2013年四川外语学院翻译硕士考研百科知识题库

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翻译硕士考研百科知识考点101-200题

翻译硕士考研百科知识考点1300题（101-200题）101.下列岛屿属于火山岛的是：大堡礁102.董小宛是哪里人？南京103.内蒙古草原上的芨芨草最高可达：2米104.国鸟是公鸡的国家是：法国105.拿破仑死于哪一年？1821106.生活在里海和黑海里的欧鳇，寿命：高于100年107.仰光是哪国首都？缅甸108.美国发表《独立宣言》是在：1776年109.唐卡是什么文化中一种著名的表现形式？藏族110.抗金名将岳飞被害于：风波亭111.俄国十月革命发生在几月几号？11月7日112.以下哪个国家建有消防博物馆？罗马尼亚113.楚庄王请谁当令尹，从而使国力大增？孙叔敖114.在唐代长安城经常可以见到的“新罗人”是现今我们所说的：朝鲜人115.最古老的石桥在：土耳其116.大陆漂移假说的提出的时间？1912117.卡通人物米老鼠诞生是在哪年？1928118.印度教中的除十节是：公历9月到10月的10天119.人口最多的城市：东京120.铁芒萁的生长反映了环境为：酸性土壤环境121.海洋虽是连在一起的水体，但海同洋间还是有区别的，世界上最大的洋是太平洋，那么最大的海是：珊瑚海122.白求恩生于加拿大哪个州？安大略123.第一人征服北极点的人是那个国家的？美国124.我国大陆基本轮廓形成时期，陆地上出现了大量的：裸子植物125.义和团最基本的组织形势是：坛126.地上、地下文物在我国居于首位的省分别是：山西、陕西127.举世闻名的泰姬陵在：印度128.“枪杆子里出政权”是谁提出的？毛泽东129.卧龙自然保护区位于：湖北130.清朝皇帝退位是在：1912年131.第一人征服北极点的人是那个国家的？美国132.系列矿产地中，矿种伴生现象比较明显的是：金昌133.我国东汉张衡制成地动仪，早于欧洲：1700多年134.不属于唐代三省六部中的“三省”是：直隶省135.世界上最早发行金属邮票的是哪一国家？匈牙利136.古玛雅人流传于世的水晶头骨共有？13137.大月氏王国在5世纪后半叶亡于？厳哒138.我国的邻国共有几个？12139.4世纪后期，统一黄河流域的少数民族政权是前秦140.第二次工业技术革命的标志是微电子技术141.太平天国由盛转衰的事件是领导集团的内部斗争142.人们什么时候发现原子核反应. 1938年143.既是常规能源，又是二次能源的是：焦炭144.火星有几颗卫星：2145.枪杆子里出政权”是谁提出的？毛泽东146.解放后，我能能源增长倍数最多的是：天然气147.国际红十字会首次大会召开于：巴黎148.抗金名将岳飞被害于：风波亭149.俄国十月革命发生在几月几号？11月7日150.以下哪个国家建有消防博物馆？罗马尼亚151.下列洋流的叙述中，正确的是：秘鲁寒流是补偿流152.以下哪一种不是发现在中国境内？巴比伦人153.我国的长绒棉主要产在：新疆154.以下哪一种不是发现在中国境内？巴比伦人155.梁启超和梁思成是什么关系？父子156.美国国务卿相当于我国的外长157.大气层厚度约为？3000公里158.谁是“中山装”的创始人？孙中山159.卧龙先生”是谁? 诸葛亮160.崆峒山在植被尤其珍贵的西部，堪称天然植物园，这里森林覆盖率几乎达到：100%161.五岳中的中岳是嵩山162.我国最大的内陆咸水湖是青海湖163.发动第二次鸦片战争的国家是：美、俄164.小宝的七个老婆之中，年纪最小的是：沐剑屏165.哪一民族把奶制品称为“白食”？蒙古族166.《史记》中的“世家”是给什么人作的传？诸侯王167.中山陵在哪座山上？南京钟山168.我国海洋气温最高值出现在：八月169.太平天国由盛转衰的事件是：领导集团的内部斗争170.内蒙古人所说的“风季”是哪个季节？春季171.西印度群岛位于：大西洋西部172.归辛树属于何门派？华山派173.中国在南极设立的第一个考察站叫什么？长城站174.美国领土居世界第几位？第四位175.北京东岳庙主祀：东岳大帝176.下列国家中，农业现代化侧重生物技术和水利发展，且平均单产量高的是：日本竹筒茶产于我国云南省什么地区？腾冲177.中国名山崆峒山在哪里？甘肃平凉178.一日之中，海潮有两个涨落周期，落差一般在多少米之间：3—5米179.在国际上享有“恐龙墓地”的大型恐龙化石群出土于：内蒙二连180.鸿鹄之志最早出现在哪里? 史记181.“息壤”是谁用来治水的法宝？鲧182.长江流经几个省自治区直辖市：9183.第一个研究色盲，发现色盲遗传规律的是：道尔顿有机宝石184.琥珀属于：有机宝石185.“息壤”是谁用来治水的法宝？鲧186.最深的湖泊是：贝加尔湖187.最长的运河是：中国大运河188.下列关于潜水的说法中，正确的是：有一个自由水面，与大气相接触189.在俄罗斯一共有多少种语言呢？122190.马可•波罗以各种身份服务忽必烈多长时间？17年191.在自流盆地及其边缘地区，可打孔开控形成自流井的区域是：承压区192.不足2千米，世界上面积第二小国家的是：摩纳哥193.有关南亚河流的叙述，正确的是：印度河是巴基斯坦的重要灌溉水源194.原始生物的时代叫作：元古代195.中国最热的地方在哪里？吐鲁番盆地196.中国古代第一个监狱的凌里城位于现在的：安阳197.从攻占巴士底狱到处死路易十六相差几年？4年198.“回眸一笑百媚生”是指哪个美女？杨贵妃199.美国微软公司的总部设在：美国西部200.下列起义取得胜利的是：武昌起义。

2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总

2013翻译硕士MTI各校真题汇总2013翻译硕士各校真题汇总2013考研已经过去，各种尘埃即将落定。

先把各个学校的真题回忆版本汇总给后来人一个复习方向。

也算给考研生活画上一个圆满的句号。

感谢网友的及时回忆，谢谢给位的奉献。

欢迎补充！愿各位取的好成绩！1、2013复旦大学MTI专业课真题回忆版基础英语。

今年的基础英语稍微有些变化，第一题仍然是无选项完型，20个空，第二题是改错，和第一题是属于一篇文章的，二十行二十个错误，第三题是词汇和语法，词汇题比去年增加了不少，第四题是阅读理解四篇一共15个小题，最后一篇稍微有些深度，上来第一句是boresom 其实是讲现代社会摧毁理性和真理的。

然后作文25分就最后一篇阅读理解发表一下自己的看法。

翻译。

背了一堆翻译词汇今年竟然一个词汇翻译都没有，就一个汉译英70分与一个英译汉80分。

英译汉是一篇医学文章，里面什么胆囊啊肠啊的生词一大堆。

汉译英是文言文啊亲，我旦不学好啊，跟着北大学考文言文额。

原文如下：世有三乐，真乐也。

一曰人伦之乐，二曰心地之乐，三曰讲习之乐。

孟子曰：“父母俱存，兄弟无故，一乐也。

”此人伦之乐也；“仰不愧于天，俯不怍于人，二乐也。

”此心地之乐也；“得天下英才而教育之，三乐也。

”此讲习之乐也。

人伦之乐自父母兄弟之外，妻室欲其同甘苦，子孙欲其师教，宗族欲其和睦，女之适人者欲其得所归结，自人伦而推之，有一败人意则非乐也。

心地之乐岂止俯仰无愧怍而已，其道德必与圣贤合、与天地并，可也；道德未同乎圣贤、未同乎天地，不可以已也。

讲习之乐何止于得英才而教育，凡学问德行之有胜乎吾者，吾方且师之，虽受人之教育亦乐矣。

此三者，天下之真乐。

不此之乐，而以外物为乐，乐未一二，而忧已八九。

世俗以为乐，识者不贵也。

百科知识中国四大发明，欧债危机，金砖四国，莫言，生态难民，莎士比亚，君主立宪制，euro tunnel，thedeclaration of independence，DNA，伦敦奥运会，秦始皇陵兵马俑，论语，大中华文库，Encyclopedia Britannica，a nation on wheels，还有一个masps 还是什么的这个不知道，数了数17个还有8个想不起来了，这个是一个2分，一共五十分。

翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识(文学艺术)历年真题试卷汇编

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（文学艺术）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题单项选择题1．下列句子中，没有语病的一句是( )。

A．“严打”取得了显著成果，路霸匪患已经肃清或被大部分剿灭B．他体型虽然细长，但体重却只有不足一百斤C．不难看出，他学习成绩不断下降，其根本原因是学习不够刻苦在作怪D．意思的表达要防止对方产生误解和歧义，这是语言的清晰性在消极方面的要求正确答案：D解析：A项语序不当，“已经肃清”与“被大部分剿灭”应该对调；B项句义重复，应将“只有”去掉；C项语义重复，“在作怪”应去掉。

知识模块：文学艺术2．我国第一部文学理论评论专著是( )。

A．《文心雕龙》B．《汉书》C．《诗品》D．《史记》正确答案：A解析：《文心雕龙》是中国南朝文学理论家刘勰创作的一部理论系统、结构严密、论述细致的汉族文学理论专著。

是中国文学理论批评史上第一部有严密体系，“体大而虑周”的文学理论专著。

知识模块：文学艺术3．儒家思想在后世不断发展，下列主张哪个具有民主启蒙色彩?( )A．民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻B．制天命而用之C．天人感应，君权神授D．为天下之大害者，君而已矣正确答案：D解析：A项“民贵君轻”思想是战国时期孟子的思想；B项“制天命而用之”是战国时期荀子的唯物主义思想；C项“天人感应，君权神授”是西汉董仲舒为神化君权提出的主张；D项“为天下之大害者，君而已矣”是明末清初黄宗羲的反对君主专制的民主启蒙思想。

知识模块：文学艺术4．“孟母三迁”的故事说明了( )因素对人发展的影响。

A．遗传B．环境C．教育D．社会活动正确答案：B解析：孟母三迁，即孟轲的母亲为选择良好的环境教育孩子，多次迁居。

出自《三字经》里说：“昔孟母，择邻处。

”孟子的母亲为了使孩子拥有一个真正好的教育环境，煞费苦心，曾两迁三地。

说明了环境因素对人发展的影响。

知识模块：文学艺术5．《清明上河图》，中国十大传世名画之一，是北宋画家( )的杰作。

(NEW)四川大学外国语学院《448汉语写作与百科知识》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解

2013年四川大学外国语学院448汉语写作与百科知识[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解
百科
一、名词解释
1．文艺复兴
答：文艺复兴是指13世纪末在意大利各城市兴起，以后扩展到西欧各国，于16世纪在欧洲盛行的一场思想文化运动，揭开了近代欧洲历史的序幕，被认为是中古时代和近代的分界。马克思主义史学家认为是封建主义时代和资本主义时代的分界。其本质是正在形成中的资产阶级在复兴希腊罗马古典文化的名义下发起的弘扬资产阶级思想和文化的运动，核心是人文主义精神。文艺复兴强调人的价值，使人的思想从封建神学的束缚中慢慢解放，在传播过程中为早期的资本主义萌芽发展奠定了深厚基础，同时也为早期的资产阶级积累了原始财富。但也因为过分强调人的价值，在传播后期造成个人私欲膨胀和物质享受，有一系列的负面影响。
6.CPI 答：CPI是消费物价指数的英文缩写为CPI，又叫居民消费价格指数。是根据与居民生活有关的产品及劳务价格统计出来的物价变动指标，反应一定时期内居民所消费商品及服务项目的价格水平变动趋势和变动程度，通常作为观察通货膨胀水平的重要指标。通俗的讲，CPI就是市场上的货物价格增长百分比。其计算公式为CPI=（一组固定商品按当期价格计算的价值/一组固定商品按基期价格计算的价值）×100。一般市场经济国家认为CPI增长率在2%~3%属于可接受范围内，当然还要看其他数据。CPI过高始终不是好事，高速经济增长率会拉高CPI，但物价指数增长速度快过人民平均收入的增长速度就一定不是好事，而一般平均工资的增长速度很难超越3-4%。
苏格拉底答：苏格拉底是古希腊著名的思想家、哲学家、教育家，是西方哲学的奠基者，他和柏拉图，以及亚里士多德被并称为“古希腊三贤”。他主张宇宙理性，认为神是世界的主宰，反对研究自然界，提倡人们过有

翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识(科技生活)历年真题试卷汇编

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（科技生活）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题单项选择题1．现代乒乓球运动以( )为一局。

A．21分B．25分C．11分D．20分正确答案：C解析：在一局乒乓球比赛中，先得11分的一方为胜方；10平后，先多得2分的一方为胜方。

知识模块：科技生活2．我国医疗卫生机构分为三级(一、二、三级)二等(甲、乙等)，其中( )最高。

A．一级甲等B．一级乙等C．三级甲等D．三级乙等正确答案：C解析：我国医疗卫生机构分为三级二等，三级甲等为最高等级，属省级以上医院，是承担高等医学院校和科研任务的医疗机构。

知识模块：科技生活3．下列( )不属于西方世界四大通讯社之一。

A．法新社B．美联社C．塔斯社D．路透社正确答案：C解析：当前的世界四大通讯社分别是：美国的美联社、英国的路透社、法国的法新社、美国的合众国际社。

以上的世界四大通讯社的排名依据是：通讯社的规模、发展历史及影响力、订户数量、日发稿量和年发稿量等。

知识模块：科技生活4．索尼公司创始人之一是( )。

A．松下幸之助B．稻盛和夫C．盛田昭夫D．本田宗一郎正确答案：C解析：松下幸之助是“松下电器”的创始人，稻盛和夫创立了盛和塾，本田宗一郎是本田汽车的创始人。

知识模块：科技生活5．英国的传播媒介比较丰富，其中每周评论是英国出版业的重要组成部分，( )是历史最悠久的周刊。

A．《观察家》B．《每周新闻》C．《旁观者》D．《读者文摘》正确答案：C解析：《旁观者》1828年由英国著名文学家、诗人约瑟夫.艾迪生和他的好朋友理查德.斯蒂尔创办，是英国人周刊中历史最悠久的杂志。

