大鼠脑立体定位图

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大鼠和小鼠解剖图谱(照片版)

大鼠和小鼠解剖图谱生物秀—专心做生物！ｗｗｗ．ｂｂｉｏｏ．ｃｏｍ易生物－领先的生物医药商务平台ｗｗｗ．ｅｂｉｏｅ．ｃｏｍ生物秀论坛－学术交流，资源共享，互助社区ｗｗｗ．ｂｂｉｏｏ．ｃｏｍ／ｂｂｓ／图Ⅷ-1整体骨骼侧面观The skeleton. Lateral View图Ⅷ-2整体骨骼左前面观The skeleton. Left anterior view1肋骨rib2胸椎thoracic vertebra3颈椎cervical vertebra4颅骨cranium5肩胛骨scapula6肱骨hiimeius7桡骨radius8尺骨ulna9掌骨metacarpal bone10指骨digital bone11腰椎lumbar vertebra12髂骨ilium13尾骨coccyx14股骨femur15髌骨patella16腓骨fubula17胫骨tibia18跖骨metatarsal bone19趾骨digital bone图Ⅷ-4头骨侧面The skull. Lateral aspect图Ⅷ-6下颌骨侧面The mandible. Lateral aspect1枕骨occipital bone2顶间骨interparietal bone3矢状缝sagittal suture4颧骨malar bone5上颌骨maxillary bone6前颌骨premaxillary bone7枕外嵴external occipital creat8顶骨parietal bone9额骨frontal bone10鼻骨nasal bone11鼻间缝internasal suture12前筛孔preethmoid pore13蝶腭孔sphenopalatine foramen 14门齿 incisor tooth15下颌骨mandible16视神经孔optic foramen17枕骨occipital bone18茎突styloid process19外耳道external acoustic meatus 20颞骨temporal bone21 腭裂patoschisis22臼齿molar tooth23腭骨palatine bone24翼孔pterygoid apertures25破裂孔foramen lacerum26枕大孔foramen magnum27腭后孔posterior palatine foramen 28鼻后孔posterior nasal apertures 29卵圆孔foramen ovale30鼓骨tympanic bone31舌下神经孔hypoglossal foramen 32下颌联合mandibular symphysis 33颏孔mental foramen34冠状突coronoid process35下颌支ramus of mandible36角状突process of horn37下颌孔mandibular foramen38翼肌窝pterygoid fossa39髁突condylar process图Ⅷ-7颈椎与胸椎背面The cervical 图Ⅷ-9前肢骨背面The bone of vertebra and thoracic vertebra.Dorsal aspect anterior 1imb.Dorsal aspect图Ⅷ-8前肢骨外侧面The bone of anteriorlimb. Lateral aspect1枢椎axis 2第4颈椎4th cervical vertebra3第6颈椎6th cervical vertebra 4第1胸椎1st thoracic vertebra5第4胸椎4th thoracic vertebra 6寰椎axis7第3颈椎3rd cervical vertebra 8第5颈椎5th cervical vertebra9第7颈椎7th cervical vertebra 10第3胸椎3rd thoracic vertebral1肱骨体shaft of humcrus 12桡骨radius13尺骨ulna 14尺骨茎突styloid process of ulna15掌骨metacarpal bone 16肱骨头head of hurnerusl7肘突cubital process 18腕骨carpal bone19指骨digital bone图Ⅷ-10股骨前面The femur. 图Ⅷ-11胫骨与腓骨前面The tibia Anterior aspect and fibula. Anterior aspect1大转子greater trochanter2股骨颈neck of femur3第三转子third trochanter4髌骨patella5股骨头femoral headG小转子lesser trochanter7股骨体shaft of femur8股骨内侧髁medial condyle of femur9外侧髁lateral condyle10腓骨fibula11外踝 lateral malleolus12跗骨tarsal bone13胫骨内侧髁medial condyle of tibia14径骨粗隆tibial tuberosity15胫骨tibiaI6内踝medial mallcolus17跖骨metatarsal bone18斜方肌trapezius muscle19臀浅肌glutoeus super(icialis muscle20股直肌rectus femoris muscle21腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen 22背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle23肩斜方肌shoulder-trapezius muscle24大圆肌teres major muscle25肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle26前锯肌serratus anterior muscle1锁骨提肌levator clavicle muscle 2肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle 3肱三头肌triceps brachii muscle4臀浅肌gluteus suferficidlis muscle 5股直肌rectus femoris muscle6腓肠肌gastrocnemius muscle7夹肌splenius muscle8颈菱形肌rhomboideus cervicis muscle9胸菱形肌rhomboideus pectoralis muscle10背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle11腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen 12股二头肌biceps femoris muscle13半腱肌semitendinosus muscle14二腹肌前腹anterior belly of digastric muscle 15二腹肌后腹posterior belly of digastric muscle 16胸骨舌骨肌sternohyoid muscle17肱二头肌biceps brachii muscle18腹直肌rectus abdominis muscle19股动、静脉femoral artery and femoral vein 20阴囊scrotum21咬肌masseter muscle22胸乳突肌sternomastoideus muscle23肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle24桡侧腕伸肌extensor carpi radialis muscle25指总伸肌extensor digitorum communis muscle 26尺侧腕伸肌extensor carpi ulnaris muscle27胸浅肌pectoral superficialis muscle28前锯肌serratus anterior muscle29股内侧肌vastus medialis muscle30耻骨肌pectineus muscle31长收肌adductor longus muscle32股薄肌gracilis muscle图Ⅷ-15头、颈部侧面The head and neck. Lateral aspect上静脉supraorbitalveine 7颈外静脉external jugular vein 1颞浅动、静脉superficial temporal artery and vein 2眶3面横动、静脉transverse facial artery and vein 4下颌缘神经marginalmandibular nerv 5面后静脉posterior facial vein 6面前静脉anterior facial vein1颞浅动、静脉superficial temporal artery and vein 2眶上静脉supraorbitalvein3面横动、静脉transverse facial artery and vein 4下颌缘神经marginalmandibular nerve 5面后静脉posterior facial vein 6面前静脉anterior facial vein7颈外静脉external jugular vein 8硬腭褶fold of hard palate9臼齿molar tooth 10门齿incisor tooth11软腭soft palate 12舌根root of tongue13舌体body of tongue 14舌尖apex of tongue图Ⅷ-18脑与脊髓背面The brain and 图Ⅷ-19脑与脊髓腹面The brain and spinal cord.Dorsal aspect spinal cordVentral aspect1 喉口aperture of larynx 2舌根root of tongue 3舌尖apex of tongue 4硬腭褶fold of hard palate 5软腭soft palate 6会厌epiglottis 7臼齿molar tooth 8舌体body of tongue 9嗅球olfactory bulb 10中央纵裂central longitudinal fissue 1l 绒球flocculus 12颈膨大cervical enlargement 13腰膨大lumbar enlargement 14外侧纵沟lateral longitudinal sulcus15大脑cerebrum 16小脑（中央部）cerebellum (central part ） 17脊髓圆锥courts medullaris 18 脑垂体 pituitary gland 19脑桥pons 20延髓 myelencephalon 21嗅束olfactory tract 22视神经optic nerve 23三叉神经trigeminal nerve图Ⅷ-20磁共振冠状面定位像（1)The scout view of coronal images（1）图Ⅷ-21磁共振冠状面定位像（2）The scout view of coronal images（2)1眼球eyeball2嗅脑rhinencephalon3大脑皮层cerebral cortex4大脑镰cerebral faix5鼻旁窦paranasal sinus6纵裂longitudinal fissure冠状面T1加权像，颞颌关节线圈，SE序列，层厚3.0mm，无间隔，TR=500rns，TE=20ms。

