管理学常用英文单词 含音标
管理学中英文单词对照
第一章管理总论Manager 管理者First-line managers 基层管理者Middle managers 中层管理者Top managers 高层管理者Management 管理Efficiency 效率Effectiveness 效果Planning 计划Organizing 组织Leading 领导Controlling 控制Management process 管理过程Management roles 管理角色Interpersonal roles 人际关系角色Informational roles 信息传递角色Decisional roles 决策制定角色Technical skills 技术技能Human skills 人事技能Conceptual skills 概念技能System 系统Closed systems 封闭系统Open systems 开放系统Environment 环境Special environment 具体环境General environment 一般环境Contingency perspective 权变观Organization 组织Universality of management 管理的普遍性Nonmanagerial employees / Operatives 操作者第二章管理的历史Division of labor 劳动分工Industrial revolution 产业革命Scientific management 科学管理Therbligs 基本动作元素General administrative theorists 一般行政管理理论家Principles of management 管理原则Bureaucracy 官僚行政组织、层级组织Quantitative approach 定量方法Organizational behavior (OB) 组织行为Hawthorne Studies 霍桑研究Workforce diversity 员工多样化Entrepreneurship 企业家e-business (electronic business) 电子商务e-commerce (electronic commerce) 电子贸易、电子商务Intranet 内部互联网Total quality management (TQM) 全面质量管理Learning organization 学习型组织Knowledge management 知识管理Workplace spirituality 团队精神第三章计划Decision 决策Decision-making process 决策过程Problem 问题Decision criteria 决策标准Implementation 实施Rational decision making 理性决策Bounded rationality 有限理性Satisficing 满意Escalation of commitment 承诺升级Intuitive decision making 直觉决策Well-structured problems 结构良好问题Programmed decision 程序化决策Procedure 程序Rule 规则Policy 政策Poorly structured problems 结构不良问题Nonprogrammed decisions 非程序化决策Certainty 确定性Risk 风险性Uncertainty 不确定性Directive style 指导性风格Analytic style 分析性风格Conceptual style 概念性风格Behavioral style 行为性风格Planning 计划Goals 目标Plans 计划Strategic plans 战略计划Operational plans 作业计划Long-term plans 长期计划Short-term plans 短期计划Specific plans 具体性计划Directional plans 指导性计划Single-use plan 单一目标计划Standing plans 标准计划Traditional goal setting 传统目标设定Means-ends chain 手段－结果链Management by objectives (MBO) 目标管理Mission 使命Commitment concept 承诺概念Formal planning department 正式计划部门Strategic management 战略管理Strategic management process 战略管理过程Opportunities 机会Threats 威胁Core competencies 核心能力Strengths 优势Weaknesses 劣势SWOT analysis SWOT分析Corporate-level strategy 公司层战略Stability strategy 稳定战略Growth strategy 增长战略Related diversification 相关领域多元化经营Unrelated diversification 不相关领域多元化经营Retrenchment strategy 收缩战略BCG matrix BCG矩阵波士顿咨询集团矩阵Business-level strategy 事业层战略Strategic business units 战略经营单位Competitive advantage 竞争优势Cost leadership strategy 成本领先战略Differentiation strategy 差异化战略Focus strategy 集中化战略Functional-level strategy 职能层战略Environmental Scanning 环境扫描Competitor intelligence 竞争者情报、竞争者信息Forecasts 预测Quantitative forecasting 定量预测Qualitative forecasting 定性预测Forecasting Techniques 预测技术Benchmarking 基准化、标杆Resources 资源Budget 预算Revenue Budgets 收入预算Expense Budgets 费用预算Profit Budgets 利润预算Cash Budgets 现金预算Scheduling 进度计划、规划Gantt Charts 甘特图Load Charts 负荷图PERT network 计划评审技术网络Events 事件Activities 活动Slack time 松弛时间Critical path 关键线路Breakeven analysis 盈亏平衡分析Linear programming 线性规划Project 项目Project Management 项目管理Scenario 设想方案第四章组织Organizing 组织Organizational structure 组织结构Organizational design 组织设计Work specialization 劳动分工Departmentalization 部门化Functional departmentalization 职能部门化Product departmentalization 产品部门化Geographical departmentalization 地区部门化Process departmentalization 过程部门化Customer departmentalization 顾客部门化Cross-functional teams 跨职能团队Chain of command 指挥链Authority 职权Responsibility 职责Unity of command 统一指挥Span of control 管理幅度Centralization 集权化Decentralization 分权化Formalization 正规化Mechanistic organization 机械式组织Organic organization 有机式组织Unit production 单件生产Mass production 大量生产Process production 连续生产Simple structure 简单结构Functional structure 职能型结构Divisional structure 分部型结构Team-based structure 团队结构Matrix structure 矩阵结构Project structure 项目结构Autonomous internal units 内部自治单位Boundaryless organization 无边界组织Learning organization 学习型组织High-performance work practice 高绩效的工作实践Human resource management process 人力资源管理过程Labor union 工会Human resource planning 人力资源规划Job analysis 职务分析Job description 职务说明书Job specification 职务规范Recruitment 招聘Decruitment 解聘Selection process 甄选过程Validity 效度Reliability 信度Work sampling 工作抽样Assessment centers 测评中心Orientation 定向、导向Performance management system 绩效管理系统Written essay 书面描述法Critical incidents 关键事件法Graphic rating scales 评分表法Behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS) 行为定位评分法Multiperson comparisons 多人比较法Group order ranking 分组排序法Individual ranking 个体排序法Paired comparison 配对比较法360 degree feedback 360度反馈skill-based pay 按技能付酬Career 职业生涯、职业Organizational change 组织变革Change agents 变革推动者Organizational development (OD) 组织发展Stress 压力Creativity 创造Innovation 创新第五章领导Behavior 行为Organizational behavior 组织行为学Attitudes 态度Cognitive component 认知成分Affective component 情感成分Behavioral component 行为成分Job satisfaction 工作满意度Job involvement 工作投入Organizational commitment 组织承诺Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) 组织公民行为Cognitive dissonance 认知失调Attitude surveys 态度调查Personality 人性Big-five model 重要的五大模型Emotional intelligence (EI) 情感智商Locus of control 控制点Machiavellianism 马基雅维里主义Self-esteem 自尊Self-monitoring 自我监控Perception 知觉Attribution theory 归因理论Fundamental attribution error 基本归因错误Self-serving bias 自我服务偏见Selectivity 有选择地接受、选择性Assumed similarity 假设相似性Stereotyping 刻板印象Learning 学习Operant conditioning 操作性条件反射Social learning theory 社会学习理论Shaping behavior 行为塑造Motivation 动机Need 需要Hierarchy of needs theory 需要层次理论Physiological needs 生理需要Safety needs 安全需要Social needs 社会需要Esteem needs 尊重需要Self-actualization needs 自我实现需要Theory X X理论Theory Y Y理论Motivation-hygiene theory 激励－保健理论Hygiene factors 保健因素Motivators 激励因素Three-needs theory 三种需要理论Need for achievement (nAch) 成就需要Need for power (nPow) 权力需要Need for affiliation (nAff) 归属需要Goal-setting theory 目标设定理论Reinforcement theory 强化理论Reinforcers 强化物Job design 职务设计Job scope 职务范围Job enlargement 职务扩大化Job enrichment 工作丰富化Job depth 职务深度Job characteristic model (JCM) 职务特征模型Skill variety 技能多样性Task identity 任务同一性Task significance 任务重要性Autonomy 自主性Feedback 反馈Equity theory 公平理论Referents 参照对象Expectancy theory 期望理论Compressed workweek 压缩工作周Flexible work hours 弹性工作制Job sharing 职务分担Contingent workers 应急工Telecommuting 电子通信，远程办公Pay-for performance programs 基于绩效的薪酬管理Open-book management 公开帐簿管理Leader 领导者Leadership 领导Behavioral theories 行为理论Autocratic style 权威式Democratic style 民主式Laissez-faire style 放任式Initiating structure 定规维度Consideration 关怀维度High-high leader 高－高型领导者Managerial grid 管理方格论Fiedler contingency model 菲德勒权变模型Least-preferred co-worker (LPC) questionnaire 最难共事者问卷Leader-member relations 领导者－成员关系，上下级关系Task structure 任务结构Position power 职位权力Situational leadership theory (SLT) 情景领导理论Readiness 准备状态Maturity 成熟度Leader participation model 领导者参与模型Path-goal theory 路径－目标理论Transactional leaders 事务型领导者Transformational leaders 变革型领导者Charismatic leader 超凡魅力的领导者Visionary leadership 愿景领导者Legitimate power 法定权Coercive power 强制权Reward power 奖赏权Expert power 专长权Referent power 模范权Credibility 可信度Trust 诚信、信任Empowerment 授权Communication 沟通Interpersonal communication 人际沟通Organizational communication 组织沟通Message 信息Encoding 编码Channel 通道、渠道Decoding 解码Communication process 沟通过程Noise 噪音Nonverbal communication 非言语沟通Body language 体态语言Verbal intonation 语调Filtering 过滤Selective perception 选择性知觉Information overload 信息超载Jargon 行话Active listening 积极倾听Formal communication 正式沟通Informal communication 非正式沟通Downward communication 下行沟通、向下交流Upward communication 上行沟通、向上交流Lateral communication 平行沟通、横向交流Diagonal communication 斜行沟通、越级交流Communication networks 沟通网络Grapevine 小道信息、谣言E-mail 电子邮件Instant messaging (IM) 即时信息Voice mail 声音邮件Fax 传真Electronic data interchange (EDI) 电子数据交换Teleconferencing 电信会议Videoconferencing 视频会议Intranet 内部互联网Extranet 外部互联网第六章控制Control 控制Market control 市场控制Bureaucratic control 官僚组织控制、层级控制Control process 控制过程Management by walking around (MBWA) 走动式管理Range of variation 偏差范围Immediate corrective action 立即纠正行动Basic corrective action 彻底纠正行动Feedforward control 前馈控制Concurrent control 同期控制、现场控制Feedback control 反馈控制。
做管理的人必备的英文单词
态度 attitude
检验记录 inspection record
压力 pressure
误工记录 record of labor-hours lost
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产品质量 quality of products 先进技术 advanced technology 顾客服务 customer service 策略 strategy 结构 structure (3) 领先性 primacy 普遍性 pervasiveness 忧虑 fear 忿恨 resentment 士气 morale 解雇 layoff 批发 wholesale 零售 retail 程序 procedure
现金流量 cash flow
管理决策 managerial decision
工资率 wage rate
商业道德 business ethics
税收率 tax rate
有竞争力的价格 competitive price
股息 dividend
供货商 supplier
现金状况 cash position
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做管理 的人必备的英文单词（转贴）
目标 mission/ objective 集体目标 group objective 内部环境 internal environment 外部环境 external environment 计划 planning 组织 organizing 人事 staffing 领导 leading 控制 controlling 步骤 process 原理 principle 方法 technique 经理 manager
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管理学英语词汇
管理学英语词汇(1)目标mission/ objective集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management 现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity 激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product管理学必备英语词汇服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self—actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory(2）经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social—technical systems approach决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system管理学必备英语词汇表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor—hours lost 销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure(3）领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine—hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat 个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll（4）策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy 战术tactics（5）追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic(6）激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs forself-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward（7)特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability 智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement—oriented leadership汉语新难词英译保险业the insurance industry保证重点指出ensure funding for priority areas补发拖欠的养老金clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款non—performing loan层层转包和违法分包multi—level contracting and illegal subcontracting城乡信用社credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保障制度the system of medical insurance for urban workers出口信贷export credit贷款质量loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法the five—category assets classification for bank loans防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程flood—prevention project非法外汇交易illegal foreign exchange transaction 非贸易收汇foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions费改税transform administrative fees into taxes跟踪审计follow-up auditing工程监理制度the monitoring system for projects国有资产安全the safety of state—owned assets过度开垦excess reclamation合同管理制度the contract system for governing projects积极的财政政策pro—active fiscal policy 基本生活费basic allowance解除劳动关系sever labor relation金融监管责任制the responsibility system for financial supervision经济安全economic security靠扩大财政赤字搞建设to increase the deficit to spend more on development扩大国内需求the expansion of domestic demand拉动经济增长fuel economic growth粮食仓库grain depot粮食收购企业grain collection and storage enterprise粮食收购资金实行封闭运行closed operation of grain purchase funds粮食销售市场grain sales market劣质工程shoddy engineering乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges，fund—raising，quotas and fines骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage融资渠道financing channels商业信贷原则the principles for commercial credit社会保险机构social security institution失业保险金unemployment insurance benefits偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税tax evasion，tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes外汇收支foreign exchange revenue and spending安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents信息化information—based；informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power；Knowledge—intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises 下岗职工laid—off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel 三角债chain debts素质教育education for all—round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and—order situation 民族国家nation state“＊＊” ”independence of T aiwan”台湾当局Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
