形容词和副词
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Unit 13 & 14 形容词和副词
wsfhelen@163.com
近两年在英语四六级翻译中的考查
Since my childhood I have found that __________ to me, nothing is more interesting than reading. __________________________________________(没有 什么比读书对我更有吸引力) (2006. 12) The more you explain,_______________________.(我 the more confused I am 愈糊涂)(2006. 6)
如:
Their watch is _____ to all the other watches on the market. [A] superior [B] advantageous [C] super [D] beneficial Prior to __________his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter. 在离开之前,他给他女儿写了一封信。
在这里as good as 比较连词与better than比较连词 同时出现时候,不能省略任何一个介词。答案为A
2)比较的成分是否属于同类事物或同类概念,既是 说比较要具有可比性。
如:
The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half ___ . [A] of last year’s [B] those of last year’s [C] of those of last year [D] that of last year’s
后面的 前任的 纯粹的 恰好的
yearly daily mere only
little live
每年的 每日的 仅 惟一的
小的 活的
2.4
要求形容词做表语的动词
下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词,注意用做系动词时 要求形容词做表语:
remain, keep, become, get, grow, go, come, look turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear;
Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year __ than automobile accidents.
[A] seven moreபைடு நூலகம்times [C] over seven times
[B] seven times more [D] seven times
6)比较级前面可以用even, still, yet ,all the (more) 等修饰语用以加强语气,表示“更加”的意思。 (P249) 如:
Today it is even colder than yesterday . I have yet more exciting news for you .
The conveniences that American desire reflect not so much a leisurely lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted. 评析:此为1995年的考研真题。此处平行结构是两 个名词短语: a leisurely lifestyle 和a busy lifestyle, 两者都作reflect的宾语。
3. 形容词与副词的比较级与最高级
3.1做比较级题目时,学生应把握:
1)形容词和副词比较级的形式是否和比较连词 对应出现,即是否符合原级比较及比较级的结 构。
For example: Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often __, or better than an actual performance. [A] as good as [C] good [B] as good [D] good as
译文:学校教育的伟大作用不在于教会你多少 东西,而在于教会你学习的技巧。
B) no/not any more…than…两者一样都不…… (P248/249)
如: The heart is ____ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. [A] not so [C] much more [B] not much [D] no more
(前后相比的应该是今年和去年注册参加的人数“the number of”故代 替它的应该是单数指示代词“that”,而不能选择B,those是指代
participants,不是同类对比,答案为D。
3)比较级与倍数词关系及其位置
原级结构中可插入表达倍数的词,表示为“为….若干倍”。
当与有表示倍数比较的词在一起时,他们的位置是,倍数词 +as…as…,或倍数词+more…than…,但again一般放在原 级词之后,即 “as+原级+again+ as”。如 :
心脏和胃两者都不具有智力,他们都受大脑控制。
C) no/not any less…than…两者一样,都…… (P248/249)
注意基本上与no/not any more…than意思相反 如:
silly earthly
傻气的 尘世的
2.2 以“a”开头的很多形容词只能做表语
afraid awake alive asleep 害怕的 alike 醒着的 alone 睡着的 aware 相象的 单独的
活着的 ashamed 羞愧的 意识到的 无能的 健康的
content 满意的 unable well (P241)
2.3 只作前置定语的形容词(P241)
earthen golden weekly monthly 泥土做的 金子般的 每周的 每月的 woolen elder silken wooden 毛织的 年长的 丝一般的 木制的
outer inner
latter former sheer very
外面的 里面的
“Do you regret paying__ as five hundred dollars for the painting ?”“No, I would gladly have paid for it.”
[A] twice so much [C] as much twice
[B] twice as much [D] so much twice
译文:美国人所渴望的种种便利设施,与其说是 反映了一种休闲的生活方式,倒不如说是反映了 一种忙碌的生活方式,正因为忙碌,所以每分钟 都很宝贵而不容浪费。
The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning. 评析:这里被比较的是两个不定式: to teach you things 和to teach you the art of learning.
