商务英语被动语态翻译
自学考试商务英语本科 第9单元 被动语态的翻译
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常用句型：
It has been viewed that 有人指出…… It is asserted that 有人主张…… It is noted that 人们注意到…… It is sometimes asked that 人们有时会问…… It is understood that 人们知道…… It has been illustrated that 据说明/图示…… It is found that 人们发现/据发现…… It must be admitted that 必须承认…… It will be seen from this that 由此可见……
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3.翻译为当然被动句
在现代汉语中，有些句式看似主动，实际上 却表示被动的含义，只是没有用“被”字， 这种句子称为“当然被动句”。 Public servants have ranks according to their job categories, and their base salaries are decided accordingly. 公务员均是按照各自职务来享有职级的，其 基本工资也是按照职级来确定的。
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6.补充主语，译为主动句
如果英语原文中并未指出动作的施 动者，汉语译文可以根据上下文， 把意会的行为主体作为主语，将英 语的被动句译为汉语的主动句。增 加的主语多为“人们”、“有人”、 “大家”等。
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例3：
Four major stages in the product life cycle have been identified: introduction, growth, maturity and decline. 已经确认，产品的生命周期可以划分为 四个主要阶段：引进市场阶段、成长阶 段、成熟阶段和衰退阶段。
商务英语语篇中被动语态的运用及其翻译
商务英语语篇中被动语态的运用及其翻译The Use and Translation of the Passive Voicein Business English学院（系）：专业：学生姓名：学号：指导教师（职称）：评阅教师：完成日期：I商务英语语篇中被动语态的运用及其翻译［摘要］被动语态是语言学中较为常见的语法现象。
较汉语而言，英文中使用得更为广泛，尤其是在商务英语这一实用性语体中更是有着举足轻重的地位。
本文共分四章对此课题进行研究，首先对英汉语篇中被动语态做对比分析；接着进一步探究了商务英语中被动语态的分类、功能及运用，商务英语中被动语态的大量使用实现了正式、公正、礼貌、委婉等语用功能,是合作原则与礼貌原则的体现；然后具体介绍了商务英语中被动语态的翻译，由于汉语中较少使用被动语态,因此翻译上应注重功能对等,在措辞上遵循汉语表达的同等语用功能；最后做出总结。
［关键词］商务英语；被动语态；运用；翻译IIThe Use and Translation of the Passive Voicein Business EnglishEnglish MajorAbstract: The passive voice is a common grammatical phenomenon in linguistics. Compared with the Chinese, it is used more widely in English, and it also has a pivotal position in the practical Business English language. This paper is divided into four chapters to discuss this subject. At first，we do comparative analysis of the passive voice in Chinese and English; And then further explore the classification, function and use of passive voice in English. The extensive use of passive voice has achieved formal, impartial, courteous, tactful and other pragmatic functions, which also shows the principle of cooperation and courtesy; then it specifically introduces the translation of passive voice in English. Because the passive voice is less used in Chinese, we should focus on the functional equivalence of translation that is, trying to make the Chinese wording have the same pragmatic function; At last we have a summary.Key words: Business English; passive voice; use; translation strategiesIIIContentsIntroduction (V)Chapter 1 The Comparison of Passive V oice in English and Chinese (2)1.1 The forms of passive voice (2)1.1.1 The form of passive voice in English (2)1.1.2 The form of passive voice in Chinese (2)1.2 The features of passive voice (3)1.2.1 Format (3)1.2.2 The relationship of subject and object (5)1.2.3 The mobility (5)1.3 The factors of using passive voice (5)Chapter 2 Passive V oice in Business English (6)2.1 Classification (6)2.2 Pragmatic function (6)Chapter 3 The Translation Strategies of the Passive Voice in B usiness English (9)3.1 Using passive forms (10)3.2 Using active forms (10)Conclusion (12)References (14)Acknowledgements (XIX)IVIntroductionInternational business activities are increasing in today‟s economic globalization. The English used in the introduction of technology, foreign trade, investment, foreign contracting and labor service contracts, international finance, foreign insurance, overseas investment and other fields are all called Business English. Business communication is the bridge for people to explain views and achieve cooperation, which is inseparable from the speech activities. English as a universal language in the world plays an important role in business verbal communication. Business English is a branch of the English language system, which serves for the specific international business activities. It is based on English vocabulary, basic grammar and sentence structure, but it has a unique language phenomenon and content. From the stylistic features of Business English, we can easily find there are lots of passive sentences, which are not commonly used in Chinese, so we have encountered problems in the translation. It is