管理学常用英文单词-含音标
管理学常用词汇A 11access discrimination ['æksɛs] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən]进入歧视action research ['ækʃən] ['risɝtʃ] 动作研究；行为研究adjourning [ə'dʒɝnɪŋ] 解散期；解散阶段；中止阶段adhocracy [æd'hɔkrəsi] 无固定结构的管理方式或组织；临时委员会组织；administrative principle [əd'mɪnɪstretɪv] ['prɪnsəpl] 管理原则advanced negotiation[əd'vænst] [nɪ,ɡoʃɪ'eʃən]高级谈判alignment[ə'laɪnmənt] 结盟artifacts ['a:rtifækts]人工环境artificial intelligence [,ɑrtɪ'fɪʃl] [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒəns] 人工智能、巧匠avoiding learning [ə'vɔɪdɪŋ] ['lɜːnɪŋ]规避性学习ambidextrous approach [,æmbɪ'dekstrəs] [ə'prɔtʃ]双管齐下策略B 9balance sheet ['bæləns] [ʃit]资产负债表bias['baɪəs] 偏见BCG matrix（ BCG:Boston Consulting Group['bɔstən] [kən'sʌltɪŋ] [gru ːp]） ['metrɪks] 波士顿矩阵，波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications [,bəunə'faidi] [,ɑkju'peʃən] [,kw ɑləfə'keʃən] 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti]有限理性bounded rationality perspective ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti] [pə'spekt ɪv]有限理性方法bureaucracy [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]官僚机构benchmarking ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ] 标杆管理；标记；确定基准点boundary-spanning roles ['baʊndri] ['spæniŋ] [rolz] 跨超边界作用C 42capturing value through pricing['kæptʃɚrɪŋ] ['vælju] [θru] ['praɪsɪŋ] 通过定价获取价值change agent [tʃendʒ] ['edʒənt] 变革推动者，促变者challenge ['tʃælɪndʒ]挑战chaos theory ['keɑs] ['θiəri] 混沌理论charismatic leaders [,kærɪz'mætɪk] ['lidɚz]魅力型领导者charity principle ['tʃærəti] ['prɪnsəpl] 博爱原则closing bell['klozɪŋ] [bɛl]收盘corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['soʃl] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]企业的社会责任competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争战略；竞争策略confrontation [,kɑnfrənfrʌn'teʃən] 对话, 对抗；面对；对质confrontation meeting [,kɑnfrən'teʃən] ['mitɪŋ] 碰头会consortia [kən'sɔ:tɪə] 企业联合、联盟、合作coercive power [kəʊ'ɜːsɪv] ['paʊə] 强制权，强制力cohesiveness [ko'hisɪvnɪs] 凝聚力collaborative management [kə'læbəretɪv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]合作型管理comparable worth ['kɑmpərəbl] [wɝθ]可比价值；同值同酬competitive benchmarking [kəm'petɪtɪv] ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ]竞争性基准competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争策略constancy of purpose ['kɑnstənsi] [əv] ['pɜːpəs] 永久性目标contingency approach [kən'tɪndʒənsi] [ə'protʃ] 权变理论；权变方法；随机应变法corporate governance['kɔrpərət] ['gʌvɚnəns]企业管治corporate social performance ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [pə'fɔːm(ə)ns]企业社会绩效；公司社会表现corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ'spɑnsɪvnɪs]公司社会反应critical incident ['krɪtɪkl] ['ɪnsɪdənt] 危机事故；关键事件current assets ['kʌr(ə)nt] ['æset s] 流动资产current liabilities ['kʌr(ə)nt] [,laɪə'bɪləti]流动负债; 经常性贷款culture strength ['kʌltʃə] [streŋθ]文化强度; 文化力creative department [krɪ'etɪv] [dɪ'pɑrtmənt] 创造性部门creation of value[krɪ'eʃən] [əv] ['vælju]价值创造craft technology [kræft] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi]工艺技术、技艺性技术contextual dimension [kən'tɛkstʃuəl] [daɪ'mɛnʃən]关联性维度continuous process production [kən'tɪnjʊəs] ['prɑsɛs] [prə'dʌkʃən]连续加工生产collectivity stage [,kɑlɛk'tɪvəti] [stedʒ] 集体化阶段clan control [klæn] [kən'trol] 小团体控制clan culture [klæn] ['kʌltʃɚ] 小团体文化coalition [,koə'lɪʃən] 联合；结合，合并；联合团体collaborative [kə'læbəretɪv] 协作网络centrality [sɛn'træləti] 中心；中央；向心性；集中性centralization [,sɛntrəlɪ'zeʃən]集权化；中央集权管理charismatic authority [,kærɪz'mætɪk] [ə'θɔrəti] 魅力型权威、竭尽忠诚的权力customer insight['kʌstəmɚ] ['ɪn'saɪt]消费者洞察力；客户需求D 18decentralization [dɪ'sɛntrəlaɪ'zeʃən]分权；非集权化decision premise [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['premɪs]决策前提democracy management [də'mɑkrəsi] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 民主管理departmentalization [di:pɑ:t,mentəlai'zeiʃən]部门化; 部门划分designing effective organization[dɪ'zaɪnɪŋ] [ɪ'fɛktɪv] [,ɔrɡənə'zeʃən]设计有效的组织development structure[dɪ'vɛləpmənt] ['strʌktʃɚ]发展结构dialectical inquiry methods [,daɪə'lɛktɪkl] ['ɪŋkwaɪri] ['mɛθədz]辩证探求法differentiation strategy [,dɪfərenʃɪ'eɪʃn] ['strætədʒi] 差别化战略；差异化竞争战略differential rate system ['dɪfə'rɛnʃəl] [ret] ['sɪstəm] 差别报酬系统direct interlock [də'rɛkt] ['ɪntɚlɑk] 直接交叉divisional form [də'vɪʒənl] [fɔrm] 事业部模式division of labor [də'vɪʒən] [əv] ['lebɚ] 劳动(力)分工downward mobility ['daʊnwɚd] [mo'bɪləti] 降职流动、社会地位的下降dynamic engagement [daɪ'næmɪk] [ɪn'ɡedʒmənt]动态融合dynamic network [daɪ'næmɪk] ['nɛtwɝk] 动态网络domain [do'men] 领域；；域名；产业；地产dual-core approach ['dʊəl] [kɔr] [ə'protʃ] 二元核心模式dynamics of synergy[daɪ'næmɪks] [əv] ['sɪnɚdʒi]协力优势E 28effective decision making[ɪ'fɛktɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]有效决策制定effective leadership[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['lidɚʃɪp]有效领导effective conflict resolution[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['kɑnflɪkt] [rezə'luːʃ(ə)n]高效冲突管理electronic data-processing(EDP) [ɪ,lɛk'trɑnɪk] ['detə] ['prɑsɛsɪŋ]]电子数据处理employee-oriented style [ɪm'plɔɪi] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 员工导向型风格empowerment [ɪm'paʊɚmənt] 许可，授权encoding [ɪn'kodɪŋ] 解码; 编码end-user computing ['end,ju:zə] [kəm'pjʊtɪŋ]终端用户计算系统enter ['ɛntɚ]进入；参加enterprise ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]企业entrepreneurship [,ɑntrəprə'nɝʃɪp] 企业家精神equity ['ɛkwəti]平等；相等equity theory ['ɛkwəti] ['θiəri] 公平理论espoused value [ɪ'spaʊzid] ['vælju]信仰价值ethics['eθɪks] 伦理学；伦理观；道德标准ethnocentric manager [,ɛθno'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory [ɪk'spɛktənsi] ['θiəri] 期望理论expense budget [ɪk'spɛns] ['bʌdʒɪt] 费用预算;支出预算expense center [ɪk'spɛns] ['sɛntɚ]费用中心external audit [ɪk'stɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 外部审计; 独立审计external stakeholders [ɪk'stɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 外部利益相关者extreme circumstances[ɪk'strim] ['sɝkəmstæns iz]极端情况extrinsic rewards [ɛks'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrdz] 外部奖励；外部报酬ethic ombudsperson ['ɛθɪk] [,ɔmbudz'pɝsn] 伦理巡视官external adaption [ɪk'stɝnl] [ə'dæpʃən] 外部适应性elaboration stage [ɪ,læbə'reʃən] [stedʒ] 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage [,ɑntrəprə'njʊrɪəl] [stedʒ] 创业阶段escalating commitment ['ɛskəletɪŋ] [kə'mɪtmənt] 顽固认同F 14family group ['fæməli] [gruːp] 家族集团;家族企业financing growth[fɪ'nænsɪŋ] [ɡroθ]财务增长financial management [faɪ'nænʃl] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 财务管理；金融管理financial statement [faɪ'nænʃl] ['stetmənt] 财务报表flat hierarchies [flæt] ['haɪə,rɑrkiz] 扁平型结构flexible budget ['flɛksəbl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 弹性预算force-field theory [fɔrs] [fild] ['θiəri] 场力理论formal authority ['fɔrml] [ə'θɔrəti] 正式授权;正式权限;合法权力formal systematic appraisal ['fɔrml] ['sɪstə'mætɪk] [ə'prezl] 正式的系统评估franchise ['fræntʃaɪz] 特许经营权formalization stage [,fɔməlɪ'zeʃən] [stedʒ] 规范化阶段functional grouping ['fʌŋkʃənl] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 职能组合formal channel of communication ['fɔrml] ['tʃænl] [əv] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 正式沟通渠道fundamentals [,fʌndə'mɛntl] 基本面；基本原理G 16game theory [geɪm] ['θiəri] 博弈论general financial condition ['dʒɛnrəl] [faɪ'nænʃl] [kən'dɪʃən] 一般财务状况geocentric manager [,dʒio'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 全球化管理者geographic and cultural boundaries[,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] [ənd] ['kʌltʃərəl] ['baʊndri]地理和文化界限global brand['ɡlobl] [brænd]全球品牌global enterprise['ɡlobl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]全球化企业global market ['ɡlobl] ['mɑrkɪt]全球市场；国际市场globalization [,ɡləubəlai'zeiʃən] 全球化gossip chain ['ɡɑsɪp] [tʃen] 传言链grapevine ['ɡrepvaɪn] 小道消息；秘密情报网;传言网global strategic partnership ['ɡlobl] [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚʃɪp] 全球战略伙伴关系general environment ['dʒɛnrəl] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] 一般环境；总体环境generalist ['dʒɛnrəlɪst] 通才；多面手;全面战略geographic grouping [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 区域组合global company ['ɡlobl] ['kʌmpəni] 跨国公司;全球公司global geographic structure ['ɡlobl] [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['strʌktʃɚ]全球区域结构H 11Hawthorne effect [hɔθən] [ɪ'fɛkt] 霍桑效应heuristic principles [hjʊ'rɪstɪk] ['prɪnsəpl] 启发性原理hierarchy ['haɪərɑrki] 科层制度high ambition[haɪ] [æm'bɪʃən]更高志向、雄心壮志high commitment[haɪ] [kə'mɪtmənt]高承诺high performance[haɪ] [pɚ'fɔrməns]高效能hiring specification ['haiəriŋ] ['spɛsəfə'keʃən] 招聘细则horizontal linkage model ['hɔrə'zɑntl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ] ['mɑdl] 横向联系模型hybrid structure ['haɪbrɪd] ['strʌktʃɚ] 混合结构high-velocity environments [haɪ] [və'lɑsəti] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənts] 高速环境human resources['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]人力资源I 23impoverished management [ɪm'pɑvərɪʃt] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 放任式管理 I income statement ['ɪnkʌm] ['stetmənt] 损益表information transformation ['ɪnfɚ'meʃən] [,trænsfɚ'meʃən] 信息转换infrastructure ['ɪnfrə'strʌktʃɚ] 基础设施integrative process ['ɪntɪɡretiv] ['prɑsɛs] 整合过程intelligent enterprises [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒənt] ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]智能企业；智慧型企业internal audit [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 内部审计internal stakeholder [ɪn'tɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 内部相关者internship ['ɪntɝnʃɪp]实习intrapreneurship [,ɪntrəprɛ'nɝʃɪp]内部企业家精神intrinsic reward [ɪn'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrd]内在报酬; 内在奖励inventory ['ɪnvəntɔri] 库存, 存货internal integration [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 内部整合interorganization relationship [,ɪntɚ'ɔrɡənə'zeʃən l [rɪ'leʃən'ʃɪp] 组织间的关系intergroup conflict ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] ['kɑnflɪkt] 团体间冲突intergroup dynamics ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] [daɪ'næmɪks] 组间动力interlocking directorate [,intə'lɔkiŋ] [də'rɛktərət] 交叉董事会institutional perspective [,ɪnstɪ'tuʃənl] [pɚ'spɛktɪv] 制度视角;机构的观点intuitive decision making [ɪn'tuɪtɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]直觉决策idea champion [aɪ'diə] ['tʃæmpɪən] 构思倡导者incremental change [ɪnkrə'məntl] [tʃendʒ] 渐进式变革; 递增量informal organizational structure [ɪn'fɔrml] [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['strʌkt ʃɚ]非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal [ɪn'fɔrml] [pɚ'fɔrməns] [ə'prezl]非正式业绩评价J 6job description [dʒɒb] [dɪ'skrɪpʃən]工作说明；职务描述job design[dʒɒb] [dɪ'zaɪn] 工作设计，职务设计job enlargement [dʒɒb] [ɪn'lɑrdʒmənt] 职务扩大化job enrichment [dʒɒb] [ɪn'rɪtʃmənt] 职务丰富化job rotation [dʒɒb] [ro'teʃən] 职务轮换job specialization [dʒɒb] [,spɛʃəlɪ'zeʃən]职务专业化K 2key performance areas [kiː] [pɚ'fɔrməns] ['ɛrɪəz]关键业务区key result areas [kiː] [rɪ'zʌlt] ['ɛrɪəz]关键绩效区L 18labor productivity index ['lebɚ] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] ['ɪndɛks] 劳动生产力指数laissez management [lei'sei'] ['mænɪdʒmənt]自由化管理large batch production [lɑrdʒ] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən]大批量生产lateral communication ['lætərəl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 横向沟通leadership decision ['lidɚʃɪp] [dɪ'sɪʒn]领导决策leadership style ['lidɚʃɪp] [staɪl] 领导风格leadership in teams ['lidɚʃɪp] [ɪn] [timz]团队管理；团队领导力leading a turnaround['lidɪŋ] ['tɝnəraʊnd] 领导转变；管理转变least preferred co-worker(LPC) [list] [prɪ'fɝd] [,kəu'wə:kə] 最不喜欢的同事legitimate power [lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət] ['paʊɚ]合法权力liability ['laɪə'bɪləti] 债务；负债liaison [lɪ'ezɑn] 联络者line authority [laɪn] [ə'θɔrəti] 直线职权liquidity [lɪ'kwɪdəti] 流动性liaison role [lɪ'ezɑn] [rol] 联络员角色long-linked technology [lɔŋ] ['lɪŋkt] technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict [lɔsiz] [frɒm] ['kɑnflɪkt]冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership [ləʊ] [kɔst] ['lidɚʃɪp] 低成本领先M 21management by objective ['mænidʒmənt] [baɪ] [əb'dʒɛktɪv]目标管理Managerial Grid [,mænə'dʒɪrɪəl] [ɡrɪd] 管理方格matrix bosses ['metrɪks] [bɔsiz] 矩阵主管management champion ['mænɪdʒmənt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) [mə'tiəriəlz] [ri'kwaiəmənts] ['plænɪŋ]物料需求计划Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ['mæzləu] ['haɪərɑrki] [əv] [nid] 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ] ['ɑrɡjumənt] 管理文化多元化营销观market segmentation['mɑrkɪt][,sɛɡmɛn'teʃən]市场划分；市场细分multiculturalism [,mʌltɪ'kʌltʃərəlɪzm] 文化多元主义multi-divisional firm ['mʌlti] [də'vɪʒənl] [fɝm] 多部门公司moral rules ['mɔrəl] [rulz]道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) ['mænɪdʒmənt] [baɪ] ['wɔkɪŋ] [ə'raʊnd]走动式管理matrix structure ['metrɪks] ['strʌktʃɚ]矩阵结构multinational enterprise(MNE) [,mʌltɪ'næʃnəl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]跨国公司moral relativism ['mɔrəl] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 道德相对主义mechanistic system [,mɛkə'nɪstɪk] ['sɪstəm] 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management ['mɪdl] [əv] [ðə] [rod] ['mænɪdʒmənt]中庸式管理meso theory ['mɛso] ['θiəri] 常态理论multi-domestic strategy ['mʌlti] [də'mɛstɪk] ['strætədʒi] 多国化战略mediating technology ['miːdɪeɪtɪŋ] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 调停技术motivation[,motə'veʃən] 动机；积极性；推动N 9naïve relativism [naɪ'iv] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 朴素相对主义need-achievement [nid] [ə'tʃivmənt] 成就需要net asset [nɛt] ['æsɛt]净资产norming ['nɔ:miŋ] 规范化norms [nɔ:ms] 规范non-programmed decisions [nɑn 'proɡrəmd] [dɪ'sɪʒnz]非程序化决策non-substitutability [nɑn,səbstə,tjutə'biləti]非替代性non-routine technology [nɑn rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 非例行技术niche [nitʃ] 领地; 壁龛；合适的职业;小众O 14off-the-job training ['ɔfðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 脱产培训on-the-job training ['ɑnðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 在职培训operation[,ɑpə'reʃən]运营operational budget ['ɑpə'reʃənl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 运营预算order backlog ['ɔrdɚ] ['bæklɔɡ] 订单储备organic system [ɔr'gænɪk] ['sɪstəm] 有机系统organizational development(OD) [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] [dɪ'vɛləpmənt]组织发展organizational hierarchies [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 组织层级；组织架构organizing for innovation['ɔrgə,naɪz ɪŋ] [fɔː] [,ɪnə'veʃən]组织创新orientation [orɪɛn'teʃən] 定位outcome interdependence ['aʊt'kʌm] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]结果的相互依赖性outplacement services ['aʊtplesmənt] ['sə:visis] 外延服务overconfidence['ovɚ'kɑnfɪdəns] 过分相信；自负organization ecosystem [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃən] ['ɛko,sɪstəm] 组织生态系统P 27paradox of authority ['pærədɑks] [əv] [ə'θɔrəti]权威的矛盾paradox of creativity ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,krie'tɪvəti] 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure ['pærədɑks] [əv] [dɪs'kloʒɚ] 开放的矛盾paradox of identify ['pærədɑks] [əv], [aɪ'dɛntɪfaɪ] 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,ɪndɪ,vɪdʒu'æləti] 个性的矛盾paradox of regression ['pærədɑks] [əv] [rɪ'ɡrɛʃən] 回归的矛盾partial productivity ['pɑrʃəl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 部分生产率participative management [pɑ:'tisipə,tiv] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 参与式管理path-goal model [pæθ] [ɡol] ['mɑdl] 路径目标模型peer recruiter [pɪr] [rɪ'krʊtɚ] 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) [pə'lɪtɪkl] ['ækʃən] [kə'mitiz]政治活动委员会polycentric manager [pɑlɪ'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ]多中心管理者portfolio framework [pɔrt'folɪo] ['fremwɝk] 业务组合框架portfolio investment [pɔrt'folɪo] [ɪn'vɛstmənt] 资产组合投资positive reinforcement ['pɑzətɪv] [,riɪn'fɔrsmənt] 正强化production flexibility [prə'dʌkʃən] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 生产柔性profitability [,prɑfɪtə'bɪləti] 收益率; 赢利能力；利益率programmed decisions ['proɡr æ md] [dɪ'sɪʒən]程序化决策psychoanalytic view ['saɪko,ænl'ɪtɪk] [vju]精神分析法paradigm ['pærə'daɪm] 范式; 典范personal ratios ['pɝsənl] ['reʃoz]人员比例pooled dependence [puld] [dɪ'pɛndəns]集合性依存professional bureaucracy [prə'feʃənəl] [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]专业官僚机构problem identification ['prɑbləm] [aɪ'dɛntəfə'keʃən]问题识别problemistic search ['prɔbləmistik] [sɝtʃ]问题搜寻population ecology model [,pɔpju'leiʃən] [ɪ'kɑlədʒi] ['mɑdl]种群生态模型public financing['pʌblɪk] [fɪ'nænsɪŋ]公共融资Q 4quality ['kwɑləti]质量quality circle ['kwɑləti] ['sɝkl] 质量圈question mark ['kwɛstʃən] [mɑːk] 问题类市场quid pro quo ['kwidprəu'kwəu] 交换物; 补偿物；相等物；交换条件；让步条件R 11rational approach ['ræʃnəl] [ə'protʃ] 理性方法rational model ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] 理性模型rational-legal authority ['ræʃnəl] ['ligl] [ə'θɔrəti]理性—合法权威rational model of decision making ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] [əv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mek ɪŋ]理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) [,riə'lɪstɪk] [dʒɒb] ['pri'vjʊ]实际工作预览; 述评;reciprocal interdependence [rɪ'sɪprəkl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns] 相互依存性resource dependence ['risɔrs] [dɪ'pɛndəns] 资源依赖理论retention [rɪ'tɛnʃən] 保留reward system[rɪ'wɔrd] ['sɪstəm]薪酬体系routine technology [rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 例行技术rules [rulz] 规则；条例S 39semivariable cost [,sɛmaɪ'vɛərɪəbl] [kɔst] 准可变成本sense of potency [sɛns] [əv] ['potnsi]力量感sensitivity training ['sɛnsə'tɪvəti] ['trenɪŋ]敏感性训练sexual harassment ['sɛʃʊəl] [hə'ræsmənt] 性骚扰short-run capacity changes ['ʃɔ:t'rʌn] [kə'pæsəti] [tʃendʒ] 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain ['sɪŋɡl] [strænd] [tʃen] 单向传言链situational approach [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [ə'protʃ] 情境方法situational force [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [fɔrs] 情境力量; 情境压力situational leadership theory [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] ['lidɚʃɪp] ['θiəri] 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget ['slaɪdɪŋ] [skel] ['bʌdʒɪt] 移动规模预算small-batch production [smɔl] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən] 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches ['soʃiə 'tɛknɪkl] [ə'protʃiz]社会科技方法span of management [spæn] [əv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]管理幅度staff authority [stæf] [ə'θɔrəti] 参谋职权; 辅助权限standing plan ['stændɪŋ] [plæn]长设计划step budget [stɛp] ['bʌdʒɪt] 分步预算stewardship principle ['stuɚdʃɪp] ['prɪnsəpl] 管家原则stimulus ['stɪmjələs] 刺激storming ['stɔrmɪŋ] 激荡期;调整阶段strategic acquisitions[strə'tidʒɪk] [,ækwɪ'zɪʃən]战略并购strategic human resources[strə'tidʒɪk] ['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]战略人力资源strategic maketing [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ]战略市场营销strategic management [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 战略管理strategic partnering [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚɪŋ]战略伙伴关系strategy formulation ['strætədʒi] [,fɔrmjə'leʃən] 战略制定strategy implementation ['strætədʒi] [,ɪmpləmɛn'teʃən] 战略实施strategic control [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'trol] 战略控制strategic contingencies [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'tɪndʒənsiz] 战略权变satisficing ['sætisfaisiŋ] 满意；满意法；满意度subsystems [sʌb 'sɪstəmz]子系统subunits [sʌb'junɪt] 子单位synergy ['sɪnɚdʒi]协同system boundary ['sɪstəm] ['baʊndri]系统边界structure dimension ['strʌktʃɚ] [daɪ'mɛnʃən] 结构性维度sequential interdependence [sɪ'kwɛnʃl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]序列性依存; 相互依存self-directed team[,self di'rektid] [tim]自我管理型团队specialist ['spɛʃəlɪst] 专家；专门战略strategy and structure changes ['strætədʒi] [ənd] ['strʌktʃɚ] [tʃendʒz]战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency ['sɪmptəm] [əv] ['strʌktʃərəl] [dɪ'f ɪʃənsi]结构无效的特征T 17tall hierarchies [tɔl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 高长型科层结构task force or project team [tæsk] [fɔrs] [əv] ['prɒdʒekt] [tim] 任务小组或项目团队task independence [tæsk] [,ɪndɪ'pɛndəns]任务的内部依赖性task management [tæsk]['mænɪdʒmənt] 任务型管理task-oriented style [tæsk] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 任务导向型管理风格team process [tim] ['prɑsɛs] 团队进程；团队合作total productivity ['totl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 总生产率total quality management ['totl] ['kwɑləti] ['mænɪdʒmənt]全面质量管理trade agreement [treid] [ə'grimənt] 贸易协定；雇用合同；劳资协议training positions ['trenɪŋ] [pə'zɪʃənz]挂职培训training program ['trenɪŋ] ['proɡræm]培训程序transactional leaders [trænz'ækʃənl] ['lidɚz]交易型领导transformational leaders [,trænzfə'meʃənəl] ['lidɚz]变革型领导treatment discrimination ['tritmənt] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən] 歧视待遇two-factory theory [tu] ['fæktri]['θiəri] 双因素理论two-boss employees [tu] [bɔs] [,ɛmplɔɪ'iz]双重主管员工technical or product champion ['tɛknɪkl] [ɔr] ['prɑdʌkt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 技术或产品的倡导者U 2unfreezing [ʌn'friz] 解冻unit production ['junɪt] [prə'dʌkʃən]单位产品V 11variation [,vɛrɪ'eʃən]变化；[生物] 变异，变种variety [və'raɪəti]变量valence ['veləns] 效价variable costs ['vɛrɪəbl] [kɔsts] 可变成本vertical communication ['vɝtɪkl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 纵向沟通vertical integration ['vɝtɪkl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 纵向一体化vestibule training ['vɛstɪbjul] ['trenɪŋ] 仿真培训volume flexibility ['vɑljum] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage ['vɝtɪkl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ]纵向连接venture team ['vɛntʃɚ] [tim] 风险团队value based leadership ['vælju] [best] ['lidɚʃɪp] 基于价值的领导W 7win-lose situation [wɪn] [luz] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 输赢情境win-win situation ['wɪn'wɪn] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 双赢情境workforce literacy ['wɝkfɔrs] ['lɪtərəsi]员工的读写能力work in progress [wɝk] [ɪn] ['prɑɡrɛs]在制品work flow redesign [wɝk] [flo] [,ridɪ'zaɪn] 工作流程再造成work flow automation [wɝk] [flo] [,ɔtə'meʃən]工作流程自动化whistle blowing ['wɪsl] ['bloɪŋ]揭发;举报Z 2zero-sum ['ziro'sʌm]零和；零和博弈zone of indifference(area of acceptance) [zon] [əv] [ɪn'dɪfrəns]（['ɛr ɪə] [əv] [ək'sɛptəns]）无差异区域(可接受区域)。
