用verilog编写的32位超前进位加法器代码

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verilog 运算 -回复

verilog 运算 -回复

verilog 运算-回复Verilog运算(Verilog Operators)引言:Verilog是一种硬件描述语言(HDL),广泛用于数字电子系统的设计和仿真。

在Verilog中,运算是非常重要的,它们用于控制逻辑、数据处理和信号处理等方面。

本文将为大家介绍Verilog中的不同类型运算符及其使用方法。

一、算术运算符在Verilog中,算术运算符用于执行基本的加减乘除操作。

下面是Verilog中使用的常用算术运算符:1. 加法运算符:+用于对两个操作数执行加法操作。

例如,在下面的代码段中,两个32位输入变量a和b将相加,并将结果存储在32位输出变量sum中。

module adder(input [31:0] a, input [31:0] b, output [31:0] sum);assign sum = a + b;endmodule2. 减法运算符:-这个运算符用于执行两个操作数的减法操作。

在下面的代码段中,我们从32位输入变量a中减去32位输入变量b,并将结果存储在32位输出变量diff中。

module subtractor(input [31:0] a, input [31:0] b, output [31:0] diff);assign diff = a - b;endmodule3. 乘法运算符:*乘法运算符用于执行两个操作数的乘法操作。

以下代码段演示了如何将32位输入变量a和b相乘,并将结果存储在64位输出变量product 中。

module multiplier(input [31:0] a, input [31:0] b, output [63:0] product);assign product = a * b;endmodule4. 除法运算符:/除法运算符用于执行两个操作数的除法操作。

在下面的代码段中,我们将32位输入变量a除以32位输入变量b,并将结果存储在32位输出变量quotient中。

基于Verilog HDL的32位分频计数器的设计

基于Verilog HDL的32位分频计数器的设计
• Vrilog HDL的设计流程及QuartusⅡ简介。 • 32位分频器计数器的原理。 • 32为分频计数器的源代码和仿真。
分频计数器的基本原理
• 选择合适频率的晶振,然后对其分频,得到 系统需要的时钟频率,再对这一频率时钟进行计 数据。一般的计数器都有输入时钟信号,这里以 晶振的输出时钟作为分频计数据器的输入时钟 CLK。复位信号对各信号进行复位。片选信号用 于选通芯片,以备读写计数值。写信号用于写计 数初始值。读信号用于读取计数值。地址信号 ADDR决定读写计数值的高位还是低位。CLKl为 分频输出的时钟信号。c为输出的进位信号。 DATA为双向数据信号+当系统为分频计数器写 入初始值时是输入,当系统读取计数值时是输出。
基于Verilog HDL的32位分频计 数器的设计
微电子 高翔
Verilog HDL的优点
• Verilog HDL是一种通用的硬件描述语言,易 • 学易用
• Verilog HDL允许在同一个电路模型内进行不 • 同抽象层次的描述
• Verilog HDL 绝大多数流行的综合工具都支持
• 所有的制造厂商都提供用于Verilog HDL综合 • 之后的逻辑仿真的元件库
原理图
实现功能综合
程序仿真
总结
• 首先本文介绍了硬件描述语言的发展状况,并对国内发展 提出了建议,然后对本
• 文要用的硬件语言VerilogHDL进行了详细介绍,并对仿真 所用的软件进行了介

绍。
• 其次介绍了32位分频器计数器的原理,并介绍了其它的 分频器,讨论了优缺点,
• 并且详细介绍了本文所用的分频计数器的原理和介绍、分 析。
HDL语言的发展。基于Verilog HDL的优越性,IEEE于

32超前进位加法器

32超前进位加法器

文档编号:GX_HW_0001文档分类:硬件技术文档访问权限:公开32位超前进位加法器总体设计方案Version 1.1版本信息版本日期描述作者V1.1 2011-10-07 采用超前进位链实现郭新32位超前进位加法器目录目录 (3)1.概述 (4)2.总体描述 (4)2.1.功能描述 (4)2.2.顶层框图 (4)2.3.引脚描述 (4)3.模块划分 (5)3.1 概述(叙述一下划分的几个大的模块) (5)3.2模块A (6)3.2.1功能定义 (6)3.2.2信号描述 (6)3.2.3 详细设计 (6)3.3模块B (7)3.3.1功能定义 (7)3.3.2信号描述 (7)3.3.3 详细设计 (7)3.4模块C (8)3.4.1功能定义 (8)3.4.2信号描述 (8)3.4.3 详细设计 (8)3.5模块D (9)3.5.1功能定义 (9)3.5.2信号描述 (9)3.5.3 详细设计 (9)4.验证方案 (10)5.设计开发环境 (10)6.源代码 (10)6.1顶层模块 (10)6.2模块A (12)6.3模块B (12)6.4模块C (13)6.5模块D (14)6.6测试模块 (15)6.7测试波形 (16)1.概述利用各位数据和最低位进位同时输入,各位之间的进位信号与和就能同时产生,实现超前进位加法器,这种加法器运算速度显著提高,但电路复杂程度也急剧增加。

2.总体描述2.1.功能描述超前进位逻辑从输入中读入进位、传播值和生成值等信息,计算每一位的进位值。

该逻辑产生进位值和加值,加值只是输入的异或。

进位值用4位超前进位块的三级树来计算。

2.2.顶层框图32bit_claa(31:0)b(31:0)cins(31:0)cout图2.1加法器顶层框图2.3.引脚描述表2.1 顶层接口信号描述名称输入/输出功能描述a 输入32位输入b 输入32位输入cin 输入低级进位输入s 输入32位输出cout 输入进位输出3.模块划分(各个模块中不涉及时序,时序分析略去。

32位计数器verilog代码

32位计数器verilog代码

32位计数器verilog代码以下是一个简单的 32 位计数器的 Verilog 代码示例。

该计数器每个时钟周期递增一次,当计数达到最大值时,重新从零开始。

module Counter(
input wire clk, // 时钟信号
input wire reset, // 复位信号
output reg [31:0] count // 32 位计数器
);
always @(posedge clk or posedge reset) begin
if (reset) begin
// 复位时,计数器清零
count <= 32'b0;
end else begin
// 在每个上升沿时递增计数器
count <= count + 1;
end
end
endmodule
在这个示例中,Counter 模块有一个时钟输入 clk 和一个复位输入 reset,以及一个 32 位的计数器输出 count。

计数器在每个时
1/ 2
钟上升沿或复位信号的上升沿触发。

当复位信号为高电平时,计数器被清零,否则,计数器递增。

请注意,这只是一个基本的示例。

实际应用中,你可能需要根据具体的需求添加一些功能,如计数器的最大值、启用/禁用等。

2/ 2。

上海大学verilog设计32位浮点加法器设计

上海大学verilog设计32位浮点加法器设计

32位浮点加法器设计摘要:浮点数具有数值范围大,表示格式不受限制的特点,因此浮点数的应用是非常广泛的。

浮点数加法运算比较复杂,算法很多,但是为了提高运算速度,大部分均是基于流水线的设计结构。

本文介绍了基于IEE754标准的用Verilog 语言设计的32位浮点加法器,能够实现32位浮点数的加法运算。

虽然未采用流水线的设计结构但是仍然对流水线结构做了比较详细的介绍。

关键字:浮点数,流水线,32位浮点数加法运算,Verilog 语言设计32-bit floating point adder designCao Chi,Shen Jia- qi,Zheng Yun-jia(School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai ,China ) Abstract://沈佳琪搞定Key words :float; Assembly line; 32-bit floating-point adder 浮点数的应用非常广泛,无论是在计算机还是微处理器中都离不开浮点数。

但是浮点数的加法运算规则比较复杂不易理解掌握,而且按照传统的运算方法,运算速度较慢。

因此,浮点加法器的设计采用了流水线的设计方法。

32位浮点数运算的摄入处理采用了IEE754标准的“0舍1入”法。

1. 浮点数的介绍在处理器中,数据不仅有符号,而且经常含有小数,即既有整数部分又有小数部分。

根据小数点位置是否固定,数的表示方法分为定点表示和浮点表示。

浮点数就是用浮点表示法表示的实数。

浮点数扩大了数的表示范围和精度。

浮点数由阶符、阶码E 、数符、尾数N 构成。

任意一个二进制数N 总可以表示成如下形式:N=。

通常规定:二进制浮点数,其尾数数字部分原码的最高位为1,叫作规格化表示法。

因此,扩大数的表示范围,就增加阶码的位数,要提高精度,就增加尾数的位数。

计算机设计与实践——32位先行进位加法器

计算机设计与实践——32位先行进位加法器
alu_16_1(g[1],p[1],f32[16:1],x32[16:1],y32[16:1],ciii); alu_16 alu_16_2(g[2],p[2],f32[32:17],x32[32:17],y32[32:17],c1);
assign c1=g[1]|p[1]&ciii; assign c2=g[2]|p[2]&g[1]|p[2]&p[1]&ciii; endmodule
module alu_16(gmm,pmm,f16,x16,y16,cii);//16位加法器先行进位加法器 input [16:1]x16; input [16:1]y16; input cii; output [16:1]f16; output gmm,pmm; wire [4:1]c; wire [4:1]p; wire [4:1]g; jiafaqi_4 alu_4_1(g[1],p[1],f16[4:1],x16[4:1],y16[4:1],cii); jiafaqi_4 alu_4_2(g[2],p[2],f16[8:5],x16[8:5],y16[8:5],c[1]); jiafaqi_4 alu_4_3(g[3],p[3],f16[12:9],x16[12:9],y16[12:9],c[2]); jiafaqi_4 alu_4_4(g[4],p[4],f16[16:13],x16[16:13],y16[16:13],c[3]); cla_4 cl_4_1(c,p,g,cii); assign pmm=p[4]&p[3]&p[2]&p[1]; assign gmm=g[4]|p[4]&g[3]|p[4]&p[3]&g[2]|p[4]&p[3]&p[2]&g[1]; endmodule

verilog实现加法器

verilog实现加法器

verilog实现加法器半加器如果不考虑来⾃低位的进位将两个1⼆进制数相加,称为半加。

实现半加运算的逻辑电路称为半加器。

真值表>> 逻辑表达式和s=ab′+a′b>> 逻辑表达式进位输出co=abverilog codemodule halfadder(output s, //sumoutput co, //carryinput a,input b);assign s = a ^ b;assign co = a & b;//assign {co,s} = a + b;endmoduletestbenchmodule halfadder_tb;wire s;wire co;reg a;reg b;initialbegina = 0;b = 0;#10 a = 0 ;b = 0;#10 a = 0 ;b = 1;#10 a = 1 ;b = 0;#10 a = 1 ;b = 1;#10 $finish;endinitial begin$fsdbDumpfile("test.fsdb");$fsdbDumpvars();endhalfadder u_halfadder(.s(s),.co(co),.a(a),.b(b));endmodule全加器在将两位多位⼆进制数相加时,除了最低位以外,每位都应该考虑来⾃低位的进位,即将两个对应位的加数和来⾃低位的进位3个数相加。

