工商管理专业英语UNIT1
工商管理专业英语UNIT1
• Interviewee: I am a graduate of a technical university and have been employed as a technician with Company # for approximately 10 years.
• 从你的简历，我可以看出你在 方面有丰富的经验。我想 知道为什么你认为你适合这份工作。
• Interviewee: Well I’m impressed with what the company has done in the past and I think by hiring me the company’s future can only be brighter. I find that my personal goals and ideas about business operations mesh1 perfectly with this company’s goals and mission statement.
• 在低成本的生产目标与拓宽生产线的营销目标之间由来已 久的冲突是一个管理学问题内在联系的好例子。每个目标 之间都存在冲突。
• 8、The objectives of individual parts must be (compromised) to meet the objectives of the entire firm .
• 甚至在今天, 我们所了解的管理学也都出自 于那些管理人员的自传和论文集。
• 3、According to the text ,the three well-established approaches to management thought are the (classical) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing work and organizations ;the (behavioral) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing people;and the (management science)approach,which focus on the task of production and operations.
工商管理专业英语unit 1 the evolution of management
Key Terms and Concepts P4
Management Science Approach: Also known as Management Science School 管理学科学（研究）方法. A body of literature characterized by its use of mathematical and statistic techniques to build models for the solution of production and operations problems.The approach's primary means for acquiring knowledge is mathematical deduction.
Key Terms and Concepts P4
Contingency or Situational Approach (to Management): (管理学）权变（研究）方法 :An analysis of management that emphasizes the fact that what managers do in practice depends on upon a given set of circumstances or the "situation” and that there is no single "best way" to manage.
After learning of the course, students should grasp the professional English vocabulary and terminology as much as possible, and be familiar with the structure of style, features and rhetorical skills in professional English.(掌握词汇和 术语,熟悉文体结构、风格特征、修辞技巧)
大学工商管理专业英语教材
大学工商管理专业英语教材IntroductionIn today's highly globalized and competitive business world, proficiency in English has become an essential skill for students majoring in Business Administration. The purpose of this article is to introduce a comprehensive and practical English textbook specifically tailored to meet the needs of students studying Business Administration in university settings. The textbook aims to enhance students' language abilities, business knowledge, and cross-cultural communication skills.Chapter 1: Introduction to Business AdministrationThis chapter provides students with a general overview of the field of Business Administration. It covers key concepts such as organizational structure, management functions, and the role of business in society. In addition to building a solid foundation of business knowledge, students will also be introduced to relevant English vocabulary and terminology commonly used in the business world.Chapter 2: Business CommunicationEffective communication is vital in the business environment. This chapter focuses on improving students' English language skills for various business communication purposes, including writing emails, making presentations, and participating in meetings. Practical exercises and real-life case studies are included to enhance students' understanding and application of business communication strategies.Chapter 3: Marketing and AdvertisingMarketing plays a crucial role in any business's success. This chapter explores marketing principles and strategies, including market research, segmentation, branding, and advertising. Students will learn to analyze marketing campaigns and develop English language proficiency in presenting marketing plans and strategies effectively.Chapter 4: International BusinessIn the increasingly interconnected global marketplace, understanding international business practices is essential. This chapter introduces concepts related to international trade, global economics, cultural diversity, and managing multinational enterprises. Students will develop language skillsfor negotiating, collaborating, and conducting business across different cultures and markets.Chapter 5: Financial ManagementFinancial management is a fundamental aspect of business administration. This chapter covers key topics including financial statements, budgeting, investment strategies, and risk management. Students will practice using English to analyze financial data, discuss financial performance, and make informed business decisions.Chapter 6: Human Resource ManagementThe success of any organization heavily relies on effective management of its human resources. Students will learn about recruitment processes, employee training and development, performance evaluation, and employee motivation. The chapter helps students develop English language skills inareas such as conducting job interviews, delivering employee feedback, and resolving conflicts in the workplace.Chapter 7: Business Ethics and Corporate Social ResponsibilityIn today's society, businesses are expected to operate ethically and sustainably. This chapter explores the importance of business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Students will engage in discussions and debates, improving their English language proficiency while considering ethical dilemmas and the impact of business decisions on society.Chapter 8: Entrepreneurship and InnovationEntrepreneurship and innovation are crucial drivers of economic growth and societal advancement. This chapter introduces students to the world of entrepreneurship, including business planning, opportunity recognition, and managing a startup. Students will enhance their English language skills by developing business pitches, presenting innovative ideas, and analyzing successful entrepreneurial ventures.ConclusionThis English textbook for students majoring in Business Administration provides comprehensive coverage of key topics in the field. By integrating language learning with business knowledge, students will develop the necessary skills to excel in today's dynamic and competitive business environment. This textbook aims to empower students with effective communication abilities, cross-cultural competencies, and a solid foundation in business principles.。
工商专业英语第一讲
12/29/2013
Report format
• Introduction/purpose • Background info/story • Main reasons/ideas listed/explained/described • Summarize findings • Recommendation/proposals
12/29/2013
More telephone tips
• • • • • • • • • • • • Fax or email ahead important doc. speak clearly and slowly confirm each points communicated don't pretend to understand sound polite and sincere be brief and concise sound efficient and professional always take notes and don't rely on memory smile while talking dont' try to be funny don't interrupt when others are talking send a follow-up confirmation emails
Asking permission • May I....?/Do you mind if....? • Is it all right if I...? Do you think I could...?
12/29/2013
Telephone preparation
Making phone calls • all relevant documents/information ready • computer screen turned to relevant e-doc • pen,paper, scratch pad all set • aim/key points listed down Receiving phone calls • update with the latest projects/developments • be prepared, including necessary stationaries • ask to call back to confirm if not clear with anything
工商管理专业英语1
Ⅰ. Explain the terms.1. Contingency approach2. Differentiation3. Objective4. Management pyramid5. Top managers6. Strategic goals7. Organizational behavior8. Operative goals9. Strategic group10. Threat of new entrantsⅡ. True and false statements.1. The three well-established approaches to management thought are the classical approach, which focus on the task of production and operation; the behavioral approach which focus on the task of managing people; and the management science approach, which focus on the task of managing work and organization.( )2. In solving problems, managers using the systems approach must view the organization as a dynamic whole but must try to anticipate the intended as well as unintended impacts of their decision. ( )3. in other words, the contingency approach seeks to match different situations with different management methods.( )4. It seeks to identify the characteristics of jobs, people, and organization, allowing managers to see the interdependence between the segments of an organization.( )5. Between the two extremes of management practice and management science are many general who have contributed to the study of management. ( )6. In today’s innovative and competitive business environment, companies that strive to envision and define the future often haven’t an advantage over those that simply react to the present. ( )7. In many of today’s leaner company, fewer levers separate manag ers at the top and bottom. ( )8. Communication or exchanging information, is the most important and pervasive interpersonal skill that managers use. ( )9. Management is indeed in every type of organization. ( )10. In order to transform vision to reality, managers must define specific goals and objectives. ( )11. To meet these challenges, managers must possess certain skills that disable them to fulfill specific roles. ( )12. As the company grows, management can refer to the mission statement as a means of evaluating whether proposed actions are in line with the company stated purpose and values. ( )13. A starting point is to write a mission statement that defines how the organization exists and what it seeks to accomplish. ( )14. Technical skills are more important at lower organization levels.( )15. There are organizations that exist with balance sheets, capital assets, financial plans, or formal marketing strategies, but without people.