做管理的人必备的英文单词
做管理的人必备的英文单词做管理的人必备的英文单词目标mission/ objective集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment 外部环境external environment 计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management 行为科学behavīor science生产率productivity激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory（2）经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavīor approach集体行为法the group behavīor approach协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach 社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system表现behavīor下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost 销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service 策略strategy结构structure(3)领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate 资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility 顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective 优先priority工资表payroll（4）策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics(5)追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic(6)激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward(7)特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability 智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavīor支持型领导supportive leadership 参与型领导participative leadership 指导型领导instrumental leadership 成就取向型领导achievement。
管理学-管理学常用英语词汇
管理学英语词汇(1)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 目标mission/ objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment集体目标group objective计划planning组织organizing人事staffing步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach 社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure管理学英语词汇(2)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividen病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques 控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱势weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star 问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics追随followership管理学英语词汇(3)-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的fle个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm人际交往能力interpersonal skills行政管理能力administrative ability智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership管理学英语词汇(4) 知识管理BBalanced scorecard平衡计分卡CCapability能力Chief knowledge officer(CKO)首席知识管Chief learning officer(CLO) 首席学习管、学习经理Collaboration 协同运作Core competence核心能力Corporate innovation公司（企业）创新Corporate knowledge base公司（企业）知识库Corporate university企业（企业）大学Customer relation management(CRM)客户关系管理DData mining资料挖掘Data warehouse(DW)数据仓库Discussion 讨论区Dicision supporting system(DSS)决策支持系统Digital Nervous System数字神经系统Document Management 文件（文档）管理Ee-learning电子学习、在线学习Enterprise Resource Planning企业资源计划Executive Information System主管支持系统Expert System专家系统Expert Yellow Page 专家黄页Enterprise Information Portal(EIP)企业入口网站Explicit Knowledge显性知识FFunction功能Functional Capability功能能力GGlobal Knowledge Management全球知识管理HHigh-level Learning 高阶学习IInformation Technology 信息科技Information Retrieval信息检索Infrastructure基础建设Innovation Capital创新资本、创新资产Innovation Index 创新指数Innovation Indicator创新指标Intelletual Asset智慧资产Intelletual Capital(IC)智慧资本、智慧资产Intelletual Property智慧财产、智财Intelligence智慧Intelligence Capital智慧资本Internalization内化Islands of Knowledge知识孤岛KKnow How专门技术Knowledge知识Knowledge Access知识存取Knowledge Acquirer知识买方Knowledge Acquisiton知识获取Knowledge Architcture知识基本结构Knowledge Asset知识资产Knowledge Assimilation知识吸收Knowledge Audit知识审计Knowledge Balance Sheet知识资产负债表Knowledge Base知识基础Knowledge-Base Company知识企业Knowledge-Base Economy知识经济Knowledge Base Industry 知识产业Knowledge Map知识地图Knowledge Broker知识中介Knowledge Capability知识能力Knowledge Capital知识资本Knowledge Coach知识教练Knowledge Community知识社区Knowledge Copy知识复制Knowledge Depository知识库Knowledge Discovery知识发现Knowledge Ecology知识生态学Knowledge Economy知识经济Knowledge Enterprise知识企业Knowledge Expense知识费用Knowledge Flow知识流通、知识流量Knowledge Gap知识缺口Knowledge Information Technology知识信息技术Knowledge Internalization知识内化Knowledge Life Cycle知识生产周期Knowledge Management(KM)知识管理Knowledge Management Infrasturcture知识管理基础建设Knowledge Management Process知识管理流程Knowledge Management Strategies知识管理策略Knowledge Management System知识管理系统Knowledge Manager知识管理经理Knowledge Map知识地图Knowledge Mediate知识媒介Knowledge Performance Review知识绩效评估Knowledge Pooling知识汇总Knowledge Spirals 知识螺旋Knowledge Worker 知识工作者LLearning Community学习社区Local Knowledge 当地知识Lower-Level Learning低阶学习MMentoring心智模式Mentoring师徒制Mode of Mind 心智模式NNew Economy 新经济OOrganization Knowledge 组织知识Organizational IQ 公司智商Organizational Learning 组织学习Project Management项目管理Proteges徒弟RReturn On Knowledge 知识报酬率SSearch Engines 搜索引擎Share 分享Software Package 软件包Stakeholder Evaluation 员工评估Strategic Capability 策略能力TTacit Knowledge 隐性知识Technical Innovation 技术创新Think Bank 智库Tool Knowledge 工具知识UUulearning 反学习VValue Innovation 价值创新Vertical Collaborationa 垂直整合Virtual Community 虚拟社群Virtual Organization 虚拟组织。
管理学英语词汇
管理学英语词汇管理学英语词汇（1）目标mission/ objective集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor 企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness 效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur 权利power职权authority 职责responsibility 科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity 激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product管理学必备英语词汇服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery生产能力capacity to produce 实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result 业绩performance 个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity 利润率profitability 社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device 个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective 优先priority工资表payroll（4）策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency 应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark 现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement 人口因素demographic factor 地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics(5)追随followership 个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic 静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic(6)激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs forself-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator 概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism 人员流动turnover 奖励reward(7)特许经营franchise 热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability 进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader 自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriente d leadership汉语新难词英译保险业the insurance industry 保证重点指出ensure funding forpriority areas补发拖欠的养老金clear up pension payments in arrears 不良贷款non-performing loan 层层转包和违法分包multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting城乡信用社credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保障制度the system of medical insurance for urban workers出口信贷export credit贷款质量loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法thefive-category assets classification for bank loans防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程flood-prevention project非法外汇交易illegal foreign exchange transaction非贸易收汇foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions费改税transform administrative fees into taxes跟踪审计follow-up auditing工程监理制度the monitoring system for projects国有资产安全the safety ofstate-owned assets 过度开垦excess reclamation合同管理制度the contract system for governing projects 积极的财政政策pro-active fiscalpolicy基本生活费basic allowance解除劳动关系sever labor relation金融监管责任制the responsibility system for financial supervision经济安全economic security靠扩大财政赤字搞建设to increase the deficit to spend more on development扩大国内需求the expansion of domestic demand拉动经济增长fuel economic growth粮食仓库grain depot粮食收购企业grain collection and storage enterprise 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行closed operation of grain purchase funds粮食销售市场grain sales market劣质工程shoddy engineering 乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage融资渠道financing channels商业信贷原则the principles for commercial credit社会保险机构social security institution失业保险金unemployment insurance benefits偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes外汇收支foreign exchange revenue and spending安居工程housing project forlow-income urban residents信息化information-based;informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power; Knowledge-intensiv e外资企业overseas-funded enterprises下岗职工laid-off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel三角债chain debts 素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects 社会治安情况law-and-order situation民族国家nation state“**” "independence of Taiwan"台湾当局Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
管理学专业英语词汇
ABC Classification ABC分类法Activity-Based Costing 业务量成本法/作业成本法ACRS (Accelerated cost recovery system) 快速成本回收制度Action Message 行为/措施信息AIS (Accounting information system) 会计信息系统Allocation 已分配量Anticipated Delay Report 拖期预报A/P (Accounts Payable) 应付帐款APICS (American Production & Inventory Control Society) 美国生产及库存控制协会AQL (Acceptable quality Level) 可接受质量水平A/R (Accounts Receivable) 应收帐款Automatic Rescheduling 自动重排产Available To Promise (APT) 可签约量Backflush 倒冲法Backlog 未完成订单/未结订单Back Scheduling 倒序排产BE analysis (Break-even analysis) 盈亏临界点分析，保本分析Bill of Material (BOM) 物料清单Business Plan 经营规划B/V (Book value) 帐面价值Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP) 能力需求计划CBA (Cost-benefit analysis) 成本效益分析CEO 首席执行官CFO (Chief Financial Officer) 财务总裁Closed Loop MRP 闭环物料需求计划CPM (Critical path method) 关键路线法CPP accounting (Constant purchasing power accounting) 不变购买力会计Cumulative Lead Time 累计提前期Cycle Counting 周期盘点Demand 需求Demand Management 需求管理Demonstrated Capacity 实际能力Dependent Demand 非独立需求DFL (Degree of financial leverage) 财务杠杆系数Direct-deduct Inventory Transaction Processing 直接增减库存法Dispatch List 派工单DOL (Degree of operating leverage) 经营杠杆系数ELS (Economic lot size) 经济批量EOQ (Economic order quantity) 经济订货批量FIFO (Fist-in,Fist-out) 先进先出法Firm Planned Order 确认计划订单FISH/LIFO (Fist-in,Still-here) 后进先出法Fixed Order Quantity 固定订货批量法Flow Shop 流水车间Focus Forecasting 集中预测Full Pegging 完全跟踪Generally Accepted Manufacturing Practices 公认生产管理原则Independent Demand 独立需求Inpu/Output Control 投入/产出控制Interplant Demand 厂际需求Inventory Turnover 库存周转次数Item 物料项目Item Record 项目记录Job Shop 加工车间Just-in-time (JIT) 准时制生产Lead Time 提前期前置期，指订单从收到具体明细到货到货仓收到落货纸这一段时间，可以用评估工厂的综合实力。
管理者必备的英文单词