necessary for us to have a comparison of the differences between English and Chinese. Exploring the use of passive voice in business English discourse and its translation is good for a translator to grasp the original style, make a rational wording and protect the speakers‟interests as well as manifest their courtesy and cooperation.VChapter 1 The Comparison of Passive V oice in English and Chinese1.1 The forms of passive voicePassive voice is a common grammatical phenomenon in English which is opposed to the active voice. It composed of different tense of “to be” followed by a verb‟s past participle form and the subject is the bearer of the action. Passive voice can avoid giving others the subjective feeling, so that the text is more objective and formal and the tone will be more tactful. “English passive voice has a variety of forms, and there are strict rules for the structure and syntax. While in Chinese only one word or phrase in the passive form can show the passive voice.”(何自然，1988:42) [1]1.1.1 The form of passive voice in EnglishA. The passive voiceThe passive voice is the most common form to manifest the English passive meaning, in general, it is composed of “be + past participle”or “get / become + past participle”.The passive voice composed of “g et / become + past participle” generally refers to the result of the action rather than the action itself.It often expresses the meaning that something is finally done, something takes place suddenly or someone has a chance encounter. It can also show the “gra dation” of the state, emphasis on action process. For example:[e.g. 1] History is made by the people.The more I hear, the more I get / become troubled.B. The active form expressing the passive meaningThere are some verbs with active form in English which actually are expression of passive meaning. For example,[e.g. 2] The man is drowning = The man is being drowned.1.1.2 The form of passive voice in ChineseUnlike English passive sentence，the Chinese passive sentence doesn‟t change the form. The difference between passive sentence and active sentence lies in the “mark words of the form”. If you don‟t take the semantic level into account, there is no different sign between the form of passive sentences and the general structure of the active sentences. Therefore, the Chinese passive sentence can be also divided into two categories: passive sentence with theVInegative mark and the active form expressing passive meaning. This presentation will help us to compare it in English and Chinese. Chinese passive sentence is verb-predicate sentence and its adverbial is preposition phrase composed of “被”. The subject is the bearer of the verb, and the object is the executer. For example, “敌人被我们消灭了。
商务英语翻译8.2 被动语态的翻译
5. 译成汉语判断句
有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作，而着重对 事物的状态、过程和性质等加以描述，其作用与系 表结构类似。因此，翻译这种英语被动句，经常采 用“是……的”判断句式。
1. Our price has already been closely calculated. 我方价格是经过精密核算的。
6. 常用被动句型的习惯译法
在英语常用被动句型“It+被动语态+that”中，it 是形式主语，that引导出的是主语从句。 汉语译文习惯上采用主动语态，有时还需要增译 出泛指性的主语，有时也可译成无主句并酌情加 上“根据”或“据”。
6. 常用被动句型的习惯译法
1. It must be pointed out that only if quality is improved can more outlets for export be found and expects be increased. 必须指出的是，质量好了，才能打开出口渠道并扩 大出口。 2. It is generally agreed that organizations that with effective manages will likely be successful, whereas organizations with poor managers will likely fail. 人们普遍认为，拥有高效胜任的管理人员，公司成 功的可能性更大，而管理人员能力低下的公司则大 多会失败。
4.增加主语
有些英语被动句并未在句中出现表示行为主体的 词或词组，在翻译这类句子时，可适当增添一些 不确定的主语，如，“人们”、“有人”、“大 家”、“我们”等。
商务英语翻译8.2 被动语态的翻译
3. It may be said without fear of exaggeration that the newly-devised microcomputer can act as a guide to a blind person. 可以毫不夸张地说这种新设计的微型计算 机能够充任盲人的向导。
翻译练习
一、把下列句子译成汉语。 1. One of our principles is to see to it that contracts are honored and commercial integrity maintained. 2. We hope that this dispute can be settled through friendly negotiation without its being submitted for arbitration. 3. If the wrong goods were not delivered, we might have used this lot of goods to complete several orders. 4. Marketing is seen as the task of finding and stimulating buyers for the firm’s output. 5. The shipping quality and weight shall be regarded as final and binding upon both parties.
