商务英语翻译8.2 被动语态的翻译[精]
自学考试商务英语本科 第9单元 被动语态的翻译
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常用句型：
It has been viewed that 有人指出…… It is asserted that 有人主张…… It is noted that 人们注意到…… It is sometimes asked that 人们有时会问…… It is understood that 人们知道…… It has been illustrated that 据说明/图示…… It is found that 人们发现/据发现…… It must be admitted that 必须承认…… It will be seen from this that 由此可见……
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3.翻译为当然被动句
在现代汉语中，有些句式看似主动，实际上 却表示被动的含义，只是没有用“被”字， 这种句子称为“当然被动句”。 Public servants have ranks according to their job categories, and their base salaries are decided accordingly. 公务员均是按照各自职务来享有职级的，其 基本工资也是按照职级来确定的。
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6.补充主语，译为主动句
如果英语原文中并未指出动作的施 动者，汉语译文可以根据上下文， 把意会的行为主体作为主语，将英 语的被动句译为汉语的主动句。增 加的主语多为“人们”、“有人”、 “大家”等。
本文摘自学培网
本文摘自学培网
例3：
Four major stages in the product life cycle have been identified: introduction, growth, maturity and decline. 已经确认，产品的生命周期可以划分为 四个主要阶段：引进市场阶段、成长阶 段、成熟阶段和衰退阶段。
商务英语语篇中被动语态的运用及其翻译
商务英语语篇中被动语态的运用及其翻译The Use and Translation of the Passive Voicein Business English学院（系）：专业：学生姓名：学号：指导教师（职称）：评阅教师：完成日期：I商务英语语篇中被动语态的运用及其翻译［摘要］被动语态是语言学中较为常见的语法现象。
较汉语而言，英文中使用得更为广泛，尤其是在商务英语这一实用性语体中更是有着举足轻重的地位。
本文共分四章对此课题进行研究，首先对英汉语篇中被动语态做对比分析；接着进一步探究了商务英语中被动语态的分类、功能及运用，商务英语中被动语态的大量使用实现了正式、公正、礼貌、委婉等语用功能,是合作原则与礼貌原则的体现；然后具体介绍了商务英语中被动语态的翻译，由于汉语中较少使用被动语态,因此翻译上应注重功能对等,在措辞上遵循汉语表达的同等语用功能；最后做出总结。
［关键词］商务英语；被动语态；运用；翻译IIThe Use and Translation of the Passive Voicein Business EnglishEnglish MajorAbstract: The passive voice is a common grammatical phenomenon in linguistics. Compared with the Chinese, it is used more widely in English, and it also has a pivotal position in the practical Business English language. This paper is divided into four chapters to discuss this subject. At first，we do comparative analysis of the passive voice in Chinese and English; And then further explore the classification, function and use of passive voice in English. The extensive use of passive voice has achieved formal, impartial, courteous, tactful and other pragmatic functions, which also shows the principle of cooperation and courtesy; then it specifically introduces the translation of passive voice in English. Because the passive voice is less used in Chinese, we should focus on the functional equivalence of translation that is, trying to make the Chinese wording have the same pragmatic function; At last we have a summary.Key words: Business English; passive voice; use; translation strategiesIIIContentsIntroduction (V)Chapter 1 The Comparison of Passive V oice in English and Chinese (2)1.1 The forms of passive voice (2)1.1.1 The form of passive voice in English (2)1.1.2 The form of passive voice in Chinese (2)1.2 The features of passive voice (3)1.2.1 Format (3)1.2.2 The relationship of subject and object (5)1.2.3 The mobility (5)1.3 The factors of using passive voice (5)Chapter 2 Passive V oice in Business English (6)2.1 Classification (6)2.2 Pragmatic function (6)Chapter 3 The Translation Strategies of the Passive Voice in B usiness English (9)3.1 Using passive forms (10)3.2 Using active forms (10)Conclusion (12)References (14)Acknowledgements (XIX)IVIntroductionInternational business activities are increasing in today‟s economic globalization. The English used in the introduction of technology, foreign trade, investment, foreign contracting and labor service contracts, international finance, foreign insurance, overseas investment and other fields are all called Business English. Business communication is the bridge for people to explain views and achieve cooperation, which is inseparable from the speech activities. English as a universal language in the world plays an important role in business verbal communication. Business English is a branch of the English language system, which serves for the specific international business activities. It is based on English vocabulary, basic grammar and sentence structure, but it has a unique