史上最标准的英语语法之表语从句

第十五节表语从句

引导表语从句的词：

●从属连词that、whether、as though、as if（That引导表语从句时，在口语中，

间或可以省略。）

●关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever,

whichever等；

●关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。

1.由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句

that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。

例如：The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。

The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。

The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。

What she couldn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. 我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。

2.由关系代词引导的表语从句

关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。例如：The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。

The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。

That's what he is worrying about.那就是他在担心的事。

That's what we should do.那是我们应该做的。

3.由关系副词引导的表语从句

关系副词when, where, how, why 除在句子起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间，地点，方式或原因状语，本身具有词义。

例如：Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。

I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through. 我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。

That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害

大量粮食的。

That is what he is worried about.那就是他所担心的。

由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。

It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。

That's because we never thought of it.这是因为我们从未想过此事。

It seems as if he didn’t know the answer.好像他不知道答案。

表语从句与虚拟语气的特殊性

表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时，表语从句及同位语从句都须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 动词原形。如：

1. We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.

我们接受了他的建议：我们应该请求老师的帮助。

2. He told us his idea that he should go to university.

他告诉了我们他的想法：他想上大学。

3. His suggestion is that we should do our work more carefully.

他的建议就是我们的工作要更细心些。

4. Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown.

他们的计划就是在家乡建一座新工厂。