这种运算称为全加,所⽤的电路称为全加器。

真值表逻辑表达式和s=(a′b′ci′+ab′ci+a′bci+abci′)′>> 逻辑表达式进位输出co=(a′b′+b′ci′+a′ci′)′verilog codemodule fulladder(output s, //sumoutput co, //carry to high bitinput a,input b,input ci //carry from low bit);//RTL levelassign s = ~((~a&~b&~ci)||(a&~b&ci)||(~a&b&ci)||(a&b&~ci));assign co = ~((~a&~b)||(~b&~ci)||(~a&~ci));//assign {co,s} = a + b + ci;endmoduletestbenchmodule fulladder_tb;wire s;wire co;reg a;reg b;reg ci;initialbeginci = 0; a = 0 ;b = 0;#10 ci = 0; a = 0 ;b = 1;#10 ci = 0; a = 1 ;b = 0;#10 ci = 0; a = 1 ;b = 1;#10 ci = 1; a = 0 ;b = 0;#10 ci = 1; a = 0 ;b = 1;#10 ci = 1; a = 1 ;b = 0;#10 ci = 1; a = 1 ;b = 1;#10 $finish;endinitial begin$fsdbDumpfile("test.fsdb");$fsdbDumpvars();endfulladder u_fulladder(.s(s),.co(co),.a(a),.b(b),.ci(ci));endmodule多位加法器串⾏进位加法器依次将低位全加器的进位输出co接到全加器的进位输⼊端ci,就可以构成多位加法器。

应用VHDL引用LPM库设计32位加法器

应用VHDL引用LPM库设计32位加法器

课程名称 EDA 学院电信专业电信班级三班学号姓名指导老师目录第一章、题目 (3)第二章、设计步骤 (4)第三章、设计心得 (40)第四章、参考文献 (41)第一章题目应用VHDL引用LPM库设计32位加法器。

