实用开关电源分析与设计
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开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
电气规范(Electrical specification) 机械规范(Mechanical specification)
噪音要求(Acoustic requirements)
兼容性(Regulatory compliance) 可靠性和测试计划(Reliability requirement and test plan)
有利于提高效率; 反激电路的可靠性较高,所需器件少、成本低。 缺点: 反激电路属于单端电路,变压器利用率较低,变压器体积大; 反激变换器的效率低; 功率传输是通过变压器存储能量后,再释放到负载侧的,功率等级低; 变压器需要加气隙,以增加功率储存能力,漏磁大,EMI大; QR Flyback需要额外的谷底检测,一般需要选择专用控制器。
2. 连续导电模式PFC电路(CCM)
直流变换电路(DC/DC)
1. 反激变换器(Flyback) 2. 正激变换器(Forward) 3. LLC半桥谐振变换器(LLC HB) 4. 移相全桥变换器(PSFB)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
电气规范(Electrical specification)
启动和上电顺序(Start up and power sequencing) 接地方式(Grounding) 控制信号(Control signals)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
Basic Theory
Vin1 Vin2 Vini-2
Vin0 Vini-1
Iin t i Vin(t ) L L t Ton
Keep Ton at every switching cycle, then Iin(t) will follow with Vin(t). --- TM PFC realized
QR Flyback适合于小功率开关电源,一般功率小于200W
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
QR Flyback 主电路
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
输出(Output repuirements) 1. 电压容差(Voltage tolerance): 2. 电流和功率:
3. 动态负载响应(dynamic): Turn on overshoot: <10% 负载变化(load variation): 10Hz-10KHz, duty:10%-90%
实用开关电源分析与设计
主要内容
1. 开关电源设计规格书和技术指标; 2. 常用的基本拓扑简介及适用的领域和功率等级; 3. 小功率辅助电源和电源适配器设计; 4. 台式机电源及无外壳内置式电源设计; 5. 传统服务器一次电源设计; 6. 原理图设计及PCB布局和布线。
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
采用快恢复二极管时,二极管反向恢复电流大;
功率开关MOS开通的电流大,开通损耗大; 为了减小二极管反向恢复,需选择价格较高的SiC二极管,成本较高;
CCM PFC适合于中大功率开关电源,一般功率大于300W Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
连续导电模式PFC电路(CCM)
控制方式
峰值电流控制
滞环电流控制
平均电流控制 Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
连续模式PFC电路(CCM)
优点: 电感电流连续,电流脉动较小; 开关器件以及电感电流应力较小; 可采用高磁通的粉芯磁环绕制PFC电感,体积小; 有利于输入EMI滤波器的设计。 缺点:
开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
机械规范(Mechanical specification)
1. 2. 3. 冷却(Cooling) 风速(Airflow) 器件温度和风扇控制 热保护 治具和连接(Harness and connector, wires) 外形、尺寸和重量
Mosfet drive singal
Ton Ts0
Toff0 Ton
Toff1
Ton
Toff2 Toffi-1
Ts1 Tsi-1
Operation theories of NCP1605 control PFC --- DCM + CRM
DCM PFC for limiting maximum switching frequency
开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
电气规范(Electrical specification)
保护(Circuit protection) 1. Over Voltage Protection(OVP) The OVP shall be latch mode. There shall be no mis-trigger of the OVP under normal operation. Recycle the AC source is required to reset the PS after OVP.