1. Efforts should be made to promote the economic development. 应努力促进经济发展。 2. Two days are given to her for repairing this car. 给了她两天时间来修这辆车。 3. She ate less and less in the evening so that her weight may be decreased. 她晚上吃的越来越少，为的是减肥。
英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译
英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译被动语态在英语商务信函和合同中被广泛使用，并且具有特殊的语用意义。
在商务场景中，使用被动语态可以强调动作的对象，降低个人责任的表达，增强客观性，并在其中一种程度上保护利益方。
下面是被动语态在商务信函和合同中的常见用法和其翻译。
一、表示礼貌和客套被动语态在商务信函中常用于表示礼貌和客套。
使用被动语态可以采取一种客观、不主动的态度，以显示对收信人的尊重和关注。
1.感谢信原句：We are grateful for your support.翻译：我们感谢您的支持。
2.邀请信原句：You are cordially invited to attend...翻译：我们诚挚邀请您参加...3.道歉信原句：We sincerely apologize for the inconvenience caused.翻译：为给您带来的不便我们深感歉意。
二、强调动作的对象被动语态可以突出动作的承受者，对于一些商务信函和合同的撰写非常有用。
通过使用被动语态，可以使读者更加关注负责人或责任的分担。
1.报告信原句：The plan has been approved by the board of directors.翻译：该计划已得到董事会的批准。
2.雇佣信原句：You have been hired for the position.翻译：您已被聘为该职位。
3.补偿协议翻译：公司将支付这些费用。
三、降低个人责任被动语态还可用于商务合同中，以降低个人责任的表达，减少争议和风险。
1.合同条款原句：Payments must be made within 30 days.翻译：付款必须在30天内完成。
2.不可抗力条款原句：The party shall not be liable for any delay or failure caused by force majeure.翻译：一方因不可抗力造成的任何延迟或失误不应承担责任。
商务英语翻译4被动语态,从句,长难句
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1.英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句
将英语的被动句译成汉语的主动句主要有四
种方法：
1.1. 原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语，但 不表示被动意义。
▪ Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought.
语言由人的思想形成，并影响人的思想。
▪ Levi’s jeans were first introduced to(引进到）
the East, apparently, during the dude-ranch craze（农场度假热潮） in the 1930s.
李维的牛仔裤最初引进到东部显然是在20世纪
第九章 被动语态的翻译 Chapter Nine Passive Voice in
English- Chinese Translation
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英语的一个显著特点是广泛使用被动 语态，在科技文章中尤为如此。
以下面一段英语文章为例，在14个谓语动词
中，13个使用的是被动语态。
As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence
oil, a “drilling rig（钻塔）” is assembled（装配）. The
most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick
（油井的铁架塔）”. It is used to lift sections of
pipe,
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The song was composed by a worker.
商务英语翻译第四讲
例1：目前公司已辟国内航线60多条，国际航线10 多条，形成了以春城为中心的航空网络。
The enterprise has now opened up about 60 domestic airlines, 10 international lines, constructing a network radiated to all directions from Kun Ming- the Sping City.