language phenomenon and content. From the stylistic features of Business English, we can easily find there are lots of passive sentences, which are not commonly used in Chinese, so we have encountered problems in the translation. It is necessary for us to have a comparison of the differences between English and Chinese. Exploring the use of passive voice in business English discourse and its translation is good for a translator to grasp the original style, make a rational wording and protect the speakers‟interests as well as manifest their courtesy and cooperation.VChapter 1 The Comparison of Passive V oice in English and Chinese1.1 The forms of passive voicePassive voice is a common grammatical phenomenon in English which is opposed to the active voice. It composed of different tense of “to be” followed by a verb‟s past participle form and the subject is the bearer of the action. Passive voice can avoid giving others the subjective feeling, so that the text is more objective and formal and the tone will be more tactful. “English passive voice has a variety of forms, and there are strict rules for the structure and syntax. While in Chinese only one word or phrase in the passive form can show the passive voice.”(何自然，1988:42) [1]1.1.1 The form of passive voice in EnglishA. The passive voiceThe passive voice is the most common form to manifest the English passive meaning, in general, it is composed of “be + past participle”or “get / become + past participle”.The passive voice composed of “g et / become + past participle” generally refers to the result of the action rather than the action itself.It often expresses the meaning that something is finally done, something takes place suddenly or someone has a chance encounter. It can also show the “gra dation” of the state, emphasis on action process. For example:[e.g. 1] History is made by the people.The more I hear, the more I get / become troubled.B. The active form expressing the passive meaningThere are some verbs with active form in English which actually are expression of passive meaning. For example,[e.g. 2] The man is drowning = The man is being drowned.1.1.2 The form of passive voice in ChineseUnlike English passive sentence，the Chinese passive sentence doesn‟t change the form. The difference between passive sentence and active sentence lies in the “mark words of the form”. If you don‟t take the semantic level into account, there is no different sign between the form of passive sentences and the general structure of the active sentences. Therefore, the Chinese passive sentence can be also divided into two categories: passive sentence with theVInegative mark and the active form expressing passive meaning. This presentation will help us to compare it in English and Chinese. Chinese passive sentence is verb-predicate sentence and its adverbial is preposition phrase composed of “被”. The subject is the bearer of the verb, and the object is the executer. For example, “敌人被我们消灭了。
被动语态的翻译
被动语态的翻译
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英语中以it 做形式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时，除把it一律省略外，通常有两种处理方法： 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计，美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。 英语中这种it做形式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比 比皆是，汉译时一般均按主动结构译出。即将原文中 的主语从句译在宾语的位置上，而把it做形式主语的主 句译成一个独立语或分句。常见的固定结构如：
4) The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island.
科学家们给猴子白薯，想把它们引到海岛的岸边。
10
被动语态的翻译
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B . 把被动语态译成汉语主动句 1). His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。
17
被动语态的翻译
1.4 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译 A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以 毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见……
被动语态翻译
被动语态翻译被动语态是英语语法中常用的一种语态。
在被动句中，动作的承受者（即主动句中的宾语）成为句子的主语，而动作的执行者（即主动句中的主语）则成为被动句中的介词短语（通常由介词“by”引导）或省略掉。
被动语态常用于强调动作的接收者或者操纵者的不重要性。