知识模块：科技生活6．英国首都伦敦的地铁是世界上最早的地铁，它建成于( )。

A．1863年B．1873年C．1864年D．1874年正确答案：A解析：伦敦地铁是世界上第一条地下铁道。

总长超过400千米。

1856年开始修建，1863年1月10日正式投入运营。

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试四川大学2013年真题.doc

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试四川大学2013年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：30.00)1.Presumably , excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.（分数：2.00）A.TheoreticallyB.PracticallyC.IncrediblyD.Probably2.Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.（分数：2.00）A.softB.sheerC.fragileD.refined3.It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.（分数：2.00）A.apparentlyB.slightlyC.considerablyD.steadily4.Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and versatile.（分数：2.00）A.diligentB.capableC.cleverD.perfect5.What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the fallible procedure.（分数：2.00）A.sublimeB.erroneousC.plausibleD.impeccable6.What he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive statement.（分数：2.00）A.suspectB.surmiseC.suspicionD.surrender7.Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional .（分数：2.00）A.permanentB.temporaryC.corruptD.craven8.Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily .（分数：2.00）A.fearlesslyB.confidentlyC.silentlyD.prudently9.Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible dynamism .（分数：2.00）A.energyB.enduranceC.effortD.endeavor10.Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors.（分数：2.00）A.guidanceB.sovereigntyC.authorityD.suzerainty11.The general opinion is that he is ______ to complain.（分数：1.00）A.so much a milquetoastB.too a milquetoastC.too much of a milquetoastD.so much of a milquetoast12.The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as ______ the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.（分数：1.00）A.doB.doesC.playD.are13.Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was ______ last week.（分数：1.00）A.to be startedB.to have startedC.to have been startingD.start14.Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, ______ its grammatical structure.（分数：1.00）A.the same areB.and so areC.as didD.and so were15.Although money is always useful, it isn"t all ______.（分数：1.00）A.what there is to lifeB.to which there is in lifeC.there is to lifeD.that is in life16.______ ever so humble, there"s no place like home.（分数：1.00）A.It beB.Be itC.It wasD.Was it17.Although women duster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it.（分数：1.00）A.butB.theC.muchD.any18.Professor Jeffrey"s lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show ______ can still be improved.（分数：1.00）A.that the municipal authorities have doneB.how those the municipal authorities have doneC.how what the municipal authorities have doneD.that how the municipal authorities have done19.Most insulation devices of this kind, ______ manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install.（分数：1.00）A.that areB.which isC.those areD.as are20.The detective watched and saw the suspect ______ a hotel at the corner of the street.（分数：1.00）A.getting off the taxi and walking intoB.got off the taxi and walked intoC.get off the taxi and walk intoD.got off the taxi to walk into二、Part Ⅱ Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section 1 Multiple c(总题数：2，分数：20.00)An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes, and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has some beating. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others—the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has "committed perjury", we are not told what he has actually said. "Robbery" and "assault" do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned—in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn "rule" behavior.The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or "enforce" contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the factthat an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is "not under man but under law" have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.（分数：10.00）(1).In the development of a government agency, ______.（分数：2.00）A.the standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgmentB.the function of law is importantC.the study of ordinance is the most importantD.practice is more important than criterion(2).One of the prominent characteristics of a law is ______.（分数：2.00）A.the result on the individual"s behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercisedB.the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agencyC.the result of a behavior on ordinary citizensD.Both A and B(3).What does the example "committed perjury" illustrate?（分数：2.00）A.The law will examine closely what the individual said in courtB.It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on othersC.Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by lawD.Both B and C(4).The other distinguishing trait of the law is ______.（分数：2.00）A.punishment is carried out by the courts at all levelsB.rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government controlC.a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by natureD.any governmental reinforcement(5).How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?（分数：2.00）A.The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectivelyernment agencies have to compromise with factual conditionsC.Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefitws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence"Sloganeering" did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a "host-shout," "war cry," or "gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field." English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The term at the time meant "the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons." Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle ages, and they were utilized primarily as "passwords to insure proper recognition of individuals at night or in the confusion of battle." The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without "the Boston Massacre," "the Boston Tea Party," "the shot heard around the world," and shouts of "no taxation without representation".Slogans operate in society as "social symbols" and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups.Because slogans may operate as "significant symbols" or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized thatthe influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol. Murray Edelman writes that "to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise." Thus, the slogans a group uses to evoke specific responses may provide us with an index for the group"s norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims.Slogans are so pervasive in today"s society that it is easy to underestimate their persuasive power. They have grown in significance because of the medium of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and shorter. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than bases for public interaction and debate. The style of presentation in television is more emotional, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans work well on television.The advertising industry has made a science of sloganeering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an "overcommunicated" society. Advertisers have discovered that it is easier to link product attributes to existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them. Thus, to say that a cookie tastes "homemade" or is as good as "Morn used to make" does not tell us if the cookie is good or bad, hard or soft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mother"s baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wants to associate with an issue, group, product, or event. "Sloganeering" has become institutionalized as a virtual art form, and an advertising agency may spend months testing and creating the right slogan for a product or a person.Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential for social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement or social movement organization. "Gray Power," for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly Americans, and "Huelga" (strike in Spanish) identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field workers in the west and southwest.（分数：10.00）(1)."Sloganeering" stems from a word that was used ______.（分数：2.00）A.in the United StatesB.in the IrelandC.on the European continentD.frequently in revolutionary rhetoric(2).What is the writer"s main purpose?（分数：2.00）A.To explain the history of slogansB.To explain the persuasiveness of slogansC.To explain how slogans have changedD.To explain how slogans are used on television(3).Because slogans are "social symbols" they ______.（分数：2.00）A.can have different meanings in different cultural and economic settingsB.are widely used as status symbolsC.can be used to demonstrate high social standingD.are perceived as difficult to grasp(4).Lasswell"s and Edelman"s studies are important in that they ______.（分数：2.00）A.believe that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reactionB.demonstrate that patterning and consistency is crucial to the use of symbolsanize collective attitudes around a symbolD.demonstrate a culture"s principles are indicated by the slogans which arc used(5).Television ______.（分数：2.00）A.has distorted the purpose of slogansB.has kept consistent the nature of human interactionC.has made political images personal and shorterD.utilizes slogans well四、Section 2 Answering (总题数：2，分数：20.00)THE WISDOM OF SOCRATESI will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders and given me a bad name. Listen then. Some of you will think that I am joking, but I assure you that I will tell you the whole truth. I have gained this bad reputation, Athenians, simply by reason of a certain kind of wisdom. What kind of wisdom? It is by that sort of wisdom which is possible to men. It may be that in having that I am really wise. But the men of whom I was speaking just now must be wise in a wisdom which is greater than human wisdom, or in some way which I cannot describe since I know nothing of it myself; and if any man says that I do know anything of superhuman wisdom, he lies and wants to slander me. (Interruptions.) Do not interrupt me, Athenians, even if you think that I am speaking arrogantly I am. going to say something which is not my own. I will tell you who says it and he deserves to be believed by you. I will bring the god of Delphi to be the witness of the fact of my wisdom and of its nature. You remember Chaerephon. From youth upwards he was my comrade. You remember his character. He was impetuous. Once he went to Delphi and ventured to put this question to the Oracle—(interruptions)—I entreat you again, my friends, not to cry out-he asked if there was any man who was wiser than I, and the priestess answered that them was no man. Chaerephon himself is dead, but his brother here will confirm what I say.Why do I tell you this? I am going to explain to you the origin of my unpopularity. When I heard what the Oracle had said I began to reflect. What could God mean by this dark saying? I knew very well that I was not wise, even in the smallest degree. Then what could he mean by saying that I was the wisest of men? It cannot be that he was speaking falsely for he is a god and cannot lie. For a long time I was at a loss to understand his meaning. After turning it over in my mind for a long time I thought of away of testing the matter. I went to a man who was said to be wise, thinking that there if anywhere I should prove the Oracle wrong, and meaning to point out to the Oracle its mistake. I should be able to say, "You said that I was the wisest of men, but this man is wiser than I am." So I examined the man—I need not tell you his name; he was a politician —but this was the result, Athenians. When I talked with him I found that, though a great many persons, and most of all he himself; thought that he was wise, yet he was not wise. Then I tried to prove to him that he was not wise though he fancied he was, and by so doing I made him, and many of the bystanders, Elders, my enemies. So when I went away I thought to myself, I am wiser than this man. Probably neither of us knows anything that is really good, but he thinks that he has knowledge, when he has not, while I having no knowledge, do not think that I have. I do not think that I know what I do not know, and on this point, at any rate I seem to be a little wiser than he is.Next I went to another man who was said to be even wiser than the last, with exactly the same result. Here again I made him, and many other men, my enemies.I went on to one man after another, making enemies every day. This caused me much unhappiness and anxiety, but I thought that I must set God"s command above everything? So I had to go to every man who seemed to possess any knowledge, and search for the meaning of the Oracle. This was the result of the search which I made at God"s bidding: the men whose reputation for wisdom stood highest were among those most lacking in it, while others, who were looked down on as common people, were much better fitted to learn.Now I must describe to you the wanderings which I undertook to make full proof of the Oracle.After the politicians I went to the poets, thinking that I should and myself clearly more ignorant than they. So I took up the poems on which I thought they had spent most pains, and ask them what they meant, hoping to learn something from them. I am ashamed to tell you the truth, my friends, but I must say it. Almost any of the bystanders could have talked about the works of these poets better than the poets themselves. So I soon found out that it is not by wisdom that the poets create their works, but by a certain natural power and by inspiration, like soothsayers and prophets who say fine things but who understand nothing of what they say. At the same time I saw that, because of their poetry, they thought that they were the wisest of men in other matters too, which they were not. So I went away again, thinking that I had the same advantage over the poets as I had .over the politicians.Finally I went to the skilled workmen, for I knew very well that I possessed no knowledge at all worth speaking of, and I was sure that I should find that they knew many fine things, and in that I was not mistaken. But, Athenians, they made the same mistake as the poets. Each of them believed himself to be extremely wise in matters of the greatest importance because he was skilled in his own art. I asked myself, on behalf of the Oracle, whether I would choose to remain as I was, without either their wisdom or their ignorance, or to possess both, as they did. I made answer to myself and to the Oracle that it was better for me to remain as I was.By reason of this examination, Athenians, I have made enemies of a very bitter and fierce kind, who have spread abroad a great number of slanders about me. People say that I am a "wise man", thinking that I am wise myself in any matter in which I show another man to be ignorant. But, my friends, I believe that only God is really wise, and that by this Oracle he meant that men"s wisdom is worth little or nothing. I do not think he meant that Socrates was wise. He only took me as an example as though he would say to men, "He among you is the wisest who, like Socrates, knows that his wisdom is worth little at all."（分数：12.00）(1).When Socrates says that he is not wise, what does he mean by "being wise" ? When he says that he possesses a certain kind of wisdom, what kind of "wisdom" has he in mind?When he says that only God is really wise, is he thinking of the first sense of "wisdom" or second?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (2).In the second sentence of the second paragraph, Socrates promises to explain to the audience the origin of his unpopularity. What exactly is the explanation which he offers on this point?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ (3).Can you tell from this passage whether Socrates had a sympathetic audience or a hostile one?（分数：4.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ "I"ve been expecting you!" Marek repeated, when he had seated his guest in a comfortable leather chair. Nothing on earth would have induced Bondy to own up to his vision of the fallen inventor. "Just fancy!" he said, with a rather forced gaiety. "What a coincidence! It struck me only this very morning that we hadn"t seen each other for twenty years. Twenty years, Rudy, think of it!" "Hm," said Marek. "And so you want to buy my invention.""Buy it?" said G. H. Bondy hesitatingly. "I really don"t know... I haven"t even given it a thought.I wanted to see you and—""Oh, come, you needn"t pretend," Marek interrupted him. "I knew that you were coming. You"d be sure to, for a thing like this. This kind of invention is just in your line. There"s a lot to be done with it. " He made an eloquent motion with his hand, coughed, and began again more deliberately. "The invention I am going to show you means a bigger revolution in technical methods than Wart"s invention of the steam-engine. To give you its nature briefly, it provides, putting it theoretically, for the complete utilization of atomic energy."Bondy concealed a yawn. "But tell me, what have you been doing all these twenty years?" Marek glanced at him with some surprise."Modem science teaches that all matter—that is to say, its atoms—is composed of a vast number of units of energy. An atom is in reality a collection of electrons, i. e. of the tiniest particles of electricity.""That"s tremendously interesting," Bondy broke in. "I was always weak in physics, you know. But you"re not looking well, Marek. By the way, how did you happen to come by this playth. , this, er... factory?""I? Oh, quite by accident. I invented a new kind of filament for electric bulbs... But that"s nothing; I only came upon it incidentally. You see, for twenty years I"ve been working on the combustion of matter. Tell me yourself, Bondy, what is the greatest problem of modern industry?" "Doing business," said Bond. "And are you married yet?""I"m a widower," answered Marek, leaping up excitedly. "No, business has nothing to do with it, I tell you. It"s combustion. The complete utilization of the heat-energy contained in matter! Just consider that we use hardly one hundred-thousandth of the heat that there is in coal, and that could be extracted from it! Do you realize that?""Yes, coal is terribly dear!" said Mr. Bondy sapiently.Marek sat down and cried disgustedly, "Look here, if you haven"t come here about my Karburator, Bondy, you can go. ""Go ahead, then," Bondy returned, anxious to conciliate him.Marek rested his head in his hands, and after a struggle came out with, "For twenty years I"ve been working on it, and now—now, I"ll sell it to the first man who comes along! My magnificent dream! The greatest invention of all the ages! Seriously, Bondy, I tell you, it"s something really amazing.""No doubt, in the present wretched state of affairs," assented Bondy."No, without any qualification at all, amazing. Do you realize that it means the utilization of atomic energy without any residue whatever?""Aha," said Bondy. "So we"re going to do our heating with atoms. Well, why not? ... You"ve got a nice place here, Rudy. Small and pleasant. How many hands do you employ?" Marek took no notice. "You know," he said thoughtfully, "it"s all the same thing, whatever you call it—the utilization of atomic energy, or the complete combustion of matter, or the disintegration of matter. You can call it what you please.""I"m in favor of "combustion"!" said Mr. Bondy. "It sounds more familiar.""But "disintegration" is more exact—to break up the atoms into electrons, and harness the electrons and make them work. Do you understand that?""Perfectly," Bondy assured him. "The point is to harness them!""Well, imagine, say, that there are two horses at the ends of a rope, pulling with all their might in opposite directions. Do you know what you have then?""Some kind of sport, I suppose," suggested Mr. Bondy."No, a state of repose. The horses pull, but they stay where they are. And if you were to cut the rope—""—The horses would fall over," cried G. H. Bondy, with a flash of inspiration."No, but they would start running; they would become energy released. Now, pay attention. Matter is a team in that very position. Cut the bonds that hold its electrons together, and they will..." "Run loose!""Yes, but we can catch and harness them, don"t you see? Or put it to yourself this way: we burn a piece of coal, say, to produce heat. We do get a little heat from it, but we also get ashes, coal-gas, and soot. So we don"t lose the matter altogether, do we?""No. —Won"t you have a cigar?""No, I won"t. —But the matter which is left still contains a vast quantity of unused atomic energy. If we used up the whole of the atomic energy, we should use up the whole of the atoms. In short, the matter would vanish altogether. ""Aha! Now I understand.""It"s just as though we were to grind corn badly—as if we ground up the thin outer husk and threw the rest away, just as we throw away ashes. When the grinding is perfect, there"s nothing or next to nothing left of the grain, is there? In the same way, when there is perfect combustion, there"s nothing or next to nothing left of the matter we burn. It"s ground up completely. It is used up. It returns to its original nothingness. You know, it takes a tremendous amount of energy to make matter exist at all. Take away its existence, compel it not to be, and you thereby release an enormous supply of power. That"s how it is, Bondy. ""Aha. That"s not bad.""Pflüger, for instance, calculates that one kilogramme of coal contains twenty-three billions of calories. I think that Pflüger exaggerates.""Decidedly.""l have arrived at seven billions myself, theoretically. But even that signifies that one kilogramme of coal, if it underwent complete combustion, would run a good-sized factory for several hundred hours!""The devil it does!" cried Mr. Bondy, springing from his chair."I can"t give you the exact number of hours. I"ve been burning half a kilogramme of coal for six weeks at a pressure of thirty kilogrammetres and, man alive," said the engineer in a whisper, turning pale, "it"s still going on... and on... and on."Bondy was embarrassed; he stroked his smooth round chin. "Listen, Marek," he began, hesitatingly. "You"re surely.., er... a bit.., er... overworked."Marek"s hand thrust the suggestion aside. "Not a bit of it. If you"d only get up physics a bit,I could give you an explanation of my Karburator in which the combustion takes place. It involvesa whole chapter of advanced physics, you know. But you"ll see it downstairs in the cellar. I shovelled half a kilogramme of coal into the machine, then I shut it up and had it officially sealed in the presence of witnesses, so that no one could put any more coal in. Go and have a look at it for yourself—go on—go now! You won"t understand it, anyway, but—go down to the cellar! Go on down, man, I tell you!""Won"t you come with me?" asked Bondy in astonishment."No, you go alone. And... I say, Bondy... don"t stay down there long.""Why not?" asked Bondy, growing a trifle suspicious."Oh, nothing much. Only I have a notion that perhaps it"s not quite healthy down there. Turn on the light, the switch is just by the door. That noise down in the cellar doesn"t come from my machine. It works noiselessly, steadily, and without any smell... The roaring is only a ventilator. Well, now, you go on. I"ll wait here. Then you can tell me..."Bondy went down the cellar steps, quite glad to be away from that madman for a while (quite mad, no doubt whatever about it) and rather worried as to the quickest means of getting out of the place altogether. Why, just look, the cellar had a huge thick reinforced door just like an armourplated safe in a bank. And now let"s have a light. The switch was just by the door. And there in the middle of the arched concrete cellar, clean as a monastery cell, lay a gigantic copper cylinder resting on cement supports. It was closed on all sides except at the top, where there was a grating bedecked with seals. Inside the machine all was darkness and silence. With a smooth and regular motion the cylinder thrust forth a piston which slowly rotated a heavy fly-wheel. That was all. Only the ventilator in the cellar window kept up a ceaseless rattle.Perhaps it was the draught from the ventilator or something—but Mr. Bondy felt a peculiar breeze upon his brow, and an eerie sensation as though his hair were standing on end; and then it seemed。

翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识(文学艺术)历年真题试卷汇编3

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（文学艺术）历年真题试卷汇编3(总分：70.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数：18，分数：36.00)1.“少妇今春意，良人昨夜情”属于汉语特殊表现手段的哪一种?( )（分数：2.00）A.对偶√B.叠景C.联边D.重言解析：解析：这是明显的对偶手法，“少妇”对“良人”，“今春意”对“昨夜情”，对仗工整。

2.在中国现代文坛上，以诗歌为主的作家是( )。

（分数：2.00）A.郭沫若B.艾青√C.郁达夫D.朱自清解析：解析：艾青，中国现代诗人，被认为是中国现代诗的代表诗人之一。

著有诗集《北方》《大堰河》《向太阳》《黎明的通知》《欢呼集》《春天》等，是以诗歌为主的作家。

A项，郭沫若，著名文学家、剧作家、诗人、历史学家、学者，中国新诗奠基人。

其著作不仅有诗集，还有大量历史剧本和文化专著，另外还著有回忆录和评论集；C项，郁达夫，中国现代著名小说家、散文家、诗人，代表作《沉沦》《故都的秋》《春风沉醉的晚上》《过去》《迟桂花》等，是以小说为主的作家；D项，朱自清，现代著名散文家、诗人、学者、民主战士，主要作品有《踪迹》《背影》《春》《欧游杂记》《你我》《匆匆》《桨声灯影里的秦淮河》等，是以散文为主的作家。

3.“中国旧式士子出而问世必须具备的四个条件：一团和气，两句歪诗，三斤黄酒，四季衣裳。

”出自哪一位现代作家的作品?( )（分数：2.00）A.周作人B.老舍C.钱钟书D.梁实秋√解析：解析：题中句子出自梁实秋的散文《衣裳》。

梁实秋是中国著名的散文家、学者、文学批评家、翻译家。

代表作品有《雅舍小品》《英国文学史》《莎士比亚全集》等。

《衣裳》是梁实秋的著名散文之一，文章主要写了衣裳的重要性和西装、中装的各自的特点，作者从小处着眼，纵横生发，描写生动、情韵悠长。

4.《史记》是中国第一部纪传体的通史，共130卷。

全书包括( )五大部分。

（分数：2.00）A.西周、表、书、世家和列传B.本纪、表、书、世家和列传√C.本纪、表、春秋、世家和列传D.西周、表、书、春秋和列传解析：解析：《史记》是由司马迁撰写的中国第一部纪传体通史。

翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识(历史)历年真题试卷汇编1(题

翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识（历史）历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 3. 名词解释 4. 简答题单项选择题1．洋务运动时期最早创办的翻译学堂是( )。

A．同文馆B．广方言馆C．译书局D．译书馆正确答案：A解析：同文馆是清代最早培养译员的洋务学堂和从事翻译出版的机构。

咸丰十年清政府成立总理各国事务衙门，作为综理洋务的中央机关。

同时恭亲王奕诉等人建议在总理各国事务衙门下设立同文馆。

知识模块：历史2．1930年1月，毛泽东进一步从理论上阐述农村包围城市、武装夺取政权理论的文章是( )。

A．《中国的红色政权为什么能够存在?》B．《星星之火，可以燎原》C．《井冈山的斗争》D．《中国革命战争的战略问题》正确答案：B解析：毛泽东在《星星之火，可以燎原》一文中进一步指出：红军、游击队和红色区域的建立和发展，是殖民地和半封建殖民地农民斗争的必然结果，并且无疑义地是促进全国革命高潮的最重要因素。

知识模块：历史3．著名的“三权分立”理论是法国资产阶级启蒙思想家( )在其著作《论法的精神》中提出的。

A．狄德罗B．伏尔泰C．孟德斯鸠D．卢梭正确答案：C解析：《论法的精神》是孟德斯鸠最重要的、影响最大的著作。

该书中提出的追求自由、主张法治、实行分权的理论，对世界范围的资产阶级革命产生了很大影响。

知识模块：历史4．“完璧归赵”“怒发冲冠”等成语出于蔺相如的故事，这个故事来自历史书( )。

A．《左传》B．《战国策》C．《史记》D．《汉书》正确答案：C解析：“完璧归赵”“怒发冲冠”出自西汉司马迁《史记.廉颇蔺相如列传》。

知识模块：历史5．古代中国，在不同的历史时期，曾多次和其他国家有过对外交流。

汉武帝派( )出使西域，是中国有史以来的第一次中外交流。

A．徐光启B．郑和C．张骞D．玄奘正确答案：C解析：徐光启和郑和是明朝人，玄奘是唐朝人，张骞出使西域开辟了著名的“丝绸之路”。

知识模块：历史6．中国古代医药学著作现存约8000多种，形成了完整的理论体系。

大学翻译硕士MTI历年考研真题-2013四川大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题(回忆版)(1)

2013四川大学翻译硕士MTI考研试题（回忆版）我尽量回忆全，水平太差，做题时间都不怎么够，整个状态都很紧张……所以记得不太全，以下顺序按记忆清晰程度排列。

一、汉语百科名词解释（25个）：1. 文艺复兴人文主义中世纪2. 易经形而上形而下3. 爱默生苏格拉底儒家4. 印度教伊斯兰教佛教5. 美国国会参议院众议院6. CPI PPI 通货膨胀7. 诺曼底登陆盟军第二战场8. 细胞学说能量守恒定律生物进化论马克思主义应用文：为某制药公司的中成药心血安康丸写说明书，450字左右。

考前看过一篇清热解毒丸的说明书倒是不难但我咋觉得要凑够450字那么不容易。

反正我应该是没够大作文：材料是今年关于央视“大裤衩”，苏州“秋裤楼”，以及传闻沈阳抚顺交界处即将修建的“大铁圈”等奇楼高楼引发的关于经济文化的质疑与思考，自拟题目800字。

二、英语翻译基础术语及缩略语翻译（30个）：P5+1，UNCTAD，SCO，CDM，BRICS，the 67th Session of the UN General Assembly 67th Session，fisical cliff，CO2 enquivalent，SAARC，QE 3，Social media，Mandatory evacuation，Non-Aligned movement，Hamid karzai中共十八大，移动媒体，亚欧首脑会议，光棍节，早稻田大学，海上风能，反倾销与反补贴，上海期货交易所，车载信息系统，伦敦金融城，电视相亲，文心雕龙英译汉：1. 罗素的文章网上有原文The misfortunes of humanbeings may be divided into two classes: First, thoseinflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by otherpeople. As mankind have progressed in knowledge and technique, the secondclass has become a continually increasing percentage of the total. In oldtimes, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, and although peopledid their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. Atthe present moment large parts of the world are faced with the threat offamine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation, theprincipal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the worlddevoted all their best energies to killing each other, and they find itdifficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other alive. Having destroyedharvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized shipping,they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one placeby means of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if theeconomic system were in normal working order. As this illustration shows,it is now man that is man's worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still seesto it that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will becomemore and more common for people to live until they have had their fill oflife. We are supposed to wish to live for ever and to look forward to theunending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never growstale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, hehas no wish to begin again as a 'new boy' in another. For the future, therefore, it may be taken that much the most important evils that mankind have toconsider are those which they inflict upon each other through stupidityor malevolence or both.人的不幸可分为两类：第一类，乃由非人为的客观环境所造成，第二类，由他人所造成。

川大MTI百科知识样题+参考答案(背景)

《汉语写作与百科知识》样题第一部分百科知识（50’）请简要解释以下段落中划线部分的知识点1. 这次股市波动在全球都有一定的关联影响，这说明全球化在逐步进展。

过去中国认为自己的市场是一个相对比较小型的市场，也是一个正在建设中的、比较我的推动作用，证明了微软公司在文化市场中有多重要。

一个软件公司创造的巨额财富使大量重要艺术作品流向微软人手中，流向西雅图。

4. 2009年3月的全国“两会”上，吴邦国提出，今年要着力加强社会领域立法，继续完善经济、政治、文化领域立法。

社会领域的公平正义，变化并没有那么快，我们只需要翻找出过去的研究和报道，就可以看到今天的问题所在。

例如，上文提到的新华社2006年那篇文章中，对社会领域立法促进公平正义列举了五个方面：一是保障公民权利，尊重和保障人权；二是发展社会事业，提高公共服务的能力和水平；三是健全社会保障，发展慈善事业；四是规范社会组织，使各类具有公益或互益性质的社会组织，纳入规范化、法制化管理的轨道；五是重视社会管理，包括加强公共安全、应对突发事件等。

社会领域立法以促进公平正义，也许更加直接地体现了孟德斯鸠在《法的精神》中强调的重点：限权。

也就是保障私权利，限制公权力。

从新华社列举的五项内容可以看出，每前进一步的关键都是公私权界。

显然，在这方面还有相当漫长的路要走。

第二部分应用文写作（40’）根据下面的文字说明写一篇450字左右的应用文，要求包含标题、正文、结尾语、落款等几个要素。

中国×进出口商会于×月×日至×月×日派人去××，了解了××汽车索赔案的谈判结果。

根据中国××办公室和对外经济贸易部××司的指示，现要给其上级部门即中国××办公室的答复报告《关于××汽车索赔案谈判结果的报告》，要求介绍谈判过程及结果，并指出产生“索赔案”的原因等。

