组织行为学英文版(第13版)ch05
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Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5-7
LO 2
Describe the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality Framework and Its Strengths and Weaknesses
One of the most widely used personality frameworks is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Individuals are classified as: Extroverted or Introverted (E or I) Sensing or Intuitive (S or N) Thinking or Feeling (T or F) Perceiving or Judging (P or J) INTJs are visionaries. ESTJs are organizers. ENTPs are conceptualizers.
LO 4
Demonstrate How The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work
5-11
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 4
Demonstrate How The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5-13
LO 4
Demonstrate How The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work
Approach-Avoidance The approach-avoidance framework – casts personality traits as motivations. Approach motivation is attraction to positive stimuli. Avoidance motivation is our aversion to negative stimuli.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5-3
LO 1
Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It
Defining Personality Personality is a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a person’s whole psychological system. The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.
5-5
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 1
Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It
Personality Determinants Is personality the result of heredity or environment? Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception. The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual’s personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes.
5-1
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 5: Personality and Values
5-2
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Describe personality, the way it is measured, and the factors that shape it. Describe the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality framework and its strengths and weaknesses. Identify the key traits in the Big Five personality model. Demonstrate how the Big Five traits predict behavior at work. Describe how the situation affects whether personality predicts behavior. Contrast terminal and instrumental values. Compare generational differences in values. Identify Hofstede’s five value dimensions of national culture.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5-8
LO 3
Identify the Key Traits in the Big Five Personality Model
Extraversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Emotional stability Openness to experience
5-6
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 1
Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It
Early research tried to identify and label enduring personality characteristics. Shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious, loyal, and timid. These are personality traits. Early efforts to identify the primary traits that govern behavior often resulted in long lists that were difficult to generalize from and provided little practical guidance to organizational decision makers.
5-12
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 4
Demonstrate How The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work
The Dark Triad 1. Machiavellianism – the degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means. 2. Narcissism – the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement. 3. Psychopathy – the tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt or remorse when their actions cause harm.
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
5-9
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 4
Demonstrate How The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work
5-10
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5-4
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 1
Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It
Managers need to know how to measure personality. Personality tests are useful in hiring decisions and help managers forecast who is best for a job. The most common means of measuring personality is through self-report surveys.
5-14
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 4
Demonstrate How The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work
Other Personality Traits Relevant to OB Core Self-Evaluation – bottom line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person. Self-Monitoring – measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors. Proactive Personality – people who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.
The five factors appear in almost all cross-cultural studies. Generally, the findings corroborate what has been found in U.S. research Of the Big Five traits, conscientiousness is the best predictor of job performance.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5-7
LO 2
Describe the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality Framework and Its Strengths and Weaknesses
One of the most widely used personality frameworks is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Individuals are classified as: Extroverted or Introverted (E or I) Sensing or Intuitive (S or N) Thinking or Feeling (T or F) Perceiving or Judging (P or J) INTJs are visionaries. ESTJs are organizers. ENTPs are conceptualizers.
LO 4
Demonstrate How The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work
5-11
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 4
Demonstrate How The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5-13
LO 4
Demonstrate How The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work
Approach-Avoidance The approach-avoidance framework – casts personality traits as motivations. Approach motivation is attraction to positive stimuli. Avoidance motivation is our aversion to negative stimuli.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5-3
LO 1
Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It
Defining Personality Personality is a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a person’s whole psychological system. The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.
5-5
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 1
Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It
Personality Determinants Is personality the result of heredity or environment? Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception. The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual’s personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes.
5-1
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 5: Personality and Values
5-2
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Describe personality, the way it is measured, and the factors that shape it. Describe the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator personality framework and its strengths and weaknesses. Identify the key traits in the Big Five personality model. Demonstrate how the Big Five traits predict behavior at work. Describe how the situation affects whether personality predicts behavior. Contrast terminal and instrumental values. Compare generational differences in values. Identify Hofstede’s five value dimensions of national culture.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5-8
LO 3
Identify the Key Traits in the Big Five Personality Model
Extraversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Emotional stability Openness to experience
5-6
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 1
Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It
Early research tried to identify and label enduring personality characteristics. Shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious, loyal, and timid. These are personality traits. Early efforts to identify the primary traits that govern behavior often resulted in long lists that were difficult to generalize from and provided little practical guidance to organizational decision makers.
5-12
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 4
Demonstrate How The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work
The Dark Triad 1. Machiavellianism – the degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means. 2. Narcissism – the tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of entitlement. 3. Psychopathy – the tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack of guilt or remorse when their actions cause harm.
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
5-9
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 4
Demonstrate How The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work
5-10
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5-4
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 1
Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that Shape It
Managers need to know how to measure personality. Personality tests are useful in hiring decisions and help managers forecast who is best for a job. The most common means of measuring personality is through self-report surveys.
5-14
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
LO 4
Demonstrate How The Big Five Traits Predict Behavior At Work
Other Personality Traits Relevant to OB Core Self-Evaluation – bottom line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person. Self-Monitoring – measures an individual’s ability to adjust his or her behavior to external, situational factors. Proactive Personality – people who identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.
The five factors appear in almost all cross-cultural studies. Generally, the findings corroborate what has been found in U.S. research Of the Big Five traits, conscientiousness is the best predictor of job performance.