中考被动语态考点解读(
中考英语中被动语态特殊情况(中考英语被动语态讲解)
中考英语中被动语态特殊情况(中考英语被动语态讲解)被动语态一一、用法1.说话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省by 短语)。
例: My bike was stolen last night.突出动作的执行者。
例: I was given ten minutes to decide whether I shouldaccept the offer.为了更好地安排句子。
例:The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.二.构成“be +及物动词的过去分词”(be 有人称、数和时态的变化)1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are done (过去分词)例:They speak English. → English is spoken (by people)2.一般过去时的被动语态: was/were done例: He watered the flowers just now . → The flowers were watered just now .3.一般将来时的被动语态: shall/will be done例:We will clean the classroom. → The classroom will be cleaned (by us ) .4.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is /are being done例:Tom is picking apples . → Apples are being picking by Tom5.过去进行时的被动语态 was/were being done6.现在完成时的被动语态: has /have been done例; The workers have built a house. → A house has beenbuilt by the workers .7.过去完成时的被动语态:had been done8.过去将来时的被动语态:should/would be done例:You would look after him well . → He would be looked after well .9.情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be+过去分词例:The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.三.步骤主动语态变被动语态1、找:找主语、找宾语(找原主动句中的主语和宾语)2、换:换位置,主语变宾语,宾语变主语3、改:动词改成be done的被动形式(其人称和数随主语变化,动词时态则保持不变)4、加:加by( 宾格),加附属(定语、状语),by 宾格可省略。
九年级被动语态语法知识点
九年级被动语态语法知识点被动语态是英语语法中的一个重要部分,它用来描述句子的主语是被动者,而动作的执行者则成为句子的宾语。
在九年级的英语学习中,学生将接触到被动语态的相关知识点。
本文将为大家介绍九年级被动语态的三个主要知识点。
知识点一:被动语态的构成被动语态的构成由be动词的不同形式加上过去分词组成。
根据每个时态的规则,我们可以将被动语态的构成进行总结。
1. 一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词例:Active: The teacher explains the lesson.Passive: The lesson is explained by the teacher.2. 一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词例:Active: They cleaned the classroom.Passive: The classroom was cleaned by them.3. 一般将来时的被动语态:will be + 过去分词例:Active: She will write a letter.Passive: A letter will be written by her.4. 现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are + being + 过去分词例:Active: They are building a new house.Passive: A new house is being built by them.5. 过去进行时的被动语态:was/were + being + 过去分词例:Active: He was repairing his bike.Passive: His bike was being repaired by him.6. 现在完成时的被动语态:has/have been + 过去分词例:Active: She has written a book.Passive: A book has been written by her.知识点二:被动语态的用法被动语态在英语中有着重要的应用。
中考 Grammar:中考英语被动语态语法讲解
中考Grammar:中考英语被动语态语法讲解一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。
如:He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。
(主动语态)The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
(被动语态)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。
疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种,现以动词clean为例列表说明:1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2)has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we'reready to start.3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时例A newcinema is being built here.4)was/were done 一般过去时例I wasgiven ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5)had been done 过去完成时例By theend of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6)was/were being done 过去进行时例Ameeting was being held when I was there.7)shall/will be done 一般将来时例Hundredsof jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8)shall/will have been done 将来完成时例Theproject will have been completed before July.2、被动语态的句式变化:以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为:情态动词+be+过去分词;其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成,“be+过去分词”部分不变。