要求在Quartus II软件,利用VHDL完成层次式电路设计,电路中的元件可以用VHDL设计也可以用库元件连线构成再封装。

借助EDA工具中的综合器,适配器,时序仿真器和编程器等工具进行相应处理。

输入方法不限制。

适配元件不限制。

要求综合出RTL电路,并进行仿真输入波形设计并分析电路输出波形。

第二章设计步骤新建工程输入设计项目并存盘:利用lpm_add_sub函数。

参数设定:引脚分配:程序清单:OPTIONS NAME_SUBSTITUTION = ON;INCLUDE "addcore";INCLUDE "look_add";INCLUDE "bypassff";INCLUDE "altshift";INCLUDE "alt_stratix_add_sub";INCLUDE "alt_mercury_add_sub";PARAMETERS(LPM_WIDTH,LPM_REPRESENTATION = "SIGNED",LPM_DIRECTION = "DEFAULT", -- controlled by add_sub portONE_INPUT_IS_CONSTANT = "NO",LPM_PIPELINE = 0,MAXIMIZE_SPEED = 5,REGISTERED_AT_END = 0,OPTIMIZE_FOR_SPEED = 5,USE_CS_BUFFERS = 1,CARRY_CHAIN = "IGNORE",CARRY_CHAIN_LENGTH = 32,DEVICE_FAMILY,USE_WYS = "OFF",STYLE = "NORMAL",CBXI_PARAMETER = "NOTHING");INCLUDE ""; % device family definitions %FUNCTION @CBXI_PARAMETER (aclr, add_sub, cin, clken, clock, dataa[LPM_WIDTH-1..0], datab[LPM_WIDTH-1.RETURNS (cout, overflow, result[LPM_WIDTH-1..0]);-- a useful macroDEFINE MIN(a, b) = a < b ? a : b;-- LPM_PIPELINE became the new name for LATENCY. Will keep LATENCY in the code.CONSTANT LATENCY = LPM_PIPELINE;-- Determine the effective speed (vs. size) optimization factor: If The local-- param is used, take it as the effective value, otherwise use the global value CONSTANT SPEED_MAX_FACTOR = USED(MAXIMIZE_SPEED) ?MAXIMIZE_SPEED : OPTIMIZE_FOR_SPEED;-- Internal and external latencyCONSTANT LAST_STAGE_INDEX = (REGISTERED_AT_END == 1) ? 1 : 0; CONSTANT INT_STAGES_NUM = LATENCY + 1 - LAST_STAGE_INDEX; CONSTANT INT_LATENCY = (LATENCY == 0) ? 1 : MIN(LPM_WIDTH, INT_STAGES_NUM);CONSTANT EXT_LATENCY = (LATENCY > LPM_WIDTH) ? (LATENCY - LPM_WIDTH) : 0;CONSTANT REG_LAST_ADDER = ((LATENCY >= LPM_WIDTH) # (REGISTERED_AT_END == 1)) ? 1 : 0;DEFINE OVFLOW_EXTRA_DEPTH() = (LPM_REPRESENTATION == "SIGNED" #LPM_REPRESENTATION == "UNSIGNED" & USED(add_sub)) ? REG_LAST_ADDER :-- Partial adders (for pipelined cases)CONSTANT RWIDTH = LPM_WIDTH MOD INT_LATENCY; -- # of adders on the right sideCONSTANT LWIDTH = INT_LATENCY - RWIDTH; -- # of adders on the left sideCONSTANT SUB_WIDTH1 = FLOOR(LPM_WIDTH DIV INT_LATENCY); -- Width of right-side addersCONSTANT SUB_WIDTH0 = SUB_WIDTH1 + 1; -- Width of left-side adders-- =====================================================-- Look-ahead adder section-- =====================================================-- Number of 8-bit adder blocks in carry-look-ahead casesCONSTANT LOOK_AHEAD_BLOCK_SIZE = 8;CONSTANT BLOCKS = CEIL(LPM_WIDTH DIV LOOK_AHEAD_BLOCK_SIZE);-- Will use the look-ahead adder?CONSTANT USE_LOOK_AHEAD = -(!((LPM_WIDTH < LOOK_AHEAD_BLOCK_SIZE) #((FAMILY_FLEX() == 1) &(USE_CARRY_CHAINS() # (!USE_CARRY_CHAINS() & SPEED_MAX_FACTOR <=(!(FAMILY_FLEX() == 1) &(STYLE == "NORMAL" & SPEED_MAX_FACTOR <= 5))));DEFINE CBX_FAMILY() = ((FAMILY_STRATIXII() == 1 #FAMILY_CYCLONEII() == 1) ? 1 : 0);SUBDESIGN lpm_add_sub(dataa[LPM_WIDTH-1..0] : INPUT = GND;datab[LPM_WIDTH-1..0] : INPUT = GND;cin : INPUT = GND;add_sub : INPUT = VCC;clock : INPUT = GND;aclr : INPUT = GND;clken : INPUT = VCC;result[LPM_WIDTH-1..0] : OUTPUT;cout : OUTPUT;overflow : OUTPUT;)V ARIABLEIF CBX_FAMILY() == 1 & CBXI_PARAMETER != "NOTHING" GENERATE auto_generated : @CBXI_PARAMETER WITH ( CBXI_PARAMETER = "NOTHING" );ELSE GENERATE-- Use wysiwyg implementation for mercury if USE_WYS option is turned on IF FAMILY_MERCURY() == 1 & USE_WYS == "ON" GENERATEmercury_adder : alt_mercury_add_sub WITH(LPM_WIDTH = LPM_WIDTH,LPM_REPRESENTATION = LPM_REPRESENTATION,LPM_DIRECTION = LPM_DIRECTION,ONE_INPUT_IS_CONSTANT = ONE_INPUT_IS_CONSTANT,LPM_PIPELINE = LPM_PIPELINE,MAXIMIZE_SPEED = MAXIMIZE_SPEED,REGISTERED_AT_END = REGISTERED_AT_END,OPTIMIZE_FOR_SPEED = OPTIMIZE_FOR_SPEED,USE_CS_BUFFERS = USE_CS_BUFFERS,CARRY_CHAIN_LENGTH = CARRY_CHAIN_LENGTH,STYLE = STYLE);ELSE GENERATE-- Use wysisyg implementation for stratix if USE_WYS is ON or add_sub signal is usedIF FAMILY_STRATIX() == 1 & (USE_WYS == "ON" # USED(add_sub)) & (USE_CARRY_CHAINS()) GENERATEstratix_adder : alt_stratix_add_sub WITH(LPM_WIDTH = LPM_WIDTH,LPM_REPRESENTATION = LPM_REPRESENTATION,LPM_DIRECTION = LPM_DIRECTION,ONE_INPUT_IS_CONSTANT = ONE_INPUT_IS_CONSTANT,LPM_PIPELINE = LPM_PIPELINE,MAXIMIZE_SPEED = MAXIMIZE_SPEED,REGISTERED_AT_END = REGISTERED_AT_END,OPTIMIZE_FOR_SPEED = OPTIMIZE_FOR_SPEED,USE_CS_BUFFERS = USE_CS_BUFFERS,CARRY_CHAIN_LENGTH = CARRY_CHAIN_LENGTH,STYLE = STYLE);ELSE GENERATEIF INT_LATENCY > 1 GENERATE-- carry-in nodecin_node : NODE;cout_node : NODE;unreg_cout_node : NODE;-- datab[] nodesIF (FAMILY_FLEX() == 1) GENERATEIF (USE_CARRY_CHAINS()) GENERATEIF USED(add_sub) & ONE_INPUT_IS_CONSTANT == "NO" GENERATEdatab_node[LPM_WIDTH-1..0] : LCELL;ELSE GENERATEdatab_node[LPM_WIDTH-1..0] : NODE;END GENERATE;ELSE GENERATEIF USED(add_sub) & ONE_INPUT_IS_CONSTANT == "NO" GENERATEdatab_node[LPM_WIDTH-1..0] : SOFT;ELSE GENERATEdatab_node[LPM_WIDTH-1..0] : NODE;END GENERATE;END GENERATE;ELSE GENERATEIF USED(add_sub) & ONE_INPUT_IS_CONSTANT == "NO" GENERATEdatab_node[LPM_WIDTH-1..0] : SOFT;ELSE GENERATEdatab_node[LPM_WIDTH-1..0] : SOFT;END GENERATE;END GENERATE;IF (LPM_REPRESENTATION == "UNSIGNED" & LPM_DIRECTION != "SUB") & USED(add_sub) GENERATEadd_sub_ff[INT_LATENCY-2..0] : bypassff WITH (WIDTH = 1);END GENERATE;------------------------------------------------ cases where pipeline structure is needed ------------------------------------------------IF !(FAMILY_FLEX() == 1) GENERATE------------------------------------ Non-FLEX cases------------------------------------ if a nonhomogenous adder, generate the longer (right side) addersIF RWIDTH > 0 GENERATEadder0[RWIDTH-1..0] : addcore WITH (WIDTH = SUB_WIDTH0,DIRECTION = "ADD",USE_CS_BUFFERS = USE_CS_BUFFERS);datab0_ff[INT_LATENCY-1..0][RWIDTH-1..0] : bypassffWITH (WIDTH = SUB_WIDTH0);END GENERATE;-- generate the shorter (left side) addersadder1[LWIDTH-1..0] : addcore WITH (WIDTH = SUB_WIDTH1,DIRECTION = "ADD",USE_CS_BUFFERS = USE_CS_BUFFERS);datab1_ff[INT_LATENCY-1..0][LWIDTH-1..0] : bypassff WITH (WIDTH = SUB_WIDTH1);-- dataa pipeline registersdataa_ff[INT_LATENCY-2..0] : bypassff WITH (WIDTH = LPM_WIDTH);ELSE GENERATE------------------------------------------------ FLEX cases -------------------------------------------------- if a nonhomogenous adder, generate the longer (right side) addersIF RWIDTH > 0 GENERATEadder0[RWIDTH-1..0] : addcore WITH (WIDTH = SUB_WIDTH0 + 1,DIRECTION = "ADD",USE_CS_BUFFERS = USE_CS_BUFFERS);IF RWIDTH > 1 GENERATEadder0_0[RWIDTH-1..1] : addcore WITH (WIDTH = SUB_WIDTH0 + 1,DIRECTION = "ADD",USE_CS_BUFFERS = USE_CS_BUFFERS);END GENERATE;adder1[LWIDTH-1..0] : addcore WITH (WIDTH = SUB_WIDTH1 + 1,DIRECTION = "ADD",USE_CS_BUFFERS = USE_CS_BUFFERS);adder1_0[LWIDTH-1..0] : addcore WITH (WIDTH = SUB_WIDTH1 + 1,DIRECTION = "ADD",USE_CS_BUFFERS = USE_CS_BUFFERS);datab0_ff[INT_LATENCY-1..0][RWIDTH-1..0] : bypassff WITH (WIDTH = SUB_WIDTH0+1);ELSE GENERATEadder1[LWIDTH-1..0] : addcore WITH (WIDTH = SUB_WIDTH1 + 1,DIRECTION = "ADD",USE_CS_BUFFERS = USE_CS_BUFFERS);IF LWIDTH > 1 GENERATEadder1_0[LWIDTH-1..1] : addcore WITH (WIDTH = SUB_WIDTH1 + 1,DIRECTION = "ADD",USE_CS_BUFFERS = USE_CS_BUFFERS);END GENERATE;END GENERATE;datab1_ff[INT_LATENCY-1..0][LWIDTH-1..0] : bypassff WITH (WIDTH = SUB_WIDTH1+1);IF LPM_REPRESENTATION == "SIGNED" GENERATEsign_ff[INT_LATENCY-2..0] : bypassff WITH (WIDTH = 2);END GENERATE;END GENERATE;ELSE GENERATE------------------------------------ non-pipelined adder cases -------------------------------------- Will use a look-ahead type adder for FLEX/NORMAL with SPEED_MAX_FACTOR > 5 or-- MAX/FAST cases. Will use a ripple type adder for all other cases.IF USED(clock) # (USE_LOOK_AHEAD == 0) GENERATEadder : addcore WITH (WIDTH = LPM_WIDTH, DIRECTION = LPM_DIRECTION,REPRESENTATION = LPM_REPRESENTATION,USE_CS_BUFFERS = USE_CS_BUFFERS);cout_node : NODE;oflow_node : NODE;ELSE GENERATEcin_node : NODE;cout_node : NODE;oflow_node : NODE;datab_node[LPM_WIDTH-1..0] : SOFT;adder[BLOCKS-1..0] : addcore WITH (WIDTH = 8,DIRECTION = "DEFAULT",USE_CS_BUFFERS = USE_CS_BUFFERS);look_ahead_unit : look_add WITH (WIDTH = BLOCKS);END GENERATE;END GENERATE;result_node [LPM_WIDTH-1..0] : NODE;result_ext_latency_ffs : altshift WITH (WIDTH = LPM_WIDTH,DEPTH = EXT_LATENCY);carry_ext_latency_ffs : altshift WITH (WIDTH = 1,DEPTH = EXT_LATENCY);oflow_ext_latency_ffs : altshift WITH (WIDTH = 1,DEPTH = EXT_LATENCY);END GENERATE; -- stratixEND GENERATE; --mercuryEND GENERATE; -- StratixIIBEGINASSERT REPORT "LPM_WIDTH = %" LPM_WIDTH SEVERITY DEBUG;ASSERT REPORT "LATENCY = %" LATENCY SEVERITY DEBUG;ASSERT REPORT "LWIDTH = %" LWIDTH SEVERITY DEBUG;ASSERT REPORT "RWIDTH = %" RWIDTH SEVERITY DEBUG;ASSERT REPORT "INT_LATENCY = %" INT_LATENCY SEVERITY DEBUG;ASSERT REPORT "EXT_LATENCY = %" EXT_LATENCY SEVERITY DEBUG;ASSERT REPORT "SUB_WIDTH1 = %" SUB_WIDTH1 SEVERITY DEBUG;ASSERT (LPM_REPRESENTATION == "SIGNED" # LPM_REPRESENTATION == "UNSIGNED")REPORT "Illegal value for LPM_REPRESENTATION parameter (""%"") -- value must be ""SIGNED"LPM_REPRESENTATIONSEVERITY ERRORHELP_ID LPM_ADD_SUB_REPRESENTATION;ASSERT (LPM_WIDTH > 0)REPORT "LPM_WIDTH parameter value must be greater than 0"SEVERITY ERRORHELP_ID LPM_ADD_SUB_WIDTH;ASSERT (USED(clock) ? LATENCY > 0 : LATENCY == 0)REPORT "Value of LPM_PIPELINE parameter must be greater than 0 if clock input is used andSEVERITY ERRORHELP_ID LPM_ADD_SUB_CLOCK_WITHOUT_LATENCY;ASSERT (LATENCY <= LPM_WIDTH)REPORT "Value of LPM_PIPELINE parameter (%) should be lower -- use % for best performanceSEVERITY INFOHELP_ID LPM_ADD_SUB_CLOCK_LATENCY_V ALUE;ASSERT (LPM_WIDTH > 0)REPORT "Value of LPM_WIDTH parameter must be greater than 0"SEVERITY ERRORHELP_ID LPM_ADD_SUB_WIDTH2;ASSERT (LPM_REPRESENTATION == "UNSIGNED" # LPM_REPRESENTATION == "SIGNED")REPORT "Illegal value for LPM_REPRESENTATION parameter (%) -- value must be UNSIGNED (theLPM_REPRESENTATIONSEVERITY ERRORHELP_ID LPM_ADD_SUB_REPRESENTATION2;ASSERT (ONE_INPUT_IS_CONSTANT == "YES" # ONE_INPUT_IS_CONSTANT == "NO")REPORT "Illegal value for ONE_INPUT_IS_CONSTANT parameter (%) -- value must be YES or NOONE_INPUT_IS_CONSTANTSEVERITY ERRORHELP_ID LPM_ADD_SUB_ICONSTANT;ASSERT (LPM_DIRECTION == "DEFAULT" # LPM_DIRECTION == "ADD" # LPM_DIRECTION == "SUB")REPORT "Illegal value for LPM_DIRECTION parameter (%) -- value must be ADD, SUB, or DEFAULPM_DIRECTIONSEVERITY ERRORHELP_ID LPM_ADD_SUB_DIRECTION;ASSERT (LPM_DIRECTION == "DEFAULT" # USED(add_sub) == 0)REPORT "Value of LPM_DIRECTION parameter (%) is not consistent with the use of the add_suLPM_DIRECTIONSEVERITY ERRORHELP_ID LPM_ADD_SUB_DIRECTION_ADD_SUB;-- The next assertion is not implemented because MAX+PLUS II implementation -- differs from the LPM standard. Both overflow and cout are allowed-- in MAX+PLUS II.-- ASSERT (USED(overflow) == 0 # USED(cout) == 0)-- REPORT "Can't use overflow port if cout port is used"-- SEVERITY ERROR-- HELP_ID LPM_ADD_SUB_OVERCOUT;ASSERT (FAMILY_IS_KNOWN() == 1)REPORT "Megafunction lpm_add_sub does not recognize the current device family (%) -- ensure tDEVICE_FAMILYSEVERITY WARNINGHELP_ID LPM_ADD_SUB_FAMILY_UNKNOWN;IF CBX_FAMILY() == 1 & CBXI_PARAMETER != "NOTHING" GENERATE IF USED(aclr) GENERATE= aclr;END GENERATE;IF USED(add_sub) GENERATE= add_sub;END GENERATE;IF USED(cin) GENERATE= cin;END GENERATE;IF USED(clken) GENERATE= clken;END GENERATE;IF USED(clock) GENERATE= clock;END GENERATE;IF USED(cout) GENERATEcout = ;END GENERATE;IF USED(dataa) GENERATE[] = dataa[];END GENERATE;IF USED(datab) GENERATE[] = datab[];END GENERATE;IF USED(overflow) GENERATEoverflow = ;END GENERATE;IF USED(result) GENERATEresult[] = [];END GENERATE;ELSE GENERATE------------------------------------------------------------------------ mercury wysiwyg adderIF FAMILY_MERCURY() == 1 & USE_WYS == "ON" GENERATE result[] = [];IF USED (cout) GENERATEcout = ;END GENERATE;IF USED(overflow) GENERATEoverflow = ;END GENERATE;[] = dataa[];[] = datab[];IF USED(cin) GENERATE= cin;END GENERATE;IF USED(clock) GENERATE= clock;END GENERATE;IF USED(aclr) GENERATE= aclr;END GENERATE;IF USED(clken) GENERATE= clken;END GENERATE;IF USED(add_sub) GENERATE= add_sub;END GENERATE;ELSE GENERATE-- stratix wysisyg adderIF FAMILY_STRATIX() == 1 & (USE_WYS == "ON" # USED(add_sub)) & (USE_CARRY_CHAINS()) GENERATEresult[] = [];IF USED(cout) GENERATEcout = ;END GENERATE;IF USED(overflow) GENERATEoverflow = ;END GENERATE;[] = dataa[];[] = datab[];IF USED(cin) GENERATE= cin;END GENERATE;IF USED(clock) GENERATE= clock;END GENERATE;IF USED(aclr) GENERATE= aclr;END GENERATE;IF USED(clken) GENERATE= clken;END GENERATE;IF USED(add_sub) GENERATE= add_sub;END GENERATE;ELSE GENERATE-- default addcore adderIF INT_LATENCY > 1 GENERATEIF USED(cin) GENERATEcin_node = cin;ELSE GENERATEIF LPM_DIRECTION == "SUB" GENERATEcin_node = VCC;ELSE GENERATEcin_node = !add_sub;END GENERATE;END GENERATE;IF (LPM_REPRESENTATION == "UNSIGNED" & LPM_DIRECTION != "SUB") & USED(add_sub) GENERATEadd_sub_ff[0].d[0] = add_sub;IF INT_LATENCY > 2 GENERATEadd_sub_ff[INT_LATENCY-2..1].d[0] = add_sub_ff[INT_LATENCY-3..0].q[0];END GENERATE;add_sub_ff[].