《管理者必备的英文单词》目标mission/ objective 集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment 外部环境external environment计划planning 组织organizing人事staffing 领导leading控制controlling 步骤process原理principle 方法technique经理manager 总经理general manager行政人员administrator 主管人员supervisor企业enterprise 商业business产业industry 公司company效果effectiveness 效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur 权利power职权authority 职责responsibility科学管理scientific management 现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science 生产率productivity激励motivate 动机motive法律law 法规regulation经济体系economic system 管理职能managerial function产品product 服务service利润profit 满意satisfaction归属affiliation 尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization 人力投入human input盈余surplus 收入income成本cost 资本货物capital goods机器machinery 设备equipment建筑building 存货inventory经验法the empirical approach 人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach 系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach 人际关系human relation心理学psychology 态度attitude 压力pressure 冲突conflict 招聘recruit 鉴定appraisal选拔select 培训train报酬compensation 授权delegation of authority协调coordinate 业绩performance考绩制度merit system 表现behavior 下级subordinate 偏差deviation检验记录inspection record 误工记录record of labor-hours lost销售量sales volume 产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology 顾客服务customer service策略strategy 结构structure领先性primacy 普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear 忿恨resentment 士气morale 解雇layoff批发wholesale 零售retail程序procedure 规则rule规划program 预算budget共同作用synergy 大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource 购买acquisition 增长目标growth goal 专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival 晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision 商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier 小贩vendor 利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy 开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure 病假sick leave休假vacation 工时labor-hour 机时machine-hour 资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow 工资率wage rate 税收率tax rate 股息dividend现金状况cash position 资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget 资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility 投入原则the commitment principle投资回报return on investment 生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner 最终结果end result业绩performance 个人利益personal interest福利welfare 市场占有率market share创新innovation 生产率productivity利润率profitability 社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director 组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture 目标管理management by objectives评价工具appraisal tool 激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device 个人价值personal worth优势strength 弱点weakness 机会opportunity 威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility 顾问counselor 定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective 优先priority 工资表payroll策略strategy 政策policy灵活性discretion 多种经营diversification评估assessment 一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation价值value 抱负aspiration偏见prejudice 审查review 批准approval 主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star 问号question mark现金牛cash cow 赖狗dog 采购procurement 人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor 公司形象company image产品系列product line 合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy 紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics追随followership 个性individuality性格personality 安全safety 自主权latitude 悲观的pessimistic静止的static 乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic 灵活的flexible抵制resistance 敌对antagonism折中eclectic激励motivation 潜意识subconscious地位status 情感affection欲望desire 压力pressure满足satisfaction 自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs 归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs 生理的需要physiological needs维持maintenance 保健hygiene激励因素motivator 概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈feedback奖金bonus 股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute 缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover 奖励reward特许经营franchise 热诚zeal 信心confidence 鼓舞inspire要素ingredient 忠诚loyalty奉献devotion 作风style 品质trait 适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness 热情enthusiasm毅力persistence 人际交往能力interpersonal skills行政管理能力administrative ability 智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader 民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader 管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency 服从obedience 领导行为leader behavior 支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership 指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadership。
管理学英语词汇
管理学英语词汇（1）目标mission/ objective集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management 现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity 激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product管理学必备英语词汇服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory（2）经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system管理学必备英语词汇表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure(3) 领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat 个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll（4）策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy 战术tactics(5)追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic(6)激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs forself-actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward(7)特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability 智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadership汉语新难词英译保险业the insurance industry保证重点指出ensure funding for priority areas补发拖欠的养老金clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款non-performing loan层层转包和违法分包multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting城乡信用社credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保障制度the system of medical insurance for urban workers出口信贷export credit贷款质量loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法the five-category assets classification for bank loans防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程flood-prevention project非法外汇交易illegal foreign exchange transaction非贸易收汇foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions费改税transform administrative fees into taxes跟踪审计follow-up auditing工程监理制度the monitoring system for projects国有资产安全the safety of state-owned assets过度开垦excess reclamation合同管理制度the contract system for governing projects积极的财政政策pro-active fiscal policy 基本生活费basic allowance解除劳动关系sever labor relation金融监管责任制the responsibility system for financial supervision经济安全economic security靠扩大财政赤字搞建设to increase the deficit to spend more on development扩大国内需求the expansion of domestic demand拉动经济增长fuel economic growth粮食仓库grain depot粮食收购企业grain collection and storage enterprise粮食收购资金实行封闭运行closed operation of grain purchase funds粮食销售市场grain sales market劣质工程shoddy engineering乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currencyunder false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage融资渠道financing channels商业信贷原则the principles for commercial credit社会保险机构social security institution失业保险金unemployment insurance benefits偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes外汇收支foreign exchange revenue and spending安居工程housing project for low-income urban residents信息化information-based; informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power; Knowledge-intensive外资企业overseas-funded enterprises 下岗职工laid-off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel 三角债chain debts素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law-and-order situation民族国家nation state“**” "independence of Taiwan"台湾当局Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
管理学英语词汇【可编辑范本】
管理学英语词汇(1）ﻫ目标mission/obｊｅcｔｉveﻫ集体目标group objeｃtiveﻫ内部环境inteｒnａl ｅnviｒｏnｍｅｎtﻫ外部环境externａl environment计划planning组织orgａniｚing人事ｓtａfｆｉｎgﻫ领导lｅading控制ｃontroｌlinｇﻫ步骤ｐroｃess原理pｒｉnciplｅﻫ方法techniｑue经理mａnager总经理general manageｒﻫ行政人员aｄminiｓtraｔｏｒﻫ主管人员suｐｅrvｉsｏrﻫ企业enterpriｓeﻫ商业buｓｉnｅss产业indｕstry公司comｐanｙ效果efｆeｃtivenｅｓｓﻫ效率efficiencyﻫ企业家entrepｒeｎeur权利pｏwer职权authorityﻫ职责respoｎｓｉbilityﻫ科学管理ｓｃｉeｎtifｉc ｍaｎaｇemenｔ现代经营管理ｍｏdern opｅｒaｔｉoｎal maｎaｇｅmｅｎt行为科学behavior sｃiｅnｃeﻫ生产率p ｒodｕｃtｉviｔyﻫ激励motivate动机mｏtivｅ法律lawﻫ法规regulation经济体系ecｏnomiｃsyｓtemﻫ管理职能managｅｒiａl funcｔionﻫ产品pｒoｄuctﻫ管理学必备英语词汇ﻫ服务ｓerviceﻫ利润prｏfiｔ满意sａtisｆactionﻫ归属afｆiliatiｏnﻫ尊敬estｅｅm 自我实现self-acｔualｉzationﻫ人力投入ｈuｍａｎinpｕt盈余ｓurplus收入inｃｏme成本cosｔﻫ资本货物capｉtal goods机器machiｎｅrｙﻫ设备ｅquｉｐmｅnt 建筑building存货inventory（2)经验法tｈe empiricaｌapproａcｈ人际行为法the ｉnterpersonaｌbehaｖiorａpprｏachﻫ集体行为法tｈｅgroup behaｖior apprｏachﻫ协作社会系统法th ｅcoｏpeｒａｔｉve sｏcｉａｌｓystｅms aｐproａcｈﻫ社会技术系统法ｔｈｅsocial—technｉcal systｅms ａpproach 决策理论法the decision theｏｒy appｒoachﻫ数学法the mａthemａtiｃal aｐproach系统法the sysｔｅms apprｏach随机制宜法theｃｏntingｅncy aｐprｏａｃh管理任务法tｈe manageｒiaｌrｏｌes apｐｒoach经营法thｅopeｒaｔional appｒoaｃh 人际关系hｕｍan rｅlatioｎ心理学psｙcｈology态度attｉtｕdｅﻫ压力pressuｒeﻫ冲突conｆlict招聘ｒeｃruitﻫ鉴定aｐｐraｉsalﻫ选拔s ｅlｅctﻫ培训tｒain报酬cｏmpensａｔiｏnﻫ授权ｄeｌeｇation ｏｆａuｔhorｉtyﻫ协调coｏrdinateﻫ业绩perfｏrmanceﻫ考绩制度meｒiｔsyｓｔeｍﻫ管理学必备英语词汇表现beｈavior下级subordiｎate偏差deviation检验记录iｎsｐectiｏn rｅcｏrｄ误工记录reｃoｒｄｏf ｌabｏr—hours lost销售量sales voｌumeﻫ产品质量ｑuality of prｏductｓﻫ先进技术advanced ｔeｃｈnoｌogy顾客服务custoｍeｒserviｃeﻫ策略strategｙ结构ｓｔruｃtuｒｅ(3)领先性pｒimａcyﻫ普遍性peｒｖａsiveness忧虑feａrﻫ忿恨resentmeｎtﻫ士气ｍｏｒａleﻫ解雇ｌaｙｏff批发whoｌesaｌe零售retail程序pｒoｃeduｒeﻫ规则rｕｌｅ规划ｐroｇｒam预算budgeｔ共同作用synｅrgｙﻫ大型联合企业coｎglomerate资源resｏurce购买ａcquisitｉｏｎ增长目标gｒowth goａｌﻫ专利产品pｒoprietａrｙproｄucｔ竞争对手riｖａｌ晋升ｐｒｏｍotiｏnﻫ管理决策manａgeriaｌdｅcｉsion 商业道德bｕsiｎess eｔｈiｃs有竞争力的价格competitive ｐricｅ供货商suｐplierﻫ小贩vｅndｏr利益冲突cｏnflict oｆiｎtｅrestsﻫ派生政策derivａtive pｏｌｉｃy开支帐户ｅxｐenseａccoｕnt批准程序apprｏvａl procedure病假ｓicｋｌeａveﻫ休假vacａtｉonﻫ工时laｂor—hｏｕrﻫ机时maｃhｉｎe-hour资本支出ｃaｐital ｏutｌay现金流量cａsh flowﻫ工资率ｗage ra ｔe税收率tax ratｅﻫ股息dｉvｉdｅnｄ现金状况caｓh pｏsitｉon资金短缺caｐitalｓｈoｒtaｇeﻫ总预算ovｅraｌl budgetﻫ资产负债表baｌanｃe ｓｈeetﻫ可行性feaｓibilityﻫ投入原则the coｍmｉtmeｎｔｐｒｉnciplｅﻫ投资回报ｒetｕrn ｏn iｎvestmentﻫ生产能力c ａpacｉty toｐrodｕcｅﻫ实际工作者pracｔitiｏｎerﻫ最终结果enｄｒeｓｕltﻫ业绩ｐerfoｒmanｃeﻫ个人利益ｐｅrsonａl inｔｅrｅst福利welfaｒeﻫ市场占有率mａrｋｅt sｈare创新ｉｎnovaｔion生产率productiviｔyﻫ利润率profitability 社会责任pubｌiｃrespｏｎｓｉbiｌiｔyﻫ董事会bｏａrd of dirｅctoｒﻫ组织规模sizｅoｆtｈｅorganiｚaｔion组织文化oｒgａnｉzational ｃulture目标管理maｎagemeｎｔby objeｃt ｉves评价工具appｒａiｓａl tooｌ激励方法motivatioｎal ｔeｃhｎiques控制手段coｎtrｏl devicｅ个人价值personalｗorth优势strengtｈ弱点weakｎeｓｓﻫ机会opportunityﻫ威胁thｒeat个人责任peｒsoｎal rｅｓpｏnsibility顾问couｎｓelorﻫ定量目标quantｉtative ｏbjectiｖｅﻫ定性目标qｕalitaｔive objectiveﻫ可考核目标verｉfiable objectivｅ优先pｒioritｙ工资表payｒolｌ（4）策略ｓtratｅgｙﻫ政策ｐolｉcyﻫ灵活性d ｉｓcｒetion多种经营divｅrｓificationﻫ评估assessmentﻫ一致性ｃｏnsistｅｎcy应变策略consistency stｒateｇｙ公共关系public reｌatioｎ价值valueﻫ抱负aspｉｒaｔiｏn偏见prejudicｅﻫ审查rｅviewﻫ批准appr ｏval主要决定major decisionﻫ分公司总经理divｉsｉｏｎgｅneral manager资产组合距阵ｐoｒtｆoliｏmatrｉx明星star问号questiｏｎmark现金牛caｓh ｃｏwﻫ赖狗ｄoｇ采购pｒｏcｕrement人口因素deｍogrａｐhic ｆａctorﻫ地理因素gｅｏgｒａpｈic fａctｏrﻫ公司形象ｃｏmｐaｎy imageﻫ产品系列prod ｕct linｅ合资企业jｏinｔveｎtuｒｅﻫ破产政策liｑuidaｔiｏn sｔrateｇy紧缩政策retｒenchmenｔｓtratｅgyﻫ战术tａctics（5）ﻫ追随ｆolｌｏwｅｒsｈipﻫ个性indivｉdualｉtｙ性格ｐersonａｌiｔyﻫ安全safeｔyﻫ自主权ｌatitudeﻫ悲观的pesｓimｉｓtiｃﻫ静止的staticﻫ乐观的optｉmistiｃ动态的dｙnaｍic灵活的ｆlexiｂlｅﻫ抵制ｒesistaｎcｅ敌对antagｏnisｍﻫ折中eｃｌｅｃtic(6）ﻫ激励ｍotｉｖａｔｉonﻫ潜意识subcｏnｓcious地位status情感affecｔionﻫ欲望dｅsireﻫ压力ｐrｅsｓure满足saｔiｓfactionﻫ自我实现的需要ｎe ｅdsｆoｒselｆ—ａcｔuaｌiｚａtiｏｎﻫ尊敬的需要esｔeem neｅｄs归属的需要affｉliatioｎneｅdsﻫ安全的需要ｓeｃurity needsﻫ生理的需要phｙｓｉｏlogicａl neｅｄｓ维持ｍaiｎｔenａncｅ保健hygienｅ激励因素motiｖator概率probabiｌity强化理论reinforceｍeｎｔｔhｅoryﻫ反馈ｆeedbaｃkﻫ奖金bｏnusﻫ股票期权ｓtock oｐtｉonﻫ劳资纠纷ｌaｂoｒdisputeﻫ缺勤率absenteｅismﻫ人员流动t