( )16. Organizations are not random collections of people. ( )17. Organizations have many goals and operative goal are general and abstract. ( )18. Sometimes the coordination in organizations is a matter of absolute necessity rather than efficiency. ( )19. Individuals have intellectual and physical limitation which can only be overcome by organized group effort. ( )20. One important, although often implicit, official goal of all organizations is development. ( )21. Members must occasionally engage in innovative activities that go beyond their usual assignments. ( )22. Clearly these (often implicit) people-related operative goals are separate and independent from official goals. ( )23. Organizations are designed to continue achieve their goals even if certain members aren’t replaced. ( )24. One important, although often implicit, official goal of virtually all organizations is survival. ( )25. When there is little product differentiation, competition between present competitors is greater. ( )26. When strong product differentiation exists, the entry is easier. ( )27. Suppliers are especially important when their product is large part of buyer’s value added. ( )28. If buyers earn low profits and product involved is important part of their cost, then the bargaining will be less aggressive. ( )29. Different market segments need different bundles and different product. ( )30. An unattractive industry couldn’t lead the firm into withdrawal strategies or an attempt to form an alliance with competitors. ( )31. There are five interactive competitive forces that collectively determine an industry’s long-term attractiveness: present competitors, potential competitors, the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, and substitute product. ( )32. New competitors add capacity to the industry and bring with them the need to gain market share, thereby marketing competition more intense. ( )33. Its impact can be significant, particularly when a limited number of suppliers service a number of same industries. ( )34. All four competitive forces just discussed above are affected by the passage of time; therefore, their strength varies as the industry passes from its introductory stage to its growth stage and on to maturity, followed by decline. ( )35. During the maturity period, competition forces are at their strongest, and many competitors are forced to exit the industry. ( )36. Management entails planning, organizing, coordinating, leading, and controlling resource to efficiently reach these goals. ( )37. In addition to setting goals and assuming various roles, managers also employskills that fall into three basic categories: information, technical and conceptual skills. ( )38. Managers around the world use more of a contingency to survive. ( )39. First-line managers set operational objectives, which define the results necessary to achieve both the tactic objectives and the strategic goals. ( )40. The field of organizational behavior is concerned with the influence that only formal grouping has on the individuals. ( )Ⅲ.Translate the following into Chinese.1. Learning about management is important for two reasons. First, our society depends on specialized institutions and organizations to provide the goods and services we desire. These organizations are guided and directed by the decisions of one or more individuals designated as “managers”. Second, individuals not trained as managers often find themselves in managerial positions. Many individuals presently being trained to be teachers, accountants, musicians, salespersons, artists, physicians, or lawyers will one day earn their livings as managers.2. All five competitive forces just discussed above are affected by the passage of time; therefore, their strength varies as the industry passes from its introductory stage to its growth stage and on to maturity, followed by decline. Competitive forces are apt to be weakest during the fast-growth period, thus, there are substantial opportunities for gaining market share. During the shakeout period, competition forces are at their strongest, and many competitors are forced to exit the industry. During the industry maturity, competitions typically slackens, but only if the industry leader holds a strong relative position.3．The grouping that characterizes organizations is of interest to the field of organizational behavior for several reasons. First, much of the work ( both intellectual and physical ) done in organizations is quite literally performed by groups, whether they are short-term task forces or formal work groups shown on an organizational chart. We are therefore interested in predicting and explaining the functioning of these groups and controlling them so that they function effectively. You will recall that the two-person news writing/news reading team was severely disrupted by Russ’s resignation. Secondly, everyone is aware that informal grouping occurs in all organizations. That is, friendships develop and informal alliances are formed to accomplish required work: Such grouping is not prescribed by the organization and not shown on the chart, but it can have an important impact upon goal achievement. Consequently, we are interested in how such groups’ form and what their exact impact is. Finally, the field of organizational behavior is concerned with the influence that both formal and informal grouping has on the individuals who enter organizations with their own particular needs and values.4. In addition to setting goals and assuming various roles, managers also employ skills that fall into three basic categories: interpersonal, technical, and conceptual skills. As managers rise through the hierarchy, they may need to strengthen their abilities in one or more of these skills; fortunately, managerial skills can usually be learned.Ⅳ.Translate the following into English.1．在这种情况下，为了使整个体系达到其目的，折中的做法是必要的。
工商管理专业英语阅读unit1
Special English ReadingUnit 1The Evolution of Management as a Field of StudyPart 1 new words（computer，illustrative sentence）autobiography [ɔːtəbaɪ'ɒgrəfɪ] n. 自传；自传文学[ 复数 autobiographies ] we don’t have to speculate because the President tells us himself in his autobiography,Dreams from My Father.不必猜测，因为这位总统在自传中已经告诉了我们——《来自父亲的梦想》。
memoir['memwɑː]n. 回忆录；研究报告；自传；实录Until I read his memoir, I had no idea how difficultthe pressure-packed years had been for him, or how hard hehad been on himself, and me.直到我后来读了他的回忆录，才知道被压力重重包围的这些年他是多么艰难，而且他对自己和对我的要求是多么严格。
anthropologist[,ænθrə'pɒlədʒɪst]n. 人类学家；人类学者This is something I learned as an anthropologist–people loveto tell their stories.这是我作为一名人类学家所理解的----人们喜欢讲述自己的故事。
perspective n. 观点；远景；透视图adj. 透视的There is much that might be said about friendships.They allow us to seeourselves from the perspective of another.关于友谊的说法可能有很多种，这使得我们能从别人的观点里看到我们自己。
工商管理专业英语unit1-The-Evolut
• reliance: n.The act of relying or the state of being reliant. 依赖依靠
• sufficient: adj. Being as much as is needed. 充足的 • characteristic: n. A feature that helps to identify, tell
Unit One The Evolution of Management as a Field of Study
Glossary
• evolution: n . The process of developing. 发展 • generalize: v. To infer from many particulars. 概括. • autobiography: n. The biography of a person
➢ Behavioral Approach (to Management)
also called behavioral school to management, （管理学） 行为（研究）方法 here it refers to a body of literature characterized by its concern for human behavior in the work environment. The school’s primary means for acquiring knowledge is scientific method, with emphasis on research. Chronologically, the behavioral approach to management thought followed the classical approach. Its first phase was identified with human relations theory, popular in the 1940s and early 1950s. Its second phase was the behavioral science approach, which came into popular use in the early 1950s.
工商管理专业英的语词汇与专题集结分析
工商管理专业英语词汇与专题集结Unit 1 :The evolution of management as a field of studyPart 1：Glossary1、evolution n（生物进化，强调慢，由时间累加而成）change vt. 改变；交换 n. 变化；找回的零钱 vi. 改变；兑换revolution n 变革改革（工业变革、企业变革、思维变革）2、general adj 一般的，普通的；综合的；大体的 n. 一般；将军，上将；常规generalizable adj 课归纳的可概括的generalization n 概括generalize vi 形成概念 vt 概括推广generalized adj普遍的无显著特征的3、autobiography n自传自传文学biography n 传记档案个人简历4、memoir n回忆录5、extreme adj极其的extremely adv 极其地badly 极其地恶劣地非常地严重地heavily 沉重地猛烈地沉闷地（修饰可数名词）strongly 强有力地气味浓烈地（如酒的烈等）6、perspective n 观点视角 on the perspective of 以……视角respect n （可观存在的）方面aspect n（主观的）方面retrospect n 回顾 intro-- outro-- retro-- 后续7、turnover n流通量人员流失量资金周转 adj 可翻转的daily turnover 日产量annual turnover 年产量Takeaway 打包外卖8、approach（es） n 办法方法 vt 接近着手处理 vi 接近way（显而易见的）方法method（理论研究）方法Path（实现……路径）方法channel（营销方面）方法9、dynamize vt（考虑到通货膨胀等因素）增加（养老金、退休金等）价值使增加dynamical adj （连贯的）变化action 活动10、interdependent adj 相互依赖的互助的11、character n 性格特质characterize 描述（特征）Chinese character 中文汉子describe （文学）描述12、popularity n 普及声誉名望Populace n 大众民众popularization n 通俗化民众化13、reliance n 信赖信任受信赖的人或物 rely on 依赖依靠14、sufficient a 充足的15、sufficiency n 充足（可形容人自满自傲）16、alliance n 联盟联合17、complement n 补足物18、complementary adj 补足的补充的Part 21、 community n 社区社团（合法的）district n 区域地方行政communist n共产党共产主义 adj共产主义的communism n 共产主义communist party 共产党2、 social adj 社会的人际的socialism n 社会主义的社会主义者（socialist）3、 capitalism n 资本主义资本4、 imperialism n 帝国主义5、 CEO （chief executive officer）CFO （chief finance officer）COO （chief operation officer）CDO （chief design officer）6、agency n代理中介代理处travel agency 旅行社7、 managing director 总经理常务理事总裁8、 supervisor 主管9、 market share 市场占有率10、prevailing price 流行价格（基于市场的）on the prevailing price 吃回扣market cut （口语中不正当的、不合法的）回扣11、managerial competency 管理胜任能力12、insurance agency 保险机构13、task force 特别小组14、allocation of resource 资源配置15、sales associate 销售合伙人销售助理 peer 同事Unit 2：The scope of managementPart 1：Glossary1、 entail vt 使承担需要（必须的）伴随 n 零售批发entailment n 限定继承retail vt. 零售；转述 vi. 零售 n. 零售 adv. 以零售方式 adj. 