例5 将来，公司必须更加注重树立员工对公司的忠
诚，但要做到这点并非易事，因为多数人都宁愿丰 富自己的履历表而转到其他公司，也不愿继续在现 有岗位上承受过度的紧张压力。
译文：In future, companies will have to concentrate more on establishing employee loyalty, which will be hard won, with many people preferring to improve their CVs and move on to another company rather than get stressed out in their current job.
例3： 水晶宫饭店地处天津市中心。这里的客房装 饰优美、品位高雅，堪称顶级豪华饭店。
译文：Ideally situated in the very heart of the city of Tianjin, with nice furnishing and elegant style, the Crystal Hotel is well-
第十讲-被动语态及商务英语翻译(修改)讲述
C-E: 汉语被动句译成英语被动句
海外华侨现在不再被人轻视了。 Overseas Chinese are no longer looked down upon.
他被选为学生会主席。 He was elected Chairman of the Students’ Union.
一次被蛇咬，十年怕草绳。 He who is bitten once by a snake, for ten years will be afraid of a grass rope.
A senior United Nations team has arrived in the Afghan capital to secure safety guarantees for UN staff from the ruling Taliban. This follows attacks against the UN’s offices in Kabul during several days of the demonstrations. The protests were triggered by UN sanctions against Afghanistan after the Taliban refused to hand over exiled Saudi millionaire Osama Bin Laden, who is accused by the United States of being a terrorist. The sanctions are expected to hurt the Afghan people rather than make the Taliban suffer.
Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital. 他妻子写给他的大多数信件是由医院里 的护士念给他听的。 He was released immediately after the trial. 审判结束后，他马上获释。
(9)商务英语被动语态翻译
• 二、 商务英语被动句式的翻译
• 被动句在翻译成汉语时，往往要处理成符合汉语 习惯的主动句，但少数仍旧保持被动语态，一般 的翻译方法有三种： • ①译成汉语的主动式； • ②译成汉语的被动式； • ③译成汉语的特殊结构。
• 1.译成汉语的主动式
• （1）保留原文的主语：将原文的主语仍旧译成汉 语的主语。
Байду номын сангаас
• 他们对另一个航班正在装运的所有行李进行了 安全检查，发现没有一个乘客的名字能和那个 行李箱对上。
• Ex.
• Trade relationship has been established between China and most other countries in the world. • 中国与世界上大多数国家建立了贸易关系。
Marketing is seen as the task of finding and stimulating buyers for the firm’s output.
• 人们认为营销就是为某个公司的产品寻找买 主，并鼓励购买。
Public relations (PR) is a term that is widely misunderstood and misused to describe anything from selling to hosting, when in fact it is a very specific communication process. • 人们普遍对公共关系这个词存在误解，错误地用它 来描述从销售到招待客人等无所不包的各种活动， 而实际上，它是一个非常专门的交流过程。
• • • • • • • • • • • It is said that 据说 It is hoped that 希望 It is reported that 据报道 It is supposed that 根据推测说 It must be admitted that 必须承认 It must be pointed out that 必须指出 It will be seen that 由此可以看出 It is well known that 大家知道 It is generally considered that 大家认为 It is believed that 人们相信 It is asserted that 有人主张
合同范本之商务英文合同中被动语态的功能分析及其翻译
商务英文合同中被动语态的功能分析及其翻译摘要：商务英文合同作为一种独特的文本形式，在国际贸易交往中能够确定交易各方权利、责任和利益的具有法律效力的文本形式。