大鼠脑图谱

George Paxinos
Prince of Wales Medical Research Institute The University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia g.paxinos@.au .au/staff/paxinos.htm
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Features of the Fifth Edition
• • 161 coronal diagrams based on a single brain Diagrams spaced at constant 120 µm intervals giving scientists the most comprehensive and convenient atlas of the rat brain The most accurate stereotaxic reference system available Outlines of ﬁgures and brain structures in blue, but labels and leader lines in black for increased clarity of delineations All delineations re-examined in the light of recent ﬁndings Delineations of brain structures have been made with reference to sections stained for Nissl substance, AChE, parvalbumin, calbindin, calretinin, SMI-32, tyrosine hydroxylase, and NADPH diaphorase (Paxinos et al. 1999a,b) Extensive use was made of reference works, including the third edition of The Rat Nervous System (Paxinos, 2004) and other recent neuroanatomical literature Spinal cord drawings from the atlas of Molander and Grant(1995) Diagrams available on CD-ROM for printing.

大鼠解剖图

图Ⅷ-1整体骨骼侧面观The skeleton. Lateral View图Ⅷ-2整体骨骼左前面观The skeleton. Left anterior view1肋骨rib2胸椎thoracic vertebra3颈椎cervical vertebra4颅骨cranium5肩胛骨scapula6肱骨hiimeius7桡骨radius8尺骨ulna9掌骨metacarpal bone10指骨digital bone11腰椎lumbar vertebra12髂骨ilium13尾骨coccyx14股骨femur15髌骨patella16腓骨fubula17胫骨tibia18跖骨metatarsal bone19趾骨digital bone图Ⅷ-4头骨侧面The skull. Lateral aspect图Ⅷ-6下颌骨侧面The mandible. Lateral aspect1枕骨occipital bone2顶间骨interparietal bone3矢状缝sagittal suture4颧骨malar bone5上颌骨maxillary bone6前颌骨premaxillary bone7枕外嵴external occipital creat8顶骨parietal bone9额骨frontal bone10鼻骨nasal bone11鼻间缝internasal suture12前筛孔preethmoid pore13蝶腭孔sphenopalatine foramen 14门齿 incisor tooth15下颌骨mandible16视神经孔optic foramen17枕骨occipital bone18茎突styloid process19外耳道external acoustic meatus 20颞骨temporal bone21 腭裂patoschisis22臼齿molar tooth23腭骨palatine bone24翼孔pterygoid apertures25破裂孔foramen lacerum26枕大孔foramen magnum27腭后孔posterior palatine foramen 28鼻后孔posterior nasal apertures 29卵圆孔foramen ovale30鼓骨tympanic bone31舌下神经孔hypoglossal foramen 32下颌联合mandibular symphysis 33颏孔mental foramen34冠状突coronoid process35下颌支ramus of mandible36角状突process of horn37下颌孔mandibular foramen38翼肌窝pterygoid fossa39髁突condylar process图Ⅷ-7颈椎与胸椎背面The cervical 图Ⅷ-9前肢骨背面The bone of vertebra and thoracic vertebra.Dorsal aspect anterior 1imb.Dorsal aspect图Ⅷ-8前肢骨外侧面The bone of anteriorlimb. Lateral aspect1枢椎axis 2第4颈椎4th cervical vertebra3第6颈椎6th cervical vertebra 4第1胸椎1st thoracic vertebra5第4胸椎4th thoracic vertebra 6寰椎axis7第3颈椎3rd cervical vertebra 8第5颈椎5th cervical vertebra9第7颈椎7th cervical vertebra 10第3胸椎3rd thoracic vertebral1肱骨体shaft of humcrus 12桡骨radius13尺骨ulna 14尺骨茎突styloid process of ulna15掌骨metacarpal bone 16肱骨头head of hurnerusl7肘突cubital process 18腕骨carpal bone19指骨digital bone图Ⅷ-10股骨前面The femur. 图Ⅷ-11胫骨与腓骨前面The tibia Anterior aspect and fibula. Anterior aspect1大转子greater trochanter2股骨颈neck of femur3第三转子third trochanter4髌骨patella5股骨头femoral headG小转子lesser trochanter7股骨体shaft of femur8股骨内侧髁medial condyle of femur9外侧髁lateral condyle10腓骨fibula11外踝 lateral malleolus12跗骨tarsal bone13胫骨内侧髁medial condyle of tibia14径骨粗隆tibial tuberosity15胫骨tibiaI6内踝medial mallcolus17跖骨metatarsal bone18斜方肌trapezius muscle19臀浅肌glutoeus super(icialis muscle20股直肌rectus femoris muscle21腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen 22背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle23肩斜方肌shoulder-trapezius muscle24大圆肌teres major muscle25肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle26前锯肌serratus anterior muscle1锁骨提肌levator clavicle muscle 2肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle 3肱三头肌triceps brachii muscle4臀浅肌gluteus suferficidlis muscle 5股直肌rectus femoris muscle6腓肠肌gastrocnemius muscle7夹肌splenius muscle8颈菱形肌rhomboideus cervicis muscle9胸菱形肌rhomboideus pectoralis muscle10背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle11腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen 12股二头肌biceps femoris muscle13半腱肌semitendinosus muscle14二腹肌前腹anterior belly of digastric muscle 15二腹肌后腹posterior belly of digastric muscle 16胸骨舌骨肌sternohyoid muscle17肱二头肌biceps brachii muscle18腹直肌rectus abdominis muscle19股动、静脉femoral artery and femoral vein 20阴囊scrotum21咬肌masseter muscle22胸乳突肌sternomastoideus muscle23肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle24桡侧腕伸肌extensor carpi radialis muscle25指总伸肌extensor digitorum communis muscle 26尺侧腕伸肌extensor carpi ulnaris muscle27胸浅肌pectoral superficialis muscle28前锯肌serratus anterior muscle29股内侧肌vastus medialis muscle30耻骨肌pectineus muscle31长收肌adductor longus muscle32股薄肌gracilis muscle图Ⅷ-15头、颈部侧面The head and neck. Lateral aspect上静脉supraorbitalveine 7颈外静脉external jugular vein 1颞浅动、静脉superficial temporal artery and vein 2眶3面横动、静脉transverse facial artery and vein 4下颌缘神经marginalmandibular nerv 5面后静脉posterior facial vein 6面前静脉anterior facial vein1颞浅动、静脉superficial temporal artery and vein 2眶上静脉supraorbitalvein3面横动、静脉transverse facial artery and vein 4下颌缘神经marginalmandibular nerve 5面后静脉posterior facial vein 6面前静脉anterior facial vein7颈外静脉external jugular vein 8硬腭褶fold of hard palate9臼齿molar tooth 10门齿incisor tooth11软腭soft palate 12舌根root of tongue13舌体body of tongue 14舌尖apex of tongue图Ⅷ-18脑与脊髓背面The brain and 图Ⅷ-19脑与脊髓腹面The brain and spinal cord.Dorsal aspect spinal cordVentral aspect1 喉口aperture of larynx 2舌根root of tongue 3舌尖apex of tongue 4硬腭褶fold of hard palate 5软腭soft palate 6会厌epiglottis 7臼齿molar tooth 8舌体body of tongue 9嗅球olfactory bulb 10中央纵裂central longitudinal fissue 1l 绒球flocculus 12颈膨大cervical enlargement 13腰膨大lumbar enlargement 14外侧纵沟lateral longitudinal sulcus15大脑cerebrum 16小脑（中央部）cerebellum (central part ） 17脊髓圆锥courts medullaris 18 脑垂体 pituitary gland 19脑桥pons 20延髓 myelencephalon 21嗅束olfactory tract 22视神经optic nerve 23三叉神经trigeminal nerve图Ⅷ-20磁共振冠状面定位像（1)The scout view of coronal images（1）图Ⅷ-21磁共振冠状面定位像（2）The scout view of coronal images（2)1眼球eyeball2嗅脑rhinencephalon3大脑皮层cerebral cortex4大脑镰cerebral faix5鼻旁窦paranasal sinus6纵裂longitudinal fissure冠状面T1加权像，颞颌关节线圈，SE序列，层厚3.0mm，无间隔，TR=500rns，TE=20ms。

