江苏高考英语一轮复习专题二动词和动词短语讲义牛津译林版

专题二动词和动词短语动词的辨析动词包括连系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、持续性动词与非持续性动词，是高考考查的重点，无论是单项填空还是完形填空等题型中，动词辨析的比重都很大，并有逐年增加的趋势。

动词辨析主要指：1.词形相近的动词之间的辨析。

如：lie，lay；rise，raise；sit，seat等。

2.意义相近的动词之间的辨析。

如：borrow，lend；speak，say，talk；hope，wish等。

3.动词与其他词形相近、意义相似的词的辨析。

如：advise，advice；cost，worth；pass，past 等。

4.意义不同但容易混淆的动词的辨析。

如：explain，say；discover，invent；uncover，find等。

5.某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨析。

如：ask，give，call，make，get，keep，want，see，hear等。

6.某些常用动词短语的辨析。

如：give in，give up；turn on，turn off，turn down，turn up等。

题组训练1选词填空A.remind，negotiate，fail，limit，order1.William found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.2.If you don’t like the drink you ordered just leave it and try a different one.3.Mary，I reminded John of his promise to help you.4.Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but they may also limit our thinking.5.The government refuses to negotiate with terrorists.B.open，accumulate，reserve，earn，deny6.Clinical evidence began to accumulate，suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.7.—Are you still mad at her?—Not really，but I can’t deny that her remarks hurt me.8.I’d prefer to reserve my judgment until I find all the evidence.9.You are old enough to earn your own living.10.I opened a bank account after I made $1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.动词短语的核心考点动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配。

需掌握以下要点：1.根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。

(1)动词＋副词(不及物)Tom turned up after the party when everyone had left.(2)动词＋副词(及物)Please turn every light in the house off.注意：①如果宾语较长，就应避免把副词同动词分开。

She turned off all the lights which had been left on.②如果宾语是人称代词，只能放在动词和副词之间。

She gave them away.(3)动词＋介词(及物)You should learn to care about others.注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。

(4)动词＋副词＋介词I look forward to seeing you soon.注意：“动词＋介词”、“动词＋名词＋副词”、“动词＋副词＋介词”，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。

In this way both grain and vegetables can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)2.熟悉同一动词和不同介词或副词、不同动词和同一介词或同一副词搭配在意义上的差异。

(1)同一动词和不同介词搭配时意义上的差异。

①hear from收到……的来信 hear of听说②look after照料look at看look for寻找(2)同一动词和不同副词搭配时意义上的差异。

①ring back回电话ring off挂断电话ring up打电话②put away放好，收起put on穿上；上演put up挂起；举起(3)不同动词和同一介词搭配时意义上的差异。

look for寻找ask for请求wait for等候send for派人去叫(4)不同动词和同一副词搭配时意义上的差异。

①break out发生；爆发 carry out进行；开展go out熄灭hand out分发let out放出look out当心sell out卖完set out出发take out取出work out算出②break down坏了come down落下来get down下车take down取下write down写下题组训练2短语填空A.speed up，work out，put up with，bring down1.I can put up with the house being untidy，but I hate it if it’s not clean.2.We aim to bring down the cost of daily life.3.They are broadening the bridge to speed up the flow of traffic.4.You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t work out as you expect.B.care about，bring up，turn down，put up5.—You look upset. What’s the matter?—I had my proposal turned down again.6.If you care about faults but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.7.He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.8.Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.C.take on，go over，come across，look up9.To get a better grade，you should go over the notes again before the test.10.I often look up the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.11.She came across an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.12.Some insects take on the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.易错易混点1.rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise 是及物动词，是规则动词。

2.hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为“悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为“绞刑”，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。

3.sit与seat：seat为及物动词时作“容纳”讲，sit只是表示一个动作；seat表示“就座”时要用be seated 或用seat oneself。

如：They were seated at their desks.或I seated myself in the armchair.4.win与beat：win作“胜、赢”讲时其后应接a game，an argument，a battle，a prize，a contest，a race，a bet等，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含义。

如：I have won him.即“我已说服他了，我赢得了他的好感。

”而beat是及物动词，意为“击败、胜过”，直接接人、队。

5.lost，gone与missing：作补足语时意为“丢失、不见了”，可以用lost，gone，但要用miss时则不能用missed，而要用missing。

1.Kids shouldn’t have access to violent films because they might the things they see.(2018·江苏，22) A.indicate B.investigateC.imitateD.innovate答案 C解析句意为：孩子们不应该有机会接触暴力电影，因为他们可能会模仿(imitate)他们看到的东西。

imitate模仿，符合语境。

indicate表明，暗示；investigate调查；innovate创新，改革。

2.Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which a clear road map and timetable.(2018·江苏，25)A.calls forB.calls onC.calls offD.calls up答案 A解析句意为：发展长江经济带是一个系统化项目，该项目要求(call for)有清晰的路线图和时间表。