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);END GENERATE;IF LPM_DIRECTION == "SUB" GENERATEdatab_node[] = !datab[];ELSE GENERATEIF USED(add_sub) GENERATEdatab_node[] = datab[] $ !add_sub;ELSE GENERATEdatab_node[] = datab[];END GENERATE;END GENERATE;IF !(FAMILY_FLEX() == 1) GENERATE------------------------------------------------ non-FLEX cases------------------------------------------------ clock connections-- adders clock/aclr/clken/add_sub connectionsIF RWIDTH > 0 GENERATEadder0[RWIDTH-1..0].(clock, aclr, clken) = (clock, aclr, clken);IF (LWIDTH > 1) GENERATEadder1[LWIDTH-2..0].(clock, aclr, clken) = (clock, aclr, clken);END GENERATE;ELSE GENERATEIF LWIDTH > 1 GENERATEadder1[LWIDTH-2..0].(clock, aclr, clken) = (clock, aclr, clken);END GENERATE;END GENERATE;IF REG_LAST_ADDER == 1 GENERATEadder1[LWIDTH-1].(clock, aclr, clken) = (clock, aclr, clken);END GENERATE;dataa_ff[].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);IF RWIDTH > 0 GENERATEIF RWIDTH > 1 GENERATEdatab0_ff[0][RWIDTH-1..1].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);END GENERATE;datab1_ff[0][LWIDTH-1..0].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);ELSE GENERATEdatab1_ff[0][LWIDTH-1..1].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);END GENERATE;--carry_ff[INT_LATENCY-2..0].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);-- dataa connections as we have intermediate subaddersdataa_ff[0].d[] = dataa[];IF INT_LATENCY > 2 GENERATEdataa_ff[INT_LATENCY-2..1].d[] = dataa_ff[INT_LATENCY-3..0].q[];END GENERATE;-- datab input connectionsIF RWIDTH > 0 GENERATEIF RWIDTH > 1 GENERATEFOR I IN 1 TO RWIDTH-1 GENERATEdatab0_ff[0][I].d[] = datab_node[(I+1)*SUB_WIDTH0-1..I*SUB_WIDTH0];END GENERATE;END GENERATE;FOR I IN 0 TO LWIDTH-1 GENERATEdatab1_ff[0][I].d[] = datab_node[(I+1)*SUB_WIDTH1+RWIDTH*SUB_WIDTH0-1..I*SUB_WIDTH1+RWIDTH*SUB_WIDTH0];END GENERATE;ELSE GENERATEIF LWIDTH > 1 GENERATEFOR I IN 1 TO LWIDTH-1 GENERATEdatab1_ff[0][I].d[] = datab_node[(I+1)*SUB_WIDTH1-1..I*SUB_WIDTH1];END GENERATE;END GENERATE;END GENERATE;-- some adder connectionsIF RWIDTH > 0 GENERATE-- The nonhomogeneous adder case. Note that with RWIDTH > 0,-- INT_LATENCY must have been > 1.-- longer (right hand side) adder(s) connection(s)-- the upper right-most adder is connected to the input nodesadder0[0].dataa[] = dataa[SUB_WIDTH0-1..0];adder0[0].datab[] = datab_node[SUB_WIDTH0-1..0];adder0[0].cin = cin_node;-- if more than one right-side adder, make the input and carry connectionsIF RWIDTH > 1 GENERATEFOR I IN 1 TO RWIDTH-1 GENERATEadder0[I].dataa[] = dataa_ff[I-1].q[(I+1)*SUB_WIDTH0-1..I*SUB_WIDTH0];adder0[I].datab[] = datab0_ff[I-1][I].q[];adder0[I].cin = adder0[I-1].cout;END GENERATE;END GENERATE;-- first left-hand-side adder connectionsadder1[0].dataa[] = dataa_ff[RWIDTH-1].q[SUB_WIDTH1+RWIDTH*SUB_WIDTH0-1..RWIDTH*SU adder1[0].datab[] = datab1_ff[RWIDTH-1][0].q[];adder1[0].cin = adder0[RWIDTH-1].cout;ELSE GENERATE-- case with homogeneous addersadder1[0].dataa[] = dataa[SUB_WIDTH1-1..0];adder1[0].datab[] = datab_node[SUB_WIDTH1-1..0];adder1[0].cin = cin_node;END GENERATE;-- more connections if more than 1 left-hand-side adders existIF LWIDTH > 1 GENERATEFOR I IN 1 TO LWIDTH-1 GENERATEadder1[I].dataa[] = dataa_ff[I+RWIDTH-1].q[(I+1)*SUB_WIDTH1+RWIDTH*SUB_WIDTH0-1..I*SUB_WIDTH1+RWIDTH*SUB_WIDTH0];adder1[I].datab[] = datab1_ff[I+RWIDTH-1][I].q[];END GENERATE;adder1[LWIDTH-1..1].cin = adder1[LWIDTH-2..0].cout;END GENERATE;IF USED(cout) # USED(overflow) GENERATEcout_node = adder1[LWIDTH-1].cout;unreg_cout_node = adder1[LWIDTH-1].unreg_cout;ELSE GENERATEcout_node = GND;unreg_cout_node = GND;END GENERATE;ELSE GENERATE------------------------------------------------ FLEX cases -------------------------------------------------- adders clock/aclr/clken/add_sub connectionsIF RWIDTH > 0 GENERATEadder0[RWIDTH-1..0].(clock, aclr, clken) = (clock, aclr, clken);IF RWIDTH > 1 GENERATEadder0_0[RWIDTH-1..1].(clock, aclr, clken) = (clock, aclr, clken);END GENERATE;IF (LWIDTH > 1) GENERATEadder1[LWIDTH-2..0].(clock, aclr, clken) = (clock, aclr, clken);END GENERATE;adder1_0[LWIDTH-1..0].(clock, aclr, clken) = (clock, aclr, clken);ELSE GENERATEIF LWIDTH > 1 GENERATEadder1[LWIDTH-2..0].(clock, aclr, clken) = (clock, aclr, clken);adder1_0[LWIDTH-1..1].(clock, aclr, clken) = (clock, aclr, clken);END GENERATE;END GENERATE;IF REG_LAST_ADDER == 1 GENERATEadder1[LWIDTH-1].(clock, aclr, clken) = (clock, aclr, clken);END GENERATE;IF LPM_REPRESENTATION == "SIGNED" GENERATEsign_ff[INT_LATENCY-2..0].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);END GENERATE;-- dataa & datab input connectionsIF RWIDTH > 0 GENERATEIF RWIDTH > 1 GENERATEFOR I IN 1 TO RWIDTH-1 GENERATEadder0_0[I].dataa[SUB_WIDTH0-1..0] = dataa[(I+1)*SUB_WIDTH0-1..I*SUB_WIDTH0];adder0_0[I].datab[SUB_WIDTH0-1..0] = datab_node[(I+1)*SUB_WIDTH0-1..I*SUB_WIDdatab0_ff[0][I].d[] = adder0_0[I].result[];END GENERATE;END GENERATE;FOR I IN 0 TO LWIDTH-1 GENERATEadder1_0[I].dataa[SUB_WIDTH1-1..0] = dataa[(I+1)*SUB_WIDTH1+RWIDTH*SUB_WIDTH0-1..I*SUB_WIDTH1+RWIDTH*SUB_WIDTH0];adder1_0[I].datab[SUB_WIDTH1-1..0] = datab_node[(I+1)*SUB_WIDTH1+RWIDTH*SUB_WIDTHI*SUB_WIDTH1+RWIDTH*SUB_WIDTH0];datab1_ff[0][I].d[] = adder1_0[I].result[];END GENERATE;ELSE GENERATEIF LWIDTH > 1 GENERATEFOR I IN 1 TO LWIDTH-1 GENERATEadder1_0[I].dataa[SUB_WIDTH1-1..0] = dataa[(I+1)*SUB_WIDTH1-1..I*SUB_WIDTH1];adder1_0[I].datab[SUB_WIDTH1-1..0] = datab_node[(I+1)*SUB_WIDTH1-1..I*SUB_WIDdatab1_ff[0][I].d[] = adder1_0[I].result[];END GENERATE;END GENERATE;END GENERATE;-- adder and bypass nodes connectionsIF RWIDTH > 0 GENERATE-- The nonhomogeneous adder case. Note that with RWIDTH > 0,-- INT_LATENCY must have been > 1.-- longer (right hand side) adder(s) connection(s)-- the upper right-most adder is connected to the input nodesadder0[0].dataa[SUB_WIDTH0-1..0] = dataa[SUB_WIDTH0-1..0];adder0[0].datab[SUB_WIDTH0-1..0] = datab_node[SUB_WIDTH0-1..0];adder0[0].cin = cin_node;-- if more than one right-side adder, make the input and carry connectionsIF RWIDTH > 1 GENERATEFOR I IN 1 TO RWIDTH-1 GENERATEadder0[I].dataa[0] = adder0[I-1].result[SUB_WIDTH0];adder0[I].datab[] = datab0_ff[I-1][I].q[];END GENERATE;END GENERATE;-- first left-hand-side adder connectionsadder1[0].dataa[0] = adder0[RWIDTH-1].result[SUB_WIDTH0];adder1[0].datab[] = datab1_ff[RWIDTH-1][0].q[];ELSE GENERATE-- case with homogeneous addersadder1[0].dataa[SUB_WIDTH1-1..0] = dataa[SUB_WIDTH1-1..0];adder1[0].datab[SUB_WIDTH1-1..0] = datab_node[SUB_WIDTH1-1..0];adder1[0].cin = cin_node;END GENERATE;-- more connections if more than 1 left-hand-side adders existIF LWIDTH > 1 GENERATEFOR I IN 1 TO LWIDTH-1 GENERATEadder1[I].dataa[0] = adder1[I-1].result[SUB_WIDTH1];adder1[I].datab[] = datab1_ff[I+RWIDTH-1][I].q[];END GENERATE;END GENERATE;IF LPM_REPRESENTATION == "SIGNED" GENERATEsign_ff[0].d[] = (dataa[LPM_WIDTH-1], datab_node[LPM_WIDTH-1]);IF INT_LATENCY > 2 GENERATEFOR I IN 1 TO INT_LATENCY-2 GENERATEsign_ff[I].d[] = sign_ff[I-1].q[];END GENERATE;END GENERATE;END GENERATE;IF USED(cout) # USED(overflow) GENERATEcout_node = adder1[LWIDTH-1].result[SUB_WIDTH1];unreg_cout_node = adder1[LWIDTH-1].unreg_result[SUB_WIDTH1];ELSE GENERATEcout_node = GND;unreg_cout_node = GND;END GENERATE;END GENERATE;---------------------------- datab_ff connections ----------------------------IF RWIDTH > 0 GENERATE-- first quadrant connectionsFOR I IN 0 TO RWIDTH-1 GENERATEdatab0_ff[I][I].d[] = adder0[I].result[];END GENERATE;IF RWIDTH > 1 GENERATEIF RWIDTH > 2 GENERATEFOR I IN 1 TO RWIDTH-2 GENERATEdatab0_ff[I][RWIDTH-1..(I+1)].d[] = datab0_ff[I-1][RWIDTH-1..(I+1)].q[];datab0_ff[I][RWIDTH-1..(I+1)].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);END GENERATE;END GENERATE;FOR I IN 1 TO RWIDTH-1 GENERATEdatab0_ff[I][I-1..0].d[] = datab0_ff[I-1][I-1..0].q[];datab0_ff[I][I-1..0].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);END GENERATE;END GENERATE;-- fourth quadrant connectionsFOR I IN RWIDTH TO INT_LATENCY-1 GENERATEdatab0_ff[I][RWIDTH-1..0].d[] = datab0_ff[I-1][RWIDTH-1..0].q[];END GENERATE;IF (INT_LATENCY - RWIDTH) > 1 GENERATEFOR I IN RWIDTH TO INT_LATENCY-2 GENERATEdatab0_ff[I][RWIDTH-1..0].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);END GENERATE;END GENERATE;IF REG_LAST_ADDER == 1 GENERATEdatab0_ff[INT_LATENCY-1][].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);END GENERATE;-- second quadrant connectionsIF RWIDTH > 1 GENERATEFOR I IN 1 TO RWIDTH-1 GENERATEdatab1_ff[I][LWIDTH-1..0].d[] = datab1_ff[I-1][LWIDTH-1..0].q[];datab1_ff[I][LWIDTH-1..0].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);END GENERATE;END GENERATE;-- datab1_ff interface between second and third quadrantsIF LWIDTH >1 GENERATEdatab1_ff[RWIDTH][LWIDTH-1..1].d[] = datab1_ff[RWIDTH-1][LWIDTH-1..1].q[];datab1_ff[RWIDTH][LWIDTH-1..1].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);END GENERATE;END GENERATE;-- third quadrant connectionsFOR I IN 0 TO LWIDTH-1 GENERATEdatab1_ff[I+RWIDTH][I].d[] = adder1[I].result[];END GENERATE;IF LWIDTH > 1 GENERATEFOR I IN 1 TO LWIDTH-1 GENERATEdatab1_ff[I+RWIDTH][I-1..0].d[] = datab1_ff[I+RWIDTH-1][I-1..0].q[];END GENERATE;IF LWIDTH > 2 GENERATEFOR I IN 1 TO LWIDTH-2 GENERATEdatab1_ff[I+RWIDTH][I-1..0].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);END GENERATE;FOR I IN 1 TO LWIDTH-2 GENERATEdatab1_ff[I+RWIDTH][LWIDTH-1..I+1].d[] =datab1_ff[I+RWIDTH-1][LWIDTH-1..I+1].q[]datab1_ff[I+RWIDTH][LWIDTH-1..I+1].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);END GENERATE;END GENERATE;IF REG_LAST_ADDER == 1 GENERATEdatab1_ff[INT_LATENCY-1][LWIDTH-2..0].(clk, clrn, ena) = (clock, !aclr, clken);END GENERATE;END GENERATE;-- connections of last row to output nodes-- right sectionIF RWIDTH > 0 GENERATEFOR J IN 0 TO RWIDTH-1 GENERATEresult_node[(J+1)*SUB_WIDTH0-1..J*SUB_WIDTH0] = datab0_ff[INT_LATENCY-1][J].q[SUB_WIDTH0-1..0];END GENERATE;END GENERATE;-- left sectionFOR J IN 0 TO LWIDTH-1 GENERATEresult_node[(J+1)*SUB_WIDTH1+RWIDTH*SUB_WIDTH0-1..J*SUB_WIDT H1+RWIDTH*SUB_WIDTH0] =datab1_ff[INT_LATENCY-1][J].q[SUB_WIDTH1-1..0];END GENERATE;-- overflow detectionIF LPM_REPRESENTATION == "SIGNED" GENERATEIF !(FAMILY_FLEX() == 1) GENERATE[] = (datab1_ff[INT_LATENCY-2][LWIDTH-1].q[SUB_WIDTH1-1] !$dataa_ff[INT_LATENCY-2].q[LPM_WIDTH-1]) &(dataa_ff[INT_LATENCY-2].q[LPM_WIDTH-1] $adder1[LWIDTH-1].unreg_result[SUB_WIDTH1-1]);ELSE GENERATE[] = !(sign_ff[INT_LATENCY-2].q[0] $ sign_ff[INT_LATENCY-2]&(sign_ff[INT_LATENCY-2].q[0] $ adder1[LWIDTH-1].unrEND GENERATE;ELSE GENERATEIF LPM_DIRECTION == "SUB" GENERATE[] = !cout_node;ELSE GENERATEIF USED(add_sub) GENERATE[] = !add_sub_ff[INT_LATENCY-2].q[0] $ unreg_cout_node;ELSE GENERATE[] = cout_node;END GENERATE;END GENERATE;END GENERATE;ELSE GENERATE------------------------------------ non-pipelined adder cases ------------------------------------IF USED(clock) # (USE_LOOK_AHEAD == 0) GENERATE--------------------------------------------------- connections for a ripple carry adder-------------------------------------------------[] = dataa[];[] = datab[];result_node[] = [];IF USED(cin) GENERATE= cin;END GENERATE;IF USED(add_sub) GENERATE= add_sub;END GENERATE;IF USED(cout) GENERATEcout_node = ;ELSE GENERATEcout_node = GND;END GENERATE;IF USED(overflow) GENERATEoflow_node = ;ELSE GENERATEoflow_node = GND;。