大鼠脑图谱(第5版)

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大鼠解剖图7

图17口腔2theoralcavity2图18脑与脊髓背面thebrainand图19脑与脊髓腹面thebrainandspinalcorddorsalaspectspinalcordventralaspect1喉口apertureoflarynx2舌根rootoftongue3舌尖apexoftongue4硬腭褶foldofhardpalate5软腭softpalate6会厌epiglottis7臼齿molartooth8舌体bodyoftongue9嗅球olfactorybulb10中央纵裂centrallongitudinalfissue1l绒球flocculus12颈膨大cervicalenlargement13腰膨大lumbarenlargement14外侧纵沟laterallongitudinalsulcus15大脑cerebrum16小脑中央部cerebellumcentralpart17脊髓圆锥courtsmedullaris18脑垂体pituitarygland19脑桥pons20延髓myelencephalon21嗅束olfactorytract22视神经opticnerve23三叉神经trigeminalnerve
4 硬腭褶 fold of hard palate 6 会厌 epiglottis 8 舌体 body of tongue 10 中央纵裂 central longitudinal fissue 12 颈膨大 cervical enlargement 14 外侧纵沟 lateral longitudinal sulcus 16 小脑（中央部）cerebellum (central part） 18 脑垂体 pituitary gland 20 延髓 myelencephalon 22 视神经 optic nerve

《大鼠脑立体定位图谱》出版消息

《大鼠脑立体定位图谱》出版消息《大鼠脑立体定位图谱》是一部由诸葛启钏主编，人民卫生出版社于2005年7月1日出版的书籍。

该书以大鼠脑为研究对象，提供了大鼠脑各个区域的立体定位信息，对于研究大鼠脑的结构和功能具有重要的参考价值。

该书共分为字，由人民卫生出版社正式出版，胶版纸印刷，平装包装。

对于医学、生物学、神经科学等领域的研究者来说，《大鼠脑立体定位图谱》无疑是一本非常有价值的参考书籍。

书中详细介绍了大鼠脑的各个区域和核团，并使用定位坐标来描述其在脑中的位置。

还提供了许多有关大鼠脑的形态学、生理学和行为学等方面的信息。

通过该书，读者可以全面了解大鼠脑的结构和功能，对于开展相关研究具有重要指导意义。

《大鼠脑立体定位图谱》的出版为相关领域的研究者提供了一本非常有价值的参考书籍，对于推动大鼠脑科学研究的发展具有重要意义。

脑缺血再灌注和电针治疗是当前医学研究的重要领域，其中电针治疗是一种具有中国特色且广泛应用于临床的疗法。

本文旨在探讨电针对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑皮质局部血流量和血管新生的影响，为临床应用提供理论依据。

在过去的研究中，脑缺血再灌注损伤的机制一直是一个难题。

近年来，随着科学技术的发展，越来越多的研究表明，脑缺血再灌注后血管新生对于脑损伤的修复和神经功能的恢复具有重要意义。

然而，目前尚无理想的治疗方法能够有效地促进血管新生，改善脑部供血。

本研究采用随机对照实验方法，选取健康成年大鼠为研究对象，分为假手术组、模型组和电针组。

建立大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型，然后对电针组大鼠进行电针治疗。

通过免疫组织化学法和图像分析技术，观察各组大鼠脑皮质局部血流量和血管新生情况。

实验结果显示，电针组大鼠脑皮质局部血流量明显高于模型组和假手术组，且电针组大鼠脑皮质血管新生数量也明显增加。

这表明电针治疗可以有效地促进脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑皮质局部血流量增加和血管新生，对脑损伤修复和神经功能恢复具有积极作用。

电针对脑缺血再灌注大鼠脑皮质局部血流量和血管新生的影响研究表明，电针治疗可以有效地改善脑部供血，促进血管新生，对脑损伤修复和神经功能恢复具有积极作用。

大鼠脑图谱冠状面

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大鼠大脑谱图-1

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0
1
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10 +5 0 -5
8
+15
+10
7
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3
6
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5
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4
5
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DTr 1 2 3 AOM 2 1 3 VTT AOV DEn 3 2 Pir 1 7 6
3
2
8
Interaural 12.70 mm
5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2
Bregma 3.70 mm
3 4 5
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
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9
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[超清]大鼠的解剖图谱

