翻译第二章翻译尺度和过程练习

合集下载

英汉互译翻译和实践技巧1_12单元参考答案解析

Unit11.Every life has its roses and thorns.人生总是有苦有乐, 甘苦参半。

(人生的道路既铺满鲜花, 又充满荆棘.)2.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.我要丽莎去哪里她就得去哪里3.He carried his age astonishingly well.他一点儿都不显老，面容年轻得令人惊讶。

4.She’d never again believe anything in trousers.她再也不愿相信任何男人了.5.He was a dead shot.However,he met his Waterloo this time.他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭到惨败。

/ 他遭遇了滑铁卢。

6.Nixon was pleased by the distinction,but not overwhelmed.尼克松对受到的破格礼遇非常高兴，但并没有受宠若惊。

7.Yet China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.而中国是一片令人惊讶、日新月异的土地。

8.After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground. 、他上一篇小说写砸了, 他的名声从此岌岌可危.9.Mrs.Sawyer looked radiant,too,and for the first time gobbled up her dinner likea little pig.索耶太太也容光焕发，第一次大口大口吃饭，活像一只小猪。

10.He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wipedhis crocodile tears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时有哪个一条大手绢抹去他那鳄鱼的眼泪。

2.Unit_2-翻译的标准和过程.

翻译的标准、过程 Criteria and Process of English Translation
1
Patrick was on the carpet for crashing a company car that he hadn’t even asked permission to use. A. 帕特里克未经允许就使用了公司的车并将车撞坏了，他因此站到了地毯上。 B. 帕特里克未经允许就使用了公司的车并将车撞坏了，他因此受到了训斥。
18
John is now with his parents in New York City; it is already 3 years since he was a bandmaster 约翰现同父母住在纽约；他不担任乐队指挥易经三年了
B. 逻辑关系 Logic relation
Laser, its creation being thought to be one of today's wonders, is nothing more than a light that differs from ordinary lights. 虽然激光器的发明被认为是当代奇迹之一，其实激光只是一种光，只不过与普通光有所不同而已。
28
Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.
[literal trans.]：砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮，也不能使社会问题烟消云散。
11
英国历史学教授泰特勒（A. F. Tytler） 18世纪提出的翻译三原则：

新英汉翻译教程第一二章翻译的过程答案

例2：Eager to trust but determined to verify, many single women in an age of risky romance are hiring private detectives to check the background of their suitors.
小节结束 12
返回章重点退出
课堂互动1 ：翻译句子（参考译文）
1. Nor is the importance of trade likely to diminish for either China or the United States.
【译文】无论是中国还是美国，都不会缩小贸易的重要性。
步是表达。
3 返回章重点退出
优美的译文必须经过下列翻译过程 :
翻译的过程
理解分析总体了解表达转换重现原文审校润色点睛出神小点结束
4 返回章重点退出
2. 1 正确理解
(Comprehension Reading)
5 返回章重点退出
理解的诸多方面如图所示：
篇章段落词句词义的选择固定搭配、成语、短语、惯用词组歧义矛盾修辞逻辑关系夸张重复平行结构 ……
始感到厌倦了。姐姐正在看书，她瞥了一两眼，但是那书上并没有图画或对话。爱丽丝想，一本书中如果没有图画或是对话，那它又有什么用呢？
小节结束 17
返回章重点退出
2. 2 流畅表达
(Fluency in Expressing)
表达就是准确地运用各种翻译技巧，
以规范的汉语体现原文的内容，从而使
所译的东西在内容和形式上成为有机的
【译文】几乎是毫无意识地，我用手指抚摸着我所熟悉的叶片和花朵，这新长的叶子和新开的花朵迎来了南方美好的春天。

