演示文稿物理化学专业术语

4.3 standard solution
standard solution: a solution of known concentration Concentration of solution:
1. mass (weight) percent= (mass of solute / mass of solution) ×100%
Henry’s law: At constant temperature, the partial pressure of a gas over a solution is directly proportional to the solubility of the gas in that solution
be in equilibrium with undissolved solute
4.1 miscibility
Miscibility: the mutual solubility of two substances in the same phase.
Like dissolves like: Substances that are similar in structure, bonding, and especially in intermolecular forces tend to be highly or even infinitely miscible.
（优质）物理化学专业术语 PPT课件
1.changes of state
melting
fusion
Solid
liquid
crystallization
vaporiza源自文库ion
gas
condensation
Solid sublimation gas
deposition
liquefaction
2.Fluidity of a substance
3.1 Crystal
Crystal: a solid that has a shape bounded by plane surfaces intersecting at fixed angles
Space lattice: a system of points representing sites with identical environments in the same orientation in the crystal
Polymorphous: able to crystallize in more than one crystal structure
Isomorphous: have the same crystal structure
4. Solution
Saturated solution: the concentration of dissolved solute is equal to that which would be in equilibrium with undissolved solute under the given conditions.
Multiple unit cell: contain other lattice points in addition to those at the corners
Theoretical density: the mass of the unit cell divided by the volume of the unit cell
Solubility: the concentration of a saturated solution. unsaturated solution: can dissolve more solute. Supersaturated solution: holds more solute than would
Viscosity: The resistance of a substance to flow
Surface tension: the amount of energy required to expand the surface of a liquid by a unit area. Imparts membrane-like behavior to the surface.
Unit cell: the most convenient small part of a space lattice, if repeated in three dimension, will generate the entire lattice.
3.1.1 Unit cell:
Primitive unit cell: a unit cell in which only the corners are occupied
3. Solid
Amorphous solid: a substance in which the atoms, molecules, or ions have a random and nonrepetitive threedimensional arrangement.
Crystalline solid: a substance in which the atoms, molecules, or ions have a characteristic regular, and repetitive three-dimensional arrangement.
Immisicible:
4.2 Ideal solution
Ideal solution of a molecular: the forces between all particle of both solvent and solute are identical.
Ideal solution of an ionic solute: the ions in solution are independent of each other and attracted only to solvent molecules.