图Ⅷ-1整体骨骼侧面观The skeleton. Lateral View图Ⅷ-2整体骨骼左前面观The skeleton. Left anterior view1肋骨rib2胸椎thoracic vertebra3颈椎cervical vertebra4颅骨cranium5肩胛骨scapula6肱骨hiimeius7桡骨radius8尺骨ulna9掌骨metacarpal bone10指骨digital bone11腰椎lumbar vertebra12髂骨ilium13尾骨coccyx14股骨femur15髌骨patella16腓骨fubula17胫骨tibia18跖骨metatarsal bone19趾骨digital bone图Ⅷ-4头骨侧面The skull. Lateral aspect1枕骨occipital bone2顶间骨interparietal bone3矢状缝sagittal suture4颧骨malar bone5上颌骨maxillary bone6前颌骨premaxillary bone7枕外嵴external occipital creat8顶骨parietal bone9额骨frontal bone10鼻骨nasal bone11鼻间缝internasal suture12前筛孔preethmoid pore13蝶腭孔sphenopalatine foramen14门齿 incisor tooth15下颌骨mandible16视神经孔optic foramen17枕骨occipital bone18茎突styloid process19外耳道external acoustic meatus20颞骨temporal bone图Ⅷ-6下颌骨侧面The mandible. Lateral aspect4颧骨malar bone5上颌骨maxillary bone6前颌骨premaxillary bone14门齿 incisor tooth17枕骨occipital bone19外耳道external acoustic meatus21 腭裂patoschisis22臼齿molar tooth23腭骨palatine bone24翼孔pterygoid apertures25破裂孔foramen lacerum26枕大孔foramen magnum27腭后孔posterior palatine foramen28鼻后孔posterior nasal apertures29卵圆孔foramen ovale30鼓骨tympanic bone31舌下神经孔hypoglossal foramen32下颌联合mandibular symphysis33颏孔mental foramen34冠状突coronoid process35下颌支ramus of mandible36角状突process of horn37下颌孔mandibular foramen38翼肌窝pterygoid fossa39髁突condylar process图Ⅷ-7颈椎与胸椎背面The cervical 图Ⅷ-9前肢骨背面The bone of vertebra and thoracic vertebra.Dorsal aspect anterior 1imb.Dorsal aspect图Ⅷ-8前肢骨外侧面The bone of anteriorlimb. Lateral aspect1枢椎axis 2第4颈椎4th cervical vertebra3第6颈椎6th cervical vertebra 4第1胸椎1st thoracic vertebra5第4胸椎4th thoracic vertebra 6寰椎axis7第3颈椎3rd cervical vertebra 8第5颈椎5th cervical vertebra9第7颈椎7th cervical vertebra 10第3胸椎3rd thoracic vertebral1肱骨体shaft of humcrus 12桡骨radius13尺骨ulna 14尺骨茎突styloid process of ulna15掌骨metacarpal bone 16肱骨头head of hurnerusl7肘突cubital process 18腕骨carpal bone19指骨digital bone图Ⅷ-10股骨前面The femur. 图Ⅷ-11胫骨与腓骨前面The tibiaand fibula. Anterior aspectAnterior aspect1大转子greater trochanter2股骨颈neck of femur3第三转子third trochanter4髌骨patella5股骨头femoral head6小转子lesser trochanter7股骨体shaft of femur8股骨内侧髁medial condyle of femur9外侧髁lateral condyle10腓骨fibula11外踝 lateral malleolus12跗骨tarsal bone13胫骨内侧髁medial condyle of tibia14径骨粗隆tibial tuberosity15胫骨tibiaI6内踝medial mallcolus17跖骨metatarsal bone18斜方肌trapezius muscle19臀浅肌glutoeus super(icialis muscle20股直肌rectus femoris muscle21腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen 22背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle23肩斜方肌shoulder-trapezius muscle24大圆肌teres major muscle25肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle26前锯肌serratus anterior muscle1锁骨提肌levator clavicle muscle 2肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle 3肱三头肌triceps brachii muscle4臀浅肌gluteus suferficidlis muscle 5股直肌rectus femoris muscle6腓肠肌gastrocnemius muscle7夹肌splenius muscle 8颈菱形肌rhomboideus cervicis muscle9胸菱形肌rhomboideus pectoralis muscle10背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle11腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen 12股二头肌biceps femoris muscle13半腱肌semitendinosus muscle3肱三头肌triceps brachii muscle5股直肌rectus femoris muscle11腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen 13半腱肌semitendinosus muscle14二腹肌前腹anterior belly of digastric muscle 15二腹肌后腹posterior belly of digastric muscle 16胸骨舌骨肌sternohyoid muscle17肱二头肌biceps brachii muscle18腹直肌rectus abdominis muscle19股动、静脉femoral artery and femoral vein 20阴囊scrotum21咬肌masseter muscle 22胸乳突肌sternomastoideus muscle23肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle24桡侧腕伸肌extensor carpi radialis muscle25指总伸肌extensor digitorum communis muscle 26尺侧腕伸肌extensor carpi ulnaris muscle27胸浅肌pectoral superficialis muscle28前锯肌serratus anterior muscle29股内侧肌vastus medialis muscle30耻骨肌pectineus muscle31长收肌adductor longus muscle32股薄肌gracilis muscle图Ⅷ-15头、颈部侧面The head and neck. Lateral aspect上静脉supraorbitalveine 7颈外静脉external jugular vein 1颞浅动、静脉superficial temporal artery and vein 2眶3面横动、静脉transverse facial artery and vein 4下颌缘神经marginalmandibular nerv5面后静脉posterior facial vein 6面前静脉anterior facial vein图Ⅷ-16口腔（1)The oral cavity （1）1颞浅动、静脉superficial temporal artery and vein 2眶上静脉supraorbitalvein3面横动、静脉transverse facial artery and vein 4下颌缘神经marginalmandibular nerve 5面后静脉posterior facial vein 6面前静脉anterior facial vein 7颈外静脉external jugular vein 8硬腭褶fold of hard palate9臼齿molar tooth 10门齿incisor tooth11软腭soft palate 12舌根root of tongue13舌体body of tongue 14舌尖apex of tongue图Ⅷ-17 口腔（2)The oral cavity (2)1 喉口aperture of larynx 2舌根root of tongue 3舌尖apex of tongue 5软腭soft palate 7臼齿molar tooth 4硬腭褶fold of hard palate 6会厌epiglottis8舌体body of tongue图Ⅷ-18脑与脊髓背面The brain and 图Ⅷ-19脑与脊髓腹面The brain andspinal cord.Dorsal aspect spinal cordVentral aspect9嗅球olfactory bulb1l绒球flocculus13腰膨大lumbar enlargement10中央纵裂central longitudinal fissue15大脑cerebrum12颈膨大cervical enlargement17脊髓圆锥courts medullaris14外侧纵沟lateral longitudinal sulcus19脑桥pons16小脑（中央部）cerebellum (central part）21嗅束olfactory tract18 脑垂体 pituitary gland23三叉神经trigeminal nerve20延髓 myelencephalon22视神经optic nerve图Ⅷ-20磁共振冠状面定位像（1)The scout view of coronal images （1）图Ⅷ-21磁共振冠状面定位像（2）The scout view of coronal images （2)1眼球eyeball2嗅脑rhinencephalon 3大脑皮层cerebral cortex 4大脑镰cerebral faix 5鼻旁窦paranasal sinus 6纵裂longitudinal fissure冠状面T 1加权像，颞颌关节线圈， SE 序列，层厚3.0mm ，无间隔， TR=500rns ，TE=20ms 。

大脑切片图

切片方法如下图，在切片之前首先要用刀片对SD 大鼠脑进行粗切，可平分为5段，粗切之后进行切纹状体，海马，黑质的精细切分。

1：纹状体和黑质的切法：切除小脑和嗅球（保险起见用刀片切除1，和6的位置）；然后从3处切开（即大约整体的2/5处），1~3区为黑质，3~6区为纹状体，黑质和纹状体都是以3处处的剖开面为底面用胶水固定在切片机小圆板底座上。

2：海马的切法：切除小脑和嗅球（保险起见用刀片切除1，和6的位置），保险起见海马保留2~4之间的区段（用刀片切在2和4的位置）处的剖开面为底面用胶水固定在切片机小圆板底座上。

具体切片方案如下根据大鼠脑立体定位图谱(第三版)在PD 模型中，所需部位主要为鼠大脑的纹状体、黑质以及海马部位:⑴纹状体区:前囟1.70mm至-0.4mm,共2.10mm,由前往后平均分为以下四个区间(每区段0.5mm):+1.70mm---+1.20mm,+1.20mm---+0.70mm,+0.70 mm ---+0.20mm，+0.20mm--- -0.40mm，+1.70mm---+1.20mm,+1.70mm---+1.20mm, +1.20mm---+0.70mm, +0.70 mm ---+0.20mm，+0.20mm--- -0.40mm，可分为四个小瓶来装片，于10ml 的棕色玻璃瓶中( 内盛6ml的0.01mM PBS,pH7.4配制的5%多聚甲醛溶液),每个区段长度为0.50mm，理论上可切30μm的脑片16张，实际保留时至少保证12张脑片。