unit_2_翻译的过程

5
1. 弄清词义
Ned has a weakness for wine.
尼德不善于喝酒。尼德不善于喝酒。 × 尼德特别喜欢喝酒。尼德特别喜欢喝酒。
√
Weakness：n. 嗜好，癖好：嗜好，
6
确切理解单词意义的方法
翻译过程的理解同一般的阅读理解有区别：区别：英译汉过程中的理解，英译汉过程中的理解，指解读原文以最大程度地获取原文所蕴含的信息量蕴含的信息量。最大程度地获取原文所蕴含的信息量。
13
Last
♦ He is the last man to come. ♦ He is the last man to do it. ♦ He is the last person for the
最后 ♦ 绝不会
♦
♦ 最不配
job.
♦ He should be the last man to
♦ 最不该 ♦ 根本不应该 ♦ 怎么也没料到
18
易错的习语：
♦ lover
“爱人” 爱人” ♦ busboy 公汽售票员” “公汽售票员” mad doctor 发疯的医生” “发疯的医生” eleventh hour 十一点” “十一点” ♦ busybody 大忙人” “大忙人” ♦ dry goods 干货” “干货” ♦ sporting house “体育室” ♦ capital idea “资本主义思想” 资本主义思想” ♦ Indian summer 印度的夏日” “印度的夏日” ♦ Greek gift 希腊礼物” “希腊礼物”
* 有效地扩大词汇量，减少理解中的拦路虎”。有效地扩大词汇量，减少理解中的“拦路虎拦路虎” * 重视熟悉单词的一词多义现象。重视熟悉单词的一词多义现象。

unit 2 翻译的过程及对译者的要求

------ It
[意译] 俗话说家家户户至少有一桩家丑。
20
直译的可取之处：
一方面有助于保存原著的格调，另一方面有助于不断从外国引进一些新鲜、生动的词语、句法结构和表达方法，使我们的语言变得日益丰富、完善、精密。现在中文中常用的“一石双鸟”、“掉鳄鱼眼泪”、“连锁反应”就是分别从英语to kill two birds with one stone;to shed crocodile tears;chain reaction直译过来的。
10
4、理顺逻辑关系
匈牙利的一位翻译家说过：翻译是
逻辑活动，翻译作品是逻辑活动的产物。当用语法手段无法来理解句子，尤其是一些歧异结构的句子的意义时，就必须借助逻辑手段。通过理顺话语的逻辑关系，可以更好理解话语的真正内涵和意义。
11
He bought a picture of the house which
7
理解英语习语时，还有一点值得
注意。英语中有些习语表面上看来同汉语中的某些说法十分相似，但意义却在不同程度上存在着差异。因此，翻译时要高度警惕这类“假朋友”（false friends)，切忌望文生义、不求甚解造成误译。
8
to gild the lily
锦上添花 to call the names 点名
Unit 2
翻译过程及对译者的要求
1
一、翻译过程
* 翻译过程是正确理解原文和创造性地用另一种语言再现原文的过程。
* 翻译过程是一个解码和重编码的过程。
2
* 理解阶段 * 表达阶段 * 校核阶段
3
I. 理解阶段
1. 弄清词义 2. 确切理解习语 3. 分析语法结构和句子结构 4. 理顺逻辑关系 5. 了解背景知识

新英汉翻译教程第二章课堂互动及综合练习答案

新英汉翻译教程第二章课堂互动及综合练习答案课堂互动一1.无论是中国还是美国，都不会缩小贸易的重要性。

2.几乎是毫无意识地，我用手指抚摸着我所熟悉的叶片和花朵，这新长的叶子和新开的花朵迎来了南方美好的春天。

3.人生的幸福只需要三条：有所爱，有所为，有所盼。

4.听完这话，她笑了，双唇合成一条曲线，露出一副悔恨的样子。

但两眼仍熠熠发光，脉脉含情。

这种情感她不敢认同。

5.爱丽丝无所事事，跟姐姐一起闲坐岸边，开始感到厌倦了。

姐姐正在看书。

她瞥了一两眼，但是那书上并没有图画或对话。

爱丽丝想，一本书中如果没有图画或是对话，那它又有什么用呢。

课堂互动二1.他在各方面都优于他人。

2.这么莽撞无礼，没完没了。

真让我生气。

3.中国幅员辽阔、人口众多。

4.耐心是一切的关键，小鸡是从蛋里孵出来的，不是把蛋壳敲破取出来的。

5.读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深沉，伦理使人庄重，逻辑和修辞使人善辩，能够争论。

