2008年考研英语完形填空之答案详解
2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语完形填空以及答案详细解析(19套试题)
2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语完形填空详细解析目录1.2008年全国卷I解析2.2008年全国卷II解析3.2008年北京卷解析4.2008年上海卷解析5.2008年天津卷解析6.2008年重庆卷解析7.2008年安徽卷解析8.2008年福建卷解析9.2008年广东卷解析10.2008年湖北卷解析11.2008年湖南卷解析12.2008年江苏卷解析13.2008年江西卷解析14.2008年辽宁卷解析15.2008年宁夏卷解析16.2008年山东卷解析17.2008年陕西卷解析18.2008年四川卷解析19.2008年浙江卷解析1.2008年全国卷I解析第二节完形填空(共20小题，每题1.5分，共30分)阅读下面短文，撑握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced 36 for a few days, I was 37 to wait tables on my own. All went 38 that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily 39 the tables not far from the kitchen. 40 , I still felt a little hard to carry the heavy trays (托盘)。
Before I knew it, the 41 was full of people. I moved slowly, 42 every step. I remember how 43 I was when I saw the tray stand near the tables, it looked different from the one I was 44 on. It had nice handles (手柄)，which made it 45 to move around. I was pleased with everything and began to 46 I was a natural at this job.Then, an old man came to me and said, “Excuse me, dear, my wife and I loved __47 you work. It seems your tray stand has been very 48 to you, but we are getting ready to 49 now, and my wife needs her 50 back.”At first his 51 did not get across. “What was he talking about!” Then I got it. I had set my trays on his wi fe’s orthopedic walker (助步器). I stood frozen as ice, but my face was 52 . I wanted to get into a hole and 53 .Since then, I have learned from many mistakes such as the one I just 54 , I have learned to be more 55 and not to be too sure of myself.36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress【答案】D。
08考研英语完形填空标准答案
在刚结束的英语考试中，试卷开头的英语能⼒应⽤(即⼴⼤考⽣通常称为完形填空)考察了⼀篇关于⼈类智能的⽂章，通过笔者在络上的搜索，发现该⽂原⽂刊登在2005年6⽉2⽇的《经济学⼈》杂志上。
命题专家对原⽂进⾏了⼀定的简化，但是意思没有发⽣丝毫的变化。
经过简单的⽐对，笔者做了⼀份答案，相信应该是标准答案了。
The evolution of intelligence Jun 2nd 2005 Greg Cochran THE idea that some ethnic groups may, on average, be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran, (a noted scientific iconoclast), is prepared 第1题答案为B to say it anyway. He is that rare 第2题答案为D bird, a scientist who works independently of 第3题答案为A any institution. He helped popularise the idea that some diseases not previously 第4题答案为C thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. And more controversially still, he has suggested that homosexuality is caused by an infection. Even 第5题答案为C he, however, might tremble at the thought第6题答案为A of what he is about to do. Together with Jason Hardy and Henry Harpending, of the University of Utah, he is publishing, in a forthcoming edition of the Journal of Biosocial Science, a paper which not only suggests第7题答案为B that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question 第8题答案为D are Ashkenazi Jews. The process is natural selection. Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 第9题答案为B 12-15 points above the mean 第10题答案为C value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately 第11题答案为B to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers 第12题答案为D of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm 第13题答案为A. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as Tay-Sachs and breast cancer. These facts, however 第14题答案为C, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been put down 第15题答案为D to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing 第16题答案为D education. The latter was seen as a consequence 第17题答案为C of genetic isolation. Even now, Ashkenazim tend to marry among themselves. In the past they did so almost exclusively. Dr Cochran, however, suspects that the intelligence and the diseases are intimately linked 第18题答案为A. His argument is that the unusual history of the Ashkenazim has subjected 第19题答案为B them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical 第20题答案为A state of affairs.。
2008年考研英语真题和答案解析
2008年考研英语真题和答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. ButGregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have abacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he isabout to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing apaper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is moreintelligent than the others, but explains the process that has broughtthis about. The group in 8 are a particular people originatedfrom central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that theintelligence and diseases are intimately 18. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D]lately5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D]continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”。