并从前到后标明区段1(+1.70mm-+1.20mm),区段2(+1.20mm-+0.70mm),区段3(+0.70mm-+0.2mm),区段4(+0.2mm-- -0.4mm).⑵黑质区:前囟-4.52mm至-6.04mm,共1.52mm,理论上一共可切56张30μm的脑片。

进入脑区-4.16mm后,先连续切100μm的脑片共3片,接着切30μm的脑片共2张,均不保存，理论上此时已到-4.52mm的脑区位置。

大鼠脑部解剖图谱

Bibliographic Elements
– Authors (use et al. after 6 authors, if there areplete names should not be written. “et al” must be in italics)
• Websites or web pages /Homepage/Web site
– [Internet]. New York: Association of Cancer Online Resources, Inc.; c2000-01 [updated 2002 May 16; cited 2002 Jul 9]. Available from: /.
1. et al written after 4 authors it should have been written after 6 or more authors 2. Full stop after the end of the article title 3. 2006, 118 :882-887 this should have been written as 2006;118:882-7. 4. Correct ref would be Haggstrom AN, Drolet BA, Baselga E, Chamlin SL, Garzon MC, Horii KA, et al. Study of infantile hemangiomas: Clinical characteristics predicting complications and treatment. Pediatrics 2006;118:882-7.
Authors of the chapter

大鼠的解剖图谱

大鼠脑部解剖图谱

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大鼠解剖图2

图Ⅷ-3 头骨背面 The skull．Dorsal aspect
图Ⅷ-4 头骨侧面 The skull. Lateral aspect
图Ⅷ-5 头骨腹面 The skull. Ventral aspect
图Ⅷ-6 下颌骨侧面 The mandible. Lateral aspect
1 枕骨 occipital bone 2 顶间骨 interparietal bone 3 矢状缝 sagittal suture 4 颧骨 malar bone 5 上颌骨 maxillary bone 6 前颌骨 premaxillary bone 7 枕外嵴 external occipital creat 8 顶骨 parietal bone 9 额骨 frontal bone 10 鼻骨 nasal bone 11 鼻间缝 internasal suture 12 前筛孔 preethmoid pore 13 蝶腭孔 sphenopalatine foramen 14 门齿 incisor tooth 15 下颌骨 mandible 16 视神经孔 optic foramen 17 枕骨 occipital bone 18 茎突 styloid process 19 外耳道 external acoustic meatus 20 颞骨 temporal bone 21 腭裂 patoschisis 22 臼齿 molar tooth 23 腭骨 palatine bone 24 翼孔 pterygoid apertures 25 破裂孔 foramen lacerum 26 枕大孔 foramen magnum 27 腭后孔 posterior palatine foramen 28 鼻后孔 posterior nasal apertures 29 卵圆孔 foramen ovale 30 鼓骨 tympanic bone 31 舌下神经孔 hypoglossal foramen 32 下颌联合 mandibular symphysis 33 颏孔 mental foramen 34 冠状突 coronoid process 35 下颌支 ramus of mandible 36 角状突 process of horn 37 下颌孔 mandibular foramen 38 翼肌窝 pterygoid fossa 39 髁突 condylar process