下面是一个关于被动语态的例子：主动语态：John wrote the article.翻译：约翰写了这篇文章。
被动语态：The article was written by John.翻译：这篇文章是约翰写的。
被动语态在以下情况下常常被使用：1. 当动作的执行者不明确或不重要时。
例如：The car was repaired.（这辆车已经修好了。
）2. 当我们想强调动作的承受者或结果时。
例如：The book was written by a famous author.（这本书是由一位著名作家写的。
）3. 当我们想避免重复使用主动句中的主语时。
例如：The tickets were sold out quickly.（这些票很快就卖光了。
）4. 在科学或者学术写作中，常使用被动语态来描述实验或研究结果。
例如：The data was collected and analyzed.（数据已被收集和分析。
）被动语态的构成：被动语态的构成方式为：be动词（am, is, are, was, were, been, being） + 过去分词（V-ed）。
例如：主动语态：She opens the door.被动语态：The door is opened by her.被动语态也可以用于不同时态和不同人称，只需要根据上述构成方式进行相应的变化。
例如：主动语态：They will finish the project.被动语态：The project will be finished by them.被动语态的使用需要根据上下文和语境来决定，不适合所有情况。
商务翻译被动语态讲解 PPT
人们相信,越来越多得中国人将离开城市搬到郊区去住。
It is hoped that you will be back after you plete your Ph、 D、 in the USA、
被动句式(1):译成汉语得主动式 ① 保留原文中得主语
On their domestic stations, the trade issues were dismissed briefly、 在他们国内电台得广播中,贸易问题只是轻描淡
写地报导了一下。
The president was offered some support from his board of directors、 总经理得到了董事会得一些支持。
众口相传,有关合并得消息不胫而走。 Visitors are requested to e by appointment、 来访者请提前预约。 On such a basis has the question of restructuring the pany been raised、
公司重组得问题就是在这样得基础上提出来得。
their lives in that tedious but unavoidable process known as waiting、 据估计,美国人一生中在乏味却又无法躲避得等待上所花得 时间竟达五年之多。
被动句式(1):译成汉语得主动式 ⑧ 以it为形式主语得被动句得翻译
有些以it为形式主语得英语被动式句子,在翻译成汉语得 时候常要改变成主动形式。译文有时不用加主语,有时则需 要加入一些不确定得主语,比如:“大家、有人、人们、我们” 等,或者将其处理成独立句。例如:
第五讲 商务英语翻译的被动语态的翻译
3. “予以/加以”等结构 （41）Problem of overstaffing should be resolved in good time. (42) Trade deficit can be controlled if proper measurements are taken.
4. “用/拿/靠……”等结构 (43) In our day, fish are caught in the sea and brought to us by rail and lorry. (44) Boats are moved by oars or by wind, and ships by paddle-wheels or screws.
7. 译成带表语的主动句 （“受事者—是—施事者—动词的”）
（25）The decision of acquisition and merger is not taken lightly by the management. (26) Negotiating an end to the trade war was first formally raised at the ministerial conference on June 22, 1995.
Ⅰ. Lead-in 导入
Translate the following sentences (1) We are kept strong and healthy by clean air. (2) Where can you be reached? (3) When will I be interviewed? (4) 人不可貌相，海水不可斗量
(See TB P98 for reference)
被动语态的翻译技巧
被动语态的翻译技巧
被动语态是一种句子结构，在中文翻译中，可以使用以下技巧来表达被动语态：
1. 改变主谓结构：将主语变为宾语，将宾语（或部分宾语）变为主语。
例如，将英语句子"John was given a present by Mary."翻译成中文时，可以改为"玛丽给了约翰一份礼物。
"，将"John"变为宾语，将"Mary"变为主语。
3. 调整语序：在中文翻译中，可以根据需要来调整句子的语序，以表达被动意义。
例如，将英语句子"The letter was sent yesterday."翻译成中文时，可以调整语序为"昨天这封信被寄出了。
"，使得被动含义更明显。
4. 使用"被动"结构的句型：在中文中，有一些特定的句型可以表达被动意义，如"被+动词+主语+宾语"的结构。
例如，将英语句子"The window was broken by the wind."翻译成中文时，可以使用"被+动词+主语+宾语"的结构，翻译为"窗户被风给吹坏了。
"。
以上是一些常用的被动语态的中文翻译技巧，具体的翻译方法还需要根据语境和句子结构进行灵活运用。
英语商务信函中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译
英语商务信函中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译篇一：英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译龙源期刊网.cn英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译作者：杨阳来源：《学周刊·上旬刊》2015年第02期摘要：被动语态被广泛地运用在英语商务信函和英语合同中，比起主动语态，被动语态使语气显得更加委婉、含蓄以及客观许多。
在汉语中，被动语态一般使用的比较少。
所以一般在翻译英语的商务信函与合同的过程中，主动语态通常都被翻译为被动语态，再进行适当的语言修饰，从而保证翻译之后的文章流畅通顺。
关键词：英语商务信函被动语态作为商务英语中比较常见的一种语法现象，有助于体现合作的礼貌与原则。
而商务英语中，被动语态的使用和汉语的被动语态的用法有着一定程度上的不同。
本文主要就针对商务英语中被动语态使用较多的商务信函与合同进行分析，从而更好地理解被动语态在商务英语中的应用与翻译状况。
一、对被动语态的认识被动语态作为动词的一种形式存在，主要是指主语是谓语动作的承受者。
若是要讲述一个客观事实就需要借助被动语态。
被动语态强调的是动作的承受者，而不是动作的发出者。
被动语态通常都是由by引导出来的，但是也有由介词by引导出来的短语，如“by bike”（骑自行车）“by bus”（坐公共汽车）等。
并且还有一些真被动、假主动的十几个常用词的用法都需要我们注意，如“so heavy to carry”表示的就是被动语态，但却不是用的“so heavy to be carried”。
针对被动语态使用的不同情况，我们一定要做到全面掌握每一种被动语态，这对于学习英语及商务信函和合同的翻译都是十分重要的。
二、英语商务信函和合同中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译（一）英语商务信函中被动语态的语用意义及其翻译被动语态作为一种重要的语言手段与工具被广泛运用在商务英语中。
与主动语态相比，被动语态不强调动作的发出者，这样在语气上就会显得委婉许多，也不会让动作的承受者感受到一种发出者将某种意思强加的强硬感觉。
商务英语翻译第四讲
例1：目前公司已辟国内航线60多条，国际航线10 多条，形成了以春城为中心的航空网络。
The enterprise has now opened up about 60 domestic airlines, 10 international lines, constructing a network radiated to all directions from Kun Ming- the Sping City.