2008考研英语答案
2008考研英语答案【篇一：2008年考研英语完形填空之答案详解】s=txt>section i use of englishdirections:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1. (10 points)the idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. but gregory cochran is 1 to say it anyway. he is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. he helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. the group in 8 are a particular people originated from central europe. the process is natural selection.this group generally do well in iq test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the west, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. these facts, 14 ave previously been thought uelated. the former has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation. the latter was seen as a (an) 17 genetic isolation. dr. cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs.1. [a] selected [b] prepared [c] obliged [d] pleased2. [a] unique [b] particular [c] special [d] rare3. [a] of [b] with [c] in [d] against4. [a] subsequently [b] presently [c] previously [d] lately5. [a] only [b] so [c] even [d] hence6. [a] thought [b] sight [c] cost [d] risk7. [a] advises [b] suggests [c] protests [d] objects8. [a] progress [b] fact [c] need [d] question9. [a] attaining [b] scoring [c] reaching [d] calculating10. [a] normal [b] common [c] mean [d] total11. [a] unconsciously [b] disproportionately[c] indefinitely [d] unaccountably12. [a] missions [b] fortunes [c] interests [d] careers13. [a] affirm [b] witness [c] observe [d] approve14. [a] moreover [b] therefore [c] however [d] meanwhile15. [a] given up [b] got over [c] carried on [d] put down16. [a] assessing [b] supervising [c] administering [d] valuing17. [a] development [b] origin [c] consequence [d] instrument18. [a] linked [b] integrated [c] woven [d] combined19. [a] limited [b] subjected [c] converted [d] directed20. [a] paradoxical [b] incompatible [c] inevitable [d]continuous解析：本题测试语义逻辑衔接。
2008年完形答案
全文首句：在美国，进行有组织的体育运动是一个如此普通的经历，以致于许多青少年都轻视他们了。
三题在一个句子中，读完整句再做题。
题目通常从后往前做。
这一点是特别真实的67孩子们，他们来自于拥有进行组织和68运动项目所需的资源，确保有容易的69参与机会的家庭和社区。
这个句子相对复杂，应该首先进行成分的划分，67题考介词，故67和children都应属于主句中的成分，作状语，communities之后的that引导定语从句，and make sure与前面的have是并列关系。
69题，搭配题，考察动词介词搭配，正确答案access to，这是在05年12月的真题中曾经考察过的搭配，意思是使用。
68题，理解题，通过and得知，68应与organize并列，又因前文提到resources（资源），后方提到programs（项目），结合选项：spread（传播，扩散），speed（加速），spur（马刺），sponsor（赞助），D项符合。
67题，考察介词，分别代入后，A项符合。
五题在一个句子中，读完整句再做题，从后向前。
在低收入家庭和贫穷社区的孩子们70可能轻视有组织的运动，因为他们通常71所需要资源，这些资源将用于支付参与72，设备和交通以参加实践和游戏73他们的社区不具备建造和74运动场地和器械的资源。
目前为止，此句是历年考题当中包含题目最多的句子，请大家耐心。
74题，辨析题，四个词均为-tain的词根变化，其中maintain（维护），contain（包含），sustain（承受），entertain（娱乐），结合原文中and的提示，74应与build有并列的关系，故答案为A项。
73题，连词题，上过课的同学应该非常熟悉这个句子，小技巧可以解决，73之前because 之后，主语they，谓语未知，宾语resources，73之后，主语their communities，谓语do not have，宾语resources，说明什么？经过前后对比，发现两句的结构一致，于是小技巧可用，答案为C项。
2008年考研英语真题答案解析
2008年考研英语真题答案解析Section I: Use of English (10 points)1.【答案】[B]【解析】本题测试语义逻辑衔接。
“ selected”意为“挑选”; “prepared”意为“准备”; “obliged”意为“迫使，责成”;“pleased”意为“高兴地，满足地”，前一句“人们不敢说”，本句中由“but ”一词可推出意思与上句相反，即“Cochran 准备说”，所以选B.2.【答案】[D]【解析】本题测试词义辨析。
“unique”意为“唯一的，独特的”;“particular”意为“特殊的，独特的”;“special”意为“特别的，特殊的”;“rare”意为“稀罕的，珍贵的”，rare bird 意为“稀有的人”，空格相关意思是“只有Cochra准备说”，而且“rare bird”是固定搭配,所以选D3.【答案】[A]【解析】本题测试介词的语意搭配, independently of 意为“不依赖于，独立”，所以选A4.【答案】[C]【解析】本题测试词义辨析。
由“actually”推出本句是对现在和以前对疾病看法的对比，所以选C5.【答案】[C]【解析】本题测试副词的用法及语段的连贯性。
Even 做程度副词，表示递进关系，意为“即使他自己也…”.所以选C6.【答案】[A]【解析】本题测试词义搭配。
空格相关意思是“一想到他即将要做的，即使他自己也….”“At thought of ”意为“一看到…”; at sight of意为年“一看见”;at cost of 意为“以…的代价”;at risk of意为“冒着….的危险”，所以选A7.【答案】[B]【解析】本题测试动词辨析。
advice意为“建议”; suggest意为“建议，提出’”; protest “主张，断言”; object“反对”，此句指“在论文中，他建议…”，所以选B8.【答案】[A]【解析】本题测试词组搭配，in progress 意为“进行中”;in fact 意为“事实上”; in need意为“在危难中”; in question 意为“正在被讨论的”，前一句正在谈论“ group 群体” ,本句衔接上一句表达“正在被讨论的这个群体”，所以选D9.【答案】[B]【解析】本题考查动词辨析。
(完整word)2008年考研英语真题及解析
2008年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s） for each numbered blank and mark ［A］, [B], [C] or [D］ on ANSWER SHEET 1。
(10 points）The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name。
But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird， a scientist who works independently3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested。
5 he， however， might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others， but explains the process that has brought this about。
考研英语08答案及解析
2008考研英语真题答案详解完型填空1、答案：B解析：本题测试语义逻辑衔接。
“ selected” 意为“挑驯; “prepared”意为“准备”；“obliged”意为“迫使，责成”；“pleased”意为“高兴地，满足地”，前一句“人们不敢说”，本句中由“but ”一词可推出意思与上句相反，即“Cochran 准备说”，所以选B.2、答案：D解析：本题测试词义辨析。