课堂互动三1.男人在25岁前的十年中身体最棒、肌肉最结实、对感冒和传染病的抵御力最强、身体摄取营养的效率最高。

2.唱完歌，观众不给她鼓掌。

3.每次来纽约，他都要痛饮一番。

4比赛因雨暂停举行。

5.如有火情，请拨打火警电话119.课堂互动四1.人人都知道讲一口流利的英语有多重要。

在学校，我们学习和练习的主要内容之一是读写英语，殊不知在日常生活中我们与人交流思想时发现说比写的机会要多得多。

2.幻想常把我们带入虚无之乡，而缺乏想象只会使我们驻足不前。

3.世界上只有三种人；实干者，旁观者，打探者。

4.谈话的艺术不仅是善于分别场合、说话得当。

而且要在忍不住的场合强忍下不得当的话。

5.仁慈的心肠是花园，高尚的情操是根基，友好的话语是花朵，慷慨的行为是硕果。

课堂互动五1.上学可不是一件轻松的事，而且大部分也有什么趣味。

不过要是你的造化好，也许会碰上个真正的好老师。

我最大的幸运，就是一生中有过三位这样的好老师。

2.可是，克隆动物究竟是怎么回事？克隆动物来自基因与供体动物相同的一个胚胎，该胚胎由另一个母体代孕至足月。

英汉翻译 Chapter 2 The Criteria of Translation

Each language has its own genius（特点）.
To communicate effectively one must respect the genius of each language.
To preserve the content of the message the form must be changed.
Resemblance in spirit rather than form
以效果而论,翻译应该像临画一样, 所求不在形似,而在神似.以实际工作而论,比临画更难.
Among average respectable woman envy plays an extraordinary large part. If you are sitting in the underground and a welldressed woman happens to walk along the car, watch the eyes of the other women. You will see that every one of them, with the possible exception of those who are even better dressed, will watch the woman with malevolent glances, and will be struggling to draw inferences as derogatory to her.
To face powder and not to powder the face.

高天滚滚寒流急；大地微微暖气吹。
毛主席《冬云》
In the sky cold waves are swiftly sweeping by;

（新编汉英翻译教程第二版）第二章汉英翻译基础知识

第二章汉英翻译基础‎知识1.探春笑道：“只恐又是你的‎杜撰。

”宝玉笑道：“除《四书》外，杜撰的太多，偏只我是杜撰‎不成?”“You're making‎that up, I'm afraid‎,” teased‎Tan Chun. “Most works, apart from the FOUR BOOKS, are made up; am I the only one who made things‎up?” he retort‎e d with a grin.2.贾母笑道：“你不认得他，他是我们这里‎有名的一个泼‎皮破落户儿，南省俗谓作‘辣子’，你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。

”“You don't know her, ”said Grandm‎o ther Jia merril‎y. “She's a holy terror‎this one. What we used to call in Nankin‎g a ‘pepper‎c orn’. You just call her ‘Pepper‎c orn Feng’. She'll know who you mean!” (David Hawkes‎译)3.贾母笑道：“外客未见，就脱了衣裳，还不去见你妹‎妹!”With a smile at Pao-yu, the Lady Dowage‎r scolde‎d, “Fancy changi‎n g your clothe‎s before‎greeti‎n g our visito‎r. Hurry up now and pay your respec‎t s to your cousin‎.”4.贾母笑道：“可又是胡说，你又何曾见过‎他?”“You're talkin‎g nonsen‎s e again,”said his grandm‎o ther,laughi‎n g. “How could you possib‎l y have met her?”5.他是只狡猾的‎老狐狸。

翻译资格考试 CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题(二)(附参考译文)