中考英语被动语态知识点讲解
中考英语被动语态知识点讲解被动语态(Passive Voice)是英语中的一种常用的语法结构。
在被动语态中,动作的接受者或对象成为句子的主语,而动作的执行者则成为句子的宾语。
被动语态一般由be动词的不同形式加上动词的过去分词构成。
以下是被动语态的几个重要知识点的详细讲解:1.被动语态的构成:被动语态的基本结构为:be动词 + 过去分词。
其中,be动词的形式要根据句子的时态、人称和数来变化。
下表是be动词的不同形式:时态,单数,复数--------------------------一般现在时, is , are一般过去时, was , were一般将来时, will be , will be现在进行时, is being , are being过去进行时, was being, were being现在完成时, has been , have been过去完成时, had been , had been将来完成时, will have been , will have been2.被动语态的用法:被动语态常用于以下情况:- 当行为执行者不重要或不知道时,一般用被动语态。
例如:The car was repaired yesterday.(这辆车昨天被修好了。
)- 当强调动作的承受者而不是执行者时,使用被动语态。
例如:The book was written by a famous author.(这本书是由一位著名作家写的。
)- 当句子的主语是一个无生命的物体时,常用被动语态。
例如:The window was broken by the wind.(窗户被风摔坏了。
)3.需要注意的细节:- 当句子的主语是第三人称单数时,be动词的形式要用is,而不是are。
例如:The book is being read by my sister.(这本书正在我妹妹看。
)- 当使用被动语态时,动词的过去分词形式要正确使用。
中考被动语态详解与练习含答案
中考被动语态详细讲解与练习知识点1:被动语态的基本知识1。
语态:英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系,英语的动词有两种语态形式,即主动语态和被动语态.如果主语是动作的执行者,谓语动词用主动语态。
如果主语是动作的对象,谓语动词用被动语态。
2。
主动语态与被动语态的转化:①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构;③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后(有时可省略). 例:Wevisitedthat factorylast summer.→主动语态主语谓语宾语状语That factorywas visitedby uslast summer→被动语态主语谓语宾语状语3. 用法:被动语态常用于以下两种情况:(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者;例:This cloth is made of cotton。
(2)强调动作的承受者.例:Her bike is stolen 。
例题1:单选题1:(2012福建福州)— Our classroom____________every day.—So it is。
It’s our duty to keep it clean and tidy.A. cleansB. is cleaning C。
is cleaned D. cleaning2:(2013陕西)The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _________.A. inventsB. inventedC. is invented D。
was invented3:(2013江苏南京)It is said that an Asian Culture Village inside the AYG, Village in Nanjingin the coming Asian Youth Games period。
中考被动语态知识点归纳
精心整理精心整理中考被动语态知识点归纳一.定义:主语与谓语动词之间存在被动承受关系的语态形式。
二.用法:1.不明动作执行者时,用被动语态。
2.没必要指出动作执行者时,用被动语态。
3.突出或强调动作承受这时,用被动语态。
三.结构:be+done?各种时态中被动语态的句型结构:1. 一般现在时:am/is/aredone4.现在进行时:am/is/arebeingdone5.过去进行时:was/werebeingdone2.一般过去时:was/weredone6.现在完成时:have/hasbeendone7.过去完成时:hadbeendone不定,notice )以上动词做谓语动词时,在主动语态中与省略to 的不定时连用,而在被动语态中要与带to 的不定时连用,即:主动语态to 省略,被动语态to 回来。
eg.Ioftenseehimhelptheold.我经常看到他帮助老人。
Heisoftenseentohelptheoldbyme.他经常被我看到帮助老人。
2.双宾语变被动语态时,直接或间接宾语均可转化为主语,但直接宾语变主语时,间接宾语前常加上介词for 或to 。
eg.Jackboughtagiftforme.杰克为我买了一份礼物。
AgiftwasboughtforbyJack.或IwasboughtagiftbyJack.3.一些动词短语用于被动语态时,要是为一个整体,不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
精心整理精心整理eg.Wemustfinishtheworkcarefully.我们必须认真完成这项工作。
Theworkmustbefinishedcarefullybyus.4.带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,只变宾语为被动句主语,宾语补足语不变。
eg.Iaskedhertogowithme.我叫她跟我一起去。
Shewasaskedtogowithme.七.不能用被动语态的情况1.谓语动词为不及物动词或不及物动词短语时,不用被动语态。
初三的英语被动语态详细讲解
3. 当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:
•The pen _________ (write) vewrryitfeasst.
•This kind of sweater _______ (sell) well.
sells
变被动语态:
1 . He tells us a story every evening . We are told a story by him every evening . A story is told to us by him every evening .
主
谓
宾(受动者)
Bowls every day.
are washed
by his brother
2. They bought ten computers last term.
Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般过去时:S+was/were +过去分词
S + will+be+过去分词.