零售的t ail n 尾巴2、conform v 使一致；使需要 conform to 遵照、符合Conformable a 顺从的、合适的、一致的Conformance n 顺应、一致Conformation n 构造Reform v 改革、改制Transform 变形Inform v 通知3、envision v 想像Vision n 视力、视觉、视野、远见Visible a 可见的Visionary n 空想家、梦想家Visibility n 可见物4、strive v 奋斗、争取Strive for 为……奋斗、争取（+目标或者物）Strive toward （常常+目标，朝……奋斗）Strive with +人与……一起奋斗5、mission n 使命（短期内不可实现）（难度很大）Task n 相当具体的任务（往往是上级下达的）Target n 任务目标Goal n （长期）目标Assignment n 任务分配（如大学作业，职位等）6、franchise n 代理、特许经营、特许经营权（如KFC或者HM)Dealership n 代理商、经营权Chain store 广泛性质的连锁（如绝味鸭脖）Territory sales （manager）大众化区域经理Territory dealership 区域经销权（代理商）7、tactical a （贬义）战术的（用手段完成）Tactic n 策略，战略Strategy n （褒义词）战略、策略Stick（y） a 小把戏、小技巧8、department n 部门的、院系的、科室Dept n 简写9、peer n 同级的同事Colleague n 同事Coworker n 团队同事（短期合作）10、foster v 促进、抚养、培养Promote v 职位晋升、销售的促销Promotion n 职位晋升、促销Enhance v 加强（没有strengthen程度强）Push v 强制推行或执行11、stakeholder n 持股人、股东Ower n 拥有者Partner n 搭档Manager n 管理者补充：informercial n 商业信息片Commercial n 商业，通过利益获取利润（贬义）Unit 3：What are organizations？Part 1：Glossary1、beast n 事物2、organ n 器官organize v 指人或动物的组织organization n 组织3、contrivance n 发明（物）、机械、谋划contrived a 牵强的contrive v 设计、谋划、发明4、patronage n 所有顾客谢谢惠顾patrons n 老顾客crew n （飞机、火车、船）的工作人员staff n 员工（下级）teamplayer n （比赛）成员5、impact n 影响力Impact on 对……影响influence n 影响6、associate v 联合、结合associate with…………联合7、whim n 突然想起的念头（怪）、一时兴致idea n 清晰的注意（能被人接受）thought n 伟人思想hope （可实现的）wish （虚拟的）imagination n 想象illustion n 由药物酒精而产生的幻觉fancy n 意想不到的惊喜、新潮的、昂贵的（酒店、餐厅）fancied a 空想的fanciful a 空想的（东西）fantasy n 白日梦fantistico n 爱奇思怪想的人8、achieve v 获取、取得（正面的东西）attain v 获取achievement n 成就成果achievable a 可实现的9、soul n 灵魂、人、精髓（理论、思想……）lack soul 缺乏内涵ghost泛指真正的鬼魂10、virtue n 美德By virtue of 由于……/鉴于……virtual a 虚拟的11、survival n 生存、幸存survive （in） v 靠……维持；以……存活survivable a 幸存的survivor n 幸存者12、efficiency n 功效、效率、效能efficient a 直接生效的relieve v 缓解13、intellectual a 智力的intelligence n 由于学习知识，智力的提升Central intelligence agency （CIA）中央情报局（美国）intelligible a 明白易懂的intellect n 智力、理解力、知识分子、智力高的人、思维逻辑领悟力intellection n 智力活动Intellectual property 知识产权Intellectual works 脑力活动14、chart n （泛指）图表Curve n 特指曲线图pie n 指扁形图Table n 指财务报表Form n （需写个人信息）图表（如酒店入住）Graph n （带有图片说明）图表Part 2Aspect vs RespectSide （两面的）面 by your side 在你身边Field (具体的领域）领域Area （范围广）区域Factor （文章中提到的要点、具体某点）要素Facet （立体的面）建筑物的面Dimension （指空间交叉的维度）维度Lateral 指边的Unilateral 单边的、独边的Multilateral 多变的Marginal边缘化（国际关系……）页边Refer v 参考Refer to ……as 作为……提及Reference n 参考文献Profit—oriented 营利导向的Nonprofit 非营利的Profitable 可营利的Profit vs benefitProfit 贬义词是指营利以后给的好处Benefit 褒义词包含各方面的好处Unit 4：Developing quality and competitive advantagePart 1：Glossary1、innovation n 创新、革新innovative a 创新的，革新的（突破，不一定是史无前例的创新）Creative a 创造性、创新的（指方法、观点、思想的创新，前所未有的） Innovate v 创新、创造2、optimize v 使最优化（决策）Optimization n 最优化Optimistic a 乐观的Optimist n 乐观主义者Optimism n 乐观主义Optimistical a 乐观的、乐天的Optimistically a 乐观地、乐天地3、medieval a 中世纪的、（贬）原始的、仿中世纪的、老式的medievalism n 中世纪精神、中世纪性质4、usher v 宣告、展示介绍、开始、开创5、exoticism n 异国风情、情调strange a 由陌生不熟悉产生的奇怪weird a 对行为性格、事件超出常规的奇怪exotic a 由宗教或风俗所产生的奇怪6、strenuous a 艰苦的、需要付出巨大努力的（对应achieve）effort （努力程度最轻）努力struggle v （生死线上、不是一般的努力）挣扎7、artifical a 人工智能的、非真实的、伪造的fake n 赝品counterfeit n 仿制品、仿冒品knockoff n 名牌的仿制品copycat n 没有主见的模仿（包括人和物）Shanzhai 山寨山寨手机：Robinhood cellphone8、navigate v （航海领域、空中、陆地）导航navigation n 航行、航海navigable a 可航行的、可驾驶的、适于航行的navigability n 耐航性9、prototype n 原型、标准、模范stereotype v 使用铅板、套用老套、使一成不变 n 陈腔滥调、老套、铅板Unit 5：Competitive industry environment analysisPart 1：Glossary1、long-term 长期的2、aggregation a 集合体3、carbonated a 充了碳酸气的4、alignment n 结盟5、meaningless a 无意义的、无价值的6、withdrawal n 撤退7、interactive a 互相作用的8、nutrition n 营养9、pharmaceutical a 制药的10、niche n 产品或服务所需的特殊领域11、entrant n 参加竞赛者12、replenishment n 补给补充13、alleviate v 减轻14、shakeout 经济衰退Inventory list 库存清单 future deal 期货交易 stock deal 股票交易Spot deal 现货交易 trade mark 商标 executive director执行理事第六单元和第七单元的词汇全看专业英语题型解析：选词填空：看专业英语书每单元后面练习II、Vocabulary Review的选词填空部分，试卷题目为四选一，相对简单点，但是一定要记得词汇本身固有的搭配，可参照总结的词汇。
工商管理专业英语unit
The Learning Methods of Business Administration Professional English
• Immersion in English: Learning Business Administration Professional English requires immersion in the language This can be achieved through extensive reading, writing, speaking, and listening practices in English
• Case Analysis of Business Administration Professional English
Overview of Business
01 Administration Professional English
Definition and characteristics
Definition
Business Administration Professional English is a branch of English that focuses on the language and communication needs of business administrators It emphasizes the use of English in areas such as management, marketing, finance, and operations
The Importance of Business Administration Professional English
工商管理大学英语(1)articles
Unit 1 Self-introductionLesson 1-1: Letters of self-introductionYou are a number of the ‘Pen pals’ club at the school. The blub often receives letters from students of various countries. In those letters the writers all introduce themselves. They want to ask for pen pals. Now the director of the club is putting them up on the school bulletin board. You may choose your pen pal there. What will effect you decision? It can be age, gender, or interests. Read the letters below and choose the one you are interest in.‗I am a Finnish girl, and I an 19. I want to write to a pleasant Chinese student who can speak English. I also study English at school. What I like to do most after class is cooking, swimming, and collecting stamps. Please write to : PO Box 135, 00382 Helsinki, Finland.‘‗I am a Japanese boy, and I am 18 years old. I have English lesson at school and I like them very much. I would like a pen pal who is also leaning English so that we could exchange letters in English. My hobbies are pop music, football, and coin collecting. We can talk about our hobbies in our letters. Please write to me at this address: PO box 138, Tokyo, Japan.‘―I am Charlie Smith of the United States, and I am a college student. We have many subjects in our school, but I li ke Chinese best, and I think I‘m do ing pretty well in it. Moreover, I like Chinese language so much that I practice it even after class on my own. Now I am looking for a pen pal form Chinese so that we can write letters in Chinese. Perhaps we can exchange visits some day.I love travelling and I hope to see China with my own eyes some day. Write to me and tell anything and everything about your country. I am eager to hear all about it .‖New wordsIntroduction [,ɪntrə'dʌkʃən]n.介绍Pal [pæl]n.朋友(口),伙伴Club[klʌb] n. 俱乐部Various ['vɛəriəs]a.不同的,多方面的;各种各样的Introduce[,ɪntrə'dju:s]vt. 介绍;传入;引进Director [di'rektə]n.负责人,主管;理事Bulletin ['bulitin]n.公告;布告Board[bɔ:d] n.木板Affect[ə'fekt] vt.影响Decision[di'siʒən] n.决定;裁决Gender ['dʒendə]n.性别Interest['intrist] n.兴趣;利益;利息vt.使(某人)感兴趣Collect[kə'lekt] vt .收集,收藏Exchange[iks'tʃeindʒ]vt .交换,互换;交流Hobby ['hɔbi]n. 业余爱好Coin[kɔin] n. 硬币Address[ə'dres] n. 地址Subject['sʌbdʒikt] n. 学科,科目;主题Pretty ['priti]ad. 相当a.非常,Moreover[mɔ:'rəuvə]ad.而且,此外Practice['præktis]v. 练习n. 实践Eager['i:ɡə] a.热切的,渴望的,迫切的Exercise['eksəsaiz] v.PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSpen pal 笔友ask fo r 要求,请求put up 张贴bulletin board公告栏;布告牌be interested in对…感兴趣PO box 邮政信箱would lik e想要pop music 流行音乐talk abou t 谈论do well 学得好;成功;做得好so … that (表示目的)为的是,以便;(表示结果)如此…以至于…,结果on one‘s own单独地,靠自己地;独自some day/ someday将来有一天,总有一天be eager to do sth. 热切期望做某事,渴望做某事,急切想做某事Look forward to doing热切希望Expect[iks'pekt]vt. 期望so … that (表示目的)为的是,以便;(表示结果)如此…以至于…,结果Proper namesFinnish ['finiʃ]adj. 芬兰的/人的/语的n.芬兰语Helsinki['helsiŋki]n. 赫尔辛基Finland['fɪnlənd]n. 芬兰Tokyo ['təukjəu]n. 东京Charlie smith['tʃɑ:lɪ][smɪθ]查理.史密斯United states 美国Other wordsComprehension [,kɔmpri'henʃən]n.理解Comprehensible[,kɔmprɪ'hensəbəl] a.理解的Decisive [di'saisiv]adj.决定性的Decision [di'siʒən]n.决定Decide [di'said]v.决定Passage ['pæsidʒ]n. 信息Passenger['pæsindʒə]n乘客Director[di'rektə]n.责任人Direct [di'rekt] vt管理,指导Choice [tʃɔis]n.选择Choose[tʃu:z]vt. & vi. 选择Collection[kə'lekʃən]n收集Collect [kə'lekt]vt.收集Trend [trend]n趋势Consumer[kən'sju:mə]n消费者Consume[kən'sju:m]vt消费/耗Consumable[kən'sju:məbl]adj.n消费的, 消费appropriate[ə'prəupriit]adj适当的, [ə'prəuprieit]n挪用sales department销售部envelop[en'veləp]vt.包围, 笼罩, 包住envelope['envələup]n.信封toss [tɔs]vt. & vi.抛起扔; 投; 抛；(使)摇荡; 使颠簸Lesson 1-2 Introducing OneselfTo introduce oneself is to give information about oneself. This information usually includes your name, date and palace of birth, address, phone number, education, work experience, interests, hobbies and so forth. In this way you let others know who you are. When you do the self-introduction, you sometime concentrate only on one event, person, place, or experience in order to show a certain aspect of your life. Look at the following example of self-introduction.Good morning, everyone! This is our first lesson and I‘d like to introduce myself to you. My name is David Hume. Just call me David, please. I am form United States, and I wasborn into a teacher family. My father was a primary school art teacher. I was only boy among seven children in my family. That was enough to make me important, but my father loved me especially, because he knew his son was going to an artist. When I was small, I used to spend hours by myself drawing lovely small animals. If my mother sent me out to play in the square, I would go on drawing in the dust under the trees. One of my favorite models was my younger sister Linda. My father did not have much word to do at the school, so he was able to teach me in his spare time. In 2002, I graduate in art form Boston university. You know the story form there, I think. I love china and I love Chinese people. That is why I am here.New wordsInformation [,ɪnfə'meiʃən]n.信息,消息;情报Include[in'klu:d] vt.包括,包含Education [,edju:'keiʃən]n.教育Experience[iks'piəriəns] n.经历;经验,阅历vt.经历Aspect['æspekt] n.方面Following['fɔləuiŋ] a.下列的,接着的Primary ['praiməri] a.初级的;最初的Art [ɑ:t]n.美术;艺术Especially[is'peʃəli] ad.特别地Artist ['ɑ:tist]n.画家;艺术家Square [skwɛə]n.楼间空地;广场Dust [dʌst]n.尘土;灰尘Favorite .[ˈfeivərit]a.特别喜爱的n.特别喜爱的人或物Model ['mɔdəl]n.模特儿;模型Spare [spɛə] a.空闲的,多余的Graduate['ɡrædjueit]v.毕业['ɡrædjuit]arj.n.University [,ju:ni'və:siti]n.综合性大学concentrate['kɔnsəntreit]vt. & vi.专心于; 注意；集中, 聚集vt.浓缩forth[fɔ:θ]adv.向前, 往外Phrases and expressionsWork experience工作经验and so forth等等;诸如此类etc. and so as, etc.