CATTI 二级笔译实务全真模拟题（二）（附参考译文）Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points) Translate the following two passages into Chinese.Passage 1Successful Olympic Games start with a vision focused on how the Games could advance local and regional development goals. Developing the right vision requires creative thinking consensus building and big ideas. Reliable information can help transform those ideas into action that delivers desired outcomes. This document is intended to contribute to that process.The information presented here has been compiled from previous Olympic Winter Games to help cities make informed decisions about the costs and benefits of hosting future Games. It offers data on key cost and revenue drivers at the two most recent Olympic Games (Vancouver2010, Sochi 2014) and the forthcoming Games in PyeongChang 2018, as well as information on the number of venues and other factors that offer insights on Games requirements.The data can be used to complement feasibility studies and to support the development of realistic Games operations budgets. However, it is important to bear in mind the local context in considering past experiences in other cities. There is no one-size-fits-all template for the Olympic Games. Cities should view the Games through their own unique context and develop plans that address local and regional needs. The international Olympic Committee (IOC) offers assistance at every stage to assist the organization of Games that benefit local communities.This document provides a snapshot of three very different cities that delivered Games that reflected their starting points and their goals.Vancouver started its Olympic Games planning with several existing venues and a well-established ski resort in nearby Whistler. Sochi pursued a vision to transform a summer resort city into a year-round tourist destination with new world-class winter sports facilities. PyeongChang, now in the final stages of preparation, is also creatinga new winter sport destination in its own unique context.Other important factors that all cities should consider in the local context include labour and construction costs; the availability of winter sports expertise; and the vibrancy of the domestic commercial sports market.Changes in society and within the Olympic Movement will also have an impact on cost and revenue for future Games.By most any measure, the Olympic Winter Games are more popular than ever, reaching record global audiences via traditional television, digital platforms and social media. Exciting new events are helping to attract new audiences and new commercial partners.The expansion of the sports programme-from 86 events in Vancouver, to 96 events in Sochi and the possibility of more events in the future-not only increases the appeal of the Games, it also increases the number of competition venues.At the same time, sports organizations, including Organizing Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOG), have responded to societal expectation for more accountability, more transparency, more social responsibility and more sustainability.【参考译文】英译汉:第一篇奥运会的成功,始于通过奥运会推进地方和区域发展目标的愿景。

第二章翻译的过程TheProcessofTranslation

第二章翻译的过程The Process of Translation1.理解：1语义方面：1.1.1根据在句中的词类来选择.1)Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.相同的电荷相斥,不同的电荷相吸.2)Like knows like.3)I like translation more than writing.4)In the sunbeam passing through the windows there are fine grains of dust shining like gold. 在射入窗内的阳光里,细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪闪发亮.1.1.2. 根据上下文1)He was the last man to come, but he wasn’t late for the meeting..他是最后来的2)He is the last man to do it. 他决不会干那件事情的3)This is the last place where I expected to meet you.我怎么也没想到会在这个地方见到你.Take off:1)To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her, but it had been an agony for years.脱鞋或穿鞋对她一样痛苦,但这已是多年以来的痛苦了.2)He always sits on the very edge of his chair when he is working, as though about to take off.他工作的时候,总是坐在椅子边上,好象随时都会站起身来的样子.1.1.3 根据搭配来选择：light music轻音乐，light loss小损失，light car轻型汽车，light heart不专一的心，light step轻快的脚步，light manners轻浮的举止，light voice 轻声delicate skin娇嫩的皮肤/delicate upbringing娇生惯养/delicate living奢侈的生活/ delicate vase容易碰碎的花瓶/delicate diplomatic question微妙的外交问题/delicate difference/讲不大清楚的差别delicate ear for music对音乐有鉴赏力/ delicate touch/妙笔生花delicate features清秀的五官/delicate food美味的食物1.1.4 词语引申意1.1.4.1 具体形象引伸为该形象的代表属性1)There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of that smuggler毒枭的性格既残暴又狡猾1.1.4.2 抽象变具体1)there had been too much violence in that region那个地区发生了许多暴力事件2)The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green .停下了,错过了绿灯.3)Jewish-owned shops were shut down. Swastikas replaced six-pointed stars. The walls of anti-Semitism were closing in.犹太人的铺子关闭了.字旗取代了六角星旗.反犹太主义的包围圈一天紧似一天.1.1.5 complimentary or derogative terms1)Your country is a consistent and resolute champion of all the peoples who struggle against terrorism.。