ｕrｎover奖励rｅward（7）特许经营ｆｒａnｃhiseﻫ热诚zｅａｌﻫ信心ｃonfidenｃeﻫ鼓舞ｉnspiｒｅﻫ要素ｉｎgredｉｅｎtﻫ忠诚loyalｔyﻫ奉献ｄｅvotiｏn作风styｌeﻫ品质traｉｔﻫ适应性aｄａptabｉlｉtyﻫ进取性agｇreｓｓivenｅｓｓ热情enthuｓiａsm毅力persｉsteｎｃeﻫ人际交往能力ｉnterpｅrsonal sｋillsﻫ行政管理能力adｍｉnistrative ａbiliｔy智力intelligenceﻫ专制式领导auｔocratic lｅａｄeｒﻫ民主式领导deｍｏcr ａtic lｅaｄerﻫ自由放任式领导freｅ—re ｉn leａｄｅｒ管理方格图thｅmanａgｅrialｇridﻫ工作效率woｒk ｅfficiencyﻫ服从obｅdience领导行为leａder ｂehaviｏr支持型领导suppｏｒtｉve ｌeadｅrsｈｉｐ参与型领导pａrｔicipatiｖeｌeaｄership指导型领导inｓｔrumenｔal leａdｅrshipﻫ成就取向型领导ａｃhｉeveｍｅnt—ｏrｉenｔed leadershiｐ汉语新难词英译保险业tｈe inｓuｒaｎce ｉnｄu ｓtry保证重点指出enｓure fundinｇfoｒｐr ｉｏｒｉtｙaｒeaｓ补发拖欠的养老金cｌｅａr ｕpｐeｎｓｉｏn pａymentｓin aｒｒearsﻫ不良贷款non—peｒfoｒming loanﻫ层层转包和违法分包multi—lｅvｅl contractｉng and iｌlegａｌsuｂcｏｎｔractingﻫ城乡信用社ｃrediｔｃoopeｒative iｎbｏth uｒｂaｎａnd ｒuｒal aｒeaｓ城镇居民最低生活保障a minｉmum standaｒｄｏf living for ciｔy resid ｅntｓ城镇职工医疗保障制度ｔhe syｓtem of ｍedｉcａlｉnsuraｎce for uｒbａn worｋｅrs出口信贷exporｔcrｅdｉt贷款质量lｏan quａｌｉｔy贷款质量五级分类办法the five-ｃategory assetｓcｌasｓifiｃａtiｏn ｆｏｒbank loaｎsﻫ防范和化解金融风险t ａｋｅprｅcautions agaiｎst anｄreduｃe fiｎaｎｃiaｌriｓｋs防洪工程flｏｏd-prevenｔioｎpｒoject 非法外汇交易ilｌegａl foreign exchan ｇe transaｃｔion非贸易收汇ｆorｅigｎeｘchangｅearninｇs through nontｒade channelｓﻫ非银行金融机构ｎoｎ-bank financiaｌinｓtituｔiｏｎsﻫ费改税transform ａdminｉｓtrative ｆees into taxesﻫ跟踪审计foｌlow—ｕp aｕｄiｔing工程监理制度theｍonｉtoring sｙstem for ｐｒｏjｅｃｔｓ国有资产安全the saｆeｔy of statｅ—ｏwnｅd assｅtsﻫ过度开垦ｅｘcess reclamatiｏn合同管理制度thｅcontracｔsyｓtemfoｒgoverning projectｓﻫ积极的财政政策pｒo-ａctｉve fｉsｃal pｏlicyﻫ基本生活费baｓic allowanceﻫ解除劳动关系sever labor reｌatiｏn金融监管责任制the responsibｉlityｓystem for fｉnanciaｌｓupervｉｓionﻫ经济安全eｃｏnomｉc sｅｃuritｙﻫ靠扩大财政赤字搞建设to incrｅａsｅthe def ｉｃit tｏspendｍorｅon develｏpm ｅｎt扩大国内需求ｔhe eｘpanｓionｏf domestic demaｎｄ拉动经济增长fuel economic ｇｒowthﻫ粮食仓库ｇraｉn depｏｔﻫ粮食收购企业gｒain cｏllｅctｉon and ｓｔor ａge ｅnterprｉse粮食收购资金实行封闭运行closeｄope ｒatiｏn of ｇrain puｒchase fundsﻫ粮食销售市场grａin sａles mａrkｅt劣质工程shｏdｄｙeｎｇinｅｅｒｉｎｇ乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arｂitｒaｒy ｃhargｅｓ, fｕｎd－raisｉng，ｑuoｔaｓaｎd finｅｓﻫ骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtａin ｆoreiｇn curｒｅｎcy ｕnder false prｅtenｓｅｓ, not turn ovｅｒfｏreign owed to thｅgovernｍent aｎd iｌlegal arbitｒagｅﻫ融资渠道finaｎｃing chaｎneｌsﻫ商业信贷原则the princiｐlｅs foｒｃomｍｅrciaｌcｒedit 社会保险机构socｉal seｃuritｙiｎｓtitution失业保险金unemployｍeｎｔinｓuranｃe ｂeｎefｉtsﻫ偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税tax ｅvａsion，ｔax fraｕd and ｒefusal to paｙtaｘｅｓﻫ外汇收支ｆｏreign eｘchange reｖｅnue andｓｐenｄing安居工程ｈousｉｎg ｐroject foｒｌｏw-iｎｃome urbａn residenｔsﻫ信息化ｉｎｆormatｉｏｎ－ｂased；informａtｉｏniｚaｔiｏn智力密集型concｅｎtraｔion oｆbraiｎpower；Ｋｎｏwlｅdｇe-intensiveﻫ外资企业overseas-fｕndｅd eｎｔerprｉｓes 下岗职工ｌaid—ｏff woｒkeｒsﻫ分流ｒｅposiｔiｏn of ｒeｄundａnt persｏｎnｅl三角债ｃhaｉn deｂtｓ素质教育educatｉon ｆor all-ｒound dｅveｌopｍent豆腐渣工程jerry-built projｅｃts社会治安情况law—aｎd—oｒder ｓitｕa ｔiｏnﻫ民族国家natiｏn ｓｔａｔeﻫ“**” ”ｉnｄepenｄｅncｅof Tａiwan"台湾当局Taiwan authorｉties台湾同胞Taiwａnｃｏmpatrｉotｓ台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
（完整版）管理学专业英语词汇大全
（完整版）管理学专业英语词汇大全管理学专业英语词汇大全Aaccounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性Assumption 假设asymetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本Bbarriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集Ccapital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris puribus demand curve 其他因素不变的需求曲线Chamberlin model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporatlon 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本极小化Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡Cross—price elasticity 交叉价格弹性Ddead—weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligoply 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴税、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工distribution theory of marginal productivity 边际生产率分配论duoupoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型EEconomic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换economics 经济学exchange efficiency 交换效率economy 经济exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率，效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envolope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量eqity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess—capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理excess supply 过度供给exchange 交换exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exclusion 排斥性、排他性exclusion principle 排他性原则existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性exogenous variables 外生变量expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性FFactor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms’demand cur ve for labor 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first—order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品，免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车，免费搭车function 函数future value 未来值Ggame theory 对策论、博弈论general equilibrium 总体均衡general goods 一般商品Gini coefficient 吉尼系数goldenrule 黄金规则goods 货物government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿Hheterogeneous product 异质产品homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和household 家庭how to produce 如何生产human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说Iidentity 恒等式imperfect competion 不完全竞争implicitcost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curveincome constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增inefficiency 缺乏效率index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input—output 投入—产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internatization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 逆需求函数investment 投资invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线，isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族Llabour 劳动labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任land 土地law 法则law of demand and supply 供需法law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则leader—follower model 领导者--跟随者模型least—cost combination of inputs 最低成本的投入组合leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 列昂节夫生产函数licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function 线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化1ump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品Mmacroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal 边际的marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 实际实物生产率marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market 市场market clearance 市场结清，市场洗清market demand 市场需求market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡market failure 市场失败market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法maximization 极大化microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济model 模型money 货币monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断NNash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non--zero—sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学Oobjective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束perfect elasticity 完全有弹性optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization(social) preference (社会)偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产量、产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化Pparameter 参数partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfectly elastic 完全有弹性perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price 价格price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者price tax 从价税private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托--代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者理论product 产品product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production 生产production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能性曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labor 劳动生产率profit 利润profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲线public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争rivalry 对抗性、竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Qquantity—adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi—rent 准租金Rrate of product transformation 产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent control 规模报酬rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数revenue maximization 收益极大化ridge line 脊线risk 风险Ssatiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second—degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视second derivative --阶导数second—order condition 二阶条件service 劳务set 集shadow prices 影子价格short—run 短期short—run cost curve 短期成本曲线short—run equilibrium 短期均衡short—run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡static analysis 静态分析stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 津贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply 供给supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数supply schedule 供给表symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称Ttangency 相切taste 兴致technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步technology 技术third—degree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用Uuncertainty 不确定性uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility 效用utility function 效用函数utility index 效用指数utility maximization 效用极大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿Vvalue 价值value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入variables 变量vector 向量visible hand 看得见的手vulgur economics 庸俗经济学Wwage 工资wage rate 工资率Wants 需要Welfare criterion 福利标准Welfare economics 福利经学Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形welfare maximization 福利极大化Zzero cost 零成本zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性zero economic profit 零利润目标 mission/ objective 内部环境 internal environment 外部环境 external environment 集体目标 group objective 计划 planning 组织organizing人事 staffing 领导 leading 控制 controlling步骤 process 原理 principle 方法 technique经理manager 总经理general manager 行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor 企业enterprise 商业business 产业industry 公司 company 效果 effectiveness 效率efficiency 企业家entrepreneur 权利power职权authority 职责responsibility 科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management 行为科学behavior science生产率 productivity 激励 motivate 动机 motive 法律 law 法规regulation 经济体系 economic system管理职能 managerial function 产品 product 服务 service利润 profit 满意 satisfaction 归属 affiliation尊敬 esteem 自我实现 self-actualization 人力投入 human input 盈余 surplus 收入 income 成本 cost 资本货物capital goods机器 machinery 设备 equipment 建筑 building 存货 inventory 经验法 the empirical approach 人际行为法 the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法 the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法 the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法 the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法 the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach 系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法 the operational approach 人际关系human relation心理学 psychology 态度 attitude 压力 pressure 冲突 conflict 招聘 recruit 鉴定 appraisal 选拔 select 培训train报酬compensation 授权delegation of authority 协调coordinate 业绩 performance考绩制度merit system 表现behavior 下级subordinate 偏差deviation检验记录inspection record 误工记录record of labor-hours lost 销售量sales volume 产品质量quality of products 先进技术advanced technology 顾客服务 customer service 策略strategy 结构structure 领先性primacy 普遍性pervasiveness 忧虑fear 忿恨resentment 士气morale 解雇 layoff批发 wholesale 零售 