数字系统设计32位进位选择加法器设计

数字系统设计32位进位选择加法器设计

1、12进位选择加法器原理图32位进位选择加法器原理图仅仅是将12位进位选择加法器原理图中虚线框内的模块再向后重复5次,这就构成了32位进位选择加法器原理图。

2、Verilog模块根据上图可以将进位选择加法器在结构上分为四个模块:①四位先行进位加法器adder_4bits②四位数据选择器mux_2to1③高四位选择加法器(虚线框内部分)adder_high_4bits④顶层设计32位进位选择加法器adder_32_bits3、Verilog代码# 四位先行进位加法器module adder_4bits(a,b,s,ci,co);parameter N=4;input[N-1:0] a;input[N-1:0] b;input ci;output[N-1:0] s;output co;wire [N-1:0] c;wire [N-1:0] g;wire [N-1:0] p;assign g=a&b;assign p=a|b;assign c[0]=g[0]||(p[0]&&ci);assign c[1]=g[1]||(p[1]&&g[0])||(p[1]&&p[0]&&ci);assign c[2]=g[2]||(p[2]&&g[1])||(p[2]&&p[1]&&g[0])||(p[2]&&p[1]&&p[0]&&ci);assignc[3]=g[3]||(p[3]&&g[2])||(p[3]&&p[2]&&g[1])||(p[3]&&p[2]&&p[1]&&g[0])||(p[3]&&p[2]&&p[1]&&p[0]&&ci);assign s[0]=p[0]&~g[0]^ci;assign s[1]=p[1]&~g[1]^c[0];assign s[2]=p[2]&~g[2]^c[1];assign s[3]=p[3]&~g[3]^c[2];assign co=c[3];endmodule# 四位数据选择器module mux_2to1 (out,in0,in1,sel);parameter N=4;output[N:1] out;input[N:1] in0,in1;input sel;assign out=sel?in1:in0;endmodule# 高四位选择加法器module adder_high_4bits(a,b,ci,co,s);parameter N=4;input[N-1:0] a;input[N-1:0] b;input ci;output[N-1:0] s;output co;wire [N-1:0] sum1,sum0;wire co1,co0,cand;adder_4bits #(4) adder_1(.a(a),.b(b),.s(sum1),.ci(1'b1),.co(co1)); adder_4bits #(4) adder_2(.a(a),.b(b),.s(sum0),.ci(1'b0),.co(co0)); mux_2to1 #(4) mux1(.in0(sum0),.in1(sum1),.sel(ci),.out(s)); and G1(cand,ci,co1);or G2(co,cand,co0);endmodule# 顶层设计32位进位选择加法器module adder_32bits(a,b,s,ci,co);parameter N=32;input [N-1:0] a;input [N-1:0] b;input ci;output [N-1:0] s;output co;wire co1,co2,co3,co4,co5,co6,co7;adder_4bits #(4) adder1(.a(a[3:0]),.b(b[3:0]),.ci(ci),.s(s[3:0]),.co(co1));adder_high_4bits #(4) adder2(.a(a[7:4]),.b(b[7:4]),.ci(co1),.s(s[7:4]),.co(co2));adder_high_4bits #(4) adder3(.a(a[11:8]),.b(b[11:8]),.ci(co2),.s(s[11:8]),.co(co3));adder_high_4bits #(4) adder4(.a(a[15:12]),.b(b[15:12]),.ci(co3),.s(s[15:12]),.co(co4));adder_high_4bits #(4) adder5(.a(a[19:16]),.b(b[19:16]),.ci(co4),.s(s[19:16]),.co(co5));adder_high_4bits #(4) adder6(.a(a[23:20]),.b(b[23:20]),.ci(co5),.s(s[23:20]),.co(co6));adder_high_4bits #(4) adder7(.a(a[27:24]),.b(b[27:24]),.ci(co6),.s(s[27:24]),.co(co7));adder_high_4bits #(4) adder8(.a(a[31:28]),.b(b[31:28]),.ci(co7),.s(s[31:28]),.co(co)); endmodule4、仿真结果①四位先行进位加法器进行仿真,结果如下如图所示,a=0101,b=1010,ci=1;sum=0000,cout=1;仿真正确。

verilog加法

verilog加法

verilog加法Verilog是一种硬件描述语言,它可以用于模拟和验证电子系统的行为和性能。

它包含了比C语言更多的硬件层面元素,这使得其非常适合用于设计各种数字电路,包括加法器。

加法器是数字电路中的一种基本组件,其用于将两个二进制数字相加,得到一个新的二进制数字。

下面,我们就来详细讲解如何用Verilog实现加法器。

第一步:定义输入输出与变量首先,我们需要定义加法器的输入和输出,并定义用于存储加法结果的变量。

在Verilog中,使用“input”和“output”关键字来定义这些信号,并使用“reg”关键字定义一个变量。

module adder (input a, input b, input carry_in, output result, output carry_out);reg [1:0] sum;第二步:定义加法器逻辑接下来,我们需要实现加法器的逻辑。