EMI and CCM PFC Parts
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
EMI and CCM PFC Parts
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
噪音要求(Acoustic requirements) 兼容性(Regulatory compliance)
Safety Certifications EMC Requirements Environmental Regulatory Compliance
容性负载:1000uF-8000uF 4. 输出纹波和噪音(ripple and noise): 120mVpp 5. 闭环稳定性:Phase margin>50°;Gain margin>10dB Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
可靠性和测试计划(Reliability requirement and test plan)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
常用的基本拓扑简介及适用的领域和功率等级
功率因数校正电路(PFC)
1. 临界连续模式PFC电路(TM or CRM)
PFC电感的电流脉动大,铜损较大,并且容易饱和,另外ΔB大,铁损较大,需使 用铁氧体磁芯,磁芯体积大;
TM PFC适合于中小功率开关电源,一般功率小于300W Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
EMI and TM PFC Parts
完整的电路
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
正激变换器(Forward)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
电气规范(Electrical specification)
输入(Input requirement)
1. 输入电压:
2. 输入过流保护:fuse 3. 交流浪涌电流: I2t 4. 漏电流: <3.5mA 5. 电压浪涌和hold up time: 300Vrms for 100ms; >20ms 6. AC line brown out: <80Vrms shut down 7. 效率和能源之星(Energy Star)
功率因数校正电路(PFC)
临界连续模式PFC电路(TM or CRM) 连续导电模式PFC电路(CCM)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
临界连续模式PFC电路(TM or CRM)
Operation Theories _ TM PFC controlled by NCP1605
EMI Filter and Rectifier
NCP1605 Control Circuit
Vbus Discharge Circuit
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
连续导电模式PFC电路(CCM)
电路原理
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
CRM PFC for lower switching loss and diode reverse recovery loss.
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
临界连续模式PFC电路(TM or CRM) 优点:
消除了Boost 二极管的反向恢复,减小反向恢复引起的损耗,并且可以使用快恢 复二极管; 引入适当的延时可以实现功率MOS的近似零电压开通; 可实现MOS的零电流开通; 开关损耗低; 控制较为简单,功率因数高。 缺点: 流过器件的电流应力大,通态损耗增加; 输入、输出电流脉动大,增加输入、输出滤波器负担;
2. Short circuit protection(SCP) 输出短路电阻小于0.1Ω, PS shut down and latch off. 3. Over current protection(OCP) OCP 触发点在30A~38A之间。 4. Over temperature protection(OTP) Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
8. 功率因数:>90% @50%load, >95%@100%load
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
电气规范(Electrical specification)
QR(quasi-resonant) Flyback
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
QR Flyback 优点:
利用寄生参数产生的谐振,可以减小开关的开通损耗; 对减小EMI有利;
电流临界,MOS是零电流开通;
直流变换电路(DC/DC)
反激变换器(Flyback)
正激变换器(Forward) LLC半桥谐振变换器(LLC HB) 移相全桥变换器(PSFB)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
反激变换器(Flyback)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
电气规范(Electrical specification) 机械规范(Mechanical specification)
噪音要求(Acoustic requirements)
兼容性(Regulatory compliance) 可靠性和测试计划(Reliability requirement and test plan)
有利于提高效率; 反激电路的可靠性较高,所需器件少、成本低。 缺点: 反激电路属于单端电路,变压器利用率较低,变压器体积大; 反激变换器的效率低; 功率传输是通过变压器存储能量后,再释放到负载侧的,功率等级低; 变压器需要加气隙,以增加功率储存能力,漏磁大,EMI大; QR Flyback需要额外的谷底检测,一般需要选择专用控制器。
2. 连续导电模式PFC电路(CCM)
直流变换电路(DC/DC)
1. 反激变换器(Flyback) 2. 正激变换器(Forward) 3. LLC半桥谐振变换器(LLC HB) 4. 移相全桥变换器(PSFB)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
电气规范(Electrical specification)
启动和上电顺序(Start up and power sequencing) 接地方式(Grounding) 控制信号(Control signals)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
Basic Theory
Vin1 Vin2 Vini-2
Vin0 Vini-1
Iin t i Vin(t ) L L t Ton
Keep Ton at every switching cycle, then Iin(t) will follow with Vin(t). --- TM PFC realized
QR Flyback适合于小功率开关电源,一般功率小于200W
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
QR Flyback 主电路
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
输出(Output repuirements) 1. 电压容差(Voltage tolerance): 2. 电流和功率:
3. 动态负载响应(dynamic): Turn on overshoot: <10% 负载变化(load variation): 10Hz-10KHz, duty:10%-90%
实用开关电源分析与设计
主要内容
1. 开关电源设计规格书和技术指标; 2. 常用的基本拓扑简介及适用的领域和功率等级; 3. 小功率辅助电源和电源适配器设计; 4. 台式机电源及无外壳内置式电源设计; 5. 传统服务器一次电源设计; 6. 原理图设计及PCB布局和布线。
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
采用快恢复二极管时,二极管反向恢复电流大;
功率开关MOS开通的电流大,开通损耗大; 为了减小二极管反向恢复,需选择价格较高的SiC二极管,成本较高;
CCM PFC适合于中大功率开关电源,一般功率大于300W Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
连续导电模式PFC电路(CCM)
控制方式
峰值电流控制
滞环电流控制
平均电流控制 Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
连续模式PFC电路(CCM)
优点: 电感电流连续,电流脉动较小; 开关器件以及电感电流应力较小; 可采用高磁通的粉芯磁环绕制PFC电感,体积小; 有利于输入EMI滤波器的设计。 缺点:
开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
机械规范(Mechanical specification)
1. 2. 3. 冷却(Cooling) 风速(Airflow) 器件温度和风扇控制 热保护 治具和连接(Harness and connector, wires) 外形、尺寸和重量
Mosfet drive singal
Ton Ts0
Toff0 Ton
Toff1
Ton
Toff2 Toffi-1
Ts1 Tsi-1
Operation theories of NCP1605 control PFC --- DCM + CRM
DCM PFC for limiting maximum switching frequency
开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
电气规范(Electrical specification)
保护(Circuit protection) 1. Over Voltage Protection(OVP) The OVP shall be latch mode. There shall be no mis-trigger of the OVP under normal operation. Recycle the AC source is required to reset the PS after OVP.