2013年四川外国语大学翻译硕士考研真题,参考书目,招生人数,汉语写作与百科知识真题答案

2010年四川外国语大学汉语写作与百科知识真题答案1 “五经”，指儒家的五圣经，即《周易》、《尚书》、《诗经》、《礼记》、《春秋》。

温柔宽厚，《诗》教也；疏通知远，《书》教也；广博易良，《乐》教也；洁静精微，《易》教也；恭俭庄敬，《礼》教也；属词比事，《春秋》教也。

汉武帝立五经博士，儒教国家化由此谓开端。

“五经”还是中医名词，指肝、心、脾、肺、肾五脏的经脉。

3 《黄帝内经》分《灵枢》《素问》两部分，为古代医家托轩辕黄帝名之作，为医家、医学理论家联合创作，一般认为成书于春秋战国时期。

在以黄帝、岐伯、雷公对话、问答的形式阐述病机病理的同时，主张不治已病，而治未病，同时主张养生、摄生、益寿、延年。

是中国传统医学四大经典著作之一(《黄帝内经》、《难经》、《伤寒杂病论》、《神农本草经》)，是我国医学宝库中现存成书最早的一部医学典籍。

它是研究人的生理学、病理学、诊断学、治疗原则和药物学的医学巨著。

在理论上建立了中医学上的“阴阳五行学说”、“脉象学说”“藏象学说”等。

公元3世纪初，张仲景博览群书，广采众方，凝聚毕生心血，写就《伤寒杂病论》一书。

中医所说的伤寒实际上是一切外感病的总称，它包括瘟疫这种传染病。

该书成书约在公元200年～210年左右。

在纸张尚未大量使用，印刷术还没有发明的年代，这本书很可能写在竹简上。

《神农本草经》简称《本草经》或《本经》，是中国现存最早的药物学专著。

《神农本草经》成书于东汉，并非出自一时一人之手，而是秦汉时期众多医学家总结、搜集、整理当时药物学经验成果的专著，是对中国中草药的第一次系统总结。

其中规定的大部分药物学理论和配伍规则以及提出的“七情合和”原则在几千年的用药实践中发挥了巨大作用，被誉为中药学经典著作。

因此很长一段历史时期内，它是医生和药师学习中药学的教科书，也是医学工作者案头必备的工具书之一。

《本草纲目》，药学著作，五十二卷，明·李时珍撰，刊于1590年。

全书共190多万字，载有药物1892种，收集医方11096个，绘制精美插图1160幅，分为16部、60类。

[考研类试卷]2013年四川大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷.doc

[考研类试卷]2013年四川大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷一、Vocabulary1 Presumably, excessive consumption of fried foods has serious consequences as has been proved.（A）Theoretically（B）Practically（C）Incredibly（D）Probably2 Silk, although it is considered a delicate fabric, is in fact very strong, but it is adversely affected by sunlight.（A）soft（B）sheer（C）fragile（D）refined3 It is anticipated that this contract will substantially increase sales over the next three years.（A）apparently（B）slightly（C）considerably（D）steadily4 Wives tend to believe that their husbands are infinitely resourceful and versatile.（A）diligent（B）capable（C）clever（D）perfect5 What is at fault in our present system is not the outcome but the fallible procedure.（A）sublime（B）erroneous（C）plausible（D）impeccable6 What he expressed as a mere supposition was taken by others as a positive statement.（A）suspect（B）surmise（C）suspicion（D）surrender7 Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional.（A）permanent（B）temporary（C）corrupt（D）craven8 Any troop of wild animals should be approached warily.（A）fearlessly（B）confidently（C）silently（D）prudently9 Mr. Johnson was a passionate person filled with an incredible dynamism. （A）energy（B）endurance（C）effort（D）endeavor10 Among the lowest of the judicial ranks, justices of the peace nevertheless frequently exercise jurisdiction over a variety of misdemeanors.（A）guidance（B）sovereignty（C）authority（D）suzerainty11 The general opinion is that he is______to complain.（A）so much a milquetoast（B）too a milquetoast（C）too much of a milquetoast（D）so much of a milquetoast12 The ozone layer plays as great a role in the stability of spaceship Earth as______the waters of its lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and streams.（A）do（B）does（C）play（D）are13 Perhaps I should not have done so, but I changed my mind about the new job even though I was ______last week.（A）to be started（B）to have started（C）to have been starting（D）start14 Despite an overlay of quasi-literary French vocabulary stemming from the Norman Invasion of 1066, the daily vocabulary of English remained Germanic, ______its grammatical structure.（A）the same are（B）and so are（C）as did（D）and so were15 Although money is always useful, it isn't all______.（A）what there is to life（B）to which there is in life（C）there is to life（D）that is in life16 ______ever so humble, there's no place like home.（A）It be（B）Be it（C）It was（D）Was it17 Although women duster to him like moths around a flame, he is none ______ happier for it.（A）but（B）the（C）much（D）any18 Professor Jeffrey's lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show ______can still be improved.（A）that the municipal authorities have done（B）how those the municipal authorities have done（C）how what the municipal authorities have done（D）that how the municipal authorities have done19 Most insulation devices of this kind,______manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive to install.（A）that are（B）which is（C）those are（D）as are20 The detective watched and saw the suspect______a hotel at the corner of the street. （A）getting off the taxi and walking into（B）got off the taxi and walked into（C）get off the taxi and walk into（D）got off the taxi to walk into二、Reading Comprehension20 An important point in the development of a governmental agency is the codification of its controlling practices. The study of law or jurisprudence is usually concerned with the codes, and practices of specific governments, past or present. It is also concerned with certain questions upon which a functional analysis of behavior has somebearing. What is a law? What role does a law play in governmental control? In particular, what effect does it have upon the behavior of the controller and of the members of the governmental agency itself?A law usually has two important features. In the first place, it specifies behavior. The behavior is usually not described topographically but rather in terms of its effect upon others—the effect that is the object of governmental control. When we are told, for example, that an individual has " committed perjury" , we are not told what he has actually said. "Robbery" and "assault" do not refer to specific forms of response. Only properties of behavior which are aversive to others are mentioned—in perjury the lack of a customary correspondence between a verbal response and certain factual circumstances, in robbery the removal of positive reinforces, and in assault the aversive character of physical injury. In the second place, a law specifies or implies a consequence, usually punishment. A law is thus a statement of a contingency of reinforcement maintained by a governmental agency. The contingency may have prevailed as a controlling practice prior to its codification as a law, or it may represent a new practice which goes into effect with the passage of the law. Laws are thus both descriptions of past practices and assurances of similar practices in the future. A law is a rule of conduct in the sense that it specifies the consequences of certain actions which in turn "rule" behavior.The effect of a law upon the controlling agency. The government of a large group requires an elaborate organization, the practices of which may be made more consistent and effective by codification. How codes of law affect governmental agents is the principal subject of jurisprudence. The behavioral processes are complex, although presumably not novel. In order to maintain or "enforce" contingencies of governmental control, an agency must establish the fact that an individual has behaved illegally and must interpret a code to determine the punishment. It must then carry out the punishment. These labors are usually divided among special subdivisions of the agency. The advantages gained when the individual is "not under man but under law" have usually been obvious, and the great codifiers of law occupy places of honor in the history of civilization. Codification does not, however, change the essential nature of governmental action nor remedy all its defects.21 In the development of a government agency, ______.（A）the standard on which the judgment may be made is more important than the actual application of this judgment（B）the function of law is important（C）the study of ordinance is the most important（D）practice is more important than criterion22 One of the prominent characteristics of a law is______.（A）the result on the individual's behavior on which a restraining influence is being exercised（B）the result of a behavior on the members of the governmental agency（C）the result of a behavior on ordinary citizens（D）Both A and B23 What does the example "committed perjury" illustrate?（A）The law will examine closely what the individual said in court.（B）It illustrates that the law only has something to say when behavior has negative effects on others.（C）Behavior which tends to avoid punishing stimulus will not be explicitly specified by law.（D）Both B and C24 The other distinguishing trait of the law is______.（A）punishment is carried out by the courts at all levels（B）rules and court practices initiated by a governmental agency are specifically designed to increase government control（C）a system of rules governing a conduct, activity or event incidental by nature （D）any governmental reinforcement25 How does codification of the laws affect governmental agents?（A）The law will be interpreted objectively rather than subjectively.（B）Government agencies have to compromise with factual conditions.（C）Occasionally, governmental agencies have to redress, correct or adapt a law for their benefit.（D）Laws can not be altered or modified but they can be incremented with new court decisions and also through jurisprudence.25 " Sloganeering" did not originate in the 1960s. The term has a rich history. It originated from the Gaelic word slaughgharim, which signified a " host-shout," " war cry," or " gathering word or phrase of one of the old Highland clans; hence the shout or battle cry of soldiers in the field. " English-speaking people began using the term by 1704. The term at the time meant "the distinctive note, phrase, or cry of any person or body of persons. " Slogans were common throughout the European continent during the middle ages, and they were utilized primarily as "passwords to insure proper recognition of individuals at night or in the confusion of battle. " The American revolutionary rhetoric would not have been the same without "the Boston Massacre," "the Boston Tea Party," "the shot heard around the world," and shouts of "no taxation without representation".Slogans operate in society as " social symbols" and, as such, their intended or perceived meaning may be difficult to grasp and their impact or stimulation may differ between and among individuals and groups.Because slogans may operate as " significant symbols" or as key words that have a standard meaning in a group, they serve both expressive and persuasive functions. Harold Lasswell recognized that the influencing of collective attitudes is possible by the manipulation of significant symbols such as slogans. He believed that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction or organize collective attitudes around a symbol. Murray Edelman writes that "to the political scientist patterning or consistency in the context in which specific groups of individuals use symbols is crucial, for only through such patterning do common political meaning and claims arise. " Thus, the slogans a group uses to evoke specific responses may provide us with an index for the group's norm, values, and conceptual rationale for its claims.Slogans are so pervasive in today's society that it is easy to underestimate their persuasive power. They have grown in significance because of the medium of television and the advertising industry. Television, in addition to being the major advertising medium, has altered the nature of human interaction. Political images are less personal and shorter. They function as summaries and conclusions rather than bases for publicinteraction and debate. The style of presentation in television is more emotional, but the content is less complex or ideological. In short, slogans work well on television.The advertising industry has made a science of sloganeering. Today, communication itself is a problem because we live in an " overcommunicated" society. Advertisers have discovered that it is easier to link product attributes to existing beliefs, ideas, goals, and desires of the consumer rather than to change them. Thus, to say that a cookie tastes "homemade" or is as good as "Mom used to make" does not tell us if the cookie is good or bad, hard or soft, but simply evokes the fond memories of Mother's baking. Advertisers, then, are more successful if they present a product in a way that capitalizes on established beliefs or expectations of the consumer. Slogans do this well by crystallizing in a few words the key idea or theme one wants to associate with an issue, group, product, or event. "Sloganeering" has become institutionalized as a virtual art form, and an advertising a-gency may spend months testing and creating the right slogan for a product or a person.Slogans have a number of attributes that enhance their persuasive potential for social movements. They are unique and readily identifiable with a specific social movement or social movement organization. "Gray Power," for instance, readily identifies the movement for elderly Americans, and "Huelga"(strike in Spanish)identifies the movement to aid Mexican American field workers in the west and southwest.26 "Sloganeering" stems from a word that was used______.（A）in the United States（B）in the Ireland（C）on the European continent（D）frequently in revolutionary rhetoric27 What is the writer's main purpose?（A）To explain the history of slogans.（B）To explain the persuasiveness of slogans.（C）To explain how slogans have changed.（D）To explain how slogans are used on television.28 Because slogans are "social symbols" they______.（A）can have different meanings in different cultural and economic settings（B）are widely used as status symbols（C）can be used to demonstrate high social standing（D）are perceived as difficult to grasp29 Lasswell's and Edelman's studies are important in that they______.（A）believe that a verbal symbol might evoke a desired reaction（B）demonstrate that patterning and consistency is crucial to the use of symbols（C）organize collective attitudes around a symbol（D）demonstrate a culture's principles are indicated by the slogans which are used30 Television______.（A）has distorted the purpose of slogans（B）has kept consistent the nature of human interaction（C）has made political images personal and shorter（D）utilizes slogans well30 Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your answer sheet.THE WISDOM OF SOCRATESI will try to explain to you what has given rise to these slanders and given me a bad name. Listen then. Some of you will think that I am joking, but I assure you that I will tellyou the whole truth. I have gained this bad reputation, Athenians, simply by reason of a certain kind of wisdom. What kind of wisdom? It is by that sort of wisdom which is possible to men. It may be that in having that I am really wise. But the men of whom I was speaking just now must be wise in a wisdom which is greater than human wisdom, or in some way which I cannot describe since I know nothing of it myself; and if any man says that I do know anything of superhuman wisdom, he lies and wants to slanderme.(Interruptions.)Do not interrupt me, Athenians, even if you think that I am speaking arrogantly I am going to say something which is not my own. I will tell you who says it and he deserves to be believed by you. I will bring the god of Delphi to be the witness of the fact of my wisdom and of its nature. You remember Chaerephon. From youth upwards he was my comrade. You remember his character. He was impetuous. Once he went to Delphi and ventured to put this question to the Oracle—(interruptions)—I entreat you again, my friends, not to cry out-he asked if there was any man who was wiser than I, and the priestess answered that them was no man. Chaerephon himself is dead, but his brother here will confirm what I say.Why do I tell you this? I am going to explain to you the origin of my unpopularity. When I heard what the Oracle had said I began to reflect. What could God mean by this dark saying? I knew very well that I was not wise, even in the smallest degree. Then what could he mean by saying that I was the wisest of men? It cannot be that he was speaking falsely for he is a god and cannot lie. For a long time I was at a loss to understand his meaning. After turning it over in my mind for a long time I thought of away of testing the matter. I went to a man who was said to be wise, thinking that there if anywhere I should prove the Oracle wrong, and meaning to point out to the Oracle its mistake. I should be able to say, ' You said that I was the wisest of men, but this man is wiser than I am. ' So I examined the man—I need not tell you his name; he was a politician—but this was the result, Athenians. When I talked with him I found that, though a great many persons, and most of all he himself; thought that he was wise, yet he was not wise. Then I tried to prove to him that he was not wise though he fancied he was, and by so doing I made him, and many of the bystanders, Elders, my enemies. So when I went away I thought to myself, I am wiser than this man. Probably neither of us knows anything that is really good, but he thinks that he has knowledge, when he has not, while I having no knowledge, do not think that I have. I do not think that I know what I do not know, and on this point, at any rate I seem to be a little wiser than he is.Next I went to another man who was said to be even wiser than the last, with exactly the same result. Here again I made him, and many other men, my enemies.I went on to one man after another, making enemies every day. This caused me much unhappi-ness and anxiety, but I thought that I must set God's command above everything? So I had to go to every man who seemed to possess any knowledge, and search for the meaning of the Oracle. This was the result of the search which I made at God's bidding: the men whose reputation for wisdom stood highest were among those most lacking in it,while others, who were looked down on as common people, were much better fitted to learn.Now I must describe to you the wanderings which I undertook to make full proof ofthe Oracle. After the politicians I went to the poets, thinking that I should and myself clearly more ignorant than they. So I took up the poems on which I thought they had spent most pains, and ask them what they meant, hoping to learn something from them. I am ashamed to tell you the truth, my friends, but I must say it. Almost any of the bystanders could have talked about the works of these poets better than the poets themselves. So I soon found out that it is not by wisdom that the poets create their works, but by a certain natural power and by inspiration, like soothsayers and prophets who say fine things but who understand nothing of what they say. At the same time I saw that, because of their poetry, they thought that they were the wisest of men in other matters too, which they were not. So I went away again, thinking that I had the same advantage over the poets as I had over the politicians.Finally I went to the skilled workmen, for I knew very well that I possessed no knowledge at all worth speaking of, and I was sure that I should find that they knew many fine things, and in that I was not mistaken. But, Athenians, they made the same mistake as the poets. Each of them believed himself to be extremely wise in matters ofthe greatest importance because he was skilled in his own art. I asked myself, on behalfof the Oracle, whether I would choose to remain as I was, without either their wisdom or their ignorance, or to possess both, as they did. I made answer to myself and to the Oracle that it was better for me to remain as I was.By reason of this examination, Athenians, I have made enemies of a very bitter and fierce kind, who have spread abroad a great number of slanders about me. People say that I am a ' wise man' , thinking that I am wise myself in any matter in which I show another man to be ignorant. But, my friends, I believe that only God is really wise, and that bythis Oracle he meant that men's wisdom is worth little or nothing. I do not think he meant that Socrates was wise. He only took me as an example as though he would say to men, ' He among you is the wisest who, like Socrates, knows that his wisdom is worth little at all.31 When Socrates says that he is not wise, what does he mean by ' being wise' ? Whenhe says that he possesses a certain kind of wisdom, what kind of ' wisdom' has he in mind? When he says that only God is really wise, is he thinking of the first sense of ' wisdom' or second?32 In the second sentence of the second paragraph, Socrates promises to explain to the audience the origin of his unpopularity. What exactly is the explanation which he offers on this point?33 Can you tell from this passage whether Socrates had a sympathetic audience or a hostile one?33 " I've been expecting you!" Marek repeated, when he had seated his guest in a comfortable leather chair. Nothing on earth would have induced Bondy to own up to his vision of the fallen inventor. "Just fancy!" he said, with a rather forced gaiety. "What a coincidence! It struck me only this very morning that we hadn't seen each other for twenty years. Twenty years, Rudy, think of it!""Hm," said Marek. "And so you want to buy my invention. ""Buy it?" said G. H. Bondy hesitatingly. "I really don't know... I haven't even given it a thought. I wanted to see you and—""Oh, come, you needn't pretend," Marek interrupted him. "I knew that you were coming. You'd be sure to, for a thing like this. This kind of invention is just in your line. There's a lot to be done with it. " He made an eloquent motion with his hand, coughed, and began again more deliberately. "The invention I am going to show you means a bigger revolution in technical methods than Wart's invention of the steam-engine. To give you its nature briefly, it provides, putting it theoretically , for the complete utilization of atomic energy. "Bondy concealed a yawn. "But tell me, what have you been doing all these twenty years?"Marek glanced at him with some surprise." Modern science teaches that all matter—that is to say, its atoms—is composed of a vast number of units of energy. An atom is in reality a collection of electrons, i. e. of the tiniest particles of electricity. ""That's tremendously interesting," Bondy broke in. "I was always weak in physics, you know. But you're not looking well, Marek. By the way, how did you happen to come by this playth ... this, er... factory?""I? Oh, quite by accident. 1 invented a new kind of filament for electric bulbs... But that's nothing; I only came upon it incidentally. You see, for twenty years I've been working on the combustion of matter. Tell me yourself, Bondy, what is the greatest problem of modern industry?""Doing business," said Bond. "And are you married yet?"" I'm a widower," answered Marek, leaping up excitedly. " No, business has nothing to do with it, I tell you. It's combustion. The complete utilization of the heat-energy contained in matter! Just consider that we use hardly one hundred-thousandth of the heat that there is in coal, and that could be extracted from it! Do you realize that?""Yes, coal is terribly dear!" said Mr. Bondy sapiently.Marek sat down and cried disgustedly, " Look here, if you haven't come here about my Karbu-rator, Bondy, you can go. "" Go ahead, then," Bondy returned, anxious to conciliate him.Marek rested his head in his hands, and after a struggle came out with, " For twenty years I've been working on it, and now—now, I'll sell it to the first man who comes along! My magnificent dream! The greatest invention of all the ages! Seriously, Bondy, I tell you, it's something really amazing." No doubt, in the present wretched state of affairs," assented Bondy." No, without any qualification at all, amazing. Do you realize that it means the utilization of atomic energy without any residue whatever?"" Aha," said Bondy. " So we're going to do our heating with atoms. Well, why not? ... You've got a nice place here, Rudy. Small and pleasant. How many hands do you employ?" Marek took no notice. "You know," he said thoughtfully, "it's all the same thing, whatever you call it—the utilization of atomic energy, or the complete combustion of matter, or the disintegration of matter. You can call it what you please. ""I'm in favor of ' combustion' !" said Mr. Bondy. "It sounds more familiar. "" But ' disintegration' is more exact—to break up the atoms into electrons, and harness the electrons and make them work. Do you understand that?""Perfectly," Bondy assured him. "The point is to harness them!""Well, imagine, say, that there are two horses at the ends of a rope, pulling with all their might in opposite directions. Do you know what you have then?""Some kind of sport, I suppose," suggested Mr. Bondy."No, a state of repose. The horses pull, but they stay where they are. And if you wereto cut the rope—""—The horses would fall over," cried G. H. Bondy, with a flash of inspiration."No, but they would start running; they would become energy released. Now, pay attention. Matter is a team in that very position. Cut the bonds that hold its electrons together, and they will..."" Run loose! ""Yes, but we can catch and harness them, don't you see? Or put it to yourself this way: we burn a piece of coal, say, to produce heat. We do get a little heat from it, but we also get ashes, coal-gas, and soot. So we don't lose the matter altogether, do we?""No. —Won't you have a cigar?"" No, I won't. —But the matter which is left still contains a vast quantity of unused atomic energy. If we used up the whole of the atomic energy, we should use up the whole of the atoms. In short, the matter would vanish altogether. ""Aha! Now I understand. "" It's just as though we were to grind corn badly—as if we ground up the thin outer husk and threw the rest away, just as we throw away ashes. When the grinding is perfect, there's nothing or next to nothing left of the grain, is there? In the same way, when thereis perfect combustion, there's nothing or next to nothing left of the matter we burn. It's ground up completely. It is used up. It returns to its original nothingness. You know, it takes a tremendous amount of energy to make matter exist at all. Take away its existence,compel it not to be, and you thereby release an enormous supply of power. That's how it is, Bondy. ""Aha. That's not bad. "" Pflueger, for instance, calculates that one kilogramme of coal contains twenty-three billions of calories. I think that Pfluger exaggerates. ""Decidedly. ""I have arrived at seven billions myself, theoretically. But even that signifies that one kilogramme of coal, if it underwent complete combustion, would run a good-sized factory for several hundred hours!"" The devil it does!" cried Mr. Bondy, springing from his chair." I can't give you the exact number of hours. I've been burning half a kilogramme of coal for six weeks at a pressure of thirty kilogrammetres and, man alive," said the engineer in a whisper, turning pale, "it's still going on... and on... and on. "Bondy was embarrassed; he stroked his smooth round chin. " Listen, Marek," he began, hesitatingly. "You're surely... er... a bit... er... overworked. "Marek's hand thrust the suggestion aside. "Not a bit of it. If you'd only get up physics a bit, I could give you an explanation of my Karburator in which the combustion takes place. It involves a whole chapter of advanced physics, you know. But you'll see it downstairs in the cellar. I shovelled half a kilogramme of coal into the machine, then I shut it up and had it officially sealed in the presence of witnesses, so that no one could put any more coal in. Go and have a look at it for yourself— go on—go now! You won't understand it, anyway, but—go down to the cellar! Go on down, man, I tell you!""Won't you come with me?" asked Bondy in astonishment."No, you go alone. And... I say, Bondy... don't stay down there long. ""Why not?" asked Bondy, growing a trifle suspicious."Oh, nothing much. Only I have a notion that perhaps it's not quite healthy down there. Turn on the light, the switch is just by the door. That noise down in the cellar doesn't come from my machine. It works noiselessly, steadily, and without any smell... The roaring is only a ventilator. Well, now, you go on. I'll wait here. Then you can tell me..." Bondy went down the cellar steps, quite glad to be away from that madman for awhile(quite mad, no doubt whatever about it)and rather worried as to the quickest means of getting out of the place altogether. Why, just look, the cellar had a huge thick reinforced door just like an armour-plated safe in a bank. And now let's have a light. The switch was just by the door. And there in the middle of the arched concrete cellar, clean as a monastery cell, lay a gigantic copper cylinder resting on cement supports. It was closed on all sides except at the top, where there was a grating bedecked with seals. Inside the machine all was darkness and silence. With a smooth and regular motion the cylinder thrust forth a piston which slowly rotated a heavy fly-wheel. That was all. Only the ventilator in the cellar window kept up a ceaseless rattle.。