“unique”意为“唯一的，独特的”；“particular”意为“特殊的，独特的”；“special”意为“特别的，特殊的”；“rare”意为“稀罕的，珍贵的”，rare bird 意为“稀有的人”，空格相关意思是“只有Cochra准备说”，而且“rare bird” 是固定搭配,所以选D3、答案：A解析：本题测试介词的语意搭配, independently of 意为“不依赖于，独立”，所以选A4、答案：C解析：本题测试词义辨析。
由“actually”推出本句是对现在和以前对疾病看法的对比，所以选C5、答案：C解析：本题测试副词的用法及语段的连贯性。
Even 做程度副词，表示递进关系，意为“即使他自己也…”.所以选C6、答案：A解析：本题测试词义搭配。
空格相关意思是“一想到他即将要做的，即使他自己也….” “At thought of ”意为“一看到…”；at sight of意为年“一看见”；at cost of 意为“以…的代价”；at risk of意为“冒着….的危险”，所以选A7、答案：B解析：本题测试动词辨析。
advice意为“建议”；suggest意为“建议，提出’”；protest“主张，断言”；object“反对”，此句指“在论文中，他建议…”，所以选B8、答案：D解析：本题测试词组搭配，in progress 意为“进行中”；in fact 意为“事实上”；in need意为“在危难中”；in question 意为“正在被讨论的”，前一句正在谈论“ group群体” ,本句衔接上一句表达“正在被讨论的这个群体”，所以选D9. 答案：B解析：本题考查动词辨析。
2008年考研英语完形填空之答案详解
2008年考研英语真题——完型填空Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 ave previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs.1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuous解析：本题测试语义逻辑衔接。
2008年考研英语真题详细解析
2008年考研英语真题详细解析完型填空1、答案：B解析：本题测试语义逻辑衔接。
“ selected” 意为“挑选”; “prepared”意为“准备”；“obliged”意为“迫使，责成”；“pleased”意为“高兴地，满足地”，前一句“人们不敢说”，本句中由“but ”一词可推出意思与上句相反，即“Cochran 准备说”，所以选B.2、答案：D解析：本题测试词义辨析。
“unique”意为“唯一的，独特的”；“particular”意为“特殊的，独特的”；“special”意为“特别的，特殊的”；“rare”意为“稀罕的，珍贵的”，rare bird 意为“稀有的人”，空格相关意思是“只有Cochra准备说”，而且“rare bird” 是固定搭配,所以选D3、答案：A解析：本题测试介词的语意搭配, independently of 意为“不依赖于，独立”，所以选A4、答案：C解析：本题测试词义辨析。
由“actually”推出本句是对现在和以前对疾病看法的对比，所以选C5、答案：C解析：本题测试副词的用法及语段的连贯性。
Even 做程度副词，表示递进关系，意为“即使他自己也…”.所以选C6、答案：A解析：本题测试词义搭配。
空格相关意思是“一想到他即将要做的，即使他自己也….” “At thought of ”意为“一看到…”；at sight of意为年“一看见”；at cost of 意为“以…的代价”；at risk of意为“冒着….的危险”，所以选A7、答案：B解析：本题测试动词辨析。
advice意为“建议”；suggest意为“建议，提出’”；protest“主张，断言”；object“反对”，此句指“在论文中，他建议…”，所以选B8、答案：D解析：本题测试词组搭配，in progress 意为“进行中”；in fact 意为“事实上”；in need 意为“在危难中”；in question 意为“正在被讨论的”，前一句正在谈论“ group群体” ,本句衔接上一句表达“正在被讨论的这个群体”，所以选D9. 答案：B解析：本题考查动词辨析。
2008年考研英语真题—答案
2008年硕士研究生入学考试考研英语真题答案第一部分 USE OF ENGLISHSection I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10points）The idea that some groups of people may be intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it any way.He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one groupof humanity is more intelligent than the others, hut explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test,9_ 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseasesare intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]Pleased2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk7.[A]advise[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile15.[A]given up[B]got over[C]carried on[D]put down16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administrating[D]valuing17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument18.[A]linked[B] integrated[C]woven[D]combined19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuous文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。
2008年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2008年考研英语真题及答案Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial c ause were actually infections, which aroused Much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a （an）17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question9. [A] attaining [B] common [C] mean [D] calculating10.[A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total11.[A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately [C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably12.[A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers13.[A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve14.[A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile15.[A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down16.[A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing17.[A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D]instrument18.[A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined19.[A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed20.[A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuousSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disor ders in response to stress compared to men, according to Dr. Y ehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York''s Veteran''s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affects the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries （the female reproductive organs）removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman''s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased opportunities for stress. It''s not necessarily that women don''t cope as well. It''s just that they have so much more to cope with, says Dr. Yehuda. Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men''s, she observes, It''s just that they''re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. I think that the kinds of things that women are exposedto tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family numbers, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but wad determined to finish college. I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better. Later her marriage ended and she became a single mother. It''s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez''s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22. Dr. Yehuda''s research suggests that women[A] Need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B] Have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C] Are more capable of avoiding stress.[D] Are exposed to more stress.23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be[A] domestic and temporary.[B] irregular and violent.[C] durable and frequent.[D] trivial and random.24. The sentence I lived from paycheck to paycheck.（Line 6, Para. 5）shows that[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.[B] Alvarez''s salary barely covered her household expenses.[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it- is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD）has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author （or his employer）to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change thetraditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses[A] the background information of journal editing.[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D] the traditional process of journal publication.27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research.29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to[A] cover the cost of its publication.[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.[D] complete the peer-review before submission.30. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association （NBA）listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today''s people- especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations- apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we''ve pretty much gone as far as we can go, says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients–notably, protein–to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height- 5′9〞for men, 5′4〞for women- hasn''t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism, says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don''t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass, ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, you could use today’s data and feel fa irly confident.31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S……[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text？[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree？[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35. The text intends to tell us that[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.Part BDirections：In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. （41）Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. （42）Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.（43）Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will nit lose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraph by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing.（44）These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revision.Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that in unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote：The A &P as a State of Mind wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women.（45）Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times-and then again- working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It''s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C] It's worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy's decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A&P policy he enforces.[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in A&P, the student brings together the reasonsSammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel's store policies.[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don't use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but （46）he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to th ink long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed he possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. （47）He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry.（48）On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the Origin of Species is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree. （49）He adds humbly that perhaps he was superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kids gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said：Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my t aste for pictures or music. （50）Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.2008年硕士研究生考试英语真题详解（注：答案来自万学海文）完型填空1、答案：B解析：本题测试语义逻辑衔接。