1.一般现在时 am/is/are +done
• We clean the classroom every day. • The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
返回
2.一般过去时 was/were+done
He made the kite. The kite was made by him.
11. I won’t write to my grandpa this evening . My grandpa won’t be written to this evening by me .
中考被动语态知识点归纳
中考被动语态知识点归纳被动语态是英语中的一种重要语法现象,中考中经常会涉及到被动语态的考查。
学生在备考中需要掌握被动语态的基本用法和构成方式。
下面是对中考被动语态知识点的归纳,供学生参考:一、被动语态的基本用法1.表达动作的承受者不明确或不重要时使用被动语态。
例如:The book was lost.(书丢了。
)The window was broken.(窗户被打破了。
)2.当主语是动作的承受者时,使用被动语态。
例如:A new bridge will be built.(将修建一座新桥。
)The cake was eaten by the children.(蛋糕被孩子们吃掉了。
)二、被动语态的构成方式1.一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词例如:The house is built by the workers.(这座房子是工人们建造的。
)The bridge is being repaired.(这座桥正在修理。
)2.一般过去时的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词例如:The book was written by Mark Twain.(这本书是马克吐温写的。
)The cake was made by my mother.(这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。
)3.现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are + being + 过去分词例如:The letter is being written by Tom.(这封信是汤姆在写。
)The garden is being watered by my father.(这个花园正在被我爸爸浇水。
)4.过去进行时的被动语态:was/were + being + 过去分词例如:The house was being built when it started raining.(这座房子在下雨时正在建造。
)The car was being repaired in the garage.(这辆车在车库里正在修理。
中考英语被动语态考点归纳及分析
热点透视聚焦中考中考英语被动语态考点归纳及分析湖北省武汉市七一中学庄禾供稿一、被动语态的基本结构英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
解答被动语态题目时,首先要判断主语和动作的关系。
如果主语是动作的执行者,就用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,就用被动语态。
助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化,其变化通过连系动词be的变化来表现。
被动语态否定式为“be not done”。
例如:Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.(句中主语Chinese 是动词speak的承受者,因此该句使用了被动语态。
)我们在平常尽量使用英语的主动语态,但在以下几种情况下,则通常使用被动语态:1.行为主体不明确,不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时;2.用以强调或突出动作的承受者时;3.汉语中含有“据说、据悉、有人说、大家说”等时;4.在新闻报道中,用以表明报道的客观性而避免主观性的表达;5.在科技文中,用以强调客观事实;6.某些内容或特定场合下的习惯用法。
例如:The glass is broken.(玻璃杯破了。
)The bag was taken away by his sister.(那个袋子是她姐姐提走的。
)It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and dropped some money down a chimney.(据说,有一天他爬到一所房子的屋顶上,往烟囱下面扔了一些钱。
)A car accident happened on the high way this morning.Three men were killed,the wounded were taken away to hospital at once and policemen were sent there to cope with the event.(今天早晨高速公路上发生了一起车祸,三人丧生,伤员马上被送往了医院,并马上派了警察去处理这一事件。
中考备战被动语态知识点讲解及练习
中考备战被动语态知识点讲解及练习一、动词的被动语态1.主动语态和被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。
主语是动作的执行者,叫做主动语态;主语是动作的承受者,叫做被动语态。
We swept the floor.我们打扫了地板。
(主动语态)The floor was swept.地板被打扫过。
(被动语态)2.被动语态的构成1)被动语态是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。
助动词be有人称,数和时态的变化,其变化规则与其作为连系动词的be的变化完全一样。
被动语态的肯定式的结构是:主语+be+过去分词(vt.)+(by+宾语)。
Apple trees aren't planted in the south.苹果树不种在南方。
The building hasn't been completed.这座建筑物没有竣工。
3)被动语态的一般疑问句被动语态的一般疑问句的结构是:Be+主语+过去分词(vt)+(by+宾语)?其答语用yes 或no作简单回答。
Are they made in China? Yes, they are.它们是中国制造的吗?是的,是中国制造的。