2013年解放军外国语学院翻译硕士考研百科知识题库

育明教育【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。

目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！地理历史（3）青蛙在幼年（蝌蚪）时用什么呼吸：鳃在人类基因计划组测序中，下列哪个国家没有担任测序任务：加拿大天然气在什么温度下冷却液化：摄氏-162度造有色玻璃，在原料里加入氧化钴，玻璃呈：蓝色我们吃的胡萝卜属于植物的哪一个器官：根蚕豆苗在阳光下进行光合作用的产物主要是：氧气和淀粉对环境问题及相关内容的叙述，正确的是：环境问题主要表现为生态破坏和环境污染计算机应用广泛，而其应用最广泛的领域是：数据处理与办公自动化对环境问题及相关内容的叙述，正确的是：环境问题主要表现为生态破坏和环境污染天文学上用“天文单位”作为测量天体之间距离的单位，它指的是：太阳到地球的距离下列哪项是人类所特有的条件反射：谈论梅子分泌唾液底面积相同的质量也相等的两个容器，甲为筒形，乙为圆锥形，当两容器注入相同质量的水后，哪个容器底受的压力大：一样大根吸收的水分有99％左右用于：蒸腾作用维持人体平衡的器官结构是：前庭碳族元素不包括：硒在乌鸦家族中体形最大的是：渡鸦我国有关软件版本保护的法规《中华人民共和国著作权法》于哪年通过：1990操作系统是一种什么软件：系统下列哪种生物是寄生生活的：噬菌体从物质和能量的转变过程来看，生物界中最基本的物质代谢和能量代谢是：光合作用对生态平衡的正确理解是：生态系统的能量流动和物质循环能够较长时间的保持平衡病人验尿时发现尿中有红细胞、白细胞和大分子蛋白质，此病人可能患的是：肾小球炎光合作用过程中释放的氧气来源于：水最早的温度计是谁发明的：伽利略长颈鹿的寿命约为：30年世界上最长的娃娃鱼有多长：1.5米下列哪一种动物会破坏珊瑚礁：海星蚕豆苗在阳光下进行光合作用的产物主要是：氧气和淀粉现存鸟类中的产的卵最大的是：鸵鸟造有色玻璃，在原料里加入氧化钴，玻璃呈：蓝色天文学上用“天文单位”作为测量天体之间距离的单位，它指的是：太阳到地球的距离全球台风发生频率最高、强度最大的海域是：西北太平洋第三代计算机的逻辑器件采用的是：中、小规模集成电路地球有近日点、远日点，我们北半球冬季时地球处于：近日点大黄鱼和小黄鱼是同一种吗：不是土豆是植株的哪一部分：块茎人类基因组可以促进治疗的疾病是：癌症“红十字”是有哪国国旗演变而来：瑞士关于磷的下列叙述中，正确的是：红磷没有毒性而白磷剧毒用尽废退学说的创始人是：拉马克保险丝常采用么材料：铝锑合金娃娃鱼是鱼吗：不是计算机病毒是一种会进行自我繁殖和扩散的：程序溶液的ph值大于7时，溶液显什么性：碱性最早的活字印刷是由谁发明的：毕昇。

四川外国语大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年_真题-无答案

四川外国语大学翻译硕士汉语写作学位MTI考试真题2013年(总分150,考试时间90分钟)第一部分百科知识1. 中国实施行省制始于哪个朝代?______A.唐朝 B.宋朝 C.元朝 D.明朝2. 先秦诸子中的哪一家主张“兼爱”“非攻”?______A.孔子 B.庄子 C.老子 D.墨子3. 《说文解字》的作者是______。

A.仓颉 B.许慎 C.李斯 D.班固4. 《四库全书总目提要》的作者是______。

A.纪昀 B.张廷玉 C.阮元D.戴震5. 被称为“天下第三行书”的书法作品是______。

A.颜真卿《祭侄文稿》 B.颜真卿《争座位帖》 C.王羲之《快雪时晴帖》 D.苏轼《寒食帖》6. 《女史箴图》是哪位画家的传世画作?______A.展子虔 B.顾恺之 C.阎立本 D.吴道子7. 屈原根据民间祭祀之礼、歌舞之乐再创作的一组诗歌是______。

A.《九歌》B.《九章》C.《九辨》 D.《九叹》8. 在《史记》的五种编纂体例中，“本纪”主要是记叙______。

A.各诸侯国的兴衰始末 B.著名人物的生平事迹 C.历代帝王的兴衰更替 D.重要家族的兴衰变迁9. 《战国策》的编纂体例属于______。

A.国别体 B.编年体 C.纪传体D.纪事本本末体10. 汉大赋是汉代最具代表性、最能彰显其时代精神的一种文学样式，以下哪篇作品不符合汉大赋的特征?______A.《甘泉赋》 B.《归田赋》 C.《子虚赋》 D.《长杨赋》11. 汉乐府中的《上邪》一篇在体裁上属于______。

A.五言诗 B.七言诗 C.律诗 D.杂言诗12. 魏晋南北朝时期的文学理论和文学批评，相对于文学创作异常地繁荣。

其中的代表作《文心雕龙》的作者是______。

A.陆机 B.刘勰 C.钟嵘 D.沈约13. 《燕歌行》是文学史上第一首完整的文人七言诗，这首诗的作者是______。

A.曹操 B.曹丕 C.曹植 D.王粲14. “初唐四杰”不包括下列哪位诗人?______A.王绩 B.杨炯 C.王勃 D.卢照邻15. 《修竹篇序》是初唐非常重要的文学批评短文，它鲜明地提出诗歌要包含“风骨”和“兴寄”，这篇文章的作者是______。

2013年国际关系学院翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷

2013年国际关系学院翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷(总分：20.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：8，分数：16.00)1.殷墟甲骨文是我国最早的系统文字，也是比较成熟的文字，已经具备了“ 六书”中的各种造字方法，且初具用笔、结体、章法等书法要旨，孕育着书法艺术的美。

郭沫若在《殷契粹编》序言中说：“足知现存契文，实一代法书，而书之契之者，乃殷氏之钟王颜柳也。

”（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：(1)六书：中国古代所总结的关于汉字构造的理论，把汉字的构造方法归纳为：象形、指事、会意、形声、转注、假借。

(2)钟王颜柳：指魏晋至唐代四位伟大的书法家——钟繇、王羲之、颜真卿、柳公权，他们是中国书法史上最负盛名、最具代表性的书法家。

)解析：2.吕思勉《先秦学术概论》：“吾国学术，大略可分七期：先秦之世，诸子百家之学，一也；两汉之儒学，二也；魏晋玄学，三也；南北朝、隋唐之佛学，四也；宋明理学，五也。

清代之汉学，六也；现今所谓新学，七也。

”（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：(1)诸子百家：对春秋战国时期出现的众多思想家及学术流派的统称，诸子百家中流传得最为广泛的是儒家、墨家、道家、法家、阴阳家、纵横家、农家、名家、杂家、小说家、医家、兵家这12家。

(2)魏晋玄学：玄学即研究幽深玄远问题的学说，魏晋时期盛行的玄学融合儒学和老庄之学，关注有、无的关系，名教与自然的关系等问题，以何晏、王弼、阮籍、嵇康、郭象等为代表。

翻译硕士考研百科知识题库

翻译硕士考研百科知识题库根据育明教育统计，每年百科知识考点重复率高达90%以上。

一．中国文学1.第一位女诗人是：蔡琰（文姬）2. 第一部纪传体通史：史记3. 第一部词典是：尔雅4. 第一部大百科全书是：永乐大典5. 第一部诗歌总集是：诗经6. 第一部文选：昭明文选7. 第一部字典：说文解字8. 第一部神话集：山海经9. 第一部文言志人小说集：世说新语10. 第一部文言志怪小说集：搜神记11. 第一部语录体著作：论语12. 第一部编年体史书是：春秋13. 第一部断代史：汉书14. 第一部兵书：孙子兵法15. 文章西汉两司马：司马迁。