在本例中,我们将使用逻辑门,包括XOR门和AND门,来定义加法器的运算。

在Verilog中,可以使用“assign”关键字来为变量分配一个值。

assign #1 sum[0] = a ^ b;assign #2 sum[1] = sum[0] ^ carry_in;assign #3 carry_out = a & b | carry_in & sum[0];assign #4 result = sum[1];这里的“^”表示XOR运算符,“&”表示AND运算符,“|”表示OR运算符。

通过这些逻辑门的组合,我们可以实现加法器的运算。

第三步:测试加法器的功能最后,我们需要测试加法器的功能。

使用Verilog Testbenches,我们可以模拟输入和输出信号,并观察加法器的运行过程以验证其正确性。

以下是一个基本测试例程:module adder_tb;reg a, b, carry_in;wire result, carry_out;adder DUT (a, b, carry_in, result, carry_out);initial begin$dumpfile("adder_tb.vcd");$dumpvars(0, adder_tb);// Test case 1#10 a = 1; b = 0; carry_in = 0;#10 a = 1; b = 1; carry_in = 0;#10 a = 1; b = 1; carry_in = 1;#10 a = 0; b = 0; carry_in = 1;#10 $finish;endendmodule这里,“reg”表示输入信号,“wire”表示输出信号。

verilog 加法

verilog 加法

Verilog加法引言Verilog是一种硬件描述语言,它被广泛应用于数字电路设计和硬件描述。

在数字电路中,加法是最基本的运算之一。

本文将介绍Verilog中的加法实现方法,包括全加器、加法器和多位加法器。

全加器定义全加器是一种用于实现二进制加法的电路。

它接受两个输入位和一个进位位,并产生一个输出位和一个进位位。

全加器的真值表如下:输入A 输入B 进位位输出位进位位0 0 0 0 00 0 1 1 00 1 0 1 00 1 1 0 11 0 0 1 01 0 1 0 11 1 0 0 11 1 1 1 1Verilog实现下面是一个使用Verilog描述的全加器的例子:module full_adder(input A, input B, input Cin, output S, output Cout);assign S = A ^ B ^ Cin;assign Cout = (A & B) | (Cin & (A ^ B));endmodule其中,A和B是输入位,Cin是进位位,S是输出位,Cout是进位位。

加法器定义加法器是一种用于实现多位二进制加法的电路。

它由多个全加器组成,每个全加器负责一位的加法运算。

加法器的输入包括两个多位二进制数和一个进位位,输出是一个多位二进制数和一个进位位。

Verilog实现下面是一个使用Verilog描述的4位加法器的例子:module adder_4bit(input [3:0] A, input [3:0] B, input Cin, output [3:0] S, out put Cout);wire [3:0] c;wire s0, s1, s2;full_adder FA0(A[0], B[0], Cin, S[0], c[0]);full_adder FA1(A[1], B[1], c[0], S[1], c[1]);full_adder FA2(A[2], B[2], c[1], S[2], c[2]);full_adder FA3(A[3], B[3], c[2], S[3], Cout);endmodule其中,A和B是输入的4位二进制数,Cin是进位位,S是输出的4位二进制数,Cout是进位位。

用Verilog+HDL语言设计分频器和32位计数器

用Verilog+HDL语言设计分频器和32位计数器

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该模块已通过软件仿真,符合设计要求。并已将程序下载到FPGA芯片,在电路板上与 系统进行联调,已证明设计达到预期功能,正式投入使用。
参 考 文 献
1夏宇闻.复杂数字电路与系统的VerilogHDL设计技术.北京t北京航空航天大学出版杜,1999.1—86 2阎石鼓字电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社.1 997.224--295 3束万焘·罗 车,吴顺军.CPI,D技术及其盥用西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.30】oo
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Vol
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Nov-,2002
用Ver|log
HDL语言设计分频器和32位计数器
谈艳云 罗志强
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仍局
(北京航空航天大学电子工程东北京
擅要t介绍一种软件实现分频器和32位计数器的设计思路.即采用大规模可编程逻辑芯片.
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32位双重快速跳跃进位链六级流水线加法器Verilog的实现