Was the museum built in 1993?这座博物馆是在1993年建成的吗?No, it was built in 1986.不,它是在1986年建成的。
4)被动语态的特殊疑问句被动语态的特殊疑问句的结构是:疑问词+be+主语+过去分词(vt),其答语要作具体回答。
What is the machine used for?这台机器用来作什么?It is used for making paper.它是用来造纸的。
Where were the car made?这些小汽车是哪里制造的?They were made in China.它们是中国制造的。
被动语态没有完成进行时态和将来进行时态。
初中阶段主要应掌握的被动语态的时态有:一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时和现在完成时。
中考英语动词被动语态用法讲解
被动语态一、语态概述:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
1.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如:Many people speak Chinese.说明:1、谓语:speak 的动作是由主语many people 来执行的。
2.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如:Chinese is spoken by many people. 说明:主语English 是动词speak 的承受者。
二、被动语态的构成:由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。
注意:人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 的变化表现出来的;数量随新的主语变,时态和原句保持一样。
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
(3)例:四、主动语态变被动语态的方法:(1)把主动语态的宾语..变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构“be+过去分词”。
(3)be 动词要和新的主语(即原来的宾语)在人称和数量上保持一致,时态和原句一样不变。
(4)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by 之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。
例如:(一)“主+谓+宾”结构。
例如:I was doing my honework. → My homework was being done by me.(二)“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。
2020年中考英语考点10 被动语态(解析版)
考点10 被动语态一、教材重点回顾:1、被动语态的含义英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即: 主动语态和被动语态。
所谓“被动语态”,相当于中文中常说的“被”“由”的句式,其主语是动作的承受者。
如:“他的自行车被偷了。
”,“这座楼房是由他们建造的。
”2、被动语态的结构那么,英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句(注意划线部分):This is called “the greenhouse effect.”They are called renewable sources.通过上面的例句,可以看出,“被动语态”的构成是:be+及物动词的过去分词+(by+动作执行者)3、被动语态的运用:下面几种情况一般要用被动语态(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。
例如: Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木材生产出来的。
He was wounded in the fight. 他在战斗在受伤了。
Electricity is used to run machines. 电是用来开动机器的。
(2) 不需要强调动作的对象时。
例如:Calculator can’t be used in the maths exam. 计算器不能用于数学考试。
Books in the reading room mustn' t be taken away. 阅览室的书籍不准带走。
(3)句子的主语是物。
Spanish is spoken as the official language there. 在那里西班牙语被当作官方语言来说。
4、各种时态的被动语态:最主要是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化:1)、一般现在时的被动语态。
am/is/are +动词的过去分词One is known as the one-child policy. 其中一项被称为独生子女政策Sea waves are used for producing electricity. 海浪用来发电。
中考英语被动语态知识点整理
中考英语被动语态知识点整理在中考英语中,被动语态是一个重要的语法知识点。
理解和掌握被动语态对于我们正确运用英语、提高语言表达能力有着重要的意义。
接下来,让我们一起对中考英语被动语态的相关知识进行全面的整理。
一、被动语态的基本概念被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
例如:“The book is read by me”(这本书被我读。
)在这个句子中,“the book”是动作“read”的承受者,而不是执行者。
二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be 动词+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
其中,be 动词的形式根据时态和主语的人称、数而变化。
1、一般现在时的被动语态:am/is/are +过去分词例如:“English is spoken all over the world”(英语在全世界被说。
)2、一般过去时的被动语态:was/were +过去分词例如:“The bridge was built last year”(这座桥去年被建造。
)3、一般将来时的被动语态:will be +过去分词或 be going to be+过去分词例如:“The sports meeting will be held next week”(运动会将在下周举行。