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List of StructuresNames of the structures are listed in alphabetical order.Each name is followed by abbreviation of the structure.1-10 cerebellar lobules 1-103rd ventricle 3V4th ventricle 4VAA1 noradrenaline cells A1A11 dopamine cells A11A12 dopamine cells A12A13 dopamine cells A13A2 noradrenaline cells A2A4 noradrenaline cells A4A5 noradrenaline cells A5A7 noradrenaline cells A7A8 dopamine cells A8abducens nucleus 6accessory abducens nucleus Acs6accessory abducens/facial nucleus 7accessory abducens/facial nucleus Acs6/7accessory facial nucleus Acs7accessory neurosecretory nuclei Accaccessory nucleus of the ventral horn Acsaccessory olfactory bulb AOBaccessory olfactory tract aotaccessory optic tract aoptaccessory trigeminal nucleus Acs5accumbens nucleus Acbaccumbens nucleus, core AcbCaccumbens nucleus, rostral part AcbRaccumbens nucleus, shell AcbShacoustic radiation aracoustic stria asagranular insular cortex AIagranular insular cortex, dorsal part AIDagranular insular cortex, posterior part AIPagranular insular cortex, ventral part AIValar nucleus Alalveus of the hippocampus alvambiguus nucleus Ambamygdalohippocampal area AHiamygdalohippocampal area, anterolateral part AHiAL amygdalohippocampal area, posteromedial part AHiPMamygdaloid fissure afamygdaloid intramedullary gray IMGamygdalopiriform transition area APiramygdalostriatal transition area AStrangular thalamic nucleus Angansa lenticularis alansoparamedian fissure apmfanterior amygdaloid area AAanterior amygdaloid area, dorsal part AADanterior amygdaloid area, ventral part AAVanterior commissure acanterior commissure, anterior part acaanterior commissure, intrabulbar part acianterior commissure, posterior part acpanterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus ACoanterior hypothalamic area AHanterior hypothalamic area, anterior part AHAanterior hypothalamic area, central part AHCanterior hypothalamic area, posterior part AHPanterior lobe of the pituitary APitanterior olfactory nucleus, dorsal part AODanterior olfactory nucleus, external part AOEanterior olfactory nucleus, lateral part AOLanterior olfactory nucleus, medial part AOManterior olfactory nucleus, posterior part AOPanterior olfactory nucleus, ventral part AOVanterior perifornical nucleus APFanterior pretectal nucleus APTanterior pretectal nucleus, dorsal part APTDanterior pretectal nucleus, ventral part APTVanterior tegmental nucleus ATganterodorsal preoptic nucleus ADPanterodorsal thalamic nucleus ADanteromedial thalamic nucleus AManteromedial thalamic nucleus, ventral part AMVanteroventral periventricular nucleus AVPeanteroventral thalamic nucleus AVanteroventral thalamic nucleus, dorsomedial part AVDManteroventral thalamic nucleus, ventrolateral part AVVLaqueduct (Sylvius) Aqarcuate hypothalamic nucleus Arcarcuate hypothalamic nucleus, lateroposterior part ArcLParcuate hypothalamic nucleus, medial posterior part ArcMParcuate nucleus, dorsal part ArcDarcuate nucleus, lateral part ArcLarcuate nucleus, medial part ArcMarea postrema APascending fibers of the facial nerve asc7BB4 serotonin cells B4B9 serotonin cells B9Barrington's nucleus Barbasal nucleus (Meynert) Bbasilar artery basbasolateral amygdaloid nucleus BLbasolateral amygdaloid nucleus, anterior part BLAbasolateral amygdaloid nucleus, posterior part BLPbasolateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventral part BLVbasomedial amygdaloid nucleus BMbasomedial amygdaloid nucleus, anterior part BMAbasomedial amygdaloid nucleus, posterior part BMPbed nucleus of stria terminalis, fusiform part Fubed nucleus of stria terminalis, supracapsular part BSTSbed nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract BAOTbed nucleus of the anterior commissure BACbed nucleus of the stria terminalis BSTbed nucleus of the stria terminalis, intraamygdaloid division BSTIAbed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division BSTLbed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, dorsal part BSTLDbed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, intermediate part BSTLI bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, juxtacapsular part BSTLJ bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, posterior part BSTLP bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, lateral division, ventral part BSTLVbed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division BSTMbed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, anterior part BSTMA bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, posterior part BSTMP bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, posterointermediate part BSTMPIbed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, posterolateral part BSTMPL bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, posteromedial part BSTMPMbed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial division, ventral part BSTMVblood vessel bvbrachium of the inferior colliculus bicbrachium of the superior colliculus bscbrachium pontis (stem of middle cerebellar peduncle) bpBotzinger complex BoCC1 adrenaline cells C1C2 adrenaline cells C2C3 adrenaline cells C3caudal interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus CIcaudal linear nucleus of the raphe CLicaudal periolivary nucleus CPOcaudate putamen (striatum) CPucaudoventral respiratory group CVRGcaudoventrolateral reticular nucleus CVLcell bridges of the ventral striatum CBcentral amygdaloid nucleus Cecentral amygdaloid nucleus, capsular part CeCcentral amygdaloid nucleus, lateral division CeLcentral amygdaloid nucleus, medial division CeMcentral canal CCcentral cervical nucleus CeCvcentral gray of the pons CGPncentral gray, alpha part CGAcentral gray, beta part CGBcentral gray, gamma part CGGcentral medial thalamic nucleus CMcentral nucleus of the inferior colliculus CICcentral tegmental tract ctgcentrolateral thalamic nucleus CLcerebellum Cbcerebral cortex Cxcerebral peduncle, basal part cpchoroid plexus chpcingulate cortex, area 1 Cg1cingulate cortex, area 2 Cg2cingulum cgcircular nucleus Circlaustrum Clcochlear root of the vestibulocochlear nerve 8cncommissural stria terminalis cstcommissure of the inferior colliculus ciccommissure of the lateral lemniscus cllcommissure of the superior colliculus csccopula of the pyramis Copcorpus callosum cccortex-amygdala transition zone CxAcrus 1 of the ansiform lobule Crus1crus 2 of the ansiform lobule Crus2cuneate fasciculus cucuneate nucleus Cucuneiform nucleus CnFDdecussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle xscpdeep cerebral white matter dcwdeep gray layer of the superior colliculus DpGdeep mesencephalic nucleus DpMedeep white layer of the superior colliculus DpWhdentate gyrus DGdorsal 3rd ventricle D3Vdorsal acoustic stria dasdorsal cochlear nucleus DCdorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus DCICdorsal corticospinal tract dcsdorsal endopiriform nucleus DEndorsal fornix dfdorsal hippocampal commissure dhcdorsal hypothalamic area DAdorsal hypothalamic nucleus Dodorsal lateral geniculate nucleus DLGdorsal lateral olfactory tract dlodorsal longitudinal fasciculus dlfdorsal motor nucleus of vagus 10dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus DLLdorsal nucleus of the spinal cord (Clarke) Ddorsal paragigantocellular nucleus DPGidorsal peduncular cortex DPdorsal peduncular pontine nucleus DPPndorsal periolivary region DPOdorsal raphe nucleus DRdorsal raphe nucleus, caudal part DRCdorsal raphe nucleus, dorsal part DRDdorsal raphe nucleus, interfascicular part DRIdorsal raphe nucleus, ventral part DRVdorsal raphe nucleus, ventrolateral part DRVLdorsal root of spinal nerve drdorsal spinocerebellar tract dscdorsal tegmental bundle dtgdorsal tegmental decussation dtgxdorsal tegmental nucleus DTgdorsal tegmental nucleus, central part DTgCdorsal tegmental nucleus, pericentral part DTgPdorsal tenia tecta DTTdorsal terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract DTdorsal transition zone DTrdorsal tuberomammillary nucleus DTMdorsolateral fasciculus dldorsolateral orbital cortex DLOdorsolateral periaqueductal gray DLPAGdorsolateral pontine nucleus DLPndorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus DMdorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, compact part DMCdorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal part DMDdorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, ventral part DMVdorsomedial periaqueductal gray DMPAGdorsomedial pontine nucleus DMPndorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus DMSp5dorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus, dorsal part DMSp5Ddorsomedial spinal