[it'setrə]et ceterain this way以这种方式concentrate on sth. 全神贯注于某事,专心致志于某事in order to为了,方便introduce oneself to sb.把自己介绍给别人be born into 出生于(家庭)used to do sth. 过去习惯/常做某事by oneself on one‘s ow n 单独地send(sb.) out让(某人)出去;派出,送出go on doing sth. 继续(不断)做某事graduate in … form …从….(学校)…(专业)毕业graduation 毕业Proper namesDavid hume['deivid] [hju:m]大卫.休姆Linda ['lində]琳达Boston['bɔstən]n波士顿Boston university波士顿大学OtherDrop out of school辍学seriously['sɪərɪəslɪ]adv.严重地;危险地;认真地;严肃地;真的(表示吃惊)；说真的；<非正>很;非常Christmas['krisməs]n.圣诞节proper ['prɔpə]adj.适合的; 适当的; 适用的;恰当的；遵守规则的; 正确的；严格意义的;固有特有的preposition[,prepə'ziʃən]n.介词be suppose to doNouns [naun] n.1.名词Elect [i'lekt]vt.(进行)选举, 推举；选择, 决定(做某事) 推选courage['kʌridʒ]n.勇气, 胆量fruit[fru:t]n.成果, 结果；水果; 果实equipment[i'kwipmənt]n.设备furniture['fə:nitʃə]n.家具committee[kə'miti]n.委员会communicate[kə'mju:nikeit]vt. & vi.传达/播,通知withcommunion[kə'mju:njən]n.交流,友谊communist[ˈkɔmjunist]arj.n.共产主义者,…的communitarian[kəˈmju:niˈtɛəriən]n共产主义/成员的community[kə'mju:niti]n.社会communize['kɔmjunaiz]v.使公有化proverb['prɔvəb]n.谚语,从所周的人或物inaccurate[ɪn'ækjərɪt]adj.不准确的situation[,sitju'eiʃən]n.环境,趋势bracket ['brækit]n.括弧框架,括号vt放入…括号government['ɡʌvənmənt]n.政府italicize[i'tælisaiz]vt.用斜体字排字,在字下划横线survive [sə'vaiv]vi.幸存,活下来vt.比…活得长, 经历…之后还存在survivor [sə'vaivə]n.幸存者;残存者;生还者survival[sə'vaivəl]n.幸存, 生存；残存的人[物]; 遗物; 遗风secretary['sekrətəri]n.秘书；书记；部长, 大臣airport['ɛəpɔ:t]n.航空站, 机场, 航空港why[hwai]adv.为什么int.呵唷, 哎呀, 嗨yeah['jeə]adv.( yes的俗音)；(用于表示对后说的话不相信)task[tɑ:sk]n.工作; 任务; 差事Michael smithNancy churchPhil wattsLinda brownBritainUnit 2 Meeting and introducing peopleLesson 2-1 Meeting and greeting customsPeople follow some customs in social situation. A younger person is usually introduced to an older one; a man is introduced to a woman; a guest to the host or hostess, and a person go a group. When making an introduction, we should mention the name of the person we respect first. When introducing a man and a woman, we should mention the woman‘s name first(unless the man is very old of very famous). When introducing two men of two women, we should put the older person‘s name first. If both are the same age, it is not important which the name comes first.People nod, smile and usually shake hands when they introduced to each other. In a business situation, men always shake hands with one another. But women do not often shake hands when they meet for the first time.Here are some different meeting and greeting customs around the world:In Chile, people usually shake hands when they meet for the first time. When two women first meet, they sometime kiss each other on the cheek. Women also greet both male and female friend with a kiss. Chilean men give their friends warm hugs or sometime kiss women on the cheek.Finns greet each other with a firm handshake. Hugs and kiss are only for close friends and family.People in the United States shake hands when they are first introduced. Friends and family numbers often hug and kiss on the cheek when they meet each other. In these situation, menkiss women but not other men.British people rarely keep hold of your hands for very long then they shake hands. But in many other countries in the world it is not polite to let go off hand to soon. Unfortunately, this makes many people think the British people are not friendly.New wordsGreet [ɡri:t]vt.问候,向…致意Custom ['kʌstəm]n.习惯,风俗Follow['fɔləu] vt.遵从;跟随Social ['səuʃəl]a.社交的;社会的;爱交际的Situation[,sitju'eiʃən]n.场合;形势occasionHost [həust] n.主人,主持人vt.主办;担任…的主持Guest [ɡest] n.来客,vt款待vi作客Hostess ['həʊstɪs]n.女主人;女房东Mention['menʃən]vt.&n.提及,说起Motion['məuʃən]vt.(向…)打手势, 示意n.(物体的)运动；手势Respect[ris'pekt] vt.&n敬重,尊敬Unless[ʌn'les] conj.除非….Nod[nɔd] v.&n.点头Shake[ʃeik] v.&n.shook,shaken 摇动,摇Different ['difərənt]a.不同的,有区别的Cheek[tʃi:k] n.脸颊,脸蛋儿Hug[hʌɡ] v &n.hugged, hugged 拥抱Firm[fə:m] a.有力的;牢固的;坚决的Handshake['hænd,ʃeɪk]n.握手Rarely['rɛəli]ad.很少地,罕有的Polite[pə'lait]a.有礼貌的;客气的Unfortunately[,ʌn'fɔ:tʃənitli] ad.不幸地Phrases and expressionssocial situation社交场合occasion[ə'keiʒən]n.shake hands (with)与…握手one another互相each otheraround the world在世界范围内,在世界各地keep hold of握住for long长久地;长期地(多用于否定及疑问句)let go off 松开,放开Proper namesChile['tʃili]n.智利Chilean['tʃiliən]n.智利人,智利的Finn [fin]n.芬兰人Others wordsmanners['mænə]n.方式, 方法；态度；礼貌, 规矩；(人或物的)种类opinion[ə'pinjən]n.观点attitude['ætitju:d]n.态度, 看法；姿态, 姿势affair [ə'fɛə]n.发生的事情; 大事; 事件；事务, 事态event[i'vent]n.事件, 大事；运动项目privacy ['praivəsi]n.隐私extra['ekstrə]adj.额外的interrupt[,ɪntə'rʌpt]vt. & vi.打断keep hold ofinjure['indʒə]vt.受外伤suitable['sju:təbl]adj.适宜的necessary['nesisəri]adj.需要n.translate [træns'leit]vt. & vi.转换Lesson 2-2 Meeting and making friends on campusWhat con you do when you find yourself in the school without enough friends? You can try to meet and make friends on campus! It is not difficult task. There are several methods to master, and you may find it easy when you try them out.You can start by looking around at people in your classes, dorms and dining halls. You will see them very often. An easy way to start a conversation is to talk about everyone is interested in. For example, before of after classes, ask, ―did you get the assignment for next week?‖ or ― what did you think of the professor‘s theory of …?‖ This helps you start a conversation. Be sure to introduce yourself before the end of the conversation.If your campus has other dining places, such as a café of a small restaurant, them there will be more opportunitie s for meeting people. After you‘ve introduced yourself and talked about class, it‘s the perfect time to ask the other person to join you for a cup of coffee of dinner in one of these places. Once you are at the table, if should be easier to talk about where you‘re form, what your major is , what you think of the class, whether it is easy or hard, etc. It will be much easier to suggest meeting again in other places.There are many other places where you will see people over and over again. Join a club,interest group of sports team. This means joining a community, and it is also a good way to meet people. You can get a job writing for the school newspaper. Read the newspaper of go online to look for social events.Attend concerts and cultural events. All these help one meet people with common interests in a relaxed setting.New wordsCampus ['kæmpəs]n..n校园task[tɑ:sk] n.任务;工作method['meθəd] n.方法master['mɑ:stə]vt.撑握,精通n.主人；男教师; 院长；大师adj.精通的dorm[dɔ:m] n. dormitory['dɔ:mitri] n.宿舍;寝室conversation [,kɔnvə'seiʃən]n会话assignment [ə'sainmənt]n分配的..作业;任务theory['θiəri] n理论;学说café n 咖啡馆,小餐馆opportunity[,ɔpə'tju:niti] n良机,机会perfect['pə:fikt] a.完美的,无瑕的,级好的[pə'fekt]vt.使…完美; 改善once[wʌns] conj.一旦Major ['meidʒə]n a.专业Subject ['sʌbdʒikt]n.项目,科目[səb'dʒekt]vt.使服从, 征服, 制伏Suggest [sə'dʒest]vt建议Community[kə'mju:niti] n.团体;社区Event [i'vent]n.大事;事件Cultural['kʌltʃərəl]a.文化的;与文化有关的Common ['kɔmən]a.共同的,公共的;常见的__普遍的;一般的Relaxed [rɪ'lækst]a.轻松的;不拘束的Setting ['setiŋ]n环境,背景backgroundPhrases and expressionsMake friends with sb.与.交友on campus在校园里try out 试验look around/round寻找;到外看be sure to do sth. 一定/务必做某事,口语Such as =for example例如,像-用于举例join sb. For sth.与某人一起-做某事;加入whether … or …是… 还是…over and over (again)再三地,重复地interest group兴趣小组go online 上网hold a conversationlook for寻找(某人或某物)look up向上看; 抬头看;查找seek[si:k]vt. & vi.寻找; 探寻vi.企图; 试图vt.请求, 征求; 求教Other wordsideal[ai'diəl]adj理想的mainly['meɪnli:]adv.主要地direct[di'rekt] director[di'rektə]n.主管;负责人;理事employ[im'plɔi] employer[im'plɔiə]n. 雇主employee[,emplɔi'i:]n.雇员calculate['kælkjuleit] calculator['kælkjuleitə]n.计算器/者translate [træns'leit] translation[træns'leiʃən]n.译者;翻译器invent [in'vent] vt. inventor[ɪn'ventə]n.发明家articles 冠词pronouns['prəunaun]n.名词movie['mu:vi]n.电影award[ə'wɔ:d]vt.n.奖wounded[ˈwu:ndɪd]adj.伤员的practice makes perfect 熟能生巧statue of liberty自由女神像['stætju:] n.雕像, 塑像['libəti]n.自由, 自主；〈正式〉许可权looking-glass =mirror镜子indefinite[in'definit]adj.无限期的；不明确的prize[praiz]n奖vt.珍视, 珍惜soccer['sɔkə]n.英式足球mechanical[mi'kænikəl]adj.机械的engineering[,endʒi'niəriŋ]n.工程学mechanics[mɪ'kænɪks]n.机械学electrical[i'lektrikəl]adj.电的quotation[kwəu'teiʃən]n.报价Unit 3 FamiliesLesson 3-1 Types of FamiliesGreat changes have taken place in the types of families over the last 100 years. In the past, parents, their children, and their children‘s children often lived together in a big family. Such a big family is called an extended family. In some places, the type of family even included relative by marriage, who are called in-law s, as well a s the sons and daughter of brothers and sisters, in other words, nephews and niece s.Nowaday s in many countries, the extended family is no longer very common. Instead, only two generation s, parents and children, live together. This is called a nuclear family, There are some reasons for that.First of all, young are becoming independent financially. Therefore, they are unwilling to depend on their parents. Secondly, these days the youth want to have their own privacy. Thirdly, children are supposed to become more independent and responsible, and develop a closer relationship with their parents.However, in the United States, the number of the nuclear family is also decreasing because of the influence s of some factor s such as divorce. As a result , there is an increasing number of single-parent familie s, or families with only a mother or only a father. In addition another kind of family is appear ing, which is called a blend ed family. This is a family in which two persons remarry. These two persons both once got divorced. But have children. In the new family, they make both groups of children live together.There is another type of family with double income but no kids, namely DINK. DINK family chooses not to have children for many different reasons. One of the reasons is that more and more young couples don‘t want to take too many responsibility. They just want more freedom for themselves.New wordsType [taip]n.类型v打字Extend[iks'tend]v. 扩充,延伸;延长Spread [spred]v.伸开spray[sprei]vt. & vi.喷n.浪花, 飞沫；喷雾Expand [iks'pænd]v 扩大,发展Relative['relətiv] n.亲戚Marriage ['mæridʒ]n.婚姻,结婚in-law ['ɪn,lɔ:]n.姻亲,亲家nephew['nefju:] n.