MBA专业术语汇总

MBA专业术语汇总

A

Ability-to-pay principle 能力纳税原则

The idea that taxes should be levied on a person according to how well that person can shoulder the burden

Absolute advantage 绝对优势

The comparison among producers of a good according to their productivity

Aggregate-demand curve 总需求曲线

A curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that households, firms, and the government want to buy at any price level

Aggregate-supply curve 总供给曲线

A curve that shows the quantity of goods and services that firms choose to produce and sell at any level

Appreciation 升值

An increase in the value of a currency as measured by the amount of foreign currency it can buy

Automatic stabilizers 自动稳定器

Changes in fiscal policy that stimulate aggregate demand when the economy goes into a recession without policymakers having to take any deliberate action

Average fixed cost 平均固定成本

Fixed costs divided by the quantity of output

Average revenue 平均收益

Total revenue divided by the quantity sold

Average tax rate 平均税率

Total taxes paid divided by total income

Average total cost 平均总成本

Total cost divided by the quantity of output

Average variable cost 平均可变成本

Variables costs divided by the quantity of output

Accelerator 加速数

the effect on GDP of the increase in investment that results from an increase in output. For instance, the greater output leads a firm to believe that the demand for its products will rise in the future; the resulting increase in investment leads to growth in output and still further increases in investment, accelerating the expansion of the economy

Acquired endowments 后天禀赋

resources a country builds for itself, like a network of roads or an educated population

Adaptive expectations 适应性预期

expectations based on the extrapolation of events in the recent past into the future

aggregate expenditures schedule 总支出曲线

a curve that traces out the relationship between expenditures--the sum of consumption, investment, government expenditures, and net exports--and the national income, at a fixed price level

antitrust laws 反托拉斯法

laws that discourage monopoly and restrictive practices and encourage greater competition

arbitrage 套利

the process by which assets with comparable risk, liquidity, and tax treatment are priced to yield comparable expected returns

adverse selection 逆向选择

principle that says that those who most want to buy insurance tend to be those most at risk, but charging a high price for insurance (to cover the high risk)will discourage those at less risk from buying insurance at all

asset 资产

any item that is long-lived, purchased for the service it renders over its life and for what one will receive when one sells it

assistance in kind 实物援助

public assistance that provides particular goods and services, like food or medical care, rather than cash

asymmetric information 信息不对称

a situation in which the parties to a transaction have different information, as when the seller or a used car has more information about its quality then the buyer

autonomous consumption 自主消费

that part of consumption that does not depend on income