)4、现在进行时的被动语态:am/is/are + being +过去分词例如:“The problem is being discussed now”(这个问题正在被讨论。
)5、过去进行时的被动语态:was/were + being +过去分词例如:“The house was being painted when I arrived”(我到达时,房子正在被粉刷。
)6、现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been +过去分词例如:“Many trees have been planted by us”(我们已经种了很多树。
)7、过去完成时的被动语态:had been +过去分词例如:“The work had been finished before he came”(在他来之前,工作已经完成了。
中考中的被动语态知识点总结与归纳
中考中的被动语态知识点总结与归纳被动语态是英语语法中一个重要的知识点,也是中考英语考试中常见的题型。
理解和掌握被动语态的用法对于学生来说至关重要。
本文将对中考中的被动语态知识点进行总结和归纳,帮助学生全面了解和掌握该知识点。
一、被动语态的构成和用法被动语态的构成:主语+be动词(根据时态变化)+过去分词被动语态的用法:1. 当我们不知道或不想提及动作的执行者时。
例句:The car was stolen last night.(昨晚这辆车被偷了。
)2. 当我们想强调动作的承受者时。
例句:The book was written by a famous author.(这本书是一位著名作家写的。
)3. 当我们想表达客观事实时。
例句:The Great Wall was built in the Qin Dynasty.(长城始建于秦朝。
)二、被动语态的各种时态1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:am/is/are + 过去分词例句:The letter is written in English.(这封信用英语写的。
)2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was/were + 过去分词例句:The cake was eaten by the children.(蛋糕被孩子们吃掉了。
)3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will be + 过去分词例句:The meeting will be held next Monday.(会议将在下周一举行。
)4. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am/is/are being + 过去分词例句:The house is being built at the moment.(这座房子正在建造中。
)5. 过去进行时的被动语态构成:was/were being + 过去分词例句:The car was being repaired when I arrived.(当我到达时,汽车正在修理中。
初三知识点总结被动语态
初三知识点总结被动语态被动语态是英语语法中的一种重要形式,它用于强调动作的接受者而不是执行者。
在初三学年,学生已经学习了被动语态的基本概念和用法。
本文将对初三学生在学习被动语态过程中需要掌握的知识进行总结。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成。
根据时态的不同,be的形式会发生变化。
1. 现在时态的被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词例如:Active: Tom eats an apple.Passive: An apple is eaten by Tom.2. 过去时态的被动语态:was/were + 过去分词例如:Active: Lisa wrote a letter.Passive: A letter was written by Lisa.3. 将来时态的被动语态:will be + 过去分词例如:Active: They will build a new hospital.Passive: A new hospital will be built by them.二、主动语态和被动语态的转换在学习被动语态时,初三学生需要学会主动语态和被动语态的相互转换。
具体转换规则如下:1. 直接宾语转换:将主动语态中的直接宾语变为被动语态中的主语。
例如:Active: They eat apples.Passive: Apples are eaten by them.2. 双宾语转换:将主动语态中的间接宾语变为被动语态中的主语,直接宾语变为介词by短语。
例如:Active: He gave me a book.Passive: I was given a book by him.3. 无宾语动词转换:将主动语态中的无宾语动词转换为被动语态时,需加上介词by和动词的进行时态。
例如:Active: They swim in the pool.Passive: The pool is being swum in by them.三、被动语态的用法被动语态在英语中有多种用途,以下是初三学生应掌握的主要用法:1. 主动语态的被动表达:当我们不知道或不关心动作的执行者时,可以使用被动语态。
英语被动语态知识点【中考英语被动语态解析知识点】
英语被动语态知识点【中考英语被动语态解析知识点】
英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。
决定动词用主动语态还是被动语态主要看动词和主语的关系。
如果主语是动作的执行者,也就是说它们是主动关系,此时动词用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,也就是说它们是被动关系,此时动词则用被动语态。
英语的被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成,其中be有时态、人称和数的变化。
如:English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。
The children are not allowed (permitted) to play on the grass. 孩子们不允许在草地上玩耍。
After the accident, the injured were taken to hospital. 事故发生之后受伤的人被送往医院急救。
提供的中考英语语态有关知识点解析,是我们精心为大家准备的,希望大家能够合理的使用!