司马相如16. 乐府双璧：木兰词孔雀东南飞，加上《秦妇吟》为乐府三绝17. 史学双璧：史记资治通鉴18. 二拍：初刻拍案惊奇二刻拍案惊奇（凌蒙初）19. 大李杜：李白杜甫小李杜：李商隐杜牧20. 中国现代文坛的双子星座：鲁迅郭沫若21. 三不朽：立德立功立言22. 三代：夏商周23. 《春秋》三传：左传公羊传谷梁传24. 三王：夏禹商汤周公25. 三山：蓬莱方丈瀛洲26. 三教：儒释道27. 三公：周时，司马司徒司空西汉，丞相太尉御史大夫清明，太师太傅太保28. 三曹：曹操曹丕曹植29. 公安三袁：袁宗道袁宏道袁中道30. 江南三大古楼：湖南岳阳楼武昌黄鹤楼南昌滕王阁31. 岁寒三友：松竹梅32. 三辅：左冯翊右扶风京兆尹33. 科考三元：乡试，会试，殿试和自的第一名（解元，会元，状元）34. 殿试三鼎甲：状元榜眼探花35. 中国三大国粹：京剧中医中国画36. 三言：喻世明言警世通言醒世恒言（冯梦龙）37. 儒家经典三礼：周礼仪礼礼记38. 三吏：新安吏石壕吏潼关吏39. 三别：新婚别垂老别无家别40. 郭沫若“女神”三部曲：女神之再生湘果棠棣之花41. 茅盾“蚀”三部曲：幻灭动摇追求农村三部曲：春蚕秋收残冬42. 巴金“爱情”三部曲：雾雨电“激流”三部曲：家春秋43. 第一部国别史：国语44. 第一部记录谋臣策士门客言行的专集：战国策45. 第一部专记个人言行的历史散文：晏子春秋46. 第一位伟大的爱国诗人：屈原47. 第一首长篇叙事诗：孔雀东南飞（357句，1785字）48. 第一部文学批评专著：《典论·论文》（曹丕）49. 第一位田园诗人：东晋，陶渊明50. 第一部文学理论和评论专著：南北朝梁人刘勰的《文心雕龙》51. 第一部诗歌理论和评论专著：南北朝梁人钟嵘的《诗品》52. 第一部科普作品，以笔记体写成的综合性学术著作：北宋的沈括的《梦溪笔谈》53. 第一部日记体游记：明代的徐宏祖的《徐霞客游记》54. 第一位女词人，亦称“一代词宗”：李清照1. 我国第一部长篇讽刺小说：儒林外史2. 我国第一部介绍进化论的译作：严复译的赫胥黎的《天演论》，他是一个由不懂外，却成了翻译家的人。

翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试四川外国语大学2013年真题

缈昏瘧纭曞＋鑻辫瀛︿綅MTI鑰冭瘯鍥涘窛澶栧浗璇ぇ瀛?013骞寸湡棰?/div>(鎬诲垎锛?00.00锛屽仛棰樻椂闂达細90鍒嗛挓)涓€銆?font>鈪? Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the appropriate words derived from the words given in parentheses at the end of the sentences.(鎬婚鏁帮細10锛屽垎鏁帮細10.00)1.The government fretted that the 1 had illegally got the technology for making nuclearweapons. (terror)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歵errorists[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氭斂搴滄媴蹇冩亹鎬栧垎瀛愬凡缁忛€氳繃闈炴硶鎵嬫鑾峰緱浜嗗埗閫犳牳姝﹀櫒鐨勬妧鏈€傚緢鏄庢樉璇ヤ粠鍙ヤ腑缂哄皯涓€涓富璇紝鑰屽埗閫犳牳姝﹀櫒鐨勮偗瀹氭槸浜猴紝鍥犳鍙互鑲畾鏄亹鎬栧垎瀛愩€?/div>2.A recent study says women easily form negative attitude to other women, while on the otherhand men are more 1 of their peers. (tolerate)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歵olerable[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氭渶杩戠殑涓€椤圭爺绌惰〃鏄庡コ浜哄緢瀹规槗瀵瑰叾浠栫殑濂充汉褰㈡垚涓嶅ソ鐨勫嵃璞★紝鑰岀敺浜哄浠栦滑鐨勫悓鑳炴樉寰楄鏇村瀹广€傜敱while鍙煡杩欓噷琛ㄨ浆鎶橈紝鍗崇敺浜虹殑鎯呭喌鍜屽墠闈㈢殑涓嶄竴鏍凤紝鍐嶇敱are more鍙煡杩欓噷闇€瑕佷竴涓舰瀹硅瘝锛屽洜姝ゅ彲浠ョ‘璁よ繖閲岄渶瑕佸～tolerable銆?/div>3.A man of learning, if he does not wish to 1 himself, must never cease to participate inpublic affairs. (grade)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歞egrade[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬鏋滀竴涓湁瀛﹁瘑鐨勪汉涓嶆兂闄嶄綆鑷繁韬唤鐨勮瘽锛屼粬灏辫涓嶅仠鍦板弬涓庡埌鍏叡浜嬬墿涓潵銆傜敱杩欓噷鐨勪笉瀹氬紡缁撴瀯鍙煡闇€瑕佸～鍐欎竴涓姩璇嶏紝铏界劧grade涔熷彲浠ヤ綔鍔ㄨ瘝锛屼絾瀹冧綔鍔ㄨ瘝琛ㄧず鈥滆瘎鍒嗭紱鎶娾€︹€﹀垎绛夌骇鈥濈敤鍦ㄨ繖閲屽苟涓嶅悎閫傘€俤egrade琛ㄧず鈥滆船浣庯紱浣库€︹€︿涪鑴革紱浣库€︹€﹂檷绾э紱浣库€︹€﹂檷瑙ｂ€濄€?/div>4.Wastes only become pollutants when their levels rise to the point at which nature"s 1systems are overwhelmed and can no longer cope. (pure)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歱urification[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬彧鏈夊綋搴熺墿鐨勯噺瓒呰繃浜嗕竴瀹氱殑闄愬害浠ヨ嚦浜庡ぇ鑷劧鐨勮嚜鍑€绯荤粺涓嶈兘姝ｅ父杩愪綔鏃讹紝搴熺墿鎵嶄細鍙樻垚姹℃煋鐗┿€傝繖閲屾槸涓€涓悕璇嶇煭璇紝鍥犳瑕佺敤pure鐨勫悕璇嶅舰寮忋€俻urification system琛ㄧず鈥滆嚜鍑€绯荤粺鈥濄€?5.The child let out a scream and then shrieked 1. "Stop it! Stop it! You"re killing me!"(hysteria)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歨ysterically[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氶偅涓皬瀛╂瓏鏂簳閲岃埇鍦板皷鍙潃锛氣€滀笉瑕侊紝涓嶈锛屼笉瑕佹潃鎴?鈥濊繖閲岄渶瑕佷竴涓瘝鏉ヤ慨楗皊hriek锛屼竴鑸敤鍓瘝鏉ヤ慨楗板姩璇嶏紝鎵€浠ヨ鐢ㄥ叾鍓瘝褰㈠紡銆俬ysterically琛ㄧず鈥滄瓏鏂簳閲屽湴鈥濄€?/div> 6.Apart from adding to the economic 1 of society, unemployment results in dissatisfied andfrustrated individuals who are forced by circumstances to remain unproductive. (balance)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歩mbalance[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬け涓氶櫎浜嗕細澧炲姞绀句細鐨勭粡娴庝笉骞宠涔嬪锛岃繕浼氶€犳垚浜轰滑鐨勪笉婊″拰澶辨湜锛屽洜涓轰粬浠彈澶变笟鎵€杩笉鑳藉垱閫犵浉搴旂殑浠峰€笺€傞鍏堢敱鍙ュ瓙缁撴瀯鍒ゆ柇杩欓噷闇€瑕佷竴涓悕璇嶏紝鍐嶆牴鎹彞鎰忓彲鐭ュけ涓氫細瀵艰嚧缁忔祹涓嶅钩琛★紝鍥犳瑕佸～imbalance銆?/div>7.What he wants to spell out in his book is the corruption of the rich and their 1 desirefor more money and power. (satiate)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歩nsatiate[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氫粬鎯冲湪涔︿腑闃愯堪鐨勬槸瀵屼汉浠殑鑵愯触浠ュ強浠栦滑瀵逛簬閲戦挶鍜屾潈鍒╂案涓嶆弧瓒崇殑娆叉湜銆傞鍏堢敱鍙ュ瓙缁撴瀯鍒ゆ柇杩欓噷闇€瑕佷竴涓舰瀹硅瘝锛屽啀鏍规嵁鍙ユ剰鍙煡锛屽瘜浜轰滑鏄椽寰楁棤鍘岋紝姘歌繙涓嶇煡婊¤冻鐨勶紝鍥犳瑕佺敤satiate鐨勫弽涔夊舰瀹硅瘝銆俰nsatiate琛ㄧず鈥滀笉鐭ヨ冻鐨勨€濄€?/div>8.The one industry 1 by the general depression of trade is the beauty industry becauseAmerican women continue to spend on their faces and bodies. (affect)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歶naffected[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬敮涓€涓€涓湭鍙楄锤鏄撳ぇ钀ф潯褰卞搷鐨勪骇涓氬氨鏄編瀹逛笟锛屽洜涓虹編鍥藉濂充粛鐒跺湪浠栦滑澶栬矊涓婅姳璐逛簡寰堝銆傜敱鍚庡崐鍙ョ編鍥藉濂充粛鐒跺湪浠栦滑澶栬矊涓婅姳璐逛簡寰堝鍙煡缇庡涓氭槸鏈彈璐告槗钀ф潯鐨勫奖鍝嶇殑銆備絾瑕佹敞鎰弖naffected鍜宒isaffected鐨勫尯鍒紝unaffected琛ㄧず鈥滀笉鍙楀奖鍝嶇殑锛涜嚜鐒剁殑锛涚湡鎸氱殑锛涗笉鐭弶閫犱綔鐨勨€濓紝鑰宒isaffected琛ㄧず鈥滀笉婊＄殑锛涙湁鍙涙剰鐨勶紱鎰ゆ劋涓嶅钩鐨勨€濄€?/div>9.The most 1 and largest German liner to be built since the war was launched at Hamburg.(luxury)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歭uxurious[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氭垬鍚庡痉鍥芥渶澶ф渶璞崕鐨勭彮杞湪姹夊牎寮€寤轰簡銆傜敱the most and the largest鍙煡杩欓噷闇€瑕佷竴涓舰瀹硅瘝锛宭uxury鐨勫舰瀹硅瘝褰㈠紡涓簂uxurious锛岃〃绀衡€滃ア渚堢殑锛涗赴瀵岀殑锛涙斁绾电殑锛涚壒绾х殑鈥濄€?/div> 10.Women predominate in the lower-paying, menial, unrewarding, dead-end jobs, and when theydo reach better positions, they are 1 paid less than a man for the same job. (vary)锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歩nvariably[瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬濂抽暱涔呬互鏉ヤ竴鐩翠粠浜嬬潃鎶ラ叕浣庡粔锛屽崙寰紝绱㈢劧鏃犲懗鐨勫伐浣滐紝浣嗗綋浠栦滑鏈夋満浼氳幏寰椾竴浠芥洿濂界殑宸ヤ綔鏃讹紝鎵€寰楃殑宸ヨ祫鍗存瘮鍚屼竴宀椾綅涓婄殑鐢峰悓浜嬭灏戙€傝繖閲岄渶瑕佷竴涓壇璇嶆潵淇グ鍔ㄨ瘝are paid锛屽啀鐢卞彞鎰忓彲鐭ヤ粬浠墍寰楃殑鎶ラ叕鎬绘槸姣旂敺鍚屼簨瑕佷綆锛屾墍浠ュ簲鐢╥nvariably銆?/div>浜屻€?font>鈪? For each sentence below there are four choices A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that BEST completes the sentence. Then write the correct letter on the Answer Sheet. (鎬婚鏁帮細20锛屽垎鏁帮細20.00)11.The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ______ of vegetables in the comingyear.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.scarcity 鈭?/span>B.varietyC.rarityD.invalidity瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氫竴鍦烘毚椋庨洦甯嵎浜嗚鍖哄煙锛屽苟涓斾細瀵艰嚧鏄庡勾钄彍渚涘簲鐨勪笉瓒炽€俿carcity琛ㄧず鈥滀笉瓒筹紱缂轰箯鈥濓紝variety琛ㄧず鈥滃鏍凤紱绉嶇被锛涙潅鑰嶏紱鍙樺寲锛屽鏍峰寲鈥濓紝rarity琛ㄧず鈥滅綍瑙侊紱鐝嶈吹锛涚弽鍝?闇€鐢ㄥ鏁?锛涚█钖勨€濓紝invalidity琛ㄧず鈥滄棤鏁堬紝鏃犱环鍊尖€濄€傝繖閲岃娉ㄦ剰鍖哄垎scarcity鍜宺arity杩欎袱涓瘝锛岄兘琛ㄧず涓嶅鐨勬剰鎬濓紝浣嗕竴涓己璋冧笉瓒筹紝鍙︿竴涓己璋冪弽璐点€?/div>12.The connoisseurs" opinions differed greatly as to the question whether the picture onshow was a (n) ______ Picasso painting.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.explicitB.reliableC.stringentD.authentic 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氳嚦浜庡睍鍑虹殑杩欏箙鐢绘槸涓嶆槸姣曞姞绱㈢殑鐪熷搧锛岄壌璧忓浠剰瑙佷笉涓€銆俥xplicit琛ㄧず鈥滄槑纭殑锛涙竻妤氱殑锛涚洿鐜囩殑锛涜杩扮殑鈥濓紝reliable琛ㄧず鈥滃彲闈犵殑锛涘彲淇¤禆鐨勨€濓紝stringent琛ㄧず鈥滀弗鍘夌殑锛涜揩鍒囩殑锛涢摱鏍圭揣鐨勨€濓紝authentic琛ㄧず鈥滅湡姝ｇ殑锛岀湡瀹炵殑锛涘彲淇＄殑鈥濄€?/div>13.Today surgery is more concerned with repairing and ______ functions than with the removalof organs.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.redesigningB.reviewingC.restoring 鈭?/span>D.reserving瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氱幇鍦ㄧ殑澶栫鎵嬫湳鏇村鐨勬槸鍏虫敞淇籍鍜屾仮澶嶅櫒瀹樺師鏈夌殑鍔熻兘鑰屼笉鏄幓鎺夋煇浜涘櫒瀹樸€俽edesign琛ㄧず鈥滈噸鏂拌璁♀€濓紝review琛ㄧず鈥滃洖椤撅紱澶嶄範锛涜瘎璁猴紱妫€璁紱妫€闃呪€濓紝restore琛ㄧず鈥滄仮澶嶏紱淇锛涘綊杩樷€濓紝reserve琛ㄧず鈥滃偍澶囷紱淇濈暀锛涢绾︹€濄€?/div>14.The effect is ______, he said, because sleep-restricted people report not feeling sleepy,even though their performance on tasks declines markedly.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.pennissiveB.permissibleC.permutableD.pernicious 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬畠鐨勫奖鍝嶆槸鎭舵€у惊鐜殑锛屽洜涓烘嵁璋冩煡锛岄暱鏈熺己涔忕潯鐪犵殑浜哄敖绠″叾宸ヤ綔鑳藉姏鏄庢樉涓嬮檷鍗存病鏈夊洶鎰忋€俻ennissive娌℃湁杩欐牱鐨勫崟璇嶏紝permissible琛ㄧず鈥滃彲鍏佽鐨勶紱鑾峰緱鍑嗚鐨勨€濓紝permutable琛ㄧず鈥滃彲鎺掑垪鐨勶紱鑳戒氦鎹㈢殑鈥濓紝pernicious琛ㄧず鈥滄湁瀹崇殑锛涙伓鎬х殑锛涜嚧鍛界殑锛涢櫓鎭剁殑鈥濄€?/div>15.All human communication experts agree that we use both verbal and nonverbal methods to______ message to each other.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.transferB.convertC.modifyD.convey 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氭墍浠ヤ汉闄呬氦娴佺殑涓撳閮借禐鍚屾垜浠悓鏃朵娇鐢ㄨ瑷€鍜岄潪璇█鐨勬柟寮忔潵浼犻€掍俊鎭€倀ransfer琛ㄧず鈥滆浆璁╋紱杞锛涙崲杞︹€濓紝convert琛ㄧず鈥滀娇杞彉锛涜浆鎹⑩€︹€︼紱浣库€︹€︽敼鍙樹俊浠扳€濓紝modify琛ㄧず鈥滀慨鏀癸紝淇グ锛涙洿鏀光€濓紝convey琛ㄧず鈥滀紶杈撅紱杩愯緭锛涜涓庘€濄€?/div> 16.With its power of displaying a reality that has no ______ existence, the mirror couldsymbolize the mystery of the universe.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.unrealB.surrealC.tangible 鈭?/span>D.pragmatic瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氱敱浜庡彲浠ュ睍绀轰笉鍙Е纰扮殑涓栫晫锛岄暅瀛愯兘澶熻薄寰佸畤瀹欑殑绁炵銆倁nreal琛ㄧず鈥滀笉鐪熷疄鐨勶紱鍋囩殑锛涘够鎯崇殑锛涜櫄鏋勭殑鈥濓紝surreal琛ㄧず鈥滆秴鐜板疄涓讳箟鐨勶紱绂诲鐨勶紱涓嶇湡瀹炵殑鈥濓紝tangible琛ㄧず鈥滄湁褰㈢殑锛涘垏瀹炵殑锛涘彲瑙︽懜鐨勨€濓紝pragmatic琛ㄧず鈥滃疄闄呯殑锛涘疄鐢ㄤ富涔夌殑锛涘浗浜嬬殑鈥濄€?/div>17.Job fairs are usually very lively and informal, and you can roam ______, surveying what is on offer and gathering literature on jobs you might not have considered in the everydayrun of things.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.at restB.at peaceC.at leisure 鈭?/span>D.at speed瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氭嫑鑱樹細閫氬父寰堟椿璺冭€屼笖涓嶅お姝ｅ紡锛屼綘鍙互鎮犻棽鍦版极娓稿叾闂达紝鐪嬬湅鎻愪緵鐨勬湁浜涗粈涔堝矖浣嶏紝鎼滈泦涓€浜涘钩鏃跺彲鑳芥病娉ㄦ剰鍒扮殑灏变笟淇℃伅銆傝繖閲岃€冩煡瀵瑰嚑涓瘝缁勭殑杈ㄦ瀽锛宎t rest琛ㄧず鈥滈潤姝紱浼戞伅锛涘畨鐪犫€濓紝at peace琛ㄧず鈥滃浜庡拰骞崇姸鎬佲€濓紝at leisure琛ㄧず鈥滀粠瀹瑰湴锛涢棽鐫€鍦扳€濓紝at speed琛ㄧず鈥滆繀閫熷湴锛岄珮閫熷湴鈥濓紝鐢眗oam鍙煡锛屽彧鏈塧t leisure鏈€鍚堥€傘€?/div>18.In children"s story books, a policeman is sometimes depicted as a ______ figure but, as amatter of fact, he is very helpful in enforcing law and order.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.pompous 鈭?/span>B.courageousC.gallantD.staunch瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬湪瀛╁瓙浠殑鏁呬簨涔︿腑锛岃瀵熻鎻忕粯鎴愯嚜澶ф诞澶哥殑褰㈣薄銆備絾浜嬪疄涓婁粬浠浜庣淮鎶ゆ硶寰嬪拰娌诲畨杩樻槸寰堟湁甯姪鐨勩€傝繖閲岃娉ㄦ剰杞姌璇峛ut锛屾墍浠ut鍓嶈鐨勫簲璇ユ槸璀﹀療涓嶅ソ鐨勬柟闈紝鑰屽湪鎵€缁欑殑鍑犱釜璇嶄腑锛屽彧鏈塸ompous鏄船涔夌殑銆俻ompous琛ㄧず鈥滆嚜澶х殑锛涙诞澶哥殑锛涘崕鑰屼笉瀹炵殑锛涚埍鐐€€鐨勨€濓紝courageous琛ㄧず鈥滄湁鑳嗛噺鐨勶紝鍕囨暍鐨勨€濓紝gallant琛ㄧず鈥滆嫳鍕囩殑锛屽媷鏁㈢殑锛涘崕涓界殑锛涢泟浼熺殑鈥濓紝staunch琛ㄧず鈥滃潥瀹氱殑锛涘繝璇氱殑锛涘潥鍥虹殑鈥濄€?/div>19.The motion picture is only a series of still photographs which are ______ and viewed inrapid succession to create the illusion of movement and continuity.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.slicedB.spliced 鈭?/span>C.splitD.spilt瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氱數褰卞彧鏄竴绯诲垪鐨勯潤鎬佺収鐗囧彔鍔犲湪涓€璧凤紝蹇€熷湴娴忚杩囧幓灏变細浜х敓涓€绉嶅姩鎬佸拰杩炵画鐨勯敊瑙夈€俿lice琛ㄧず鈥滃垏涓嬶紱鎶娾€︹€﹀垎鎴愰儴鍒嗭紱灏嗏€︹€﹀垏鎴愯杽鐗団€濓紝splice琛ㄧず鈥滄嫾鎺ワ紱鎺ュ悎锛涗娇缁撳鈥濓紝split琛ㄧず鈥滃垎绂伙紱浣垮垎绂伙紱鍔堝紑锛涚寮€锛涘垎瑙ｂ€濓紝spill琛ㄧず鈥滀娇婧㈠嚭锛屼娇娴佸嚭锛涗娇鎽斾笅鈥濄€?/div>20.There are certain pairs of words which illustrate the way in which sexual connotations are given to feminine words while the masculine words retain a serious businesslike ______.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.lookB.auraC.sensationD.facade 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氭湁涓€浜涜瘝琛ㄦ槑浜嗕竴浜涘叧浜庡コ鎬х殑璇嶆槸鍖呭惈鎬у唴娑电殑锛岃€屼竴浜涚敺鎬ц瘝鍗存樉寰楀緢姝ｅ紡锛屽氨鍍忓叾澶栬〃涓€鏍枫€俵ook琛ㄧず鈥滅湅锛涙牱瀛愶紱闈㈠鈥濓紝aura琛ㄧず鈥滃厜鐜紱姘旀皼锛?涓绛夌殑)棰勫厗锛涙皵鍛斥€濓紝sensation琛ㄧず鈥滄劅瑙夛紱杞板姩锛涙劅鍔ㄢ€濓紝facade鈥滄闈紱琛ㄩ潰锛涘瑙傗€濄€?/div>21.In their productions, choreographers of modern dance have introduced humor, protestedsocial injustice, and ______ psychological problems.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.solvedB.exacerbated 鈭?/span>C.probedD.interfered瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬湪鍒朵綔杩囩▼涓紝鐜颁唬鑸炵殑缂栬垶鑰呭悜浠栦滑浠嬬粛浜嗗菇榛橈紝鍙嶅绀句細涓嶅叕锛屼互鍙婁笉鏂伓鍖栫殑蹇冪悊闂銆俿olved琛ㄧず鈥滆В鍐充簡鐨勨€濓紝exacerbated琛ㄧず鈥滃姞閲嶇殑锛屾伓鍖栫殑鈥濓紝probed琛ㄧず鈥滆皟鏌ョ殑鈥濓紝interfered琛ㄧず鈥滃Θ纰嶇殑锛屽共娑夌殑鈥濄€?/div>22.Right up until the 19th century, physicians and philosophers regarded sleep as a state ofnear ______ in which there was no mental activity, a kind of halfway stage betweenwakefulness and death.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.oblivion 鈭?/span>B.fantasyC.allusionD.illusion瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氱洿鍒?0涓栫邯锛屽唴绉戝尰鐢熷拰鍝插瀹朵滑杩樺皢鐫＄湢褰撲綔涓€绉嶈繎浼间簬绁炲織涓嶆竻鐨勭姸鎬侊紝杩欐椂鍊欐病鏈夋€濈淮娲诲姩锛屽氨鍍忓浜庤閱掑拰姝讳骸涔嬮棿鐨勪竴绉嶇姸鎬佷竴鏍枫€俹blivion鈥滅蹇椾笉娓咃紝閬楀繕鈥濓紝fantasy鈥滃够鎯筹紱鐧芥棩姊︼紱骞昏鈥濓紝allusion鈥滄殫绀猴紱鎻愬強鈥濓紝illusion鈥滃够瑙夛紝閿欒锛涢敊璇殑瑙傚康鎴栦俊浠扳€濄€?/div>23.Associated with the issue of enabling older people to be active participants in a country"s development is the need for lifelong learning programs to ______ members of theageing population to find employment.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.empower 鈭?/span>B.entrustC.embedD.entice瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氳鑰佸勾浜烘垚涓哄浗瀹跺缓璁惧彂灞曠殑绉瀬鍙備笌鑰呮槸缁堢敓瀛︿範椤圭洰鐨勯渶瑕侊紝瀹冭兘浣胯€佸勾浜烘壘鍒颁竴浠藉悎閫傜殑宸ヤ綔銆俥mpower鈥滄巿鏉冿紝鍏佽锛涗娇鑳藉鈥濓紝entrust鈥滃鎵橈紝淇℃墭鈥濓紝embed鈥滄牻绉嶏紱浣垮祵鍏ワ紝浣挎彃鍏ワ紱浣挎繁鐣欒剳涓€濓紝entice鈥滆浣匡紱鎬傛伩鈥濄€?/div>24.The parents are ______ towards the issue as to whether their child should walk to schoolor the father should drive him to school.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.ambivalent 鈭?/span>B.ambiguousC.arbitraryD.approximate瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬浜庡瀛愭槸搴旇姝ヨ涓婂杩樻槸鐢辩埗浜插紑杞﹂€佷粬浠笂瀛﹁繖涓€闂锛屽闀夸滑鎸佷笉鍚屾剰瑙併€俛mbivalent琛ㄧず鈥滅煕鐩剧殑锛涘ソ鎭剁浉鍏嬬殑鈥濓紝ambiguous琛ㄧず鈥滄ā绯婁笉娓呯殑锛涘紩璧锋涔夌殑鈥濓紝arbitrary琛ㄧず鈥滀换鎰忕殑锛涙鏂殑锛涗笓鍒剁殑鈥濓紝approximate琛ㄧず鈥滆繎浼肩殑锛涘ぇ姒傜殑鈥濄€?/div> 25.However, there is some evidence that culturally ______ management result in higher andbetter business performance as well as increased competitiveness.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.congenitalB.coincidentC.contingent 鈭?/span>D.congruent瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氱劧鑰屼竴浜涜瘉鎹嵈琛ㄦ槑渚濇嵁涓嶅悓鐨勬枃鍖栨潵杩涜绠＄悊浼氬甫鏉ユ洿楂樻洿濂界殑鍟嗕笟琛ㄧ幇锛屽苟鑳芥彁鍗囩珵浜夊姏銆俢ongenital琛ㄧず鈥滃厛澶╃殑锛屽ぉ鐢熺殑锛涘ぉ璧嬬殑鈥濓紝coincident琛ㄧず鈥滀竴鑷寸殑锛涚鍚堢殑锛涘悓鏃跺彂鐢熺殑鈥濓紝contingent琛ㄧず鈥滃洜鎯呭喌鑰屽紓鐨勶紱涓嶄竴瀹氱殑锛涘伓鐒跺彂鐢熺殑鈥濓紝congruent琛ㄧず鈥滈€傚悎鐨勶紝涓€鑷寸殑锛涘叏绛夌殑锛涘拰璋愮殑鈥濄€?/div>26.All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons______ slowly into the sky.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.ascending 鈭?/span>B.elevatingC.escalatingD.increasing瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬綋浜轰滑鐪嬪埌鎴愬崈涓婄櫨鐨勫僵鑹叉皵鐞冪紦鎱㈠湴鍗囦笂澶╃┖鐨勬椂鍊欙紝浣撹偛鍦哄唴鐨勬墍鏈変汉閮藉紑濮嬫鍛艰捣鏉ャ€俛scend琛ㄧず鈥滀笂鍗囷紱鐧婚珮锛涜拷婧€濓紝鍙綔涓嶅強鐗╁姩璇嶏紝elevate琛ㄧず鈥滄彁鍗囷紱涓捐捣锛涙尟濂嬫儏缁瓑锛涙彁鍗団€︹€︾殑鑱屼綅鈥濓紝escalate琛ㄧず鈥滀娇鈥︹€﹀姞鍓э紱鍔犲墽鈥濓紝increase琛ㄧず鈥滃鍔狅紝澧為暱锛屾彁楂樷€濄€?/div>27.His office is ______ to the President"s; it usually takes him about three minutes to getthere.