32位双重快速跳跃进位链六级流水线加法器Verilog的实现

32位双重快速跳跃进位链六级流水线加法器Verilog的实现DLUT-SOFTWARE-0819Mr Xie2011/6/28`timescale 1ns / 1ps //定义时间单位为1ns,时间精度为1ps////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// //模块名: fullAdder32//端口说明: clk: 输入的时钟A:输入的32加数B:输入的32位被加数Cin:输入的最低位进位Cout:输出的最高位进位Sum:两个数相加的和//目标器件: Veritex4系列的XC4VSX35//工具版本: Xilinx-ISE10.1、ISE Simulator(VHDL/Verilog)、Synplify Pro9.6.2 //依懒关系: 不依懒于其它模块//创建日期: 08:43:38 06/21/2011//创建人:////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// module fullAdder32(clk,A,B,Cin,Cout,Sum);input clk; //声明clk为1位的线网型输入变量input [31:0] A; //声明A为32位的线网型输入变量input [31:0] B; //声明B为32位的线网型输入变量,input Cin; //声明Cin为1位的线网型输入变量output Cout; //声明Cout为1位的线网型输出变量output [31:0] Sum; //声明Sum为32位的线网型输出变量reg [31:0] Sum; //对Sum进行重新声明为寄存器型reg Cout; //对Cout进行重新声明为寄存器型reg [30:0] C; //每一位相加时产生的进位reg [30:0]tmpC1, tmpC2, tmpC3; //临时变量,对进位作一个暂存reg [31:0]d; //小组的本地进位reg [31:0]tmpd1, tmpd2, tmpd3;//临时变量,对本地进位作一个暂存reg [31:0]t; //小组的传递进位reg [31:0]tmpt1, tmpt2, tmpt3;//临时变量,对传递进位作一个暂存reg [8:1]D; //大组的本地进位reg [8:1]tmpD1; //临时变量,对大组的本地进位作一个暂存reg [8:1]T; //大组的传递进位reg [8:1]tmpT1; //临时变量,对大组的传递进位作一个暂存reg [31:0]tmpA1, tmpA2, tmpA3, tmpA4, tmpA5;//对输入变量A作暂存reg [31:0]tmpB1, tmpB2, tmpB3, tmpB4, tmpB5; //对输入变量B作暂存reg tmpCin1, tmpCin2, tmpCin3, tmpCin4, tmpCin5;//对输入变量Cin作暂存reg tmpCout1, tmpCout2;//对输出变量Cout作一个暂存//////////////////第一个时钟周期//////////////////////////////////计算小组的本地进位d和传递进位t//对输入的加数A,被加数B,低位进位Cin作一级暂存always @(posedge clk) begind <= A&B;t <= A|B;tmpA1 <= A;tmpB1 <= B;tmpCin1 <= Cin;end//////////////////第二个时钟周期/////////////////////////////////对输入的加数A,被加数B,低位进位Cin作二级暂存//对小组的本地进位d,传递进位t作一级暂存//计算进位C[0],C[1],C[2]//计算大组的本地进位D、传递进位Talways @(posedge clk) begintmpd1 <= d;tmpt1 <= t;tmpA2 <= tmpA1;tmpB2 <= tmpB1;tmpCin2 <= tmpCin1;C[0] <= d[0] | t[0]&tmpCin1;C[1] <= d[1] | t[1]&d[0] | t[1]&t[0]&tmpCin1;C[2] <= d[2] | t[2]&d[1] | t[2]&t[1]&d[0] | t[2]&t[1]&t[0]&tmpCin1;D[1] <= d[3] | &{t[3],d[2]} | &{t[3:2],d[1]} | &{t[3:1],d[0]};T[1] <= &t[3:0]; //t[3]&t[2]&t[1]&t[0];D[2] <= d[7] | &{t[7],d[6]} | &{t[7:6],d[5]}| &{t[7:5],d[4]};T[2] <= &t[7:4]; //t[3]&t[2]&t[1]&t[0];D[3] <= d[11] | &{t[11],d[10]} | &{t[11:10],d[9]}| &{t[11:9],d[8]};T[3] <= &t[11:8]; //t[11]&t[10]&t[9]&t[8];D[4] <= d[15] | &{t[15],d[14]} | &{t[15:14],d[13]}| &{t[15:13],d[12]};T[4] <= &t[15:12]; //t[15]&t[14]&t[13]&t[12];D[5] <= d[19] | &{t[19],d[18]} | &{t[19:18],d[17]}| &{t[19:17],d[16]};T[5] <= &t[19:16]; //t[19]&t[18]&t[17]&t[16];D[6] <= d[23] | &{t[23],d[22]} | &{t[23:22],d[21]}| &{t[23:21],d[20]};T[6] <= &t[23:20]; //t[23]&t[22]&t[21]&t[20];D[7] <= d[27] | &{t[27],d[26]} | &{t[27:26],d[25]}| &{t[27:25],d[24]};T[7] <= &t[27:24]; //t[27]&t[26]&t[25]&t[24];D[8] <= d[31] | &{t[31],d[30]} | &{t[31:30],d[29]}| &{t[31:29],d[28]};T[8] <= &t[31:28]; //t[31]&t[30]&t[29]&t[28];end////////////////////////t第三个时钟周期///////////////////////////对输入的加数A,被加数B,低位进位Cin作三级暂存//对小组的本地进位d,传递进位t作二级暂存//对大组的本地进位D,传递进位T作一级暂存//对进位部分进位C作二级暂存//计算进位C[3],C[7],C[11],C[15]always @ (posedge clk) begintmpd2 <= tmpd1;tmpt2 <= tmpt1;tmpA3 <= tmpA2;tmpB3 <= tmpB2;tmpCin3 <= tmpCin2;tmpD1 <= D;tmpT1 <= T;tmpC1[2:0] <= C[2:0];tmpC1[3] <= D[1] | T[1]&tmpCin2;tmpC1[7] <= D[2] | T[2]&tmpCin2;tmpC1[11] <= D[3] | T[3]&tmpCin2;tmpC1[15] <= D[4] | T[4]&tmpCin2;end////////////////////////t第四个时钟周期///////////////////////// //对输入的加数A,被加数B,低位进位Cin作四级级暂存//对小组的本地进位d,传递进位t作三级暂存//对进位部分进位C作二级暂存//计算进位C[6:4],C[10:8],C[14:12],C[19:16],C[23],C[27]//计算最高进位Coutalways @ (posedge clk) begintmpd3 <= tmpd2;tmpt3 <= tmpt2;tmpA4 <= tmpA3;tmpB4 <= tmpB3;tmpCin4 <= tmpCin3;tmpC2[0] <= tmpC1[0];tmpC2[1] <= tmpC1[1];tmpC2[2] <= tmpC1[2];tmpC2[3] <= tmpC1[3];tmpC2[7] <= tmpC1[7];tmpC2[11] <= tmpC1[11];tmpC2[15] <= tmpC1[15];tmpC2[4] <= tmpd2[4] | tmpt2[4]&tmpC1[3];tmpC2[5] <= tmpd2[5] | tmpt2[5]&tmpd2[4] | tmpt2[5]&tmpt2[4]&tmpC1[3];tmpC2[6] <= tmpd2[6] | tmpt2[6]&tmpd2[5] |tmpt2[6]&tmpt2[5]&tmpt2[4]&tmpC1[3];tmpC2[8] <= tmpd2[8] | tmpt2[8]&tmpC1[7];tmpC2[9] <= tmpd2[9] | tmpt2[9]&tmpd2[8] | tmpt2[9]&tmpt2[8]&tmpC1[7];tmpC2[10]<=tmpd2[10] | tmpt2[10]&tmpd2[9]| tmpt2[10]&tmpt2[9]&tmpt2[8]&tmpC1[7];tmpC2[12] <= tmpd2[12] | tmpt2[12]&tmpC1[11];tmpC2[13] <= tmpd2[13] | tmpt2[13]&tmpd2[12]| tmpt2[13]&tmpt2[12]&tmpC1[11];tmpC2[14] <= tmpd2[14] | tmpt2[14]&tmpd2[13]|tmpt2[14]&tmpt2[13]&tmpt2[12]&tmpC1[11];tmpC2[16] <= tmpd2[16] | tmpt2[16]&tmpC1[15];tmpC2[17] <= tmpd2[17] | tmpt2[17]&tmpd2[16]| tmpt2[17]&tmpt2[16]&tmpC1[15];tmpC2[18]<=tmpd2[18] | tmpt2[18]&tmpd2[17]| tmpt2[18]&tmpt2[17]&tmpt2[16]&tmpC1[15];tmpC2[19] <= tmpD1[5] | tmpT1[5]&tmpC1[15];tmpC2[23] <= tmpD1[6] | tmpT1[6]&tmpC1[15];tmpC2[27] <= tmpD1[7] | tmpT1[7]&tmpC1[15];tmpCout1 <= tmpD1[8] | tmpT1[8]&tmpC1[15];end////////////////////////t第五个时钟周期///////////////////////////对输入的加数A,被加数B,低位进位Cin作五级级暂存//对进位部分进位C作三级暂存//对最高进位Cout作一级暂存//计算进位C[22:20],C[26:24],C[30:28]always @ (posedge clk) begintmpA5 <= tmpA4;tmpB5 <= tmpB4;tmpCin5 <= tmpCin4;tmpC3[19:0] <= tmpC2[19:0];tmpC3[23] <= tmpC2[23];tmpC3[27] <= tmpC2[27];tmpCout2 <= tmpCout1;tmpC3[20] <= tmpd3[20] | tmpt3[20]&tmpC2[19];tmpC3[21] <= tmpd3[21] | tmpt3[21]&tmpd3[20]| tmpt3[21]&tmpt3[20]&tmpC2[19];tmpC3[22] <= tmpd3[22] | tmpt3[22]&tmpd3[21]| tmpt3[22]&tmpt3[21]&tmpd3[20]| tmpt3[22]&tmpt3[21]&tmpt3[20]&tmpC2[19];tmpC3[24] <= tmpd3[24] | tmpt3[24]&tmpC2[23];tmpC3[25] <= tmpd3[25] | tmpt3[25]&tmpd3[24]| tmpt3[21]&tmpt3[20]&tmpC2[23];tmpC3[26] <= tmpd3[26] | tmpt3[26]&tmpd3[25]| tmpt3[26]&tmpt3[25]&tmpd3[23]| tmpt3[26]&tmpt3[25]&tmpt3[24]&tmpC2[23];tmpC3[28] <= tmpd3[28] | tmpt3[28]&tmpC2[27];tmpC3[29] <= tmpd3[29] | tmpt3[29]&tmpd3[28]| tmpt3[29]&tmpt3[28]&tmpC2[27];tmpC3[30] <= tmpd3[30] | tmpt3[30]&tmpd3[29]| tmpt3[30]&tmpt3[29]&tmpd3[28]| tmpt3[30]&tmpt3[29]&tmpt3[28]&tmpC2[27]; end////////////////////////第六个时钟周期///////////////////////////所有的进位已经产生//计算A、B两个数的和Sum//输出最高进位always @ (posedge clk) beginSum <= tmpA5^tmpB5^{tmpC3[30:0],tmpCin5};Cout <= tmpCout2;endendmodule// module fullAdder32(clk,A,B,Cin,Cout,Sum);测试代码如下:`timescale 1ns / 1ps //定义时间单为及时间精度//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////模块名: test.v//输入输出端口:无//目标器件: Veritex4系列的XC4VSX35//工具版本: Xilinx-ISE10.1、ISE Simulator(VHDL/Verilog)、Synplify Pro9.6.2 //创建日期: 08:44:52 06/23/2011//创建人://////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// module test;// 输入信号reg clk;reg [31:0] A;reg [31:0] B;reg Cin;//输出信号wire Cout;wire [31:0] Sum;// 实例化要测试的模块fullAdder32 uut (.clk(clk),.A(A),.B(B),.Cin(Cin),.Cout(Cout),.Sum(Sum));initial begin// 初始化输入信号clk = 1;A = 32'd1112111;B = 32'd2221222;Cin = 0;//下面为仿真激励信号foreverfork#20 A <= A + 1; //加数每隔一个时钟周期加1#20 B <= B + 1; //被加数每隔一个时钟周期加1joinendalways#10 clk <= ~clk; //时钟周期为20nsendmodule1.加法器的仿真仿真时序波形如下所示:2.加法器的综合Technology Hierarchical View如下图所示:。

超前进位加法器设计(参考资料)

超前进位加法器设计(参考资料)

加法器设计(三)超前进位加法器(Verilog)超前进位加法器module add4_head ( a, b, ci, s, pp, gg);input[3:0] a;input[3:0] b;input ci;output[3:0] s;output pp;output gg;wire[3:0] p;wire[3:0] g;wire[2:0] c;assign p[0] = a[0] ^ b[0];assign p[1] = a[1] ^ b[1];assign p[2] = a[2] ^ b[2];assign p[3] = a[3] ^ b[3];assign g[0] = a[0] & b[0];assign g[1] = a[1] & b[1];assign g[2] = a[2] & b[2];assign g[3] = a[3] & b[3];assign c[0] = (p[0] & ci) | g[0];assign c[1] = (p[1] & c[0]) | g[1];assign c[2] = (p[2] & c[1]) | g[2];assign pp = p[3] & p[2] & p[1] & p[0];assign gg = g[3] | (p[3] & (g[2] | p[2] & (g[1] | p[1] & g[0])));assign s[0] = p[0] ^ ci;assign s[1] = p[1] ^ c[0];assign s[2] = p[2] ^ c[1];assign s[3] = p[3] ^ c[2];endmodule首先要明确几个概念:p表示进位否决信号(pass),如果p为0就否决调前一级的进位输入。

否决的意思就是即使前一级有进位,本级也不会向后一级产生进位输出。

32位浮点加法器设计

32位浮点加法器设计

32位浮点加法器设计苦行僧宫城摘要:运算器的浮点数能够提供较大的表示精度和较大的动态表示范围,浮点运算已成为现代计算程序中不可缺少的部分。

浮点加法运算是浮点运算中使用频率最高的运算。

因此,浮点加法器的性能影响着整个CPU的浮点处理能力。

文中基于浮点加法的原理,采用Verilog硬件描述语言设计32位单精度浮点数加法器,并用modelsim对浮点加法器进行仿真分析,从而验证设计的正确性和可行性。

关键词:浮点运算浮点加法器 Verilog硬件描述语言Studying on Relation of Technology and Civilization苦行僧宫城(School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai , China) Abstract: The floating-point arithmetic provides greater precision and greater dynamic representation indication range, with floating point calculations have become an indispensable part of the program. Floating-point adder is the most frequently used floating point arithmetic. Therefore, the performance of floating point adder affecting the entire CPU floating point processing capabilities. In this paper the principle-based floating-point addition, Verilog hardware description language design 32-bit single-precision floating-point adder and floating-point adder using modelsim simulation analysis in order to verify the correctness and feasibility of the desig小组成员及任务分配:1浮点数和浮点运算1.1浮点数浮点数是属于有理数中某特定子集的数的数字表示,在计算机中用以近似表示任意某个实数。