侄子,外甥niece[ni:s]n.侄女,外甥女nowadays['nauədeiz]ad.现今,现在instead[in'sted] ad.取而代之,代替generation[,dʒenə'reiʃən] n.一代人;世代nuclear['nju:kliə]a.核心的;原子核的reason['ri:zən] n.原因,理由independent[,ɪndi'pendənt] a.独立的;不受约束的financially[faɪˈnænʃəlɪ] ad.经济上,财政上therefore ['ðɛəfɔ:]ad.因此unwilling [ʌn'wɪlɪŋ]a.不愿意的,勉强的depend[di'pend]vi.依靠,依赖Privacy ['praivəsi]n.独处而不受干扰的善,不受干扰的自由;个人权利,隐私Suppose[sə'pəuz]vt.认定;料想;假定conj.如果Responsible[ri'spɔnsəbl]a.有责任的,负责任的Develop [di'veləp]v.(使)发展,开发;生长Relationship[ri'leiʃənʃip] n.关系,关联However[hau'evə] ad.然而,但是Decrease [di:'kri:s]v减少['di: kri:s] n.减少,减少之量Influence['influəns]n.影响,作用vt影响Factor['fæktə] n.因素Divorce [di'vɔ:s]n.与…离婚Increase['inkri:s] n 增加[in'kri:s]v增大Reduce[ri'dju:s] v 减,减少Appear[ə'piə] v.出现;看来link v.显得, 似乎Blend[blend]vt.混合n.混合物Remarry [,ri:'mærɪ]v.再婚Double ['dʌbl] v.双重的,两倍的Double a. v.使加倍Income ['inkəm]n.收入,所得Namely ['neimli]ad.即,也就是Couple ['kʌpl]n.夫妻;一对,一双Responsibility [ri,spɔnsə'biliti]n.责任Freedom ['fri:dəm] n.自由,自主Phrases and expressionstake place 发生extended family近亲在内的大家庭as well as 和,以及in other words换言之no longer 不再nuclear family核心家庭first of all 顺序的首先be unwilling to do sth.不乐意做某事depend on 依赖,依靠be supposed to do sth.应该,被期望或要求做某事because of因为,由于as a result 结果single-parent family单亲家庭in addition 此外,另外take responsibility (for)为…负责任because of +nbecause 从句Lesson 3-2 Who can bridge the generation gap?—Grandparents!As grandparents, we are include in our family‘s daily lives. However, we are the ones that can bridge that generation gap in the family. Even though it is not an easy role for us to play, it is an important one, for we are more experienced in life, and more open-minded to what‘s happening in our families.Today‘s grandchildren, for example 12 and 13 years olds, are like 17 and 18 year olds. Wow, that is pretty terrible—and yet it can be pretty wonderful if they are guide d the correct way. It is important for us to be at hand and keep those lines of communication open.In my particular family, five kids and six grandchildren, my life definitely seems to be an ongoing soap opera. As a senior, I have learned to become more flexible and have become an important part in taking care of my grandchildren.My 18-year-old granddaughter had a huge difficultly in communicating with her mother and father. Thank goodness I keep an open door. I call ed a family meeting with her mother and did. Together, we work ed things out. It definitely helped that my children and grandchildren realize d that I would always be fare to both sides.As senior, we should not play any serious role. B ut remember, ―parenting‖ never stops. Believe me , I still get up, get out, and have a life. But we can never give up what we have worked so hard to protect–―the family.‖New wordsBridge[bridʒ]vt架起…桥梁Daily['deili]a.日常的Gap[ɡæp]n.差距;缺口Role[rəul]n.角色;作用Experienced[ɪk'spɪəri:ənst]adj.有经验的,老练的open-minded['əʊpən'maɪndɪd]adj无偏见的;愿意接受新思想的yet[jet]conj.然而,但是adv.还, 尚, 仍然；已经；甚至, 更guide[ɡaid]vt.引导;指导n.指导者；向导, 导游communication[kə,mju:ni'keiʃən]n.交流;通讯,联络particular[pə'tikjulə]adj特定地;特殊地definitely['definitli]adv.肯定地;明确地ongoing['ɔn,gəʊɪŋ]adj.正在进行的soap[səup]n.肥皂opera['ɔpərə]n.歌剧,剧senior['si:njə]adj.n年长的;长辈a.较年长的,(地位,级别)较高的flexible['fleksəbl]adj.灵活的,易弯曲的huge[hju:dʒ]ad巨大的,宠大的jcommunicate[kə'mju:nikeit]vt. & vi.沟通,交流cause[kɔ:z]n.原因,起因vt.成为…的原因; 导致；引起call[kɔ:l]vt. & vi.宣布召开,召集realize['riəlaiz]vt.认识到,体会到;实现fair[fɛə]adj.公平的,公正的serious['siəriəs]adj.严肃的;认真的,严重的;重大的protect[prə'tekt]vt.保护,保卫Phrases and expressionseven thought/if即使,尽管play a … role 扮演…角色at hand接近的,在身边line of communication沟通渠道soap opera肥皂剧,连续剧communicate with sb.与…沟通thank goodness谢天谢地work out弄懂某事,找出答案;理解solve[sɔlv]vt.处理be fair to 对…公平get up起床get out外出起动(参观,会友等)give up放弃even thought/if即使,尽管have difficulty (in ) doing sthOthers wordsfocus['fəukəs]vt. & vi.(使)集中, (使)聚集；调整(镜头, 眼睛)焦点[焦距]以便看清n.焦点, 焦距; 中心adjectives['ædʒiktiv]n.形容词adverb['ædvə:b]n.副词deaf[def]adj.聋的；不愿听的, 装聋的leafleather['leðə]n.皮, 皮革brilliant['briljənt]adj.闪光的, 明亮的；光辉的, 辉煌的steel[sti:l]n.钢, 钢铁vt.使坚强, 使坚定silk[silk]n.丝, 绸bright[brait]adj.光亮的, 闪光发光的；鲜艳/亮的；生气勃勃的, 愉快的; 幸福的；聪明的, 伶俐的；前途光明的brick[brik]n.砖, 砖块vt.用砖砌,用砖堵住Spanish-stylereject[ri'dʒekt]vt.拒绝, 谢绝; 驳回；舍弃, 排斥, 退掉['ri:dʒekt]n.被拒货品, 不合格产品probably['prɔbəbli]adv.大概; 或许; 可能gradually[ˈgrædjʊəlɪ] adv.1.逐步地,渐渐地,渐进的reunion[,ri:'ju:niən]n.团聚,团圆cousin['kʌzn]n.堂/表兄弟/姊妹as a matter of fact实际上,不瞒你说You bet.俗—当然/真的/的确Hawaii[hə'wɑ:i:]n.夏威夷Single['siŋɡl]adj.单身Divorced[dɪˈvɔ:st] adj.离婚Separated['sepərit]adj.分居['sepəreit]vt. & vi.分开, 隔离Widowed[ˈwɪdəʊd]adj寡居Unit 4 Home and hometownLesson 4-1 HomeBill and Barri Hamilton didn‘t imagine that they would make their home at an old school house someday. One day they drove to Martindale. It is a small town located in south-west of the U.S.A. They came for a German car. Bill has a business of buying and selling old cars. Then they found the Martindale schoolhouse and fell in love with it. It was for sale and they wanted to buy it. Some local people were worried that their loved schoolhouse would be a lot of different, but the Hamiltons said they felt like its doorkeeper s.At last they bought it. They make the old schoolhouse into their comfortable home. They built a garden and a swimming pool behind the house. They built two kitchen s, three bathroom, four toilet s, four drawing-room s and eight bedroom s inside it. They even had a dancing-hall in the central part of the house and they repair ed the playground. Most importantly, the schoolhouse looks almost the same as it was before.Small-town life, especially living in an old school, might seem an unusual choice for the Hamiltons. So they stared their new country life. Barri Hamilton says she and her husband have made many friends in Martindale. She didn‘t make so many friends in the city though she lived there for 30 years.Buying the school was a ―sensitive thing‖ for some resident s, because so many had been educate d there. ―It‘s important that Bill and I explain to everybody that we feel like thedoorkeepers of this school,‖ Barri says. ―When we are gone, we‘ll leave it in better shape that when we found it.‖New wordsImagine[i'mædʒin]vt.料想;设想suppose[sə'pəuz]vt.料想; 猜想; 以为；假定, 假设conj.如果Locate[ləu'keit]vt. & vi.使坐落于;将(某物)设置在某处Business['biznis]n.买卖,商业,贸易Schoolhouse['sku:l,haʊs]n.校舍Sale[seil]n.出售,销售Local['ləukəl]adj.本地的,地方的Worried[ˈwʌrɪd] adj.担心的,忧虑的Beloved[bi'lʌvd]adj.深受的,亲爱的Doorkeeper['dɔ:,ki:pə]n.看门人Comfortable['kʌmfətəbl]adj.舒适的,舒坦的Kitchen['kitʃin]n.厨房Toilet['tɔilit]n.卫生间,厕所drawing-room客厅,起居室['drɔ:ɪŋ,ru:m]n.绘画, 制图；图画, 图样bedroom['bed,ru:m]n.卧室,房间dancing-hall舞厅central['sentrəl]adj.中间的,中央的repair[ri'pɛə]vt维修,修理n.修理,修理playground['pleiɡraund]n.操场,运动场importantly[im'pɔ:təntli]ad重要的是;自以为了不起地unusual[,ʌn'ju:ʒuəl]adj.不平常的,与众不同的choice[tʃɔis]adj.n选择sensitive['sensitiv]adj.敏感的;灵敏的resident['rezidənt]n.居民adj.educate['edju:keit]vt. & vi教育explain[iks'plein]vt. & vi.解释;说明explanation n.gone[gɔ:n, gɔn]adj.离开的;逝去的shape[ʃeip]n.状态;形状,样子Phrases and expressionsbe located in位于,坐落在fall in love (with sb. Of sth.) 喜欢,爱上(某人/某物)for sale 待售,出卖be worried (about)担心,忧虑feel like sth. / doing sth. 想要某物,想要做某事make … into 使转变为;把…制成swimming pool游泳池the same … as =in the same way与…一样small-town life小镇生活leave sth. in good shape使…保持良好状态Proper namesBill比尔[bɪl] n.比尔(男子名, William 的昵称)Barri hamiltom芭莉.汉密尔顿Martindale马丁德尔(地名)German['dʒɜ:mən]adj.德国(人)的n.德语的;德国人Other wordsprobable['prɔbəbl]adj.很可能的, 大概的; 或有的condition[kən'diʃən]n.条件fresh [freʃ]adj.新鲜的electricity[ilek'trisiti]n.电,电流；热情have difficulty (in ) doing sthmake 制造,制作;使….;赚(挣)钱;铺(床)make friends whithmake…into 将…改变成;将…转变成make one‘s home at/in 把家安在sattle downLesson 4-2 Waterford, My hometownWaterford is the oldest city in Ireland. It‘s walled city and it was built by the Vikings in 853, and was later extended by the Anglo Normans.During the 18th century, the industry of the city developed, most famously its glass industry. Today the port in Waterford is still one of Ireland‘s busiest ports.Waterford is located between Dublin and Cork. One can take a day trip to both of these cities. Get ting to Waterford is easy. You can go there by bus of by train. There is a small airport located just outside the city but there are only a few flight s. A day‘s trip around Waterfod City is very possible on food though buses can be taken.Waterford castle is a beautiful place to visit. It is a huge building on its own island. However, if you can‘t afford to stay for a night, It is a wonderful thing to have afternoon tea there.The new library of Waterford City is a good place for reading of just for relaxing. Also, you may surf the Internet for free there. The City Square is beside it. If you are in Ireland around the beginning of August, make sure you go to Sproi in Waterford. There is one ofIreland‘s greatest street festival s in Sproi, and over 40.000 people attend it . All weekend long there are street parades, concert s and entertainment s. Waterford may be quiet but for this weekend it really comes alive!I‘m look ing forward to greeting you at my hometown.New wordsCentury['sentʃuri]n.世纪Industry['indəstri]n.工业,产业Famously['feiməsli]ad.出名地,久负盛名地Glass[ɡlɑ:s]n.玻璃;玻璃杯Port[pɔ:t]n.港口pot[pɔt]n.罐, 锅, 壶airport ['ɛəpɔ:t]n.n.飞机场flight[flait]n. n.航班;飞行possible['pɔsəbl]a.可能的castle['kɑ:sl]n.n.城堡afford [ə'fɔ:d]v.担负得起,买得起library ['laibrəri]n.图书馆relaxing[ri'læksiŋ]a.使人放松的internet ['intənet]n.互联网august [ɔ:'ɡʌst]adj.n.八月festival ['festəvəl]n.n.庆祝活动;节日attend [ə'tend] v.出席,参加concert ['kɔnsət]n.音乐会entertainment[,entə'teinmənt]n.娱乐;招待quiet ['kwaiət]a.安静的quite[kwait]adv.完全地;整体地;十分地;相当alive[ə'laiv]a.有活力的;活的Phrases and expressionstake a day trip一日游get to 到达,抵达surf the internet上网[sə:f]n.拍岸浪花vi.滑浪, 作冲浪运动for free免费the city square市政广场make sure确保;查明street festival街头庆祝活动come alive活跃起来look forward to sth/doing sth.盼望,期待做某事Proper namesWaterford沃特福特Ireland['aɪələnd]n.爱尔兰Viking维京人['vaikiŋ]n.海盗,北欧海盗,〈口〉斯堪的纳维亚人。
工商导论unit1
2) Forms of Business Ownership
• • Legal Classification Economic types Based Classification
Starting a Small Business
2) Forms of Business Ownership
Legal Classification