trigeminal nucleus, ventral part DMSp5Vdorsomedial tegmental area DMTgdysgranular insular cortex DIEectorhinal cortex Ectectotrigeminal nucleus E5Edinger-Westphal nucleus EWentorhinal cortex Entependyma and subependymal layer Eepifascicular nucleus EFepilemniscal nucleus ELmepirubrospinal nucleus ERSethmoid thalamic nucleus Ethexternal capsule ecexternal cortex of the inferior colliculus ECICexternal cuneate nucleus ECuexternal medullary lamina emlexternal plexiform layer of the accessory olfactory bulb EPlAexternal plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb EPlextreme capsule excFF cell group of the vestibular complex FVefacial nerve or its root 7nfacial nucleus 7facial nucleus, dorsal intermediate subnucleus 7DIfacial nucleus, dorsolateral subnucleus 7DLfacial nucleus, dorsomedial subnucleus 7DMfacial nucleus, lateral subnucleus 7Lfacial nucleus, ventral intermediate subnucleus 7VIfacial nucleus, ventromedial subnucleus 7VMfasciculus retroflexus frfasciola cinereum FCfield CA1 of hippocampus CA1field CA2 of hippocampus CA2field CA3 of hippocampus CA3fields CA1-3 of hippocampus CA1-3fimbria of the hippocampus fiflocculus Flforceps major of the corpus callosum fmjforceps minor of the corpus callosum fmifornix ffrontal association cortex FrAGgelatinous layer of the caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus Ge5gemini hypothalamic nucleus Gemgenu of the corpus callosum gccgenu of the facial nerve g7gigantocellular reticular nucleus Gigigantocellular reticular nucleus, alpha part GiAgigantocellular reticular nucleus, ventral part GiVglomerular layer of the accessory olfactory bulb GlAglomerular layer of the olfactory bulb Glglossopharyngeal nerve 9ngracile fasciculus grgracile nucleus Grgranular cell layer of the olfactory bulb GrOgranular insular cortex GIgranular layer of the cochlear nuclei GrCgranular layer of the dentate gyrus GrDGgranule cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb GrAHhabenular commissure hbchilus of the dentate gyrus Hilhippocampal fissure hfhypoglossal nucleus 12Iindusium griseum IGinferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body) icpinferior olive IOinferior olive, beta subnucleus IOBeinferior olive, cap of Kooy of the medial nucleus IOKinferior olive, dorsal nucleus IODinferior olive, dorsomedial cell group IODMinferior olive, medial nucleus IOMinferior olive, principal nucleus IOPrinferior olive, subnucleus A of medial nucleus IOAinferior olive, subnucleus B of medial nucleus IOBinferior olive, subnucleus C of medial nucleus IOCinferior olive, ventrolateral protrusion IOVLinferior salivatory nucleus ISinfracerebellar nucleus Infinfralimbic cortex ILinfundibular stem InfSinner blade of the dentate gyrus IBlinteranterodorsal thalamic nucleus IADinteranteromedial thalamic nucleus IAMintercalated amygdaloid nucleus, main part IMintercalated nuclei of the amygdala Iintercalated nucleus of the medulla Inintercollicular nucleus InCointercrural fissure icfinterfascicular nucleus IFintergeniculate leaf IGLintermediate gray layer of the superior colliculus InGintermediate interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus II intermediate lobe of the pituitary IPitintermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus ILLintermediate reticular nucleus IRtintermediate white layer of the superior colliculus InWh intermediodorsal thalamic nucleus IMDintermediolateral cell column IMLintermediomedial cell column IMMintermedioventral thalamic commissure imvcintermedius nucleus of the medulla InMinternal arcuate fibers iainternal capsule icinternal medullary lamina imlinternal plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb IPlinteroculomotor nucleus I3interpeduncular fossa IPFinterpeduncular nucleus IPinterpeduncular nucleus, apical subnucleus IPAinterpeduncular nucleus, caudal subnucleus IPCinterpeduncular nucleus, dorsolateral subnucleus IPDL interpeduncular nucleus, dorsomedial subnucleus IPDM interpeduncular nucleus, intermediate subnucleus IPI interpeduncular nucleus, lateral subnucleus IPLinterpeduncular nucleus, rostral subnucleus IPRinterpeduncular nucleus, rostrolateral subnucleus IPRL interpedunculotegmental tract iptinterposed cerebellar nucleus, anterior part IntAinterposed cerebellar nucleus, dorsolateral hump IntDLinterposed cerebellar nucleus, dorsomedial crest IntDMinterposed cerebellar nucleus, posterior part IntPinterposed cerebellar nucleus, posterior parvicellular part IntPPCinterstitial nucleus of medial longitudinal fasciculus, greater part IMLFG interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus IMLFinterstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure IPAC interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, lateral part IPACLinterstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, medial part IPACMinterstitial nucleus of the vestibulocochlear nerve I8intertrigeminal nucleus I5interventricular foramen IVFintramedullary thalamic area IMAislands of Calleja ICjislands of Calleja, major island ICjMJjuxtarestiform body jxjuxtatrigeminal area Jx5KKölliker-Fuse nucleus KFLlacunosum moleculare layer of the hippocampus LMollambdoid septal zone Ldlamina dissecans of the entorhinal cortex Dsclateral (dentate) cerebellar nucleus Latlateral accumbens shell LAcbShlateral amygdaloid nucleus Lalateral amygdaloid nucleus, dorsolateral part LaDLlateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventrolateral part LaVLlateral amygdaloid nucleus, ventromedial part LaVMlateral cerebellar nucleus, parvicellular part LatPClateral cervical nucleus LatClateral entorhinal cortex LEntlateral funiculus of the spinal cord lfulateral globus pallidus LGPlateral habenular nucleus LHblateral habenular nucleus, lateral part LHbLlateral habenular nucleus, medial part LHbMlateral hypothalamic area LHlateral lemniscal fields LLFlateral lemniscus lllateral mammillary nucleus LMlateral olfactory tract lolateral orbital cortex LOlateral parabrachial nucleus LPBlateral parabrachial nucleus, central part LPBClateral parabrachial nucleus, crescent part LPBCrlateral parabrachial nucleus, dorsal part LPBDlateral parabrachial nucleus, external part LPBElateral parabrachial nucleus, internal part LPBIlateral parabrachial nucleus, superior part LPBSlateral parabrachial nucleus, ventral part LPBVlateral paragigantocellular nucleus LPGilateral periaqueductal gray LPAGlateral pontine nucleus LPnlateral posterior thalamic nucleus LPlateral posterior thalamic nucleus, laterocaudal part LPLClateral posterior thalamic nucleus, laterorostral part LPLRlateral posterior thalamic nucleus, mediocaudal part LPMClateral posterior thalamic nucleus, mediorostral part LPMRlateral preoptic area LPOlateral recess of the 4th ventricle LR4Vlateral reticular nucleus LRtlateral reticular nucleus, parvicellular part LRtPClateral reticular nucleus, subtrigeminal part LRtS5lateral septal nucleus, dorsal part LSDlateral septal nucleus, intermediate part LSIlateral septal nucleus, ventral part LSVlateral spinal nucleus LSplateral stripe of the striatum LSSlateral superior olive LSOlateral tegmental tract ltglateral terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract LTlateral ventral pallidum LVPlateral ventricle LVlateral vestibular nucleus LVelateral vestibulospinal tract lvslateroanterior hypothalamic nucleus LAlaterodorsal tegmental nucleus LDTglaterodorsal tegmental nucleus, ventral part LDTgVlaterodorsal thalamic nucleus LDlaterodorsal thalamic nucleus, dorsomedial part LDDMlaterodorsal thalamic nucleus, ventrolateral part LDVLlateroventral periolivary nucleus LVPOlinear nucleus of the medulla Lilocus coeruleus LClongitudinal association bundle lablongitudinal fasciculus of the pons lfpMmagnocellular nucleus of the lateral hypothalamus MCLHmagnocellular nucleus of the posterior commissure MCPCmagnocellular preoptic nucleus MCPOmammillary peduncle mpmammillary recess of the 3rd ventricle MRemammillotegmental tract mtgmammillothalamic tract mtmarginal zone of the medial geniculate MZMGmedial (fastigial) cerebellar nucleus Medmedial accessory oculomotor nucleus MA3medial amygdaloid nucleus Memedial amygdaloid nucleus, anterodorsal part MeADmedial amygdaloid nucleus, anteroventral part MeAVmedial amygdaloid nucleus, posterodorsal part MePDmedial amygdaloid nucleus, posteroventral part MePVmedial cerebellar nucleus, dorsolateral protuberance MedDLmedial corticohypothalamic tract mchmedial eminence, external layer MEEmedial eminence, internal layer MEImedial entorhinal cortex MEntmedial entorhinal cortex, ventral part MEntVmedial forebrain bundle mfbmedial forebrain bundle, 'a' component mfbamedial forebrain bundle, 