感谢您的阅读!。
中考英语语法丨被动语态详解
中考英语语法丨被动语态详解被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,表示句子中的主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象。
一般说来,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
被动语态的构成是:助动词be+动词过去分词。
一、被动语态的用法1.不知道动作的执行者是谁或者说话的人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣。
Printing was introduced into Europe from China.印刷是从中国传入欧洲的。
2.出于修辞的原因或者为了更好地安排句子。
The professor came to our school and was warmly welcomed by the teachers and students.那位教授来到我校并受到师生们的热烈欢迎。
3.不愿意说出动作的执行者,目的是为了使语言得体,在这种情况下,有时使用一些特别句式。
It is said that...据说……It is hoped that...大家希望……It is declared that...据宣布……It is well known that...众所周知……二、被动语态的几种类型1.含有单个宾语的被动结构It is often used (by my teacher) in teaching English.这经常(被老师)用于英语教学中。
2.含有双宾语的被动结构teach,tell,give等动词后面往往有两个宾语,叫作双宾。
带双宾语的主动句用被动句表示时,可以把其中一个宾语用作主语,另一个宾语作保留宾语。
但以指人的间接宾语作主语为好,句子显得更自然。
We gave them some books.我们给了他们一些书。
→They were given some books.→Some books were given to them.但也有的只能以直接宾语作为被动句的主语。
I will buy you a present.我将给你买份礼物。
中考英语被动语态解析
中考英语被动语态解析
一、被动语态用于以下几种情况
1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。
如:
Many new buildings are built in our city.
2. 强调动作的承受者。
如:
The wounded man has been sent to a hospital.
3. 动作执行者有比拟长的修饰语。
如:
The person was supported by those who wished to have a chance to make friends with him.
4. 出于礼貌,不愿说出动作的执行者。
如:
You are requested to attend the party.
二、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
1. 系表构造中的过去分词是表示主语的特征或状态;而被动构造那么是表示主语是动作的承受者。
试比拟:
Our building is surrounded with the trees.
The film is usually showed on Sunday.
2. 系表构造不能带有by引导的短语;而被动构造中可以用by 引导的短语引出动作的执行者。
试比拟:
The book is well written.
The book was written by Lu Xun.。
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中考“被动语态”考点解读动词的被动语态是中学英语语法的一个重要语法内容,是历届中考英语试题命题的重点和热点,同时也是学生掌握的难点和易错点。
因此希望同学们能认真结合解读,仔细把握被动语态的学习要领,结合2011最新中考真题,做到融会贯通,举一反三。
【解读一】考查被动语态的概念和构成1、解答被动语态题目时,首先要判断主语和动作的关系。
当谓语表示一个动作时,主语和它有两种不同的关系:主动关系和被动关系。
表示主语是谓语动词的执行者时,用主动语态;表示主语是谓语动词的承受者时,用被动语态。
如:A lot of people speak English in China. 在中国,许多人说英语。
(主动语态)English is spoken by a lot of people in China. 在中国,英语被许多人说。
(被动语态)2、被动语态的构成。
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。
【解读二】被动语态的用法1、当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时,可省略by引起的短语。
如:Mr. Black hasn’t been told to attend the important meeting. 没有人通知布莱克先生参加这次重要的会议。
2、当需要强调或突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态。
若在突出动作承受者时,如想同时指出动作的执行者,通常用“介词by(被……)+动词执行者(宾语)”。
如:These new tall buildings are being built by the workers at the moment. 这些新楼正在由工人们建造。
3、由于文章修辞的需要,运用由by引起的短语,以求使句子更加简练和匀称。
如:The plan was especially supported by the consumers.这项计划深受消费者的支持。
4、当动作的执行者不表示人时,常用被动语态。
如:We were shocked to hear the news that the terrorists attacked the World Trade Center in New York. 听到恐怖分子袭击了纽约的世界贸易中心大楼的消息后,我们都很震惊。
5、出于礼貌托辞等原因不愿说出动作的执行者时,也常用被动语态。
如:You are invited to the party at eight tomorrow. 你被邀请参加明天8点的晚会。
【解读三】考查各种时态的被动语态各地中考被动语态试题对时态考查主要集中在对一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时中去进行,在这些时态中出现的频率较高。
1、一般现在时一般现在时的被动语态表示经常性、习惯性的被动动作,其基本结构为:am/is/are+done( 及物动词的过去分词),常与always, usually, often, sometimes, every morning(day, week, month, year…), once a day, on Sundays等时间状语连用。