financial resources and skills
fund, maintain, and expand its operation responsible manner, business ethics
laws and government regulations,
Contents
Unit 1 & 12
3. The People and Activities of Business
all activities concerned with obtaining money and using it effectively
The Organization of This Book
Figure 1.1
• Sole Proprietorship 独资企业 • Partnership 合伙企业 • Corporation 公司
Economic types Based Classification
• • • • • • • State-owned Enterprises 国有企业 Collectively-owned Enterprises 集体所有制企业 Private Enterprises 私营企业 Corporate Enterprises (Joint-equity Enterprises) 股份制企业 Joint Venture 联营企业 Foreign-funded Enterprises 外商投资企业 Joint-equity cooperative Enterprises 股份合作企业
工商管理专业英语(上课用)(2011.9.2)(1)课件
界图书出版公司 5. 韩其顺.《英汉科技翻译教程》.上海外语教育出
版社 6. 注：★项为重点推荐参考书。
工商管理专业英语(上课用)(2011.9.2)(1)
§2 Basic Knowledge of Translation 翻译的基本知识
工商管理专业英语(上课用)(2011.9.2)(1)
d.不断吸收和丰富各种基础知识， 了解有关国家的地理、历史、政 治、经济、文化、风土人情等。
e.努力提高本汉语与外语水平,对 提高翻译质量很有帮助。
工商管理专业英语(上课用)(2011.9.2)(1)
There is no pot so ugly that it can’t find a lid.
⑥也可以到学校英语角锻炼口语，提高英语学习 兴趣。
工商管理专业英语(上课用)(2011.9.2)(1)
B.多听录音带，听到不看课本也能
完全听懂为止，建立良好“听力条 件反射”，打好听力基础；
工商管理专业英语(上课用)(2011.9.2)(1)
C. 多记英语词根、词缀，通过构
词法来快速扩大词汇量。构词法 对工商管理专业词汇的学习非常 重要。
工商管理专业英语(上课用)(2011.9.2)(1)
Even Homer sometimes nod.
工商管理专业英语(上课用)(2011.9.2)(1)
翻译一：即便是荷马也会犯错误； 翻译二：人非圣贤孰能无过？ 翻译三：人即便再聪明也有犯错误的 时候。
工商管理专业英语(上课用)(2011.9.2)(1)
鲁迅的“信与顺”。
工商管理专业英语(上课用)(2011.9.2)(1)
• 科技英语的翻译标准：信与顺。
工商管理专业英语2 Unit 1经济学
商品价格稳定，市场货源充足。
6. household
Today, fashion designers are household names. 如今，服装设计师们家喻户晓。 household name 家喻户晓的人或事 · household goods/articles家庭用品；日用商品 household garbage生活垃圾；家庭垃圾 household service家政服务 household income家庭收入 household chores家务琐事 household (electrical) appliance家用电器 head of the household 家长，户主
他认为人类有自私利己的天性，因此追求自利并非不道德之事。倘若 放任个人自由竞益，同时有一只“看不见的手（指市场）”使社会资
源分配达到最佳状态。
3.2 Macroeconomics 宏观经济学
It is concerned with the overall performance of the economy . 宏观经济学是研究整个经济的运行。
The Economist 中文网
Unit 1 Economics
第一单元 经济学 1. Glossary (new words)
2. Text
3. Questions 4. Summary
Part I Glossary (Page 3)
1. aspect Climate and weather affect every aspect of our lives. 气候和天气影响我们生活的每个方面。 the financial aspect of the business 财务方面
产业组织国际经济学国际贸易与产业组织国际经济学国际贸易与国际金融公共经济学公共财国际金融公共经济学公共财货币金融学制度经济学农业经济货币金融学制度经济学农业经济发展经济学劳动经济学等发展经济学劳动经济学等132133经济学研究的基本假设134价值悖论水与钻石的价值
工商管理外文翻译及译文
外文资料商管031 梅文飞 0364027Competing in the global economy: the innovation challengeRt. Hon. Tony Blair, Lord Sainsbury. Innovation Report.2003.12: 17-31，52-65. Chapter 1 The innovation challengeSummaryGlobal competition is increasing as a result of trade liberalization, technological change and reductions in transport and communication costs. UK based businesses will find it increasingly difficult to compete on low costs alone in labour intensive industries exposed to international competition. The challenge for businesses is to compete on the basis of unique value.We have defined innovation as the successful exploitation of new ideas and it is central to meeting this challenge. It involves investments in new products, processes or services and in new ways of doing business. Measures to develop the skills and creativity of the workforce are often an essential prerequisite. The speed of technological change and market responses make the challenge to innovate urgent and continuous.Overall UK innovation performance appears to be, at best, average compared to our major competitors. This is reflected in the large productivity gap that exists between the UK and its major competitors. Innovation performance accounts for a significant proportion of this gap. On the whole, UK firms face a challenge: how to raise their rate of innovation?Innovation is a complex process so understanding why the UK has a relatively modest innovation performance is not straightforward. We drew on an extensive review of the international innovation literature and consulted with a group of leading experts in the field.As a result we have identified seven critical success factors for innovation performance. They are:Sources of new technological knowledge；Capacity to absorb and exploit new knowledge；Access to finance；Competition and entrepreneurship；Customers and suppliers；The Regulatory environment；Networks and collaboration.They help us to identify current strengths and weaknesses of the UK innovation system. A highly abridged summary is provided in this chapter but the more detailedanalysis is contained in an accompanying economic report.Our vision is of the UK as a key knowledge hub in the global economy. A country that will have maintained its outstanding tradition in the advance of scientific and technological knowledge while developing a similar level of performance in turning knowledge into exciting and novel products and services.The Report complements the Lambert Review of University-Business links as well as the cross-Government Skills Strategy. It makes proposals to strengthen UK performance against all the success factors building upon initiatives that have gone before.What is innovation?1.1. Innovation in this Report is defined as the successful exploitation of new ideas. Ideas may be entirely new to the market or involve the application of existing ideas that are new to the innovating organization or often a combination of both. Innovation involves the creation of new designs, concepts and ways of doing things, their commercial exploitation, and subsequent diffusion through the rest of the economy and society. It is this last–diffusion–phase from which the bulk of the economic benefits flow. Most innovations are incremental–a succession of individually modest improvements to products or services over their life cycle. But a few will be dramatic, creating entirely new industries or markets.1.2. Innovation involves experimentation and risk taking. Some attempts to innovate will fail, but across the economy the successes outweigh the failures. And the failures themselves generate new knowledge, which if evaluated correctly, can improve the chances for future success. The risk of failure justifies the potentially high returns from successes, which provide the incentive to innovate in the first place. Successful innovation-led companies have a number of common characteristics (Box 1.1). Characteristics of innovation-led companies:A worldwide focus, often requiring early expansion overseas;A balanced growth strategy, based on organic growth and targeted acquisitions to enter new markets or acquire critical expertise;A balanced investment strategy;Above average investment in market led research and development;A focus on what really matters to the customer;An innovation culture with corporate leadership that expects growth through development of new products and services.Why is it important now?1.3. Innovation is vital to most businesses operating in the UK if they are to survive and grow in the long term. But there are five reasons why innovation matters more for businesses and the people who work in them today.Markets around the world are being liberalised. This brings opportunities from expanding trade. And firms can locate all or part of the production process or service wherever the economic advantage is greatest. But UK-based firms also face competition from firms in countries with relatively low labour costs and where education and skills levels are high. For example, hourly labour costs in South Korea are just over half UK levels, but the proportion of graduates in the working agepopulation is almost identical.Long-term reductions in the costs of transportation and communication have also opened up new markets and faster global communications mean that consumers learn about new fashions, ideas and products faster than ever before. The cost of sea freight has fallen by two-thirds since 1920, air transport by five-sixths since 1930. Transatlantic telephone calls are now almost free on the Internet.Science and Technology are providing new opportunities for businesses to compete based on exploiting knowledge, skills and creativity to produce more valuable goods and services. Industries are being created, such as Biotechnology, and traditional ones are being transformed (e.g. growth of technical textiles). Because they rely on knowledge and skills, they provide areas where high wage, developed economies can maintain a competitive advantage over low wage, unskilled ones.Services, accounting for over 70% of the economy, are becoming more technology intensive. Technology is being used to improve business processes and customer service in sectors such as retail, hotels and banking, and to develop new products combining creative strengths with the latest technology, such as computer games. Many high technology manufacturers now make more money from services than they do from manufacturing.Increasing environmental concerns are acting as a stimulus to innovation. Demand for environmental improvements– for example, reducing CO2 emissions and volumes of waste – may require changes in the economy and to the way we live. To deliver these changes the market has to generate innovative uses of technology, new ways of doing business and new consumer attitudes.1.4.The speed of changing technology and the extent to which new products and services can change market conditions mean that the challenge to innovate is urgent and continuous. UK-based businesses will find it increasingly difficult to compete on low costs alone in labour intensive industries exposed to international competition. The challenge for businesses is to compete on the basis of unique value.1.5. The UK is not alone in facing this challenge. European leaders agreed at Lisbon in spring 2000 to make the EU “the most dynamic, knowledge-driven economy in the world by 2010”. Innovation is integral to achieving this vision.How is the UK doing?1.6.We have consulted a distinguished panel of leading academic experts in drawing up the analysis underpinning this