7) 有关比较级的特殊句型: A): not …so much as 需要注意的:
从结构上来看,not…so much as 可以有两种结构: not A so much as B 或not so much A as B; 从意思来看,该句型的基本含义为:“与其说A倒不如说B”,或 者“是B,而不是A”。但在实际翻译中十分灵活。 A和B两个被比较的平行结构,如:同为介词短语、动词不 定式、名词短语或其他平行结构。
2.1 以-ly结尾的是形容词而不是副词
costly lonely 昂贵的 孤独的 死一般的 活泼的 brotherly 兄弟般的 ugly leisurely likely kindly 长得丑的 悠闲的 可能的 热心肠的
monthly 每月的 deadly lively
friendly 友好的
强化例句:Nothing could have been more annoying. 强化例句:The older I get, the happier I am.
1. 形容词的词缀
形容词一些独特的后缀以及否定前缀: -able/-ible: understandable/ illegible(难读的;难认的 ) -al: facial, national -ant/-ent: significant/proficient -ary/-ory: military/satisfactory
Things are getting worse and worse. As I spoke to him he became less and less angry. Her health was becoming daily worse . The road got ever worse until there was no road at all = the road got worse and worse.
-un: unimportant, unnecessary -in: insignificant
2. 形容词的修饰与位置
一般来说,从构词法角度来看,后缀 “ ly”往 往是副词,但有的以“ ly ”结尾的词是形容 词而不是副词,这点要注意。
形容词一般可以在句子中做定语,表语等成份, 但有些形容词在句子中只能做表语和只能做前 置定语,这些形容词在修饰时候有一定的特殊 性。(P241)
5)“比较级+and +比较级”或“more and more/less and less +原级”以及“ever, steadily, daily等副词+比较级”结构表示“越来越……”的 意思 (P250) 与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow, get,become 等。 前面两种情况更多地出现在进行时态中,注意的是 这三种情况引导的比较级后面都不需要用than.如:
Science moves forword, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 评析:此为1994年的考研翻译真题。本题考查的是not so much A as B这一比较句型。 这里的平行结构是两个介词短语: through the insights of great men of genius和because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools,两者在此作状语,修饰 谓语moves forword。 译文:他们说,科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知 灼见,不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东 西。
4)下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概 念 inferior, superior, minor, major, senior, junior, prior, prefer to, preferable differ from/ different from compared with/in comparison with rather than
wsfhelen@163.com
近两年在英语四六级翻译中的考查
Since my childhood I have found that __________ to me, nothing is more interesting than reading. __________________________________________(没有 什么比读书对我更有吸引力) (2006. 12) The more you explain,_______________________.(我 the more confused I am 愈糊涂)(2006. 6)
如:
Their watch is _____ to all the other watches on the market. [A] superior [B] advantageous [C] super [D] beneficial Prior to __________his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter. 在离开之前,他给他女儿写了一封信。
在这里as good as 比较连词与better than比较连词 同时出现时候,不能省略任何一个介词。答案为A
2)比较的成分是否属于同类事物或同类概念,既是 说比较要具有可比性。
如:
The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half ___ . [A] of last year’s [B] those of last year’s [C] of those of last year [D] that of last year’s
后面的 前任的 纯粹的 恰好的
yearly daily mere only
little live
每年的 每日的 仅 惟一的
小的 活的
2.4
要求形容词做表语的动词
下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词,注意用做系动词时 要求形容词做表语:
remain, keep, become, get, grow, go, come, look turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear;
Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year __ than automobile accidents.
[A] seven moreபைடு நூலகம்times [C] over seven times
[B] seven times more [D] seven times
6)比较级前面可以用even, still, yet ,all the (more) 等修饰语用以加强语气,表示“更加”的意思。 (P249) 如:
Today it is even colder than yesterday . I have yet more exciting news for you .