翻译第二章：翻译标准和过程练习

翻译第二章：翻译标准和过程练习第二章练习(翻译的标准和过程)Exercise 1: Translate the following sentences1. I read his letter with both surprise and excitement, surprise because he is still alive, excitement because he didn’t even forget me.2. I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age.3. The president stands there, hat in hand, begging the Congress for their votes.4. After a sleepless night, during which Joe smoked a whole pack of cigarettes, his eyes were blood-shot, and his breath smelled of tobacco.5. 我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。

6. 加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。

Exercises 2 Improve the following translation1.I will teach him to deceive others.我要教他去欺骗别人。

2. This thesis leaves much to be desired.这篇文章有很多地方让人喜欢。

3. A measure of calm gave signs of returning after the flood subsided.洪水退了以后，恢复了平静的标志。

4. “It’s a gloomy thing, however, to talk about one’s own past, with the day breaking. Turn me in some other direction before I go.”“不过，在天亮时谈个人的往事，真扫兴。

英汉互译第二篇第二章-增词

• I knew it quite well as I know it now. • 我当时就跟现在一样清楚。
• 例5 We can learn what we did not know. • 我们能学会我们我们原来不懂的东西。
• 1) I had never thought I’d be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was. • 以前我从未想过．．． 2) Christmas was coming. I wanted a pony. • ．．．快到了，．．． • 3) Conditions are changing all the time. • ．．．不断地变化着．．．
• 2 增加原文省略而译文不能省略的词（语法角度） • 英汉两种语言有一个重大差别，那就是英语尽量避免重复，如果一句话里或相连几句话里需要重复某个词语，则用代词来代替，或以其他手段来避免重复。所以英译汉时则要少用代词，多用实词。汉语不怕重复，连续使用某个词语很常见。汉语也使用代词，但不如英语用得多。
• 1. 根据汉语的表达习惯，增加原文语义上有而形式上无的成分 • 例1 A bit of knowledge kept me from making a big mistake when an important question was to be decided. • 直译：我的一些知识让我在决定重要问题时没有犯大错误。 • 因为多少有些知识，所以我在决定重要问题时还没有犯大错误。 • 例2 A careful comparison of them will show you the difference. • 直译：仔细的比较会向你显示不同之处。 • 如果你仔细比较一下，就会发现不同之处。

Lesson 2 翻译的标准和过程

人家帮了你那么多忙，你怎么竟这样跟人家讲话呢？（and的使用频率很高，含义也很高，这里的and表示惊讶、不满或气愤。）
（三）理解原文所涉及的事物（11）
原文：John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.
译文一：约翰为人可靠，他一向不吃鱼而且经常玩游戏。
原文：There was a break in the weather last week. 译文：上周天气突然变化。
点评：一词多义，必须根据语境来确定单词的词义。
如何理解语言现象？
语义分析（Semantic Analysis） 1）首先，必须注意词的概念意义（Conceptual Meaning）和关联
hard work.
他是个臭名昭著的吸血鬼。她勤奋工作为自己赢得了声誉。
（一）理解语言现象（语法层面）
原文：A government of and by and for the exploiting class cannot possibly survive.
译文：一个为剥削阶级所占有，由剥削阶级所组成并为剥削阶级服务的政府是不可能存在下去的。
二、泰特勒（Tytler）的三条基本原则标准
（1）A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.
（译文应当完全复写出原作的思想）
（2）The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original.
话方式、文体、风格、语言、文化、社会因素诸方面达到对等。意义和风格上的自然等值体。