Report. This analysis has been published separately. The main points concerning the UK’s innovation performance are set out below.The latest international comparisons of data on business R&D show the UK well behind the US and roughly equal to the EU average. However, it is encouraging that after a steady period of decline from 1.5% of GDP in 1981 to 1.16% in 1997, we have seen a move in the right direction, to 1.24% in 2002.Adjusting for size of economy, UK firms’ patenting activity at patent offices in Europe, Japan and the US lies well behind firms in Japan, Germany and the US and is just below the European average.Although systematic data is lacking, it appears that the UK lags behind the US and major Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) economiesin the take- up of best practice improvements such as lean manufacturing.Data from surveys, which rely on broader measures of innovation, paint a similar picture with UK performance weaker than its international peers.1.7.The analysis suggests that UK business faces a challenge: how to raise its rate of innovation?How did we try to explain the causes of UK performance?1.8. Innovation is a complex process so understanding why the UK has a relatively modest innovation performance is not straightforward. To help us do this we drew on an extensive review of the international innovation literature, aided by a panel of experts. We also drew heavily on analysis by the AIM Management Research Forum and the OECD.As a result we have identified seven critical success factors for innovation performance. They help us to identify current strengths and weaknesses of the UK innovation system and to develop proposals to improve its performance.Success factors for UK innovation performance1.9.What follows is a highly abridged version of the supporting analysis, summarizing the UK’s performance against the seven factors:Sources of new technological knowledge play an important role in shaping innovation systems. Science-based technologies are increasing in importance. New products and services tend to embody a wider range of technologies, increasing the complexity faced by individual firms. UK-based firms make extensive use of customers and suppliers as knowledge sources. The UK Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) base is highly productive and the UK has world-class design expertise.The capacity to absorb and exploit knowledge defines a firm’s ability to turn knowledge into new products, processes or services. Fundamentally it is people who create knowledge, manage businesses and innovate. Poor skills amongst managers and the workforce more generally have hindered performance. The culture within UK-owned firms appears to place less emphasis on creativity.All investments in innovation need access to finance. Relatively lower levels of innovation spend are probably more due to a lack of incentives and capacity than a shortage of funds, although some financing gaps exist.Competition provides a stimulus to innovation and helps determine the intensity of competition and the ability of firms to spot opportunities and manage risks. Customers and suppliers put pressure on firms to deliver better quality goods and services and provide opportunities for innovation. Many UK-based firms compete in global markets and the UK is an attractive market for innovative firms from abroad. The regulatory environment affects the possibilities and incentive structures for innovation. OECD comparisons show the UK to be relatively lightly regulated, although there are continuing business concerns about the impact of new regulations. And networks and collaboration are important means of accessing knowledge. Businesses are increasingly looking outside their sectors for opportunities to collaborate.Figure 1.4How Government policies influence innovationthrough which Government – at various levels – influences business innovation.1.11.The Government has already laid the foundations of an innovation-driven economy in areas such as macro-economic policy, fiscal policy, competition policy, trade policy and education and skills.1.12. Since 1997 we have produced three White Papers, “Our competitive future–Building a knowledge driven economy”(1998), “Excellence and Opportunity–a Science and Innovation Policy for the 21st Century” (2000) and “Opportunity for All in a World of Change–Enterprise, Skills and Innovation” (2001). In these we set in motion a series of micro-economic measures to stimulate innovation, such as increased investment in the science base, incentives to encourage research institutions and universities to commercialize their research, and measures to encourage more small businesses to start up and innovate.1.13. Policies and programmers affecting innovation are determined at a variety of levels. In some cases, the role of the UK Government is to influence developments on a European or global scale.Chapter 3 Technology innovationSummaryDeveloped countries around the world have recognized that success in the future will come from businesses increasing the added value from their products, processes and services. Government action to encourage businesses to develop and implement new products and services has become a high priority. Given this, the UK Government needs to harness its resources more effectively in promoting technological innovation. The need to improve the take-up of new technologies3.1.The end of the 20th century witnessed a wave of scientific discovery and technology innovation in a range of areas that have only just begun to change the waywe work and interact with our physical, natural and social environments. For example, the developments of the Internet and mobile communications have transformed people’s access to information.3.2.The pace of change is often quicker than anticipated and the impacts are fundamental. The growth of completely new industries such as biotechnology, software and the digital content industry in the UK, as well as the decline of more traditional sectors, bear very real testimony to this. For example during the 10 year period 1992-2002 the number of biotechnology businesses in the UK has increased from some 165 to 425, and turnover has increased by over six fold (from ￡0.5 billion to ￡3.2 billion).3.3.The UK has a strong indigenous knowledge source available to business through the Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) base and we do have a strong presence in some science-based technologies such as pharmaceuticals, telecommunications and aerospace.Promoting knowledge transfer3.4. The SET base makes a major contribution to knowledge transfer through the publication of research results and the supply of highly skilled people capable of transferring and adapting codified and tacit knowledge. However, there is an additional role that Government can play in providing the opportunities and incentives for translating quality UK science into commercially successful applications.3.5.To simplify arrangements for universities, Higher Education Institutions（HEIF）is to be consolidated into a permanent third stream of knowledge transfer funding to universities, alongside that for teaching and research. More money will be put into the second round of HEIF. The aim is to simplify the funding landscape and ensure that HEIs in England have greater discretion and the flexibility to develop their capacity in a way that best suits their needs and the needs of business.In future, support for technological innovation will be available through five products：Collaborative R&D support is available to meet some of the costs and risks associated with research and technology development, by facilitating collaboration between different businesses and between business and the SET base across the UK. Knowledge Transfer Networks will encourage the diffusion of new and existing technology.Grant for R&D from June 2003 this has been available for individuals and SMEs, and it enables them to meet some of the costs of investing in technology innovation. Grant for Investigating an Innovative Idea – this is a pilot, offering help to SMEs in England to look objectively at their ideas for innovative products, services or processes and to draw up an action plan to take the idea forward.Knowledge Transfer Partnerships provide direct support for knowledge transfer by enabling universities and others in the SET base across the UK to work with businesses using recently qualified people, like graduates, to undertake specific knowledge transfer projects in firms of all sizes.Technology IntermediariesTo complement the above actions, we will work more closely with technologyintermediaries, whose role in technology development and transfer has been undervalued in recent years in both policy development and implementation. Technology intermediaries also have an important role to play at regional level.The principal members of the technology intermediaries’ community are the Research and Technology Organizations. They are a private sector community of effective knowledge-transfer companies. Their objective is knowledge transfer to industry to fill knowledge gaps and to stimulate innovation leading to higher value added products and services.译文商管031 梅文飞 0364027在全球经济中竞争:创新挑战第一章创新挑战综述全球的竞争使贸易自由化的结果增加，技术变革以及运输和通讯费用减少。
大学工商管理英语教材