The conveniences that American desire reflect not so much a leisurely lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of time are too valuable to be wasted. 评析:此为1995年的考研真题。此处平行结构是两 个名词短语: a leisurely lifestyle 和a busy lifestyle, 两者都作reflect的宾语。
3. 形容词与副词的比较级与最高级
3.1做比较级题目时,学生应把握:
1)形容词和副词比较级的形式是否和比较连词 对应出现,即是否符合原级比较及比较级的结 构。
For example: Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often __, or better than an actual performance. [A] as good as [C] good [B] as good [D] good as
译文:学校教育的伟大作用不在于教会你多少 东西,而在于教会你学习的技巧。
B) no/not any more…than…两者一样都不…… (P248/249)
如: The heart is ____ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. [A] not so [C] much more [B] not much [D] no more
(前后相比的应该是今年和去年注册参加的人数“the number of”故代 替它的应该是单数指示代词“that”,而不能选择B,those是指代
participants,不是同类对比,答案为D。
3)比较级与倍数词关系及其位置
原级结构中可插入表达倍数的词,表示为“为….若干倍”。
当与有表示倍数比较的词在一起时,他们的位置是,倍数词 +as…as…,或倍数词+more…than…,但again一般放在原 级词之后,即 “as+原级+again+ as”。如 :
心脏和胃两者都不具有智力,他们都受大脑控制。
C) no/not any less…than…两者一样,都…… (P248/249)
注意基本上与no/not any more…than意思相反 如:
silly earthly
傻气的 尘世的
2.2 以“a”开头的很多形容词只能做表语
afraid awake alive asleep 害怕的 alike 醒着的 alone 睡着的 aware 相象的 单独的
活着的 ashamed 羞愧的 意识到的 无能的 健康的
content 满意的 unable well (P241)
2.3 只作前置定语的形容词(P241)
earthen golden weekly monthly 泥土做的 金子般的 每周的 每月的 woolen elder silken wooden 毛织的 年长的 丝一般的 木制的
outer inner
latter former sheer very
外面的 里面的
“Do you regret paying__ as five hundred dollars for the painting ?”“No, I would gladly have paid for it.”
[A] twice so much [C] as much twice
[B] twice as much [D] so much twice
译文:美国人所渴望的种种便利设施,与其说是 反映了一种休闲的生活方式,倒不如说是反映了 一种忙碌的生活方式,正因为忙碌,所以每分钟 都很宝贵而不容浪费。
The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning. 评析:这里被比较的是两个不定式: to teach you things 和to teach you the art of learning.
7) 有关比较级的特殊句型: A): not …so much as 需要注意的:
从结构上来看,not…so much as 可以有两种结构: not A so much as B 或not so much A as B; 从意思来看,该句型的基本含义为:“与其说A倒不如说B”,或 者“是B,而不是A”。但在实际翻译中十分灵活。 A和B两个被比较的平行结构,如:同为介词短语、动词不 定式、名词短语或其他平行结构。
2.1 以-ly结尾的是形容词而不是副词
costly lonely 昂贵的 孤独的 死一般的 活泼的 brotherly 兄弟般的 ugly leisurely likely kindly 长得丑的 悠闲的 可能的 热心肠的
monthly 每月的 deadly lively
friendly 友好的
强化例句:Nothing could have been more annoying. 强化例句:The older I get, the happier I am.
1. 形容词的词缀
形容词一些独特的后缀以及否定前缀: -able/-ible: understandable/ illegible(难读的;难认的 ) -al: facial, national -ant/-ent: significant/proficient -ary/-ory: military/satisfactory
Things are getting worse and worse. As I spoke to him he became less and less angry. Her health was becoming daily worse . The road got ever worse until there was no road at all = the road got worse and worse.
-un: unimportant, unnecessary -in: insignificant
2. 形容词的修饰与位置
一般来说,从构词法角度来看,后缀 “ ly”往 往是副词,但有的以“ ly ”结尾的词是形容 词而不是副词,这点要注意。
形容词一般可以在句子中做定语,表语等成份, 但有些形容词在句子中只能做表语和只能做前 置定语,这些形容词在修饰时候有一定的特殊 性。(P241)
5)“比较级+and +比较级”或“more and more/less and less +原级”以及“ever, steadily, daily等副词+比较级”结构表示“越来越……”的 意思 (P250) 与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow, get,become 等。 前面两种情况更多地出现在进行时态中,注意的是 这三种情况引导的比较级后面都不需要用than.如:
Science moves forword, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 评析:此为1994年的考研翻译真题。本题考查的是not so much A as B这一比较句型。 这里的平行结构是两个介词短语: through the insights of great men of genius和because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools,两者在此作状语,修饰 谓语moves forword。 译文:他们说,科学的发展与其说源于天才伟人的真知 灼见,不如说源于改进了的技术和工具等更为普通的东 西。
4)下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概 念 inferior, superior, minor, major, senior, junior, prior, prefer to, preferable differ from/ different from compared with/in comparison with rather than