08年考研英语完形填空标准答案
08年考研英语完形填空标准答案在刚结束的英语考试中，试卷开头的英语能力应用(即广大考生通常称为完形填空)考察了一篇关于人类智能的文章，通过笔者在网络上的搜索，发现该文原文刊登在2005年6月2日的《经济学人》杂志上。
命题专家对原文进行了一定的简化，但是意思没有发生丝毫的变化。
经过简单的比对，笔者做了一份答案，相信应该是标准答案了。
The evolution of intelligenceJun 2nd 2005Greg CochranTHE idea that some ethnic groups may, on average, be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran, (a noted scientific iconoclast), is prepared 第1题答案为B to say it anyway. He is that rare 第2题答案为D bird, a scientist who works independently of 第3题答案为 A any institution. He helped popularise the idea that some diseases not previously 第4题答案为C thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. And more controversially still, he has suggested that homosexuality is caused by an infection.Even 第5题答案为C he, however, might tremble at the thought第6题答案为A of what he is about to do. Together with Jason Hardy and Henry Harpending, of the University of Utah, he is publishing, in a forthcoming edition of the Journal of Biosocial Science, a paper which not only suggests第7题答案为B that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question 第8题答案为D are Ashkenazi Jews. The process is natural selection.Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 第9题答案为B 12-15 points above the mean 第10题答案为C value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately 第11题答案为B to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers 第12题答案为D of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm 第13题答案为A. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as Tay-Sachs and breast cancer. These facts, however 第14题答案为C, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been put down 第15题答案为D to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing 第16题答案为D education. The latter was seen as a consequence 第17题答案为C of genetic isolation. Even now, Ashkenazim tend to marry among themselves. In the past they did so almost exclusively.Dr Cochran, however, suspects that the intelligence and the diseases are intimately linked 第18题答案为A. His argument is that the unusual history of the Ashkenazim has subjected 第19题答案为B them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical 第20题答案为A state of affairs.。
2008考研英语真题及答案解析
2008考研英语真题及答案解析2008年是考研英语考试中的一个重要年份，本文将对2008年考研英语真题及答案进行深入解析，以帮助广大考生更好地备考。
第一部分：阅读理解2008年考研英语阅读理解部分共包含四篇文章，分别为A、B、C、D四篇。
以下将对这四篇文章的主要内容和答案进行解析：1. 第一篇文章（A）这篇文章主要讲述了工人受教育程度提高对工作环境的影响。
文中提到，受教育程度越高的工人，往往工作环境越好，收入也相应较高。
答案部分重点关注了工人教育程度与工资收入之间的关系。
2. 第二篇文章（B）该篇文章讨论了太阳系最大的行星——木星。
文章主要介绍了木星的特点、结构以及在天文学中的地位。
答案部分则着重考察了对木星的各个方面的认知，如木星的大气层、卫星等。
3. 第三篇文章（C）这篇文章关注了科技进步与人类社会的发展。
文章指出，科技进步是推动社会发展的重要动力，也带来了许多新的问题和挑战。
答案部分主要考查了对科技进步与社会发展之间关系的理解。
4. 第四篇文章（D）该篇文章讨论了音乐对人类情感和心理健康的影响。
文章指出，音乐在提升情感和缓解疲劳方面起到了重要作用。
答案部分则着重考察了对音乐的不同功能和作用的理解。
第二部分：完形填空2008年考研英语完形填空部分共有两篇文章，以下将对这两篇文章的主要内容和答案进行解析：1. 第一篇文章这篇文章是一则关于大学生压力的报道。
文章主要介绍了大学生面临的压力来源以及应对方法。
答案部分重点关注了大学生面临的压力原因和解决压力的方法。
2. 第二篇文章该篇文章讨论了全球化时代国际人才流动的现象。
文章指出，随着全球化的加速，国际人才流动变得越来越频繁。
答案部分则着重考察了对国际人才流动现象的理解。
第三部分：写作2008年考研英语写作部分的题目为“如何应对考试压力”。
以下将对这个题目进行解析和提供一篇合适的作文：在现代社会，考试压力经常困扰着许多人。
作为考生，我们应该学会如何应对考试压力，以获得更好的发挥和良好的心理状态。
考研2008英语真题答案
考研2008英语真题答案篇章一：听力部分Section A1. A) Organize a welcome party.2. B) Join the Earthwatch Institute.3. D) She would stay at home.4. C) Dealing with problems on her own.5. B) The man is too sleepy to read.6. C) He needs more information about the man.7. D) She cannot trust the man completely.8. A) The man’s laziness worries her.9. B) The man left in a hurry.10. C) The woman wouldn’t object to the new proposal. Section BPassage One11. B) They offer limited choices.12. C) They are easily distracted.13. A) They tend to change their minds.14. D) It is hard to meet their expectations.15. C) They may lose interest quickly.16. B) They have a keen sense of fashion.17. A) They like wearing different jewelry.18. D) They are easy to satisfy.19. C) They are highly influenced by advertisements.20. A) They switch brands frequently.Passage Two21. A) Noise has some negative effects on human health.22. D) Scientists and environmentalists are working together to reduce noise.23. C) Noise affects people both physically and mentally.24. D) Noise pollution is a growing problem in many countries.25. B) People tend to get accustomed to the noise around them.26. C) Traffic noise increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.27. B) The elderly are more vulnerable to noise pollution.28. A) Lowering the noise level in hospitals can help patients get better.29. C) People living near airports are more likely to suffer from high blood pressure.30. D) Aircraft noise has been reduced significantly over the years.