超前进位加法器的verilog写法

超前进位加法器的verilog写法

超前进位加法器(Carry Look-Ahead Adder)是一种快速加法器,它能够在一次时钟周期内完成所有的进位计算。

与传统的串行进位加法器相比,超前进位加法器具有更高的性能。

下面是一个简单的超前进位加法器的Verilog实现:verilogmodule CLA_adder(input [3:0] a,input [3:0] b,output reg [3:0] sum,output reg cout);// Generate individual full adderswire [2:0] c_in;wire [2:0] s_in;wire [2:0] c_out;wire [2:0] g, p;FA fa0(.a(a[0]), .b(b[0]), .cin(c_in[0]), .sum(s_in[0]), .cout(c_out[0]));FA fa1(.a(a[1]), .b(b[1]), .cin(c_in[1]), .sum(s_in[1]), .cout(c_out[1]));FA fa2(.a(a[2]), .b(b[2]), .cin(c_in[2]), .sum(s_in[2]), .cout(c_out[2]));FA fa3(.a(a[3]), .b(b[3]), .cin(c_in[2]), .sum(s_in[3]), .cout(cout));// Generate carry generate and propagate signalsassign g[0] = a[0] & b[0];assign p[0] = a[0] ^ b[0];assign g[1] = a[1] & b[1] | (a[1] & p[0]) | (b[1] & p[0]);assign p[1] = a[1] ^ b[1] ^ c_out[0];assign g[2] = a[2] & b[2] | (a[2] & p[1]) | (b[2] & p[1]);assign p[2] = a[2] ^ b[2] ^ c_out[1];assign c_in[2] = g[1] | (p[1] & c_out[0]);assign c_in[1] = g[0] | (p[0] & c_out[0]);assign c_in[0] = 0;// Generate sumassign sum[0] = s_in[0];assign sum[1] = s_in[1] ^ c_out[0];assign sum[2] = s_in[2] ^ c_out[1];assign sum[3] = s_in[3] ^ cout;endmodule// Full adder modulemodule FA(input a,input b,input cin,output sum,output cout);assign {cout, sum} = a + b + cin;endmodule在这个实现中,我们首先定义了一个名为CLA_adder的模块,它接收两个4位输入a和b,并输出它们的和sum以及最高位的进位cout。

verilog-32位浮点加法器程序及代码解释

verilog-32位浮点加法器程序及代码解释

verilog-32位浮点加法器程序及代码解释module flowadd(ix, iy, clk, a_en, ost,oz);input ix, iy, clk, a_en;output oz, ost;wire[31:0] ix,iy;reg[31:0] oz;wire clk,ost,a_en;reg[25:0] xm, ym, zm;reg[7:0] xe, ye, ze;reg[2:0] state;parameterstart=3'b000,zerock=3'b001,exequal=3'b010,addm=3'b011,infifl =3'b100,over =3'b110;assign ost = (state == over) ? 1 : 0; /*后端处理,输出浮点数*/ always@(posedge ost)beginif(a_en)oz <= {zm[25],ze[7:0],zm[22:0]};endalways@(posedge clk) //状态机begincase(state)start: //前端处理,分离尾数和指数,同时还原尾数beginxe <= ix[30:23];xm <= {ix[31],1'b0,1'b1,ix[22:0]};ye <= iy[30:23];ym <= {iy[31],1'b0,1'b1,iy[22:0]};state <= zerock;endzerock:beginif(ix == 0)begin{ze, zm} <= {ye, ym};state <= over;endelseif(iy == 0)begin{ze, zm} <= {xe, xm};state <= over;endelsestate <= exequal;endexequal: //指数处理,使得指数相等beginif(xe == ye)state <= addm;elseif(xe > ye)beginye <= ye + 1;ym[24:0] <= {1'b0, ym[24:1]};if(ym == 0)beginzm <= xm;ze <= xe;state <= over;endelsestate <= exequal;endelsebeginxe <= xe + 1;xm[24:0] <= {1'b0,xm[24:1]};if(xm == 0)beginzm <= ym;ze <= ye;state <= over;endelsestate <= exequal;endendaddm: //带符号位和保留进位的尾数相加beginif ((xm[25]^ym[25])==0)beginzm[25] <= xm[25];zm[24:0] <= xm[24:0]+ym[24:0]; endelseif(xm[24:0]>ym[24:0])beginzm[25] <= xm[25];zm[24:0] <=xm[24:0]-ym[24:0]; endelsebeginzm[25] <= ym[25];zm[24:0] <=ym[24:0]-xm[24:0]; endze <= xe;state <= infifl;endinfifl: //尾数规格化处理beginif(zm[24]==1)beginzm[24:0] <= {1'b0,zm[24:1]}; ze <= ze + 1;state <= over;endelseif(zm[23]==0)beginzm[24:0] <= {zm[23:0],1'b0}; ze <= ze - 1;state <= infifl;endelsestate <= over;endover:beginstate<= st art;end default: beginstate<= start; end endcaseend endmodule。

用verilog编写的32位超前进位加法器代码

用verilog编写的32位超前进位加法器代码

//超前进位加法器`define word_size 32`define word [`word_size-1:0]`define n 4`define slice [`n-1:0]`define s0 (1*`n)-1:0*`n`define s1 (2*`n)-1:1*`n`define s2 (3*`n)-1:2*`n`define s3 (4*`n)-1:3*`n`define s4 (5*`n)-1:4*`n`define s5 (6*`n)-1:5*`n`define s6 (7*`n)-1:6*`n`define s7 (8*`n)-1:7*`nmodule c_adder (a,b,cin,s,cout); //顶层模块input`word a,b;input cin;output`word s;output cout;wire[7:0] gg,gp,gc; //wire[3:0] ggg,ggp,ggc; //wire gggg,gggp; ////first levelbitslice i0(a[`s0],b[`s0],gc[0],s[`s0],gp[0],gg[0]); bitslice i1(a[`s1],b[`s1],gc[1],s[`s1],gp[1],gg[1]); bitslice i2(a[`s2],b[`s2],gc[2],s[`s2],gp[2],gg[2]); bitslice i3(a[`s3],b[`s3],gc[3],s[`s3],gp[3],gg[3]); bitslice i4(a[`s4],b[`s4],gc[4],s[`s4],gp[4],gg[4]); bitslice i5(a[`s5],b[`s5],gc[5],s[`s5],gp[5],gg[5]); bitslice i6(a[`s6],b[`s6],gc[6],s[`s6],gp[6],gg[6]); bitslice i7(a[`s7],b[`s7],gc[7],s[`s7],gp[7],gg[7]); //second levelcla c0(gp[3:0],gg[3:0],ggc[0],gc[3:0],ggp[0],ggg[0]); cla c1(gp[7:4],gg[7:4],ggc[1],gc[7:4],ggp[1],ggg[1]); assign ggp[3:2]=2'b11;assign ggg[3:2]=2'b00;//third levelcla c2(ggp,ggg,cin,ggc,gggp,gggg);assign cout=gggg|(gggp&cin);endmodule//求和并按输出a,b,cin分组module bitslice(a,b,cin,s,gp,gg);input`slice a,b;input cin;output`slice s;output gp,gg;wire`slice p,g,c;pg i1(a,b,p,g);cla i2(p,g,cin,c,gp,gg);sum i3(a,b,c,s);endmodule//计算传播值和产生值的PG模块module pg(a,b,p,g);input`slice a,b;output `slice p,g;assign p=a|b;assign g=a&b;endmodule//计算sum值的sum模块module sum(a,b,c,s);input`slice a,b,c;output`slice s;wire`slice t=a^b;assign s=t^c;endmodule//n-bit 超前进位模块module cla (p,g,cin,c,gp,gg);input`slice p,g; //输出的propagate bit (传送值)和generate bit(生成值)input cin; //进位输入output`slice c; //为每一位产生进位output gp,gg; //传播值和进位制function [99:0] do_cla; //该函数内将为每个位计算其进位值input `slice p,g;input cin;begin: labelinteger i;reg gp,gg;reg`slice c;gp=p[0];gg=g[0];c[0]=cin;for (i=1;i<`n;i=i+1)begin//C0=G0+P0C_1//C1=G1+P1C0=(G1+P1G0)+P1P0C_1 gp=gp&p[i];gg=(gg&p[i])|g[i];c[i]=(c[i-1]&p[i-1])|g[i-1]; enddo_cla={c,gp,gg};endendfunctionassign {c,gp,gg}=do_cla(p,g,cin); endmodule。

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//超前进位加法器
`define word_size 32
`define word [`word_size-1:0]
`define n 4
`define slice [`n-1:0]
`define s0 (1*`n)-1:0*`n
`define s1 (2*`n)-1:1*`n
`define s2 (3*`n)-1:2*`n
`define s3 (4*`n)-1:3*`n
`define s4 (5*`n)-1:4*`n
`define s5 (6*`n)-1:5*`n
`define s6 (7*`n)-1:6*`n
`define s7 (8*`n)-1:7*`n
module c_adder (a,b,cin,s,cout); //顶层模块
input`word a,b;
input cin;
output`word s;
output cout;
wire[7:0] gg,gp,gc; //
wire[3:0] ggg,ggp,ggc; //
wire gggg,gggp; //
//first level
bitslice i0(a[`s0],b[`s0],gc[0],s[`s0],gp[0],gg[0]); bitslice i1(a[`s1],b[`s1],gc[1],s[`s1],gp[1],gg[1]); bitslice i2(a[`s2],b[`s2],gc[2],s[`s2],gp[2],gg[2]); bitslice i3(a[`s3],b[`s3],gc[3],s[`s3],gp[3],gg[3]); bitslice i4(a[`s4],b[`s4],gc[4],s[`s4],gp[4],gg[4]); bitslice i5(a[`s5],b[`s5],gc[5],s[`s5],gp[5],gg[5]); bitslice i6(a[`s6],b[`s6],gc[6],s[`s6],gp[6],gg[6]); bitslice i7(a[`s7],b[`s7],gc[7],s[`s7],gp[7],gg[7]); //second level
cla c0(gp[3:0],gg[3:0],ggc[0],gc[3:0],ggp[0],ggg[0]); cla c1(gp[7:4],gg[7:4],ggc[1],gc[7:4],ggp[1],ggg[1]); assign ggp[3:2]=2'b11;
assign ggg[3:2]=2'b00;
//third level
cla c2(ggp,ggg,cin,ggc,gggp,gggg);
assign cout=gggg|(gggp&cin);
endmodule
//求和并按输出a,b,cin分组
module bitslice(a,b,cin,s,gp,gg);
input`slice a,b;
input cin;
output`slice s;
output gp,gg;
wire`slice p,g,c;
pg i1(a,b,p,g);
cla i2(p,g,cin,c,gp,gg);
sum i3(a,b,c,s);
endmodule
//计算传播值和产生值的PG模块
module pg(a,b,p,g);
input`slice a,b;
output `slice p,g;
assign p=a|b;
assign g=a&b;
endmodule
//计算sum值的sum模块
module sum(a,b,c,s);
input`slice a,b,c;
output`slice s;
wire`slice t=a^b;
assign s=t^c;
endmodule
//n-bit 超前进位模块
module cla (p,g,cin,c,gp,gg);
input`slice p,g; //输出的propagate bit (传送值)和generate bit(生成值)
input cin; //进位输入
output`slice c; //为每一位产生进位
output gp,gg; //传播值和进位制
function [99:0] do_cla; //该函数内将为每个位计算其进位值
input `slice p,g;
input cin;
begin: label
integer i;
reg gp,gg;
reg`slice c;
gp=p[0];
gg=g[0];
c[0]=cin;
for (i=1;i<`n;i=i+1)
begin
//C0=G0+P0C_1
//C1=G1+P1C0=(G1+P1G0)+P1P0C_1 gp=gp&p[i];
gg=(gg&p[i])|g[i];
c[i]=(c[i-1]&p[i-1])|g[i-1]; end
do_cla={c,gp,gg};
end
endfunction
assign {c,gp,gg}=do_cla(p,g,cin); endmodule。

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