大学工商管理英语教材IntroductionIn today's globalized world, English plays a crucial role in various fields, including business management. As a result, universities have developed specialized textbooks to cater to the needs of students studying business administration. This article aims to explore the characteristics and essential components of a comprehensive university-level business management English textbook.Chapter 1: Introduction to Business ManagementThis chapter provides an overview of the principles and concepts of business management. It covers topics such as the functions of management, different management theories, and the importance of effective communication within an organization. Additionally, it includes case studies and real-life examples to illustrate these concepts.Chapter 2: Organizational Behavior and LeadershipThis chapter delves into the study of human behavior within organizations and explores various leadership styles. It covers topics such as motivation, group dynamics, and the role of leadership in achieving organizational success. The chapter also emphasizes the importance of ethical behavior and decision-making in business management.Chapter 3: Marketing ManagementIn this chapter, students learn about the fundamentals of marketing management. It includes topics such as market research, segmenting andtargeting the market, developing marketing strategies, and analyzing consumer behavior. Practical exercises and case studies are provided to enhance students' understanding and application of marketing concepts.Chapter 4: Financial ManagementFinancial management is a crucial aspect of business administration. This chapter introduces students to the basics of financial management, including financial statement analysis, budgeting, and capital investment decisions. It also addresses the importance of financial planning and forecasting for sustainable business growth.Chapter 5: Human Resource ManagementThis chapter focuses on the management of human resources within organizations. It covers topics such as recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, and employee relations. The chapter also highlights the significance of effective human resource management in building a motivated and productive workforce.Chapter 6: Operations ManagementOperations management is essential for efficient production and service delivery. This chapter explores concepts such as production planning, supply chain management, quality control, and process improvement. Students are encouraged to think critically and apply these concepts to real-world business scenarios.Chapter 7: International BusinessIn today's interconnected world, international business plays a crucial role in the global economy. This chapter provides an overview of international trade, global market entry strategies, cultural considerations, and the challenges of managing multinational corporations. It also discusses the importance of cross-cultural communication and understanding in international business scenarios.Chapter 8: Entrepreneurship and Small Business ManagementEntrepreneurship is the driving force behind innovation and economic development. This chapter introduces students to the fundamentals of entrepreneurship, including opportunity identification, business planning, and risk management. It also emphasizes the unique challenges and opportunities associated with managing small businesses.ConclusionA comprehensive university-level business management English textbook should cover various aspects of business administration, including principles of management, marketing, finance, human resources, operations, international business, and entrepreneurship. By incorporating case studies, real-life examples, and practical exercises, such a textbook can provide students with the necessary knowledge and skills to excel in the field of business management.。
工商管理英语第二版 译文U1-U6
Unit1 A 工商管理概论工商管理特性英语单词business有许多定义。
每个定义相互关联，但又各自不同。
与我们的讨论有关的定义主要有两个。
第一个定义是指作为一种生存手段而从事的任何活动。
第二个定义将工商管理视为人们生活中的重要的活动。
对于美国而言，工商管理既是一种谋生手段，同时又是人们生活的一个中心。
个人和团体既为了经济盈利又为了个人身份的确定和认可而从事工商活动。
工商管理的双重中心意味着其在为个人或人群提供生计的同时又给每个人带来一种身份感。
这两个概念相互交织，几乎不可能将它们区分开来。
然而，基于我们的目的，我们将关注作为谋生手段的工商，把工商看成是将一个或更多人的资产拿来，以商品和服务的形式使其他的人可以得到这些资产以此获得利润的过程。
我们将尽力确定并解释这一定义的不同要素。
工商管理是一个过程。
工商管理是一系列行为、变化，或引起一个结果的功能。
许多人试图将这个过程分为很多过程，其目的是为了更好地理解和管理这些过程（子过程），这样他们就能够影响并控制结果。
现在，我们只需要了解它是一个由各个过程构成的过程，我们既可以单独地理解它们，又可以将它们当作一个整体来理解。
在我们看来，工商活动是一个给为了维持生计而参与其中的那些人返还利润的过程。
工商活动主要是为了获得利润而生产商品和服务。
利润的本质会因所从事的工商的性质不同而不同。
尽管工商对利润的定义略有不同，但是他们为了继续从事工商都必须获得利润。
这就是工商的实质，因为这是维持生计的唯一途径。
根据这个的观点，工商必须维持一定的利润来养活企业和那些依赖工商维持生计的个人。
每个良好的过程都有控制，包括内部控制和外部控制。
对于企业来说，内部控制通过管理得到实现，而外部控制通常通过各个管理机构得以实现。
要使过程得到有效运作，也需要从子过程乃至控制结构提供的反馈。
这个反馈越有效，控制就会越好，这就为企业的成功运作做好了准备。
企业也是系统。
每个系统有投入、过程、产出和结果。
工商管理专业BusinessAdministration
专业基础课Major
Courses
(Elementary)
管理统计学Statisticsfor Management
3
市场营销学Marketing
3
危机管理CrisisManagement
2
公共选修课
Public Courses
(Elective)
微积分InfinitesimalCalculus
2
2.5
大学英语8 College Englishlevel8
2.5
实践教学
PracticalTeaching
酒店市场营销策划实训HotelMarketingandPlanningTraining
2
商务谈判实训Business NegotiationTraining
1
学年论文Term Thesis
1
体育4-4 Physical Education4- 4
1
专业基础课Major
Courses
(Elementary)
专业导论ProfessionalIntroduction.
1
管理学Management
3
素质教育课
QualityEducation
大学生礼仪与修养
Etiquette andCultureofCollege students
2
1st Half Total
3
客户关系管理CustomerRelationshipManagement
3
企业运营管理Enterprise Operation Management
3
实践教学
PracticalTeaching
管理学分ManagementCredits
工商管理专业PPT英语课件Unit 1 The Evolution of Management as a Field of Study
工商管理专业英语
罗媛 rowenafederer@
1
Learning Objectives:
• This course is designed to help the students of Business Administration improve reading comprehension of professional English and the ability to use English in business communication and negotiation.
Glossary
• extremely [iks'tri:mli]
• adv. 非常、及其
• e.g. Social and behavioral scientists
view the management of organizations as an extremely important social
• e.g. In solving problems, managers using the system approach must view
the organization as a dynamic whole.
• 在解决问题时，运用系统方法的管理者必 须把组织视为一个动态的整体。
13
Glossary
• adj. 足够的、充分的（反义：insufficient） • e.g. Sole reliance on a classical or a
behavioral or a management science
approach is not sufficient for
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• Interviewer: So you’ve acquainted yourself with the company. It’s refreshing to interview someone who’s sure of what they want.
• 在低成本的生产目标与拓宽生产线的营销目标之间由来已 久的冲突是一个管理学问题内在联系的好例子。每个目标 之间都存在冲突。
• 8、The objectives of individual parts must be (compromised) to meet the objectives of the entire firm .
• 甚至在今天, 我们所了解的管理学也都出自 于那些管理人员的自传和论文集。
• 3、According to the text ,the three well-established approaches to management thought are the (classical) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing work and organizations ;the (behavioral) approach ,which focuses on the task of managing people;and the (management science)approach,which focus on the task of production and operations.
• 权变方法，强调管理实践的正确性取决于它是否 适合特定的应用情况。
• 6、In solving problems ,managers using the systems approach must view the organization as a (dynamic) whole and must try to anticipate the intended as well as unintended impacts of their decisions .
• 我毕业于一所科技大学，在#公司做技术人员快十 年了。
• Interviewer: Please explain why you are interested in leaving your current position and please elaborate on your technical skills.
• 在过去的30年中,人们试图将古典的、行为的和科 学的管理方法融合为一个整体。
• 5、The contingency approach ,stresses that the correctness of a managerial practice is (contingent) on how it fits the particular situation in which it is applied .
• 各个部分的目标必须让步于整个公司的目标。
• 9、The systems approach forces managers to recognize that organizations are systems made up of (interdependent) parts and that a change in one part affects other parts .
• 请告诉我你为什么辞去现在的工作。请具体说明你的技术 专长。
• Interviewee: I am looking for a growth opportunity, which I feel is not available at my current employer. In terms of skills, I am Microsoft certified1 in Windows XP and several other operating systems.
• 12、Both the systems approach and the contingency approach can provide valuable insights and complement the classical ,behavioral ,and management science approaches .
• 系统方法将迫使管理者认识到组织由相互依存的 部分组成,一个部分的变化会影响其他部分。
• 10、The contingency approach has grown in (popularity) over the last two decades because
• research has found that ,given certain characteristics of a job and certain characteristics of people doing the job ,specific management practices tend to work better than others .
• 根据本文，管理思想中有三个行之有效的方法，分别是古 典方法、行为方法和管理学科学方法，其中古典方法专注 于管理工作和组织的任务,行为方法专注于管理人的任务， 管理学科学方法专注于生产和运营的任务。
• 4、During the last 30 years or so ,there have been attempts to (integrate) the three approaches to management — classical ,behavioral ,and management science .
• Compromise interdependent characteristic popularity sole reliance sufficient
• Alliance demographic complement
• 1、 managers described their own experiences and tried to (generalize) the principles they believed could be applied in similar situations.
• 系统方法和权变方法可以为古典的、行为 的和科学的管理方法提供宝贵的见解和补 充。
• Speaking
• Job interview • HR: Interview 人事： 面试 • 1 面试 (1) Job Interview (1)
• Interviewer: Can you tell me a little bit about yourself?
• 管理人员描述了自己的经历和试图推广的 原则，他们认为可以应用在类似的情况下。
• 2、Even today ,a great deal of what we know about management comes from the autobiographies and （memoirs） of men and women who are or have been practicing managers.
• 在使用系统方法解决问题时,管理者必须把组织作为一个 动态的整体,必须设法预测影响他们决定的预期因素和意 外因素。
• 7、The age-old confrontation between the production objective of low costs and the marketing objective of a broad product line is a good example of the interrelated nature of management problems .Each objectives (conflicts) with the other .
UNIT1 The evolution of management as a field of study
• Glossary
• Evolution Generalize autobiography memoir extremely anthropologist
• Perspective turnover approach contingency dynamic confrontation incur
• 你对我们公司很了解。这样的申请者让我感到耳目一新。
• Interviewee: Yes, I believe that it’s crucial for me to know if a company is right for me, not just if I’m right for the company. I’ve only been impressed by what I’ve read and heard and I see myself having a very rewarding and successful career here.
• 在过去的二十年中，权变方法变得越来越普及,因为研究 发现,了解一个工作的某些特点和做这项工作的人的某些 特征,具体管理实践往往比其他人工作地更好。
• 11、Managers around the globe use more of a contingency approach to survive .Sole (reliance) on a classical or behavioral or a management science approach is not (sufficient) for organizations. 经理在全球 范围内使用的应急方法才能生存。仅仅依赖古典的、行为 的或者科学的管理方法对于一个组织来说是不够的。