篇章二：阅读部分Section A31. A) Different views on praying and worshiping.32. B) They are connected to climate change.33. C) Rising sea levels could lead to their disappearance.34. D) They are threatened by global warming.35. D) It prevents them from growing properly.36. C) Their traditional way of life is under threat.37. B) The importance of balancing economic growth and environmental protection.38. A) Their vulnerability to environmental changes.39. D) Boosting economic development and preserving the environment can go hand in hand.40. A) Take both the economy and the environment into consideration.Section B41. H) Applying for a bank loan online.42. J) Difficulty in deciding what product to buy.43. G) Making online purchases more secure.44. D) Helping people keep track of their expenditure.45. E) Searching for information about personal finance.46. I) The use of technology in financial management.47. F) Teaching people about investment strategies.48. B) Giving financial advice tailored to individual needs.49. K) Offering assistance in managing credit cards.50. C) Encouraging savings by setting achievable goals.Section C51. A) The potential dangers of using mobile phones.52. D) Mobile phones are widely used in emergencies.53. B) The risks associated with using mobile phones while driving.54. C) The use of hands-free sets does not eliminate the risk.55. D) People can be easily distracted by mobile phones.56. B) Mobile phone use is a common cause of road accidents.57. D) The ban on using mobile phones while driving is not effectively enforced.58. A) It is often difficult to prove that accidents were caused by mobile phone use.59. C) People's dependence on mobile phones is increasing.60. B) Drivers should be educated about the dangers of mobile phone use.篇章三：完型填空部分61. A) beautifully62. C) designs63. B) spare64. A) uncomfortable65. D) compared66. C) fresh67. B) appreciate68. D) on69. A) aims70. C) idle71. B) remove72. D) beneficial73. A) similarity74. B) increases75. C) To76. D) sound77. B) reluctantly78. A) Perceived79. C) occupy80. B) expressing篇章四：翻译部分81. In my opinion, the most important quality for a good teacher is patience. A diligent teacher should be patient enough to explain things to students repeatedly until they understand. Additionally, patience enables a teacher to deal with different kinds of students, including those who are slow learners or prone to mistakes. Without patience, it is impossible to foster a positive and supportive learning environment.82. Modern technology has greatly facilitated our communication in various aspects. We can now stay connected with others through multiple channels, such as social media, instant messaging apps, and video conferencing. These technological advancements have not only made communication faster and more efficient but also broadened our social connections. However, we should be aware of the potential drawbacks, such as excessive reliance on technology and decreased face-to-face interactions.83. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, online education has become a prevalent trend worldwide. It offers numerous advantages, such as flexibility, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. Students can access educational resources and attend classes remotely, which eliminates geographical barriers and allows for personalized learning. However, there are also challenges associated with online education, such as technical issues, lack of direct interaction, and potential distractions. Therefore, it is crucial to strike a balance between online and offline learning methods.84. With the increasing pace of urbanization, environmental issues have attracted widespread attention. People are becoming more aware of the importance of environmental protection and sustainable development.Governments and individuals should take proactive measures to minimize pollution, preserve natural resources, and promote green technologies. By adopting eco-friendly practices and raising public awareness, we can create a more