阅读理解解题指导

阅读理解解题指导

高考阅读理解要求考生在30～35分钟的时间内完成对四到五篇不同题材、体裁的短文的理解，是整个高考试题中难度最大、区分度最高的题型。它不仅考查考生对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查考生快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力；考生不仅要理解文章的表层意思，更重要的是通过表层意思去合理推断、挖掘文章的隐含意义、延伸意义。因此我们有必要探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。

一、主旨大意题

此类试题主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力。试题包括：1.主题类试题；2.标题类试题。

主题类试题常见的命题方式有：

1. What is the main / general idea of the text / the third paragraph?

2. What is mainly discussed in this text?

3. What is the text mainly about?

标题类试题常见的命题方式有：

What can be the best title for the text?

在选择文章的标题时，大家还应该注意其与主题型试题的区别。主题型试题要求能准确、完整地概括全文即可，而标题概括题在恰如其分地概括文章主旨的基础上，其语言精炼、生动，富有韵味。

在阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。有时候，文章的主题思想需要我们去概括，不妨先略读，找出每段的主题句，然后将主题句综合起来就可以得出文章的主旨要义。在有些情况中，没有明确的主题句，必须根据文中所提供的事实细节进行全面考虑和综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。如：

Honey from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar, it is also delicious. Most people, and many animals, like eating it. However, the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees’ nest and take the honey from it. Often, these nests are high up in trees, and it is difficult to find them. In parts of Africa, though, people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helper — a little bird called a honey guide. (2012课标卷B篇)

63. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Wild Bees

B. Wax and Honey

C. Beekeeping in Africa

D. Honey-Lover’s Helper

解析：文章首先介绍非洲丛林中的蜂蜜既吸引着人，也吸引着动物，然后说明这种蜂蜜的难得，由此引出文章的中心话题，一种鸟可以引导人们去寻找蜂蜜。文章就是围绕这种能够引导人们寻找蜂蜜的鸟展开描述的，因此D项作为文章的标题最佳。

二、细节理解题

1. 直接信息题。对于这种题型，考生能直接从原文找到信息，而且选项和原文在语言表述上也没有大的变化或有时仅仅在表达方式上稍作转化。在解这类题时，大家可以先看后面的题目，然后带着问题去阅读短文，最后采用“对号入座”的办法，把原文信息跟后面的题目对照，即可得到答案。如：

First, you must ask yourself, “Where is the wind coming from? Is it coming from ahead or behind or from the sid e?” You must think about this all the time on the boat. The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail. (2012全国Ⅱ卷B篇)

45. What should you consider first while sailing?

A. Sailors’ strength.

B. Wave levels.

C. Wind directions.

D. Size of sails.

解析：文章介绍进行帆船运动时应该注意的问题，本题从文章第二段可知，我们在进行帆船运动时应该首先弄清楚风向，答案为C。

2. 间接信息题。这类题目我们能够在文章中找到信息，但原文信息又不是做题所直接需要的，需要我们对原文信息进行合理的加工处理，或根据信息作简单推理或鉴别。它是介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间的一种题型。如：

... A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians don’t smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile. (2012全国II卷C篇)

50. The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that a smile can _____.

A. show friendliness to strangers

B. be used to hide true feelings