因此要求其文本语言必须严谨、客观、公正，而被动语态在商务合同中的运用恰好能够体现商务合同的文本语言特点，传递主动语态无法表达的信息。
本文通过分析商务英文合同中被动语态的构成及语用功能的分析，为商务英语合同文本的翻译提供新思路。
关键词：商务英文；合同；被动语态【doi】10.19312/ki.61-1499/c.2016.04.098世界经济日趋一体化的进程使得全球经济活动更加频繁，现代经济活动对跨文化交际的国际商务合同的需求也越来越迫切。
商务合同作为商务活动中正式的文本，确定合同各方的权利、责任和义务，敦促合同各方严格按照合同进行交易，具有一定的法律效力，也对合同各方具有较强的约束作用。
商务交往中有关经济体在进行商务合作时，为了确定各自的权利和义务，在公证部门的监督下，共同签订的、正式的、必须共同遵守的协议条文。
合同的形式多种多样，而商务合同的书面形式有利于合同当事人发生纠纷时进行举证，也是当事人进行解释和推定的依据。
因此，在跨文化商务活动中，商务合同的重要性不言而喻。
而合同能否在不同文化、不同的语言环境中能否准确有效地翻译，决定着合同中各当事人的权利与义务的划分，影响到合同的履行、变更、终止及违约、仲裁等一连串的问题。
从专业化角度出发，被动语态属于英语当中比较常见的语态，其具有使用范围相对较广以及数量相对较多的特点，与汉语中的被动语态是无法比拟的，尤其在科技文体、商务文体、法律文体中应用非常广。
因商务合同主要是一种规定各方权利以及义务的专业性文书，在文字叙述方面要求客观公正以及措辞严谨，所以英文商务合同当中往往会广泛应用被动句，从而更好地体现合同在文体方面所具有的严谨性。
具体来说，英文商务合同在被动句应用上，主要包括包装条款、运输条款、保险条款、付款方式条款以及检验条款等。
商务英语翻译(第四讲)
6.语序重组 例1. 以上是我们关于合资事宜的一些见解，提出来 与ILEC董事会商讨，请诸位认真考虑，并希望能尽 快得到答复，不胜感激。 The above opinion reflects our view on the prospective joint venture, which are to be submitted to the Board of Directors of ILEC for further discussion. I greatly appreciate your opinions and look forward to receiving a prompt response.
例5 将来，公司必须更加注重树立员工对公司的忠 诚，但要做到这点并非易事，因为多数人都宁愿丰 富自己的履历表而转到其他公司，也不愿继续在现 有岗位上承受过度的紧张压力。 译文：In future, companies will have to concentrate more on establishing employee loyalty, which will be hard won, with many people preferring to improve their CVs and move on to another company rather than get stressed out in their current job.
请将下列句子按照词汇准确含义翻译成英文。 1. 大家对他的工作态度都很有意见。 两国领导人就双边贸易问题交换了意见。 2. 他由于这项发现而获得各种荣誉。 低息长期贷款可以扶持小型企业。 3. 面试以后，他并不比较他们的经验，而是比较他们 的统计数字。 4. 农民们都盼着今年有个大丰收。 争取运动成绩和精神文明双丰收。 5. 董事会勉强接收了我的提议。 二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。
商务英语翻译-被动语态 答案
句式练习4：全心全译被动语态1. In the present war allegedly for human rights, damages are made by computers, not by the weapon in a warrior’s hand.据说，在如今的战争中人权,损失是由电脑,而不是战士手中的武器控制的。
2. This extended cooperation must be intended not to limit but to enhance mobility of ideas and freedom of the scientists within the system.这种广泛的合作形式必须有助于而不是限制该系统内科学家进行思想交流和自由流动。
3. Most cars in the earliest days of the auto industry were what were called “assembled cars”.大多数汽车在汽车行业的早期被称为“组装汽车”。
4. The Mode T became the first car in which the vast majority of parts were built by either a single auto manufacturer, or by a supplier that was partially owned by our company.“T”型车成为有史以来第一种类型的汽车，其绝大部分零件都是由独家汽车制造商制造或由我们公司部分拥有的独家供应商提供的。
5. They are going to build an apartment house here next year. It is going to be built beside the Office Building.他们明年在这里要修建一座住宅楼，就修在办公楼旁边。