EMI and CCM PFC Parts
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
EMI and CCM PFC Parts
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
噪音要求(Acoustic requirements) 兼容性(Regulatory compliance)
Safety Certifications EMC Requirements Environmental Regulatory Compliance
容性负载:1000uF-8000uF 4. 输出纹波和噪音(ripple and noise): 120mVpp 5. 闭环稳定性:Phase margin>50°;Gain margin>10dB Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
可靠性和测试计划(Reliability requirement and test plan)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
常用的基本拓扑简介及适用的领域和功率等级
功率因数校正电路(PFC)
1. 临界连续模式PFC电路(TM or CRM)
PFC电感的电流脉动大,铜损较大,并且容易饱和,另外ΔB大,铁损较大,需使 用铁氧体磁芯,磁芯体积大;
TM PFC适合于中小功率开关电源,一般功率小于300W Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
EMI and TM PFC Parts
完整的电路
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
正激变换器(Forward)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
电气规范(Electrical specification)
输入(Input requirement)
1. 输入电压:
2. 输入过流保护:fuse 3. 交流浪涌电流: I2t 4. 漏电流: <3.5mA 5. 电压浪涌和hold up time: 300Vrms for 100ms; >20ms 6. AC line brown out: <80Vrms shut down 7. 效率和能源之星(Energy Star)
功率因数校正电路(PFC)
临界连续模式PFC电路(TM or CRM) 连续导电模式PFC电路(CCM)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
临界连续模式PFC电路(TM or CRM)
Operation Theories _ TM PFC controlled by NCP1605
EMI Filter and Rectifier
NCP1605 Control Circuit
Vbus Discharge Circuit
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
连续导电模式PFC电路(CCM)
电路原理
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
CRM PFC for lower switching loss and diode reverse recovery loss.
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
临界连续模式PFC电路(TM or CRM) 优点:
消除了Boost 二极管的反向恢复,减小反向恢复引起的损耗,并且可以使用快恢 复二极管; 引入适当的延时可以实现功率MOS的近似零电压开通; 可实现MOS的零电流开通; 开关损耗低; 控制较为简单,功率因数高。 缺点: 流过器件的电流应力大,通态损耗增加; 输入、输出电流脉动大,增加输入、输出滤波器负担;
2. Short circuit protection(SCP) 输出短路电阻小于0.1Ω, PS shut down and latch off. 3. Over current protection(OCP) OCP 触发点在30A~38A之间。 4. Over temperature protection(OTP) Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
8. 功率因数:>90% @50%load, >95%@100%load
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
开关电源设计规格书和技术指标(Specification)
电气规范(Electrical specification)
QR(quasi-resonant) Flyback
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
QR Flyback 优点:
利用寄生参数产生的谐振,可以减小开关的开通损耗; 对减小EMI有利;
电流临界,MOS是零电流开通;
直流变换电路(DC/DC)
反激变换器(Flyback)
正激变换器(Forward) LLC半桥谐振变换器(LLC HB) 移相全桥变换器(PSFB)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University
反激变换器(Flyback)
Institute of Electrical Engineering Yanshan University