例5 将来，公司必须更加注重树立员工对公司的忠
诚，但要做到这点并非易事，因为多数人都宁愿丰 富自己的履历表而转到其他公司，也不愿继续在现 有岗位上承受过度的紧张压力。
译文：In future, companies will have to concentrate more on establishing employee loyalty, which will be hard won, with many people preferring to improve their CVs and move on to another company rather than get stressed out in their current job.
例3： 水晶宫饭店地处天津市中心。这里的客房装 饰优美、品位高雅，堪称顶级豪华饭店。
译文：Ideally situated in the very heart of the city of Tianjin, with nice furnishing and elegant style, the Crystal Hotel is well-
第十讲-被动语态及商务英语翻译(修改)讲述
C-E: 汉语被动句译成英语被动句
海外华侨现在不再被人轻视了。 Overseas Chinese are no longer looked down upon.
他被选为学生会主席。 He was elected Chairman of the Students’ Union.
一次被蛇咬，十年怕草绳。 He who is bitten once by a snake, for ten years will be afraid of a grass rope.
A senior United Nations team has arrived in the Afghan capital to secure safety guarantees for UN staff from the ruling Taliban. This follows attacks against the UN’s offices in Kabul during several days of the demonstrations. The protests were triggered by UN sanctions against Afghanistan after the Taliban refused to hand over exiled Saudi millionaire Osama Bin Laden, who is accused by the United States of being a terrorist. The sanctions are expected to hurt the Afghan people rather than make the Taliban suffer.
Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital. 他妻子写给他的大多数信件是由医院里 的护士念给他听的。 He was released immediately after the trial. 审判结束后，他马上获释。
商务英语翻译8.2 被动语态的翻译[精]
![商务英语翻译8.2 被动语态的翻译[精]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a1e43f8a5ef7ba0d4a733bd8.png)
2. Two days are given to her for repairing this car. 给了她两天时间来修这辆车。 3. She ate less and less in the evening so that her weight may be decreased. 她晚上吃的越来越少，为的是减肥。
5. The shipping quality and weight shall be regarded as final and binding upon both parties.
翻译练习
二、把下列句子译成英语。
1. 货币可用来交换商品或服务。 2.我们希望我们之间能做成许多生意。 3. 我们向您保证，此订单我们会慎重处理。 4. 客户给他写的信，大多数是由秘书念给他听。 5.贵方的销量在最近几个月中大幅度下降，我们对
