。
2008年华东师范大学翻译考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2008年华东师范大学翻译考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Translate the following into Chinese. (75 points)One sunny morning in June in the 1810’s, there drove up to the gates of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for young ladies, a large family coach. “It is Mrs. Seldley’s coach, sister,” said Miss Jemima. “Hav e you completed all the necessary preparations for Miss Sedley’s departure? I trust you have made a copy of Miss Sedley’s account. Be kind enough to address it to John Sedley, and to seal this letter that I have written to his lady,” said Miss Pinkerton he rself.Miss Sedley was a lovely young lady. She had such a kind, generous heart that she won the love of everyone who came near her. Her face blushed with rosy health and her eyes sparkled with the brightest and honestest good-humor. Miss Pinkerton spoke highly of her in the letter and it completed, she began to write her own name and Miss Sedley’s on the first page of a Johnson’s Dictionary, which she always presented to her pupils on their departure.Miss Jemima, with rather a timid air, handed her sister a second copy of the book. “For Becky Sharp,” said she,“she’s going too.” “Miss Jemima!” exclaimed Miss Pinkerton, “Are you in your sense? Replace the dictionary in the closet.”Miss Sedley’s father was a merchant in London and a man of some wealth, while Miss Sharp was an articled student, for whom Miss Pinkerton thought shehad done enough, without conferring upon her the honor of the dictionary.Miss Sharp’s father was an artist, and had given lessons of drawing at Miss Pinkerton’s school. He was a clever man but with a habit of running into debt. He married a French opera girl. When both her parents died, Rebecca was seventeen and came to Miss Pinkerton’s school as an articled student. She was small and thin; pale, sandy-haired, and with eyes habitually cast down: when they looked up they were very large, odd and attractive. The happiness, the superior advantage of the young women about her, gave Rebecca an inexpressible feeling of envy. “I am a thousand times cleverer and more charming than most of them, yet everybody ignores me.” She determined at any rate to change her fate.She took advantage of the means of study that was offered to her and went through the little course of education considered necessary for young ladies at those days. Her music she practiced continuously, and one day she was overheard to play a piece so well that Miss Pinkerton thought she could spare herself the expense of a master for the juniors and told Miss Sharp that she was to instruct them in music. To the astonishment o f the headmistress, the girl refused. “I am here to speak French with the children,” Rebecca said, “not to teach them music, and save money for you. Give me money, and I will teach them.” The lady was obliged to yield, though she spoke of having nourished a snake in her chest.“There is no question of gratitude between us,” was Rebecca’s answer, “You took me because I was useful. Give me a sum of money and get rid of me, or, if you like better, get me a good place as governess in a nobleman’s family.” AsMiss Pinkerton could not cancel her contract without making some payment, she at last, hearing that Sir Pitt Crawley’s family was in want of a governess, actually recommended Miss Sharp for the post.Thus the world began for these two young ladies. Invited by the gentle, tender-hearted Amelia, the only person with whom she could have some kind of friendship, Rebecca was to stay with the Sedley’s for ten days before she took the new job.——From Vanity Fair by W.M. Thackery 【参考译文】在1810年六月里的一天早上，天气晴朗，平克顿女子学校的大铁门前面来了一辆宽敞的私人马车。
2008年英语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2008年英语专业八级真题及详解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2008)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT:150MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(25MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture.You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening to the mini-lecture,please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now,listen to the mini-lecture.When it is over,you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.The Popularity of English【答案与解析】(1)native/first languages细节题。
讲座主要是关于英语流行的主要原因，讲座一开始主要从三方面陈述了英语的使用现状，本题主要针对英语作为一种通用语(lingua franca）的使用情况设题。