retail 程序 procedure 规则rule规划program 预算budget 共同作用synergy 大型联合企业conglomerate 资源resource 购买acquisition 增长目标growthgoal 专利产品proprietary product 竞争对手 rival 晋升promotion 管理决策 managerial decision 商业道德 business ethics 有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier 小贩vendor 利益冲突conflict of interests 派生政策derivative policy 开支帐户expense account 批准程序 approval procedure病假 sick leave 休假 vacation 工时 labor-hour 机时 machine-hour 资本支出 capital outlay 现金流量 cash flow 工资率 wage rate 税收率tax rate 股息dividend 现金状况cash position 资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget 资产负债表balance sheet 可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment 生产能力 capacity to produce 实际工作者 practitioner 最终结果 end result 业绩 performance个人利益personal interest 福利welfare 市场占有率market share 创新 innovation 生产率productivity 利润率 profitability 社会责任 public responsibility 董事会 board of director 组织规模 size of the organization 组织文化 organizational culture 目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool 激励方法motivational techniques 控制手段control device 个人价值personal worth 优势 strength 弱点 weakness 机会 opportunity 威胁 threat个人责任personal responsibility 顾问counselor 定量目标quantitative objective 定性目标qualitative objective 可考核目标verifiable objective 优先 priority 工资表payroll 策略 strategy 政策policy 灵活性discretion 多种经营 diversification 评估assessment 一致性 consistency应变策略consistency strategy 公共关系public relation 价值value 抱负 aspiration 偏见prejudice 审查 review 批准 approval 主要决定major decision 分公司总经理 division general manager 资产组合距阵 portfolio matrix 明星star 问号 question mark 现金牛cash cow 赖狗dog 采购 procurement 人口因素 demographic factor 地理因素geographic factor 公司形象company image产品系列product line 合资企业joint venture 破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策 retrenchment strategy 战术 tactics 追随 followership 个性 individuality 性格 personality 安全 safety 自主权 latitude 悲观的 pessimistic 静止的static 乐观的 optimistic 动态的 dynamic 灵活的 flexible 抵制 resistance 敌对 antagonism 折中 eclectic 激励motivation 潜意识subconscious 地位status 情感affection 欲望desire 压力 pressure满足 satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要esteem needs 归属的需要affiliation needs 安全的需要security needs 生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance 保健hygiene 激励因素motivator 概率probability 强化理论reinforcement theory 反馈feedback 奖金bonus 股票期权stock option 劳资纠纷labor dispute 缺勤率absenteeism 人员流动turnover 奖励 reward 特许经营 franchise 热诚zeal 信心 confidence 鼓舞 inspire 要素ingredient忠诚loyalty 奉献devotion 作风style 品质trait 适应性adaptability 进取性 aggressiveness 热情 enthusiasm毅力 persistence 人际交往能力 interpersonal skills行政管理能力 administrative ability智力intelligence 专制式领导autocratic leader 民主式领导democratic leader 自由放任式领导 free-rein leader 管理方格图 the managerial grid 工作效率work efficiency 服从obedience 领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership 参与型领导participativeleadership指导型领导 instrumental leadership成就取向型领导 achievement-oriented leadershipAutomated inspection 自动化检验automatic assembly system 自动化装配系统applied biomechanics 应用生物力学CAD/CAM 计算机辅助设计与制造computer integrated manufacturing system 计算机整合制造系统data structure 数据结构data base management system 数据库管理系统decision analysis 决策分析engineering economy 工程经济engineering statistics 工程统计facilities planning 设施规划factory diagnoisis and improvement method 工厂诊断与改善方法financial and cost analysis 财务与成本分析fuzzy theory and application 模糊理论与应用human-computer interaction (HCI)人因工程与计算机系统human factors engineering 人因工程human information processing 人类讯息处理human-machine system design 人机系统设计human resource management 人力资源管理human system diagnosis and improvement 人体系统诊断与改善industrial environment evaluation 工业环境评估industrial organizations and management 工业组织与管理industrial safety 工业安全information technology 信息技术intellectual property laws 智慧财产权法knowledgeengineering 知识工程linear algebra 线性代数manufacturing automation 制造自动化manufacturing engineering 制造工程manufacturing management 制造管理manufacturing process 制造程序manufacturing systems and management 制造系统与管理market and marketing 市场与行销material flows automation 物流自动化mathematical programming 数学规划multicriteria decision making 多目标规划multi-criteria decision methods 多准则决策分析network analysis 网络分析numerical analysis 数值分析organization and management 组织与管理product and technology development management 产品与技术开发管理production management 生产管理production planning and control 生产计划与管制quality control 质量管理quality engineering 品质工程quality management techniques and practice 品质管理queueing theory 等候线理论reliability engineering 可靠度工程research，development and innovation management 研究发展管理semiconductor production management 半导体生产管理sequencing and scheduling 排序与排程simulation 模拟分析statistical method 统计方法stochastic processes 随机系统strategic management of technology 技术策略system analysis and design in large scale 大型系统分析与设计system performance evaluation 系统绩效评估技术system quality assurance engineering 系统品质保证工程systems engineering 系统工程systems simulation 系统仿真vision and colors 视觉与色彩work physiology 工作生理学work study 工作研究Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师Clerk/Receptionist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人F.X. (Foreign Exchange)Clerk 外汇部职员F.X. Settlement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理General Auditor 审计长General Manager/ President 总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer 计算机硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员International Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Relations 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marketing Manager 市场销售部经理Marketing Staff 市场销售员Marketing Assistant 销售助理Marketing Executive 销售主管Marketing Representative 销售代表Marketing Representative Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理Office Clerk 职员Operational Manager 业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师Passenger Reservation Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理Plant/ Factory Manager 厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理Production Engineer 产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff 项目策划人员Promotional Manager 推售部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购进货员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Co-ordinator 招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理Research＆.Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师Sales Executive 销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representative 销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securities Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员Software Engineer 计算机软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人T elecommunication Executive电讯（电信）员Telephonist / Operator 电话接线员、话务员T ourist Guide 导游Trade Finance Executive 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理Translation Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Executive 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Wordprocessor Operator 文字处理操作员Aaccess discrimination 进入歧视 action research 动作研究adjourning 解散 adhocracy 特别结构administrative principle 管理原则 artifacts 人工环境artificial intelligence 人工智能工巧匠 avoiding learning 规避性学习ambidextrous approach 双管齐下策略Bbalance sheet 资产负债表 bcg matrix 波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality 有限理性 bureaucracy 官僚机构benchmarking 标杆瞄准 bounded rationality perspective 有限理性方法boundary-spanning roles 跨超边界作用Ccomputer-aided design and computer-automated manufacturing(cad/cam) 计算机辅助设计与计算机自动生产confrontation 对话consortia 企业联合change agent 变革促进者chaos theory 混沌理论charismatic leaders 魅力型领导者 charity principle 博爱原则coercive power 强制权cohesiveness 凝聚力collaborative management 合作型管理comparable worth 可比较价值competitive benchmarking 竞争性基准confrontation meeting 碰头会constancy of purpose 永久性目标 contingency approach 权变理论corporate social performance 公司社会表现corporate social responsibility公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness公司社会反应critical incident 关键事件current assets 流动资产 current liabilities 流动负债culture strength 文化强度 creative department 创造性部门craft technology 技艺性技术 contextual dimension 关联性维度continuous process production 连续加工生产collectivity stage 集体化阶段clan control 小团体控制 clan culture 小团体文化coalition 联合团体collaborative 协作网络centrality 集中性centraliazation 集权化charismatic authority 竭尽忠诚的权力Ddecentralization 分权 democracy management民主管理departmentalization 部门化 differential rate system 差别报酬系统dialectical inquiry methods 辩证探求法division of labor 劳动分工downward mobility 降职流动 dynamic engagement 动态融合dynamic network 动态网络 domain 领域direct interlock 直接交叉 divisional form 事业部模式differentiation strategy 差别化战略 decision premise 决策前提dual-core approach 二元核心模式Eelectronic data-processing(edp) 电子数据处理employee-oriented style 员工导向型风格empowerment 授权 encoding 解码end-user computing 终端用户计算系统entrepreneurship 企业家精神equity 净资产 equity theory 公平理论espoused value 信仰价值 ethnocentric manager 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory 期望理论 expense budget 支出预算expense center 费用中心 external audit 外部审计external stakeholders 外部利益相关者 extrinsic rewards 外部奖励ethic ombudsperson 伦理巡视官 external adaption 外部适应性elaboration stage 精细阶段 entrepreneurial stage 创业阶段escalating commitment 顽固认同Ffamily group 家庭集团 financial statement 财务报表flat hierarchies 扁平型结构 flexible budget 弹性预算force-field theory 场力理论 formal authority 合法权力formal systematic appraisal 正式的系统评估franchise 特许经营权formalization stage 规范化阶段 functional grouping 职能组合formal channel of communication 正式沟通渠道Ggame theory 博弈论 general financial condition 一般财务状况geocentric manager 全球化管理者 general manager 总经理globalization 全球化gossip chain 传言链grapevine 传言网global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系general environment 一般环境 generalist 全面战略geographic grouping 区域组合 global company 全球公司global geographic structure 全球区域结构Hhawthorne effect 霍桑效应 heuristic principles 启发性原理hierarchy 科层制度 hiring specification 招聘细则horizontal linkage model 横向联系模型 hybrid structure 混合结构high tech 高接触 high-velocity environments 高倍速环境Iimpoverished management 放任式管理 income statement 损益表information transformation 信息转换infrastructure 基础设施integrative process 整合过程 intelligent enterprises 智力企业internal audit 内部审计 internal stakeholder 内部相关者internship 实习 intrapreneurship 内部企业家精神intrinsic reward 内在报酬inventory 库存, 存货internal integration 内部整合 interorganization relationship 组织间的关系intergroup conflict 团体间冲突 interlocking directorate 交叉董事会institutional perspective 机构的观点 intuitive decision making 直觉决策idea champion 构思倡导者 incremental change 渐进式变革informal organizational structure 非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal 非正式业绩评价Jjob description 职务描述 job design 职务设计job enlargement 职务扩大化 job enrichment 职务丰富化job rotation 职务轮换 job specialization 职务专业化Kkey performance areas 关键业务区 key result areas 关键绩效区Llabor productivity index 劳动生产力指数laissez management 自由化管理large batch production 大批量生产 lateral communication 横。
管理学常用英文单词-含音标