1. Our price has already been closely calculated. 我方价格是经过精密核算的。
5. 译成汉语判断句
2. The plan for the next five years is made by the managers.
常用被动句型的习惯译法
在英语常用被动句型“It+被动语态+that”中，it是 形式主语，that引导出的是主语从句。 汉语译文习惯上采用主动语态，有时还需要增译 出泛指性的主语，有时也可译成无主句并酌情加 上“根据”或“据”。
6. 常用被动句型的习惯译法
1. It must be pointed out that only if quality is improved can more outlets for export be found and expects be increased. 必须指出的是，质量好了，才能打开出口渠道并扩 大出口。
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2. Two days are given to her for repairing this car. 给了她两天时间来修这辆车。 3. She ate less and less in the evening so that her weight may be decreased. 她晚上吃的越来越少，为的是减肥。
2. It is generally agreed that organizations that with effective manages will likely be successful, whereas organizations with poor managers will likely fail. 人们普遍认为，拥有高效胜任的管理人员，公司成 功的可能性更大，而管理人员能力低下的公司则大 多会失败。
第八章被动语态的翻译动语态的翻译汉语和英语的一个重要区别是汉语被动语态的使 用频率远远低于英语。因此，在英汉翻译中如何 处理被动语态显得极为重要。有些英语被动句着 重被动的动作，翻译时为了突出被动意义，可以 译成汉语表示被动的“被”字结构或相似结构， 如，“受、遭、叫、让、给、由、把、得到、受 到、加以、得以、为……所、由……来”等。
3. It may be said without fear of exaggeration that the newly-devised microcomputer can act as a guide to a blind person.
可以毫不夸张地说这种新设计的微型计算 机能够充任盲人的向导。
3. The financial information provided by an accounting system is needed by managerial decision market to help them plan and control the activities of the economic entity. 会计系统提供的金融信息对于帮助管理层决策人 员制订计划和控制该经济实体的活动而言是不可 或缺的。
被动语态的翻译
为了符合汉语的表达习惯，在英汉被动语态的翻 译中经常需要灵活处理的技巧：英语被动句译成 汉语无主语的主动句，或保留英语的主语，译成 汉语主动句，或把英语中的主语译为汉语的宾语， 或在汉语中增加主语，把英语被动句译成主动句， 或把英语中的被动句译成汉语的判断句。
1. 译成无主语的主动句
6. 常用被动句型的习惯译法
在英语常用被动句型“It+被动语态+that”中，it是 形式主语，that引导出的是主语从句。 汉语译文习惯上采用主动语态，有时还需要增译 出泛指性的主语，有时也可译成无主句并酌情加 上“根据”或“据”。
6. 常用被动句型的习惯译法
1. It must be pointed out that only if quality is improved can more outlets for export be found and expects be increased. 必须指出的是，质量好了，才能打开出口渠道并扩 大出口。
3. 把原文中的主语译为宾语
2. This contract was made by and between the buyer and the seller in Hangzhou last summer.
去年夏天买卖双方于杭州签订了本合同。 3. She was rejected as she violated the rules of
the company. 公司开除了她，是因为她违反了公司的规定。
4.增加主语
有些英语被动句并未在句中出现表示行为主体的 词或词组，在翻译这类句子时，可适当增添一些 不确定的主语，如，“人们”、“有人”、“大 家”、“我们”等。
4.增加主语
1. He was known as a kind man. 大家都知道他是个善良的人。
6. 常用被动句型的习惯译法
常用的类似结构还有：It is reported that... 据报道；It is well recognized that...人们公认……：It is supposed that... 据推测It cannot be denied that…无可否认 … … ； It is expected(hoped) that…人们希望 … … ； It is understood that…不用说（谁都知道）……；It is well known that …大 家知道（众所周知）……；It is said that…据说……；It is estimated (predicted, calculated) that…据估计（预计） … … It is learned that…据闻（悉） … … ； It may be confirmed that…可以肯定 … … ； It is generally(usually); accepted (agreed) that…普遍（一般、通常）认为……；It is believed that …有人（人们、大家）相信……；It will be seen from this that …由此可见……；It must (should) be admitted that…必须（应该）承认 … … ； It is rumored that…据谣传……。
1. Our price has already been closely calculated. 我方价格是经过精密核算的。
5. 译成汉语判断句
2. The plan for the next five years is made by the managers.
下一个五年的计划是经理们制定的。
2. 保留原主语, 译成主动句
1.The first partial goods will be shipped on the first available steamer at the beginning of June. 第一批货物将于6月初装在第一艘订到的船上。
2. An agreement was never reached for the simple reason that neither side wants to give in. 协议没有达成的原因很简单，那就是双方都不 让步。
2. Marketing is seen as the task of finding and stimulating buyers for the firm’s output.
人们认为营销就是为某个公司的产品寻找买主 ，并鼓励购买。
5. 译成汉语判断句
有些英语被动句并不突出强调被动动作，而着重对 事物的状态、过程和性质等加以描述，其作用与系 表结构类似。因此，翻译这种英语被动句，经常采 用“是……的”判断句式。