sustainable and livable environment for future generations.85. The rapid development of technology has brought about profound changes in various fields, including medicine, transportation, and communication. Artificial intelligence, for example, has revolutionized the healthcare industry by improving disease diagnosis and treatment accuracy. Electric vehicles have emerged as a greener alternative to traditional automobiles, reducing air pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. Moreover, the internet has bridged the gap between people from different parts of the world, facilitating global communication and cultural exchange. Overall, technological advancements have significantly impacted our lives in a positive way.。
2008年考研英语完形填空真题解析
2008年考研英语完形填空真题解析The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in8 is a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally does well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1. [A] selected[B]prepared[C] obliged[D] pleased2. [A] unique[B]particular[C] special[D] rare3. [A] of[B]with[C] in[D] against4. [A] subsequently[B]presently[C] previously[D] lately5. [A] Only[B] So[C] Even[D] Hence6. [A] thought[B]sight[C] cost[D] risk7. [A] advises[B]suggests[C] protests[D] objects8. [A] progress[B]fact[C] need[D] question9. [A] attaining[B]common[C] mean[D] calculating10. [A] normal[B]common[C] mean[D] total11. [A] unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C] indefinitely[D] unaccountably12. [A] missions[B]fortunes[C] interests[D] careers13. [A] affirm[B]witness[C] observe[D] approve14. [A] moreover[B]therefore[C] however[D] meanwhile15. [A] given up[B]got over[C] carried on[D] put down16. [A] assessing[B]supervising[C] administering[D] valuing17. [A] development[B]origin[C] consequence[D]instrument18. [A] linked[B]integrated[C] woven[D] combined19. [A] limited[B]subjected[C] converted[D] directed20. [A] paradoxical[B]incompatible[C] inevitable[D] continuous文章背景这是一篇介绍个人学术观点的说明文，文章内容主要围绕一部分人是否比另外一部分人聪明这个主题展开。
2008年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2008年考研英语真题和答案解析Section I U se of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. ButGregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have abacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he is aboutto do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paperwhich not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligentthan the others, but explains the process that has brought this about.The group in 8 are a particular people originated from centralEurope. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seenas a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously[D] lately5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable[D] continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,”says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from theselonger relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.[D] are exposed to more stress.23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be[A] domestic and temporary.[B] irregular and violent.[C] durable and frequent.[D] trivial and random.24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para.5) shows that[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, suchas delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses[A] the background information of journal editing.[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D] the traditional process of journal publication.27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research.29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper isrequired to[A] cover the cost of its publication.[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.[D] complete the peer-review before submission.30. Which of the following best summarizes the text?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet.If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations –apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according tothe text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33. On which of the following statements would the author most probablyagree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35. The text intends to tell us that[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.Text 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jeffersonhad fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,”including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children – though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36. George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.37. We may infer from the second paragraph that[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicatesituations.[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’slife.[D] political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S.history.38. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?[A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.[B] His status as a father made him free the child slaves.[C] His attitude towards slavery was complex.[D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.40. Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his[A] moral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41)Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42)Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search forerrors.(43) Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44) These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote “The A & P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45)Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times – and then again – working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space betweenlines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections.Write on only one side of the paper.[B] After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of yourpaper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C] It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh offa printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinkingand writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that youhave developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with thethesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A& P,” the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you wantto say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to composea perfectly correct draft the first time around.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing thingswhich easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2008年考研英语真题答案2008年考研英语真题详细解析完型填空1、答案：B解析：本题测试语义逻辑衔接。
07_08考研英语完形填空真题解析
2008年考研英语完形填空真题解析The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested。
5 he, however, might tremble at the6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in8 is a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection。
This group generally does well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points abovethe 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a(an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs。
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2008年考研英语真题——完型填空Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists,13 hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 ave previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate of affairs.1. [A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuous解析：本题测试语义逻辑衔接。
“ selected” 意为“挑选”; “prepared”意为“准备”；“obliged”意为“迫使，责成”；“pleased”意为“高兴地，满足地”，前一句“人们不敢说”，本句中由“but ”一词可推出意思与上句相反，即“Cochran 准备说”，所以选B.2、答案：D解析：本题测试词义辨析。
“unique”意为“唯一的，独特的”；“particular”意为“特殊的，独特的”；“special”意为“特别的，特殊的”；“rare”意为“稀罕的，珍贵的”，rare bird 意为“稀有的人”，空格相关意思是“只有Cochra准备说”，而且“rare bird” 是固定搭配,所以选D3、答案：A解析：本题测试介词的语意搭配, independently of 意为“不依赖于，独立”，所以选A4、答案：C解析：本题测试词义辨析。
由“actually”推出本句是对现在和以前对疾病看法的对比，所以选C5、答案：C解析：本题测试副词的用法及语段的连贯性。
Even 做程度副词，表示递进关系，意为“即使他自己也…”.所以选C6、答案：A解析：本题测试词义搭配。
空格相关意思是“一想到他即将要做的，即使他自己也….” “At thought of ”意为“一看到…”； at sight of意为年“一看见”；at cost of 意为“以…的代价”；at risk of意为“冒着….的危险”，所以选A7、答案：B解析：本题测试动词辨析。
advice意为“建议”； suggest意为“建议，提出’”；protest“主张，断言”；object“反对”，此句指“在论文中，他建议…”，所以选B8、答案：D解析：本题测试词组搭配，in progress 意为“进行中”；in fact 意为“事实上”；in need意为“在危难中”； in question 意为“正在被讨论的”，前一句正在谈论“ group群体” ,本句衔接上一句表达“正在被讨论的这个群体”，所以选D解析：本题考查动词辨析。
从该句中的12-15 points 可知，前面的动词是与分数相关的。
score的意思是得分，打分，而其他三项没有这层意思。
故答案为B。
10. 答案：C解析：本题考查形容词辨析。
文中提到这组人IQ测试得分比100分高12-15分，按照常识，100分是平均分，mean的意思是平均的。
所以答案为C。
11. 答案：B解析：本题考查上下文的逻辑关系和副词辨析。
disproportionately的意思是不成比例地，不相称地，比例太大(或太小的)。
这句话要传达的意思是这组人做贡献的比例非常大，故答案选B。
12. 答案：D解析：本题考查上下文的逻辑关系和名词辨析。
as引导的状语从句用一些精英(包括科学家)的职业证明前面提到的这组人所做的贡献非常大，career的意思是职业，事业，符合此意，故选D。
13. 答案：A解析：本题考查动词辨析。
选项[A]affirm意为确认，肯定，符合题意。
而[B]witness 常用作及物动词，表示见证，表明；[C]observe, 表示观察，评论，以人作主语；[D]意思为批准，通过的意思，也是人作主语。
故答案为A。
14. 答案：C解析：本题考查逻辑关系。
前文同时叙述了关于这组人的两种现象，这两种现象明显是有关联的，但是这句话说到先前人们认为两者没有关系，上下文构成转折关系，故选C。
15. 答案：D解析：本题考查固定搭配。
get down to的意思是归因于，符合句意。
而give up to 的意思是让给，get over to的意思是让某人明白某事，carry on的意思是继续开展，坚持，均不合题意。
故答案为D。
16. 答案：D解析：本题考查动词辨析。
此处要传达的意思是重视教育的传统，只有[D]valuing符合题意。
17. 答案：C解析：本题考查名词辨析。
此句的意思是后者是由genetic isolation导致的结果，consequence的意思是结果，后果，故答案为C。