初中英语语法复习教案：不定代词

不定代词

不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。 1．不定代词有以下形式：

some, somebody, someone, something, any, anybody, anyone, anything, nobody, nothing, all, both, neither, none, either, each, everybody, everyone, everything, other, another, much ,one

2．不定代词在句子中的作用：

1）作主语例如：

Everyone has come. Let?s begin. 大家都到了，我们开始吧。 Both of his parents are doctors. 他的父母都是医生。

One is the teacher, the others are students. 一人是老师，其

余的是学生。 2）作宾语例如：

This one is too small, please show me another. 这个太小，请

另外拿一个给我看看。 Please introduce me to the others. 请把我

介绍给所有其他的人。 3）作表语例如：

That?s all for today. 今天就到这儿吧。 It?s too much for me. 这件事非我力所能及。 3．常见不定代词的用法讲解

1）some和any

a．some常用于肯定句，any多用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句，

两者都可以代替可数或不可数名词。例如：

Some say yes and some say no. 有的人说是，有的人说不是。 I don?t like any of them. 我对他们一个也不喜欢。 Does any of them know this?

他们当中有谁知道吗？

b．如果在提问时期待对方肯定回答，或鼓励别人说yes时，疑问句中的不定代词要用some，不用any。例如：

Would you like some of the tickets? 你想要些票吗？

c．在强调“任何一个”意思的时候，any也可用于肯定句。例如： You can take any of the newspapers here. 你可以拿这儿任何一份报纸。 2）either和neither

either用于肯定，neither用于否定，二者均限于两个个体的情况。例如：

You can see tall trees on either of the river banks. 在河的两岸你们能看到高大的树。 Neither of them wants to see the film with me. 他们两个谁也不想和我去看电影。 3）one和ones

one可以指某人，人人或某物，也可以用来代替上文中提及的可数名词，以避免用词的重复。当one指人时，其反身代词为oneself，所有格形式是one?s。

例如：

One should follow the laws. 人人应该遵守法律。

The one in red is our monitor. 穿红衣服的那位是我们的班长。 Shanghai has a lot of new buildings, but it also has many old ones. 上海有很多新的建筑物，也有不少老的建筑物。

4）复合不定代词

复合不定代词是some, any, no, every同body，one, thing等词构成的代词。复合不定代词都可看作单数，表示“某人”或“某物”，并在句中作主语、宾语或表语。同some和any在用法上的区别一样，some, someone 和something一般用于肯定句，anybody, anyone和anything一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。

例如：

We want somebody to help us. 我们想要有人来帮助我们。 Have you found anything here? 你们在这儿发现什么了吗？

If anyone comes to visit us, tell him we have gone to the cinema. 如果有人来访，就告诉他我们去电影院了。

表示人的复合不定代词后面都可以加?s构成所有格。例如：

Somebody?s wallet has just been stolen. 有人的钱包刚刚被偷了。

复合不定代词要求后置定语。

例如：

We will have something important to do this afternoon. 今天下午我们有些重要事情要做。疑问代词

疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词，如who, whom, whose, what 和which等。在疑问句中，疑问代词一般都放在句首，并在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。例如：

Who is your maths teacher? 谁是你们的数学老师？ Whose bag is

that? 那是谁的书包？

Who teaches you English? 谁教你们英语？

Whom are you talking about? 你们在谈论谁？相互代词相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，其形式如下表。主格和宾格所有格 each other each other?s one another one another?s 在当代英语中，each other和one another意思上没有区别，它们在句中可以作宾语，其所有格可以作定语。

例如：

Do you often help each other? 你们经常互相帮助吗？

We are interested in one another?s work. 我们对彼此的工作感兴趣。三、随堂监测A组 I. 选择填空：

1．This dictionary is not hers. It?s _______.

A. I

B. me

C. mine

D. my 2. --- Is this ______ magazine? --- No, it isn?t. It?s ________.

A. your, her

B. hers, mine

C. yours, hers

D. your, hers 3. There are two books on the desk. One is a maths book, _______ is an English book. A. others B. other C. the other D. another 4. _______ of the girls plays tennis well.

A. Neither

B. Both

C. All

D. Some 5. Mary speaks very quickly. _______ is difficult to understand what she is saying. A. That B. she C. It D. There 6. The school was built by the villagers _______.