初一名词单复数_所有格

初一上知识点复习

名词的单复数，可数与不可数名词，名词的所有格，冠词

知识点1. 名词的单复数

名词：表示人或事物的名称或抽象概念的词。

可数名词与不可数名词.

单数可数名词前面可加a,an来修饰：a bag一个包

可数名词：可以计数的名词

名词复数可数名词

不可数名词：不可计数的名词没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a, an,也不能直接加数词.

但可以跟某些量词短语搭配,表示数量,如: a glass of water, two cups of tea.

A.可数名词

1. 单数可数名词，表示“一”的概念，指单个的可数物体。要用名词的单数形式，表示名词的单数，要在名词前加冠词a或an。（an多用于以a ,e, i, o,开头的单词）eg：

a book/ tree an apple/ egg

2.复数名词：指两个或以上的可数物体。

名词复数的规则变化。

①在一般情况下，词尾后加-s。books，cups，beds，boys，horses

②. 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词，词尾加-es，读|iz| buses，boxes，dishes碟子，watches

③以f或fe结尾的词，先将f或fe变成v，再加-es，读|vz| half—halves，knife—knives

小刀wife wives

④以辅音字母加o结尾的词，词尾加-es。tomatoes，potatoes

注意：A.如果是元音字母加o结尾的名词只加s：zoos，radios，vedios

B.有特殊的以辅音字母加o结尾的也加s : photo---photos; piano---pianos 钢琴

⑤以辅音字母加y结尾的词，先将y改为i再加-es。cities，families，babies

3 名词复数的不规则变化。man—men，tooth—teeth牙齿，child—children，

sheep—sheep绵羊，deer---deer小鹿

foot----feet脚Chinese –Chinese Japanese –Japanese

4 有些名词只有复数形式clothes，trousers裤子，glasses，socks , shorts , pants , shoes 通常是以复数的形式出现。*另外，当我要表达一双袜子，一条裤子等时，要说成 a pair of socks a pair of shorts

5.一些代词和其他词复数的不规则变化。

①I --- we ②you –you ③he, she, it -- they ④me---us ⑤him/her/it---them ⑥ this --- these

⑦ that – those ⑧ my – our ⑨ her, his, its – their ⑩ am/ is – are a/ an –some

6. 句子单数变复数，注意以下六要素：

⑴主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词，即I→we，you→you，she，he，it→ they。如：

She is a girl. →They are girls.

⑵am，is要变为are。如：I’m a student. →We are students.

⑶不定冠词a，an要去掉。如：He is a boy. →They are boys.

⑷普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：It is an apple. →They are apples.

⑸指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如：This i a a box. →These are boxes.

⑹man，woman名词作定语修饰可数名词时，要在“数”上与被修饰名词保持一致。但其他名词修饰名词表示“性质”时，不作变化。She is a woman doctor. →Theey are women doctors.That is a pencil case. →Those are pencil cases.

B.不可数名词

1. 没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词a, an,也不能直接加数词.但可以跟某些量词短语搭配,表示数量,

如: a glass of water一杯水（不能说a water）a cup of tea.一杯茶 a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of bread一片面包 A bottle of milk一瓶牛奶

2.不可数名词跟量词搭配时，变复数只变量词：two glasses of water many cups of tea twenty pieces of paper

注：可数名词也可以和量词搭配,of后的可数名词要用复数形式：

a box of apples一箱苹果

a pair of shoes一双鞋

当量词的数量超过一时，也变复数：Six boxes of apples8 pairs of shoes

专项练习一一.用所给单词的适当形式填空：

1.It’s not ____ alarm clock. (a)

2. Let ____ play tennis. (I)

3. Where ___ Tom’s parents?(be)

4. Many ________.(sheep)

5. I see your _________. They are fine.(grandparent)

6. Your ____ are my pen _____.(朋友)

7. His _________ are very cute.(女儿)

8. The two _____ are good. (家庭)

9. _____ answers are right.(they) 10. Her sister and his brother aren’t my _______ (表兄妹)

11. I have two_____ (knife) 12. There are many _____ here. (box) 13. There are many _____ on the road. (bus)

14. A few _____ are drawing on the wall. (boy) 15. The _____ are playing football now.

三、选择填空

1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a