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.relatedB.adhesiveC.adherentD.adjacent 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氫粬鐨勫姙鍏绂绘€荤粺鍔炲叕瀹ゅ緢杩戯紝浠栭€氬父鍙3鍒嗛挓灏辫兘璧板埌閭ｉ噷銆俽elated琛ㄧず鈥滄湁鍏崇郴鐨勶紝鏈夊叧鑱旂殑锛涜杩扮殑锛屽彊杩扮殑鈥濓紝adhesive琛ㄧず鈥滅矘鐫€鐨勶紱甯︾矘鎬х殑鈥濓紝adherent琛ㄧず鈥滈檮鐫€鐨勶紱绮樼潃鐨勨€濓紝adjacent琛ㄧず鈥滈偦杩戠殑锛屾瘲杩炵殑鈥濓紝adjacent to涓庝复杩戯紱涓庯紱涓磋繎锛涢偦杩戠殑銆?/div>28.These melodious folk songs are generally ______ to Smith, a very important musician ofthe century.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>mittedB.contributedC.ascribed 鈭?/span>posed瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氳繖浜涗紭缇庣殑姘戞瓕閮芥槸鍙插瘑鏂墍鍒涳紝浠栨槸鏈笘绾潪甯搁噸瑕佺殑涓€浣嶉煶涔愬銆俢ommit锛岃〃绀衡€滅姱缃紝鍋氶敊浜嬶紱鎶娾€︹€︿氦鎵樼粰锛涙寚娲锯€︹€︿綔鎴橈紱浣库€︹€︽壙鎷呬箟鍔♀€濓紝contribute琛ㄧず鈥滆础鐚紝鍑哄姏锛涙姇绋匡紱鎹愮尞鈥濓紝ascribe琛ㄧず鈥滃綊鍥犱簬锛涘綊鍜庝簬鈥濓紝compose琛ㄧず鈥滄瀯鎴愶紱鍐欎綔锛涗娇骞抽潤锛涙帓鈥︹€︾殑鐗堚€濓紝铏界劧compose鏈夊垱浣滅殑鎰忔€濓紝浣嗘病鏈塩ompose to杩欐牱鐨勭敤娉曪紝ascribe to琛ㄧず鈥滃皢鈥︹€﹀綊鍥犱簬锛屽皢鈥︹€﹀綊灞炰簬鈥濄€?/div>29.As a gifted writer, an ______ politician, a penetrating thinker, he stood far above theintellectual movement of which he become the leader.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.inherentB.ingenious 鈭?/span>C.indigenousD.indulgent瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氫綔涓轰竴涓ぉ璧嬬寮傜殑浣滃锛屼竴涓澃鍑虹殑鏀挎不瀹讹紝涓€涓繁閭冪殑鎬濇兂瀹讹紝浠栬繙杩滆秴鍑轰簡浠栨墍棰嗗鐨勬枃鍖栬繍鍔ㄦ湰韬€俰nberent琛ㄧず鈥滃浐鏈夌殑锛涘唴鍦ㄧ殑锛涗笌鐢熶勘鏉ョ殑锛岄仐浼犵殑鈥濓紝ingenious琛ㄧず鈥滄湁鐙垱鎬х殑锛涙満鐏电殑锛岀簿鍒剁殑锛涘績鐏垫墜宸х殑鈥濓紝indigenous琛ㄧず鈥滄湰鍦熺殑锛涘湡钁楃殑锛涘浗浜х殑锛涘浐鏈夌殑鈥濓紝indulgent琛ㄧず鈥滄斁绾电殑锛涘瀹圭殑锛涗换鎬х殑鈥濄€?/div>30.At the inaugural address yesterday the President got his most enthusiastic ______applause when he talked about tax cuts which would help revive the economy.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.simultaneousB.spontaneous 鈭?/span>C.homogenousD.heterogeneous瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 鍙ユ剰锛氬湪鏄ㄥぉ鐨勫氨鑱屾紨璁蹭腑锛屽綋鎬荤粺璋堝埌鎸叴缁忔祹鐨勫噺绋庢斂绛栨椂锛屼粬鑾峰緱浜嗘皯浼楄嚜鍙戠殑锛屾渶鐑儓鐨勬帉澹般€俿imultaneous琛ㄧず鈥滃悓鏃剁殑锛涜仈绔嬬殑锛涘悓鏃跺彂鐢熺殑鈥濓紝spontaneous琛ㄧず鈥滆嚜鍙戠殑锛涜嚜鐒剁殑锛涙棤鎰忚瘑鐨勨€濓紝homogenous琛ㄧず鈥滃悓璐ㄧ殑锛涘悓绫荤殑鈥濓紝heterogeneous琛ㄧず鈥滃鐩哥殑锛涘紓绉嶇殑锛沎鍖栧]涓嶅潎鍖€鐨勶紱鐢变笉鍚屾垚鍒嗗舰鎴愮殑鈥濄€?/div>涓夈€?b>Part 鈪?Reading Comprehension(鎬婚鏁帮細3锛屽垎鏁帮細40.00)A One of the most pivotal moments in American literature occurred near the end of thenineteenth century as authors such as a young man named Stephen Crane began to embrace a literary style forged in Europe a bit earlier and which would come to be known as naturalism. Crane was born to parents in the ministry and grew up in a household grounded in religious beliefs and context. Yet, before long, Crane had, for the most part, rejected religion and the idea of divine intervention in favor of a more hands-on approach to the world. As he began to develop as a writer, naturalist themes of man versus nature, the unrelenting power of nature, and an objective view of the world began to dominate his writing. Naturalists attempted to depict the most accurate view of life unadulterated and unobstructed by external commentary or spiritual intervention. Ultimately, Crane"s masterful short story The Open Boat stands as one of the most complete and developed works of thenaturalist genre.B The first apparent element of naturalism in The Open Boat is its subject matter鈥攁shipwreck. Being as true to life as possible is one of the most common goals of a naturalistic writer, and, in this short story, Crane is no exception. It did not come from Crane"s imagination. Rather, it stemmed from his personal experience. As a young war reporter, Crane was on his way from Florida to Cuba when his vessel, the Commodore, encountered a violent tempest. Within hours, the ship had sunk, leaving a few lucky survivors on a tiny lifeboat to be subjected to the fury of nature. Throughout the story, Crane depicts scene after scene as if they were snapshots or a short film of what the men in the boat were up against. Through his prose, Crane is able to reveal the unadulterated,brutal realism manifest in nature itself.C At the end of the story, the men"s realization of the strength of nature helps them toovercome their fear of drowning and accept the death of the oiler. The men are afraid of drowning, which is evident when they recite, "If I am going to be drowned鈥?" This is recited at three different times, before and during their long night out on the boat, thus suggesting that the men are afraid of drowning. During the long night, "A high cold star on a winter"s night is the word he feels that she says to him. Thereafter he knows the pathos of his situation." Each man realizes that nature is greater than him; therefore, each man understands that he must endure whatever nature throws at him. Also, during this night on the boat, each man comes to the conclusion that his fate is in the hands of nature, in the morning, the men see that they will not be rescued by anyone. As a result of their understanding of their situation that is acquired during the night about the might of nature, they are able to overcome their fear of drowning, and thus death.D Prior to the time when the men jump out of the boat, "the correspondent, observing the others, knew that they were not afraid." The men, because they understand the strength of nature, are able to conquer their fear of death. The men accept their fate; whatever it may be. "There were no hurried words, no pallor, no plain agitation. The men simply looked atthe shore."The correspondent, in the face of mortal peril before leaving the boat, is also not afraid of dying, "it merely occurred to him that if he should drown it would be a shame." When the men swim onto shore, they know that they may die or just as easily live; the outcome is out of their control. Thus, it comes as no surprise to the men when they see one of their comrades, the oiler, dead. The fact that he is the strongest of the men when he "was swimming strongly and rapidly," further shows the power of nature that the men have come to realize. The men"s understanding of nature allows them to overcome their fear of death bydrowning and make a run at the shore without trepidation.E As Crane continues with the theme of man versus nature in The Open Boat , the element ofpessimism, crucial to any naturalistic work, becomes quite apparent. The men are at the mercy of the storms and the seas and cannot do much to save themselves. In this sense, Crane reveals the indifference of nature and the universe in relation to the life or plight of human beings in general. It is obvious to him that angels will not swoop down and save the unfortunate men. The situation of the shipwreck is ideal because ordinary, everyday people must face an extreme situation from which it is more than likely that they will perish. Crane continually creates a mood of impending doom and the punishing nature of the universe throughout the story. Along the way, he provides little commentary on the situation, forcing readers to place themselves immediately in the boat with the men while enforcing the dark tone of the story. But, even to Crane and most naturalist writers, all is not lost. Though the outcome is bleak, Crane does add a glimmer of hope to the story. While in general the individual may seem insignificant in the grand scheme or the universe or to nature itself; Crane instills the importance or camaraderie in the story. For instance, all the sailors cast their ranks aside and help each other swim to shore for safety. In order to survive, the individuals in the boat must cooperate and help each other against the forces of nature.Together they have some dominion of control over their fate, but less so individually. Though they are isolated out among the waves in sight of shore, they remain unified in their struggle for survival, which undermines the predominant pessimistic outlook or the story asa whole.F While Crane"s work The Open Boat is a dark account of a chance situation that turns fatal for many, but not all, of the crew of the Commodore, it also sets forth the main elements of a naturalistic literary work at the turn of the twentieth century. Despite the fact thatnature can be unrelenting and compassionless towards humans at any given moment, Crane ultimately shows how individuals still always have the capacity to strive together to overcome hardships and disasters. Furthermore, the accuracy and detail by Crone shun any possibility of a sugarcoated reality and reveal the true ferocity of nature as it is. Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1? Onyour Answer Sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVERN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this.锛堝垎鏁帮細10.00锛?/div>(1).In Crane"s view, nature is merciless to human sufferings.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歒ES[瑙ｆ瀽] 鑷劧涓讳箟鐨勪竴涓緢閲嶈鐨勭壒寰佸氨鏄〃鐜板ぇ鑷劧鐨勬棤绌峰姏閲忥紝琛ㄦ槑浜虹被鏃犳硶涓庤嚜鐒舵姉琛°€傜敱E娈典腑鐨処n this sense, Crane reveals the indifference of nature and the universe in relation to the life or plight of human beings in general. It is obvious to him that angels will not swoop down and save the unfortunate men.鍙互鐪嬪嚭浠栬涓哄ぇ鑷劧瀵逛簬浜虹被鐨勮嫤闅炬槸鏃犲姩浜庤》鐨勩€?(2).Naturalists" view of life was often obstructed by spirituality.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div> 瑙ｆ瀽锛歂O[瑙ｆ瀽] 鐢盇娈典腑鐨凬aturalists attempted to depict the most accurate view of life unadulterated and unobstructed by external commentary or spiritual intervention锛庡彲浠ョ湅鍑鸿嚜鐒朵富涔夎€呬滑瀵逛簬浜虹敓鐨勬€佸害涓嶄細鍙楃簿绁炵殑骞叉壈銆?/div> (3).A negative outlook on life and events is a major theme of The Open Boat .锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歒ES [瑙ｆ瀽] 鍦ㄨ繖鏈功涓紝浣滆€呭瀹炲湴鎻忓啓浜嗛偅娆℃捣闅惧彂鐢熺殑鍏ㄨ繃绋嬨€傜敱E娈电涓€鍙ヨ瘽As Crane continues with the theme of man versus nature in Theopen Boat锛宼he element of pessimism, crucial to any naturalistic work, becomes quite apparent. 鍙互鐪嬪嚭瀵逛汉鐢熺殑娑堟瀬鎬佸害涔熸槸鏈功鐨勪富鏃ㄤ箣涓€銆?/div> (4).Naturalists placed more emphasis on representing life as it appeared to them.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歂OT GIVERN[瑙ｆ瀽] 璇ヨ杩板湪鏂囦腑鏈彁鍒般€?/div>(5).In The Open Boat , Crane attempts to address his own spiritual beliefs to his readers.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>瑙ｆ瀽锛歂O[瑙ｆ瀽] 鐢盓娈典腑鐨凙long the way, he provides little commentary on the situation, forcing readers to place themselves immediately in the boat with the men while enforcing the dark tone of the story. 鍙互鐪嬪嚭锛屼綔鑰呭苟娌℃湁鎬ヤ簬璇勮鎴栬〃杈捐嚜宸卞浜虹敓鐨勭湅娉曪紝浠栧彧鏄敖鍙兘鐪熷疄鐨勬弿鍐欙紝鐒跺悗璁╄鑰呰嚜宸卞幓鎬濊€冿紝鍘绘劅鎮熴€?/div>(6).For each question below, choose the answer that best completes the sentence. Then writethe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Which of the following can be inferred from this passage about Stephen Crane?锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.He enjoyed the ministry and listening to preachersB.He did not enjoy writing when he was youngC.He was rivaled by no other author of his timeD.He was not in tune with the beliefs of his parents 鈭?/span>瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 杩欐槸涓€閬撶粏鑺傞锛屼俊鎭富瑕侀泦涓湪绗竴娈点€侰rane had, for the most part, rejected religion and the idea of divine intervention in favor of a more hands-on approach to the world.鍙煡锛孋rane鏄弽瀵瑰畻鏁欑殑锛屼粬鎯充翰鑷幓浣撻獙杩欎釜涓栫晫鑰屼笉鏄粠瀹楁暀鐨勮搴﹀幓鐪嬪緟杩欎釜涓栫晫锛岀敱姝ゅ彲瑙佷粬涓庣埗姣嶇殑淇′话鏄笉鍚岀殑銆?/div>(7).According to this passage, The Open Boat is important as a naturalist work because ---|||________|||---.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.it is a true account based on Crane"s own personal experience 鈭?/span>B.it is based on a series of events in a shipwreck that Crane heard ofC.it reveals that the isolation of an individual is a dangerous tacticD.it does not attempt to glorify Crane"s heroism against nature瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 杩欐槸涓€閬撴帹鐞嗛锛岀敱绗簩娈典腑鐨凚eing as true to life as possible is one of the most common goals of a naturalistic writer. 鍙煡鐪熷疄鎬у浜庤嚜鐒朵富涔夌殑灏忚鏄潪甯搁噸瑕佺殑锛岃€? The Open Boat杩欐湰涔︽濂芥槸渚濇嵁浣滆€呯殑浜茶韩缁忓巻鑰屽啓鎴愮殑锛屽洜姝ゅ畠鐗瑰埆绗﹀悎鑷劧涓讳箟灏忚鐨勮姹傚拰鐗瑰緛銆?/div> (8).The author discusses nature in paragraph C in order to ---|||________|||---.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.show that nature is always a strong support for people in plightB.prove that it is a futile effort to fight against the forces of nature 鈭?/span>C.highlight the importance of mutual efforts in surviving a disasterD.reveal Crane"s belief that only divine intervention can save humanity瑙ｆ瀽锛歔瑙ｆ瀽] 杩欐槸涓€閬撴帹鐞嗛锛屽彲鐢ㄦ帓闄ゆ硶鏉ュ仛銆傞鍏圓椤逛笌鍘熸枃鏄笉绗︾殑锛屽ぇ鑷劧骞舵病鏈夊府鍔╅偅浜涙繁闄峰洶澧冧腑鐨勪汉銆侰椤逛腑鐨刴utual efforts鍦ㄥ師鏂囦腑骞舵病鏈夋彁鍒般€侱椤逛篃涓庡師鏂囦笉绗︼紝Crane鏄弽瀵筪ivine intervention鐨勶紝鎵€浠ュ彧鑳介€夋嫨B椤广€?/div>(9).Besides shipwreck, another naturalistic element of The Open Boat is manifest in ---|||________|||---.锛堝垎鏁帮細1.00锛?/div>A.placing the reader in the midst of the plight of the characters 鈭?/span>B.depicting a bleak scene in a more or less light tone。