讲座中第一段的最后一句提到通用语指的是一种广泛地应用于两个不同的本国语者之间的语言，说话者双方或其中一方把该语言作为第二语言来使用。
2008年英语专业八级考试试题原题及答案解析
答案在：第11页TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS（2008）—GRADE EIGHT—TIME LIMIT: 195MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI -LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. You notes will not be market, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task for after the mini- lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE.Use the blank sheet for note- tanking.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview1. Mary doesn't seem to favour the idea of a new airport becauseA. the existing airports are to be wastedB. more people will be encouraged to travel.C. more oil will be consumed.D. more airplanes will be purchased.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Mary as a potential disadvantage?A. More people in the area.B. Noise and motorways.C. Waste of land.D. Unnecessary travel.3. Freddy has cited the following advantages for a new airport EXCEPTA. more job opportunities.B. vitality to the local economy.C. road construction,D. presence of aircrew in the area.4. Mary thinks that people dont need to do much travel nowadays as a result ofA. less emphasis on personal contact.B. advances in modern telecommunications.C. recent changes in peoples concepts.D. more potential damage to the area5. We learn from the conversation that Freddy is Marys ideas,A. strongly in favour ofB. mildly in favour ofC. strongly againstD. mildly againstSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. A new government was formed after Sundays elections.B. The new government intends to change the welfare system.C. The Social Democratic Party founded the welfare system.D. The Social Democratic Party was responsible for high unemployment.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. The tapes of the Apollo-11 mission were first stored inA. a U.S. government archives warehouse.B. a NASA ground tracking station.C. the Goddard Space Flight Centre.D. none of the above places.8. What does the news item say about Richard Nafzger?A. He is assigned the task to look for the tapes.B. He believes that the tapes are probably lost.C. He works in a NASA ground receiving site.D. He had asked for the tapes in the 1970s.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.9. The example in the news item is cited mainly to showA. that doctors are sometimes professionally incompetentB. that in cases like that hospitals have to pay huge compensations.C. that language barriers might lower the quality of treatment.D. that language barriers can result in fatal consequences.10. According to Dr. Flores, hospitals and clinicsA. have seen the need for hiring trained interpreters.B. have realized the problems of language barriers.C. have begun training their staff to be bilinguals.D. have taken steps to provide accurate diagnosis.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet。
英语专业八级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案
刘宏伟整理目录1995年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (3)1996年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (5)1997年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (7)1998年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (9)1999年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (11)2000年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (13)2002年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (17)2003年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (19)2004年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及及参考译文 (21)2005年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (22)2006年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (23)2007年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (24)2008年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (25)2009年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文 (26)1995年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分及参考译文C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is ―important‖ and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ or chards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as ―part of us.‖Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,moreexceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.参考译文：对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。