英语翻译第二章课后题参考答案

Task 11. delicate skin 娇嫩的皮肤2. delicate porcelain 精致的瓷器3. delicate living 奢侈的生活4. delicate health 虚弱的身体5. delicate stomach 容易吃坏的胃6. delicate vase 易碎的花瓶7. delicate diplomatic question 微妙的外交关系8. delicate difference 细微的差别9. delicate surgical operation 复杂的/难做的外科手术10. delicate sense of smell 灵敏的嗅觉11. delicate touch 生花妙笔12. delicate food 美味的食物Task 21. 申请书letter of application2. 报告书report3. 协议书agreement4. 说明书directions/instruction5. 旅行委托书booking form6. 成交确认书sales confirmation7. 电视机使用说明书TV operation guide8. 白皮书white book/statement, document9. 家书letter (from) home10. 文凭/毕业证书diploma/degree certificateTask 31.他只要听到几句恭维话就会得意忘形。

A little flattery would set him carried away.2.答英语卷越认真越好。

You can never be too careful in answering an English paper.3.公费吃喝是群众反映强烈的不良之风之一。

Sumptuous banquets, financed by state money, have long been a bane on Chinese society.4.要筹集2万5千英磅她完全无力办得到。

英语专业翻译第二章第二节练习答案

第二节英汉句法一、英汉主谓成分（一）主语课堂互动1.不自由毋宁死.2.A microscope is needed to see the red cells./Red cells can be seen only under the microscope. (同样一个汉语句子，由于侧重点或语篇结构不同，其译文中主语的选择就可能有多重处理方法。

)3. Special emphasis must be placed on the gravity of corruption and graft among some high officials in China.（二）谓语课堂互动1. With high-rises along the river banks ornamented with colored lanterns and bright banners, a festive mood is strongly felt. On the river, gaily-decorated dragon-shaped boats await their challenge, displaying their unique charms.原文充满了动词词组，而且像“彩楼林立，彩灯高悬，旌旗飘摇”等等短句都被用来做谓语。

这里的译文对谓语的安排突出重点，简洁明快，符合英语的表达习惯。

二、英语句子结构突显与汉语流水句课堂互动1. 这个县是1945年建立的，藏族牧民约占人口的百分之四十。

2. He married her with an eye to her fortune.三、英语句子形合与汉语句子的意合课堂互动1.他站在窗前，凝视着窗外，好像陷入了沉思。

（×站在窗前并且凝视着窗外，他好像陷入了沉思。

）2.据说，未婚的客人，如果睡觉前把一块结婚蛋糕放在枕头底下，找到伴侣的机会加大。

伴娘如果也这样做的话，就会梦见未来的丈夫。

英语笔译实务3级配套训练第二单元...

英语笔译实务3级配套训练第二单元...英语笔译实务3级配套训练第二单元英译汉（二）Beijing Is No Longer Likea Black-and-White PhotographVocation in China was a new experience. In Beijing in the 1980s, we felt like birds in a cage. At that time foreigners couldn’t travel at will around the country. My few trips outside Beijing were usually “business only”. Few Chinese cities were open to foreigners, and we needed travel permits everywhere we went. Airline flights were few, tickets were hard to get and they cost more for us than for Chinese citizens. Worst of all, our interactions with Chinese people were extremely limited. For example, two men stood at the door of the hotel where we lived, challenging every Chinese who entered. You could say that our China experience was shallow.In my memory, Beijing was like a black-and-white photograph. Few cars were on the streets, only bicycles. Everyone wore dark blue clothing. In the parks, the ground was bare of even a blade of grass. The gray buildings all looked alike. But when I stepped off the plane in Beijing in September 20,2001, the black-and-white photograph exploded into bright color and came to life. Impressive new high-rise buildings lined the streets, which were jammed with buses, trucks, and private cars. People wearing colorful clothing thronged the department stores and bookstores.Coffee houses, fast-food joints, and every kind of restaurant beckoned us to try every kind of food. Small children played happily in verdant parks. Is this Beijing, I wondered, or HongKong? I walked and gawked, like a peasant visiting the city for the first time.Because I had seen the China of 20 years ago, I could compare the old with the new. The changes in material circumstances were enormous, and easy to recognize. But I wanted to understand the deeper changes –in people’s thinking, attitudes, and lifestyles. But how could a foreigner penetrate the surface, to see into the Chinese state of mind? Arriving in Beijing, I couldn’t help but not ice the ads and signs everywhere. So I thought, could I use them to understand today’s China?课文词汇throng 群集beckon 召唤；吸引gawk 呆呆地看penetrate 渗透；看穿；洞察参考译文北京不再是一幅黑白照片在中国度假是一种崭新的经历。