'b' component mfbbmedial geniculate nucleus MGmedial geniculate nucleus, dorsal part MGDmedial geniculate nucleus, medial part MGMmedial geniculate nucleus, ventral part MGVmedial globus pallidus MGPmedial habenular nucleus MHbmedial lemniscus mlmedial longitudinal fasciculus mlfmedial mammillary nucleus, lateral part MLmedial mammillary nucleus, medial part MMmedial mammillary nucleus, median part MMnmedial orbital cortex MOmedial parabrachial nucleus MPBmedial parabrachial nucleus external part MPBEmedial pontine nucleus MPnmedial preoptic area MPAmedial preoptic nucleus MPOmedial preoptic nucleus, central part MPOCmedial preoptic nucleus, lateral part MPOLmedial preoptic nucleus, medial part MPOMmedial pretectal nucleus MPTmedial rostroventrolateral medulla MRVLmedial septal nucleus MSmedial superior olive MSOmedial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract MTmedial tuberal nucleus MTumedial ventral pallidum MVPmedial vestibular nucleus MVemedial vestibular nucleus, magnocellular part MVeMCmedial vestibular nucleus, parvicellular part MVePCmedian accessory nucleus of the medulla MnAmedian eminence MEmedian preoptic nucleus MnPOmedian raphe nucleus MnRmediodorsal thalamic nucleus MDmediodorsal thalamic nucleus, central part MDCmediodorsal thalamic nucleus, lateral part MDLmediodorsal thalamic nucleus, medial part MDMmediodorsal thalamic nucleus, paralaminar part MDPLmedioventral periolivary nucleus MVPOmedullary reticular nucleus, dorsal part MdDmedullary reticular nucleus, ventral part MdVmesencephalic trigeminal nucleus Me5mesencephalic trigeminal tract me5microcellular tegmental nucleus MiTgmiddle cerebellar peduncle mcpminimus nucleus Minmitral cell layer of the accessory olfactory bulb MiAmitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb Mimolecular layer of the dentate gyrus Molmotor root of the trigeminal nerve m5motor trigeminal nucleus Mo5motor trigeminal nucleus, dorsolateral part Mo5DLmotor trigeminal nucleus, ventromedial part Mo5VMNnigrostriatal bundle nsnucleus O Onucleus of Darkschewitsch Dknucleus of origin of efferents of the vestibular nerve EVenucleus of Roller Ronucleus of the ansa lenticularis ALnucleus of the brachium of the inferior colliculus BICnucleus of the commissural stria terminalis CSTnucleus of the dorsal hippocampal commissure DHCnucleus of the fields of Forel Fnucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band HDBnucleus of the lateral olfactory tract LOTnucleus of the optic tract OTnucleus of the posterior commissure PComnucleus of the solitary tract Solnucleus of the solitary tract, central part SolCenucleus of the solitary tract, commissural part SolCnucleus of the solitary tract, dorsomedial part SolDMnucleus of the solitary tract, gelatinous part SolGnucleus of the solitary tract, intermediate part SolIMnucleus of the solitary tract, interstitial part SolInucleus of the solitary tract, medial part SolMnucleus of the solitary tract, rostrolateral part1-101-10 cerebellar lobules; OR 1-10 spinal cord layers SolRLnucleus of the solitary tract, ventrolateral part SolVLnucleus of the stria medullaris SMnucleus of the trapezoid body Tznucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band VDBnucleus X Xnucleus Y Ynucleus Z ZOobex Obexoculomotor nerve or its root 3noculomotor nucleus 3oculomotor nucleus, parvicellular part 3PColfactory bulb OBolfactory nerve layer ONolfactory tubercle Tuolfactory tubercle, densocellular part TuDColfactory tubercle, plexiform layer TuPlolfactory tubercle, polymorph layer TuPoolfactory ventricle (olfactory part of lateral ventricle) OVolivary pretectal nucleus OPTolivocerebellar tract ocolivocochlear bundle ocboptic chiasm oxoptic nerve 2noptic nerve layer of the superior colliculus Opoptic tract optoriens layer of the hippocampus Orouter blade of the dentate gyrus OBloval paracentral thalamic nucleus OPCPparaabducens nucleus Pa6parabigeminal nucleus PBGparabrachial nucleus, waist part PBWparabrachial pigmented nucleus PBPparacentral thalamic nucleus PCparacochlear glial substance PCGSparacollicular tegmentum PCTgparafascicular thalamic nucleus PFparafloccular sulcus pfsparaflocculus PFlparalambdoid septal nucleus PLdparalemniscal nucleus PLparamedian lobule PMparamedian raphe nucleus PMnRparamedian reticular nucleus PMnparamedian sulcus pmsparanigral nucleus PNparapyramidal nucleus PPypararubral nucleus PaRparasolitary nucleus PSolparastrial nucleus PSparasubiculum PaSparasubthalamic nucleus PSThparatenial thalamic nucleus PTparatrigeminal nucleus Pa5paratrochlear nucleus Pa4paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus Paparaventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior magnocellular part PaAM paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, anterior parvicellular part PaAP paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, dorsal cap PaDC paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, lateral magnocellular part PaLM paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, medial parvicellular part PaMP paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, posterior part PaPo paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, ventral part PaV paraventricular thalamic nucleus PVparaventricular thalamic nucleus, anterior part PVAparaventricular thalamic nucleus, posterior part PVPparietal association cortex PtAparvicellular motor trigeminal nucleus PC5parvicellular reticular nucleus PCRtparvicellular reticular nucleus, alpha part PCRtApedunculopontine tegmental nucleus PPTgperiaqueductal gray PAGperifacial zone P7perifornical nucleus PeFperipeduncular nucleus PPperirhinal cortex PRhperitrigeminal zone P5periventricular fiber system pvperiventricular hypothalamic nucleus Pepineal gland Pipineal recess PiRepiriform cortex Pirpiriform-amygdaloid area PAApolymorph layer of the dentate gyrus PoDGpontine nuclei Pnpontine raphe nucleus PnRpontine reticular nucleus, caudal part PnCpontine reticular nucleus, oral part PnOpontine reticular nucleus, ventral part PnVposterior commissure pcposterior hypothalamic area PHposterior intralaminar thalamic nucleus PILposterior limitans thalamic nucleus PLiposterior lobe of the pituitary PPitposterior pretectal nucleus PPTposterior superior fissure psfposterior thalamic nuclear group Poposterior thalamic nuclear group, triangular part PoTposterodorsal preoptic nucleus PDPposterodorsal tegmental nucleus PDTgposterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus (C2) PLCoposterolateral fissure plfposteromedial cortical amygdaloid nucleus (C3) PMCoposteromedian thalamic nucleus PoMnpostsubiculum Postpre-Bötzinger complex PrB\232precommissural fornix pcfprecommissural nucleus PrCpreculminate fissure pcufpredorsal bundle pdprelimbic cortex PrLpremammillary nucleus, dorsal part PMDpremammillary nucleus, ventral part PMVprepositus nucleus Prprepyramidal fissure ppfprerubral field PRpresubiculum PrSprimary auditory cortex Au1primary fissure prfprimary motor cortex M1primary somatosensory cortex S1primary somatosensory cortex, barrel field S1BFprimary somatosensory cortex, dysgranular region S1DZprimary somatosensory cortex, forelimb region S1FLprimary somatosensory cortex, hindlimb region S1HLprimary somatosensory cortex, jaw region S1Jprimary somatosensory cortex, jaw region, oral surface S1JOprimary somatosensory cortex, trunk region S1Trprimary somatosensory cortex, upper lip region S1ULpprimary visual cortex, binocular area V1Bprimary visual cortex, monocular area V1Mprincipal mammillary tract pmprincipal sensory trigeminal nucleus Pr5principal sensory trigeminal nucleus, dorsomedial part Pr5DMprincipal sensory trigeminal nucleus, ventrolateral part Pr5VLProbst's bundle prbprosubiculum ProSpyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus Pypyramidal decussation pyxpyramidal fissure pfpyramidal tract pyRraphe interpositus nucleus RIPraphe magnus nucleus RMgraphe obscurus nucleus RObraphe pallidus nucleus RParecess of the inferior colliculus ReICred nucleus Rred nucleus, lateral horn RLHred nucleus, magnocellular part RMCred nucleus, parvicellular part RPCreticular thalamic nucleus Rtreticulotegmental nucleus of the pons RtTgreticulotegmental nucleus of the pons, pericentral part RtTgP retroambiguus nucleus RAmbretrochiasmatic area RChretroethmoid nucleus REthretrolemniscal nucleus RLretrorubral field RRFretrorubral nucleus RRretrosplenial agranular cortex RSAretrosplenial granular a cortex RSGaretrosplenial granular b cortex RSGbretrosplenial granular cortex RSGreuniens thalamic nucleus Rerhabdoid nucleus Rbdrhinal fissure rfrhinal incisura rirhomboid thalamic nucleus Rhroot of abducens nerve 6n。