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2008年华东师范大学外语学院812翻译考研真题及详解I.Translate the following into Chinese:(75points)One sunny morning in June in the1810’s,there drove up to the gates of Miss Pinkerton’s academy for young ladies,a large family coach.“It is Mrs.Seldley’s coach,sister,”said Miss Jemima.“Have you completed all the necessary preparations for Miss Sedley’s departure?I trust you have made a copy of Miss Sedley’s account.Be kind enough to address it to John Sedley,and to seal this letter that I have written to his lady,”said Miss Pinkerton herself.Miss Sedley was a lovely young lady.She had such a kind,generous heart that she won the love of everyone who came near her.Her face blushed with rosy health and her eyes sparkled with the brightest and honestest good-humor.Miss Pinkerton spoke highly of her in the letter and it completed,she began to write her own name and Miss Sedley’s on the first page of a Johnson’s Dictionary,which she always presented to her pupils on their departure.Miss Jemima,with rather a timid air,handed her sister a second copy of the book.“For Becky Sharp,”said she,“she’s going too.”“Miss Jemima!”exclaimed Miss Pinkerton,“Are you in your sense?Replace the dictionary in the closet.”Miss Sedley’s father was a merchant in London and a man of some wealth, while Miss Sharp was an articled student,for whom Miss Pinkerton thought she had done enough,without conferring upon her the honor of the dictionary.Miss Sharp’s father was an artist,and had given lessons of drawing at MissPinkerton’s school.He was a clever man but with a habit of running into debt.He married a French opera girl.When both her parents died,Rebecca was seventeen and came to Miss Pinkerton’s school as an articled student.She was small and thin; pale,sandy-haired,and with eyes habitually cast down:when they looked up they were very large,odd and attractive.The happiness,the superior advantage of the young women about her,gave Rebecca an inexpressible feeling of envy.“I am a thousand times cleverer and more charming than most of them,yet everybody ignores me.”She determined at any rate to change her fate.She took advantage of the means of study that was offered to her and went through the little course of education considered necessary for young ladies at those days.Her music she practiced continuously,and one day she was overheard to play a piece so well that Miss Pinkerton thought she could spare herself the expense of a master for the juniors and told Miss Sharp that she was to instruct them in music.To the astonishment of the headmistress,the girl refused.“I am here to speak French with the children,”Rebecca said,“not to teach them music, and save money for you.Give me money,and I will teach them.”The lady was obliged to yield,though she spoke of having nourished a snake in her chest.“There is no question of gratitude between us,”was Rebecca’s answer,“You took me because I was useful.Give me a sum of money and get rid of me,or,if you like better,get me a good place as governess in a nobleman’s family.”As Miss Pinkerton could not cancel her contract without making some payment,she at last, hearing that Sir Pitt Crawley’s family was in want of a governess,actuallyrecommended Miss Sharp for the post.Thus the world began for these two young ladies.Invited by the gentle, tender-hearted Amelia,the only person with whom she could have some kind of friendship,Rebecca was to stay with the Sedley’s for ten days before she took the new job.—From Vanity Fair by W.M.Thackery 【参考译文】在1810年六月里的一天早上，天气晴朗，平克顿女子学校的大铁门前面来了一辆宽敞的私人马车。
吉米玛小姐说：“姐姐，赛特笠太太的马车来了。
”“赛特笠小姐离校以前的必要手续办好没有，吉米玛小姐？我想你已经把赛特笠小姐的费用单子抄出来了，请你在信封上写上约翰·赛特笠先生的名字，把我写给他太太的信也封进去。
”说话的是是平克顿小姐本人。
赛特笠小姐是一位可爱的年轻小姐。
她心地厚道，性格温柔可疼，周围的人没一个不爱她。
她脸色红润，显得很健康，嘴角卷着甜迷迷的笑容，明亮的眼睛里闪闪发光，流露出最真诚的快活。
平克顿小姐在信里高度称赞了她。
信写完之后，平克顿小姐在一本约翰逊字典的首页上写了她自己的和赛特笠小姐的名字。
凡是学生离开，她从来不忘记把这本著作相赠。
吉米玛小姐带着迟疑不决的样子，小心翼翼的把第二本也递给她，“给蓓基·夏泼，”吉米玛说道，“她也要走了。
”平克顿小姐大声嚷道：“吉米玛小姐，你疯了吗？把字典仍旧搁在柜子里！”赛特笠小姐的爸爸在伦敦做买卖，手里很有几个钱，而夏泼小姐不过是学校里的实习生，平克顿小姐认为自己已经给了她不少好处，不必再在分手的时候特别抬举她，送她字典。
夏泼小姐的父亲是个画家，在平克顿女学校教过图画。
他是个聪明人，可是老是东借西挪欠下账目。
他娶了一个唱歌剧的法国女人。
当她的父母都死后，丽贝卡才17岁，接着就来到平克顿女子学校半教半读。
她身量瘦小，脸色苍白，头发是淡黄色的。
她惯常低眉垂目，抬起眼来看人的时候，眼睛显得很特别，不但大，而且动人。
看见她周围的小姐们那么福气，享受种种权利，说不出的眼红。
“我比她们绝大多数人都要聪明可爱一千倍，但是大家对我却视而不见”，丽贝卡决心无论如何都要改变自己的命运。
她利用学校给她的便利发奋求学，很快得到了当时上流小姐必须具备的知识。
她不断的练琴，有一天，有人听见她弹琴，那技巧非常高明。
平克顿小姐因此得了个聪明的主意，她叫夏泼小姐教低班学生弹琴，借此可以省掉一个音乐教员。
女孩子一口拒绝，这把校长吓了一跳。
丽贝卡不客气的回答道：“我的责任是给小孩儿说法文，不是教她们音乐给你省钱的。
给我钱，我就教。
”平克顿小姐只能让步，尽管她说她在胸口养了一条毒蛇。