英汉笔译课件Unit2

Unit Two People
陈纳德将军
Lesson 3
Abraham Lincoln
❖ Ⅰ.翻译的过程是什么？ ❖ Ⅱ.文章理解难点提示 ❖ Ⅲ.翻译练习: Early Life of General Claire
Lee Chennault ❖ Ⅳ.练习讲解 ❖ Ⅴ.练习参考译文
Ⅰ. 翻译知识与对策
Step 1: Analysis
❖ 分析原文还要分析在特殊语境中所表达的具体意思。最起码的要能确定多义词在具体语境中的意义。如：
❖ 2. 船行13公里后，便到了运河的第一组水闸。 The boat traveled 13 km and reached the first group of water locks. [ST02]
理解难点提示
❖ 6. 林肯的家人是pioneers in the newly settled West为什么是他没有受过正规教育的原因？
❖ 拓荒者(pioneer)到达一个地方的时候，这个地方很荒凉，没有学校。
❖ 7. secure a book是“保护好一本书”还是“获得一本书”？以什么方式？
Ⅲ. 翻译练习
Early Life of General Claire Lee Chennault
(1893-1958)
❖ Claire Lee Chennault, commander of the Flying Tigers during World War II, was born in Texas in 1893.
❖ 其中architects work a little harder按字面意义(表层)很容易被理解为“建筑师多消耗点体力 ”，但细加分析，便可发现，architects是建筑设计师，他们的 work是一种脑力劳动，因此work a little harder指的是“多花点心思”。又如：

浮流市润浪学校高中英语Module 2 The Renaissance 英译中练习八

涂浴州浮流市润浪学校M2 英译中练习1.t echnical aspects of a painting.2.h ave money to spend on the arts3.h ow to use perspective and effects of light4.c ontrast with the heaviness of the Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages5.i n short/in a word/ in a nutshell/in conclusion6.a n example of what has been described as “Renaissance man”7.h ave a great impact/effect/influence on European civilization 8.point of view 9.feel/be determined to do 10.a completely new approach to perspective 11. a private collection12.be illustrated with a hunting scene13.have sb in one’s power 14. in the wrong position15. the fabric of the human body16.in great detail17.be shaped like horseshoes18.at the end of the 15th century19.in the last 70 days of his life20.appeal to sb to do sth /appeal to sb for sth21. seek(sought/sought) a gang of criminals22.make a tentative attempt to sell Mona Lisa23. get tired of playing computer games24. remain at liberty 25. a number of precise copies of the Mona Lisa painted by gifted students26.as early as in the 7th century27. be made by hand28.be more suitable for printing29.answer a need30.set up his own press31. be inspired to take up writing as a profession 32. What western civilization gained from Gutenberg’s contribution is33.tax sb on sth ------be taxed on34.in the newspaper35.blame sth on sbblame sb for sthbe to blameput /lay the blame for sth on sbtake /bear the blame for sth36. be thirsty for knowledge37.adapt sth from…adapt oneself to doing sth38.find/make/feel/lose/fight/push one’s way39.depend on sb for sthdepend on sb to do sth40 a fair bit -----quite a lot41.contrast… withcompare …with42. on behalf of sb43.get tired of doing sth44. for all time。