如:Many trees and flowers _____ in our city every year. (2011,广西桂林)A. plantedB. are plantedC. were plantedD. plants【解析】本句题意为:每年,在我们城市栽种许多树和花儿。
由句中的every year以及主语trees and flowers和动词plant之间的被动关系可知,要用一般现在时的被动语态,故答案选B。
【链接中考】( ) 1. He likes reading very much. Most of his money _____ on books. (2011,贵州毕节)A. is spentB. spendC. spendsD. are spent( ) 2. The Spring Festival _____ in January or February. (2011,河北)A. celebratesB. is celebratedC. celebratedD. was celebrated( ) 3. Computers _____ widely in our daily life. (2011,四川宜宾)A. useB. usedC. were usedD. are used( ) 4. Your donation _____ and the money will be used to help the students from poor families.(2011,山东青岛)A. is greatly appreciatingB. appreciatesC. has appreciatedD. is greatly appreciated( ) 5. Soft drinks _____ to children for free in some restaurants on Children’s Day. (2011,河南)A. offerB. have offeredC. are offeredD. will be offered( ) 6. Chinese _____ by the largest number of people. (2011,湖南长沙)A. is speakingB. speakC. speaksD. is spoken7. We _____(ask) to help our parents do some housework every day. (2011,江苏宿迁)2、一般过去时一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时刻的被动动作,其基本结构为:was/were+done (及物动词的过去分词),常与yesterday, the day before yesterday, …ago, last…(last week, last month…), in 2008,just now, once upon a time, the other day等表示过去的时间状语连用。
如:—Who is the little girl in the picture?—It’s me. The picture _____ 10 years ago. (2011,山东威海)A. tookB. is takenC. has takenD. was taken【解析】本题句意为:这幅照片是10年前拍的。
因句中的主语the picture和动词谓语take 之间存在是被动关系,因此要用被动语态,同时出现表示过去的时间状语10 years ago,因此正确答案为D。
【链接中考】( ) 8. There was a big earthquake in Japan, but luckily many people _____. (2011,浙江宁波)A. saveB. savedC. are savedD. were saved( ) 9. I’m glad to find that many trees _____ in our city last year. (2011,重庆)A. plantB. plantedC. were plantedD. are planted( ) 10. China has offered much help to Japan since it _____ by the earthquake and tsunami(海啸).(2011,山东济宁)A. hitsB. is hitC. was hitD. will be hit( ) 11.—What happened to Billy?—He _____ because of his drink-driving. (2011,江西)A. is caughtB. has caughtC. was caughtD. had caught12. Last Friday afternoon the young man _____(hurt) in the traffic accident which happened onthe highway. (2011,江苏无锡)3、一般将来时一般将来时的被动语态表示将来某一时刻的被动性动作,其基本结构为:will be+done( 及物动词的过去分词),常与将来时态连用的时间状语有:tomorrow, next week(month, year…), in the future, in+段时间, in 2020等。
如:We’re very glad to know that a great sports meeting _____ in Guiyang this September. (2011, 贵州贵阳)A. will holdB. will be heldC. will be hold【解析】本句句意为:我们非常高兴的知道今年九月在贵阳要举行一届出色的运动会。
因句中出现表示将来意义的时间this September, 结合主语a great sports meeting与动词hold 表示被动意义,因此正确答案为B。
【链接中考】( ) 13. Don’t worry. Your package _____ here until you come back , so enjoy shopping here.(2011,安徽)A. will keepB. has keptC. will be keptD. has been kept( ) 14. Each time tourists travel to Beijing, they _____ the Forbidden City. (2011,山东青岛)A. will be shown upB. will be shown aroundC. will show aroundD. will show to15. 我们每个人都感到自豪的是首届中国亚欧博览会将于2011年9月1日在乌鲁木齐举行。
(2011,新疆乌鲁木齐)Everyone of us is proud of ourselves because the first China Eurasia Expo will _____ _____ in Urumqi on September 1st, 2011.4、现在完成时现在完成时的被动语态表示到目前为止已经完成的某个被动动作,其基本结构为:助动词have/has+done, 常与already, just, yet, ever, never, once, twice, recently, so far, these days, in the past few days(weeks, months, years…)等标志词连用。