管理学常用词汇A 11access discrimination ['æksɛs] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən]进入歧视action research ['ækʃən] ['risɝtʃ] 动作研究；行为研究adjourning [ə'dʒɝnɪŋ] 解散期；解散阶段；中止阶段adhocracy [æd'hɔkrəsi] 无固定结构的管理方式或组织；临时委员会组织；administrative principle [əd'mɪnɪstretɪv] ['prɪnsəpl] 管理原则advanced negotiation[əd'vænst] [nɪ,ɡoʃɪ'eʃən]高级谈判alignment[ə'laɪnmənt] 结盟artifacts ['a:rtifækts]人工环境artificial intelligence [,ɑrtɪ'fɪʃl] [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒəns] 人工智能、巧匠avoiding learning [ə'vɔɪdɪŋ] ['lɜːnɪŋ]规避性学习ambidextrous approach [,æmbɪ'dekstrəs] [ə'prɔtʃ]双管齐下策略B 9balance sheet ['bæləns] [ʃit]资产负债表bias['baɪəs] 偏见BCG matrix（ BCG:Boston Consulting Group['bɔstən] [kən'sʌltɪŋ] [gru ːp]） ['metrɪks] 波士顿矩阵，波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications [,bəunə'faidi] [,ɑkju'peʃən] [,kw ɑləfə'keʃən] 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti]有限理性bounded rationality perspective ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti] [pə'spekt ɪv]有限理性方法bureaucracy [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]官僚机构benchmarking ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ] 标杆管理；标记；确定基准点boundary-spanning roles ['baʊndri] ['spæniŋ] [rolz] 跨超边界作用C 42capturing value through pricing['kæptʃɚrɪŋ] ['vælju] [θru] ['praɪsɪŋ] 通过定价获取价值change agent [tʃendʒ] ['edʒənt] 变革推动者，促变者challenge ['tʃælɪndʒ]挑战chaos theory ['keɑs] ['θiəri] 混沌理论charismatic leaders [,kærɪz'mætɪk] ['lidɚz]魅力型领导者charity principle ['tʃærəti] ['prɪnsəpl] 博爱原则closing bell['klozɪŋ] [bɛl]收盘corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['soʃl] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]企业的社会责任competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争战略；竞争策略confrontation [,kɑnfrənfrʌn'teʃən] 对话, 对抗；面对；对质confrontation meeting [,kɑnfrən'teʃən] ['mitɪŋ] 碰头会consortia [kən'sɔ:tɪə] 企业联合、联盟、合作coercive power [kəʊ'ɜːsɪv] ['paʊə] 强制权，强制力cohesiveness [ko'hisɪvnɪs] 凝聚力collaborative management [kə'læbəretɪv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]合作型管理comparable worth ['kɑmpərəbl] [wɝθ]可比价值；同值同酬competitive benchmarking [kəm'petɪtɪv] ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ]竞争性基准competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争策略constancy of purpose ['kɑnstənsi] [əv] ['pɜːpəs] 永久性目标contingency approach [kən'tɪndʒənsi] [ə'protʃ] 权变理论；权变方法；随机应变法corporate governance['kɔrpərət] ['gʌvɚnəns]企业管治corporate social performance ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [pə'fɔːm(ə)ns]企业社会绩效；公司社会表现corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ'spɑnsɪvnɪs]公司社会反应critical incident ['krɪtɪkl] ['ɪnsɪdənt] 危机事故；关键事件current assets ['kʌr(ə)nt] ['æset s] 流动资产current liabilities ['kʌr(ə)nt] [,laɪə'bɪləti]流动负债; 经常性贷款culture strength ['kʌltʃə] [streŋθ]文化强度; 文化力creative department [krɪ'etɪv] [dɪ'pɑrtmənt] 创造性部门creation of value[krɪ'eʃən] [əv] ['vælju]价值创造craft technology [kræft] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi]工艺技术、技艺性技术contextual dimension [kən'tɛkstʃuəl] [daɪ'mɛnʃən]关联性维度continuous process production [kən'tɪnjʊəs] ['prɑsɛs] [prə'dʌkʃən]连续加工生产collectivity stage [,kɑlɛk'tɪvəti] [stedʒ] 集体化阶段clan control [klæn] [kən'trol] 小团体控制clan culture [klæn] ['kʌltʃɚ] 小团体文化coalition [,koə'lɪʃən] 联合；结合，合并；联合团体collaborative [kə'læbəretɪv] 协作网络centrality [sɛn'træləti] 中心；中央；向心性；集中性centralization [,sɛntrəlɪ'zeʃən]集权化；中央集权管理charismatic authority [,kærɪz'mætɪk] [ə'θɔrəti] 魅力型权威、竭尽忠诚的权力customer insight['kʌstəmɚ] ['ɪn'saɪt]消费者洞察力；客户需求D 18decentralization [dɪ'sɛntrəlaɪ'zeʃən]分权；非集权化decision premise [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['premɪs]决策前提democracy management [də'mɑkrəsi] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 民主管理departmentalization [di:pɑ:t,mentəlai'zeiʃən]部门化; 部门划分designing effective organization[dɪ'zaɪnɪŋ] [ɪ'fɛktɪv] [,ɔrɡənə'zeʃən]设计有效的组织development structure[dɪ'vɛləpmənt] ['strʌktʃɚ]发展结构dialectical inquiry methods [,daɪə'lɛktɪkl] ['ɪŋkwaɪri] ['mɛθədz]辩证探求法differentiation strategy [,dɪfərenʃɪ'eɪʃn] ['strætədʒi] 差别化战略；差异化竞争战略differential rate system ['dɪfə'rɛnʃəl] [ret] ['sɪstəm] 差别报酬系统direct interlock [də'rɛkt] ['ɪntɚlɑk] 直接交叉divisional form [də'vɪʒənl] [fɔrm] 事业部模式division of labor [də'vɪʒən] [əv] ['lebɚ] 劳动(力)分工downward mobility ['daʊnwɚd] [mo'bɪləti] 降职流动、社会地位的下降dynamic engagement [daɪ'næmɪk] [ɪn'ɡedʒmənt]动态融合dynamic network [daɪ'næmɪk] ['nɛtwɝk] 动态网络domain [do'men] 领域；；域名；产业；地产dual-core approach ['dʊəl] [kɔr] [ə'protʃ] 二元核心模式dynamics of synergy[daɪ'næmɪks] [əv] ['sɪnɚdʒi]协力优势E 28effective decision making[ɪ'fɛktɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]有效决策制定effective leadership[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['lidɚʃɪp]有效领导effective conflict resolution[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['kɑnflɪkt] [rezə'luːʃ(ə)n]高效冲突管理electronic data-processing(EDP) [ɪ,lɛk'trɑnɪk] ['detə] ['prɑsɛsɪŋ]]电子数据处理employee-oriented style [ɪm'plɔɪi] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 员工导向型风格empowerment [ɪm'paʊɚmənt] 许可，授权encoding [ɪn'kodɪŋ] 解码; 编码end-user computing ['end,ju:zə] [kəm'pjʊtɪŋ]终端用户计算系统enter ['ɛntɚ]进入；参加enterprise ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]企业entrepreneurship [,ɑntrəprə'nɝʃɪp] 企业家精神equity ['ɛkwəti]平等；相等equity theory ['ɛkwəti] ['θiəri] 公平理论espoused value [ɪ'spaʊzid] ['vælju]信仰价值ethics['eθɪks] 伦理学；伦理观；道德标准ethnocentric manager [,ɛθno'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory [ɪk'spɛktənsi] ['θiəri] 期望理论expense budget [ɪk'spɛns] ['bʌdʒɪt] 费用预算;支出预算expense center [ɪk'spɛns] ['sɛntɚ]费用中心external audit [ɪk'stɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 外部审计; 独立审计external stakeholders [ɪk'stɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 外部利益相关者extreme circumstances[ɪk'strim] ['sɝkəmstæns iz]极端情况extrinsic rewards [ɛks'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrdz] 外部奖励；外部报酬ethic ombudsperson ['ɛθɪk] [,ɔmbudz'pɝsn] 伦理巡视官external adaption [ɪk'stɝnl] [ə'dæpʃən] 外部适应性elaboration stage [ɪ,læbə'reʃən] [stedʒ] 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage [,ɑntrəprə'njʊrɪəl] [stedʒ] 创业阶段escalating commitment ['ɛskəletɪŋ] [kə'mɪtmənt] 顽固认同F 14family group ['fæməli] [gruːp] 家族集团;家族企业financing growth[fɪ'nænsɪŋ] [ɡroθ]财务增长financial management [faɪ'nænʃl] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 财务管理；金融管理financial statement [faɪ'nænʃl] ['stetmənt] 财务报表flat hierarchies [flæt] ['haɪə,rɑrkiz] 扁平型结构flexible budget ['flɛksəbl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 弹性预算force-field theory [fɔrs] [fild] ['θiəri] 场力理论formal authority ['fɔrml] [ə'θɔrəti] 正式授权;正式权限;合法权力formal systematic appraisal ['fɔrml] ['sɪstə'mætɪk] [ə'prezl] 正式的系统评估franchise ['fræntʃaɪz] 特许经营权formalization stage [,fɔməlɪ'zeʃən] [stedʒ] 规范化阶段functional grouping ['fʌŋkʃənl] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 职能组合formal channel of communication ['fɔrml] ['tʃænl] [əv] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 正式沟通渠道fundamentals [,fʌndə'mɛntl] 基本面；基本原理G 16game theory [geɪm] ['θiəri] 博弈论general financial condition ['dʒɛnrəl] [faɪ'nænʃl] [kən'dɪʃən] 一般财务状况geocentric manager [,dʒio'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 全球化管理者geographic and cultural boundaries[,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] [ənd] ['kʌltʃərəl] ['baʊndri]地理和文化界限global brand['ɡlobl] [brænd]全球品牌global enterprise['ɡlobl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]全球化企业global market ['ɡlobl] ['mɑrkɪt]全球市场；国际市场globalization [,ɡləubəlai'zeiʃən] 全球化gossip chain ['ɡɑsɪp] [tʃen] 传言链grapevine ['ɡrepvaɪn] 小道消息；秘密情报网;传言网global strategic partnership ['ɡlobl] [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚʃɪp] 全球战略伙伴关系general environment ['dʒɛnrəl] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] 一般环境；总体环境generalist ['dʒɛnrəlɪst] 通才；多面手;全面战略geographic grouping [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 区域组合global company ['ɡlobl] ['kʌmpəni] 跨国公司;全球公司global geographic structure ['ɡlobl] [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['strʌktʃɚ]全球区域结构H 11Hawthorne effect [hɔθən] [ɪ'fɛkt] 霍桑效应heuristic principles [hjʊ'rɪstɪk] ['prɪnsəpl] 启发性原理hierarchy ['haɪərɑrki] 科层制度high ambition[haɪ] [æm'bɪʃən]更高志向、雄心壮志high commitment[haɪ] [kə'mɪtmənt]高承诺high performance[haɪ] [pɚ'fɔrməns]高效能hiring specification ['haiəriŋ] ['spɛsəfə'keʃən] 招聘细则horizontal linkage model ['hɔrə'zɑntl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ] ['mɑdl] 横向联系模型hybrid structure ['haɪbrɪd] ['strʌktʃɚ] 混合结构high-velocity environments [haɪ] [və'lɑsəti] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənts] 高速环境human resources['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]人力资源I 23impoverished management [ɪm'pɑvərɪʃt] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 放任式管理 I income statement ['ɪnkʌm] ['stetmənt] 损益表information transformation ['ɪnfɚ'meʃən] [,trænsfɚ'meʃən] 信息转换infrastructure ['ɪnfrə'strʌktʃɚ] 基础设施integrative process ['ɪntɪɡretiv] ['prɑsɛs] 整合过程intelligent enterprises [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒənt] ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]智能企业；智慧型企业internal audit [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 内部审计internal stakeholder [ɪn'tɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 内部相关者internship ['ɪntɝnʃɪp]实习intrapreneurship [,ɪntrəprɛ'nɝʃɪp]内部企业家精神intrinsic reward [ɪn'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrd]内在报酬; 内在奖励inventory ['ɪnvəntɔri] 库存, 存货internal integration [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 内部整合interorganization relationship [,ɪntɚ'ɔrɡənə'zeʃən l [rɪ'leʃən'ʃɪp] 组织间的关系intergroup conflict ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] ['kɑnflɪkt] 团体间冲突intergroup dynamics ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] [daɪ'næmɪks] 组间动力interlocking directorate [,intə'lɔkiŋ] [də'rɛktərət] 交叉董事会institutional perspective [,ɪnstɪ'tuʃənl] [pɚ'spɛktɪv] 制度视角;机构的观点intuitive decision making [ɪn'tuɪtɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]直觉决策idea champion [aɪ'diə] ['tʃæmpɪən] 构思倡导者incremental change [ɪnkrə'məntl] [tʃendʒ] 渐进式变革; 递增量informal organizational structure [ɪn'fɔrml] [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['strʌkt ʃɚ]非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal [ɪn'fɔrml] [pɚ'fɔrməns] [ə'prezl]非正式业绩评价J 6job description [dʒɒb] [dɪ'skrɪpʃən]工作说明；职务描述job design[dʒɒb] [dɪ'zaɪn] 工作设计，职务设计job enlargement [dʒɒb] [ɪn'lɑrdʒmənt] 职务扩大化job enrichment [dʒɒb] [ɪn'rɪtʃmənt] 职务丰富化job rotation [dʒɒb] [ro'teʃən] 职务轮换job specialization [dʒɒb] [,spɛʃəlɪ'zeʃən]职务专业化K 2key performance areas [kiː] [pɚ'fɔrməns] ['ɛrɪəz]关键业务区key result areas [kiː] [rɪ'zʌlt] ['ɛrɪəz]关键绩效区L 18labor productivity index ['lebɚ] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] ['ɪndɛks] 劳动生产力指数laissez management [lei'sei'] ['mænɪdʒmənt]自由化管理large batch production [lɑrdʒ] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən]大批量生产lateral communication ['lætərəl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 横向沟通leadership decision ['lidɚʃɪp] [dɪ'sɪʒn]领导决策leadership style ['lidɚʃɪp] [staɪl] 领导风格leadership in teams ['lidɚʃɪp] [ɪn] [timz]团队管理；团队领导力leading a turnaround['lidɪŋ] ['tɝnəraʊnd] 领导转变；管理转变least preferred co-worker(LPC) [list] [prɪ'fɝd] [,kəu'wə:kə] 最不喜欢的同事legitimate power [lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət] ['paʊɚ]合法权力liability ['laɪə'bɪləti] 债务；负债liaison [lɪ'ezɑn] 联络者line authority [laɪn] [ə'θɔrəti] 直线职权liquidity [lɪ'kwɪdəti] 流动性liaison role [lɪ'ezɑn] [rol] 联络员角色long-linked technology [lɔŋ] ['lɪŋkt] technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict [lɔsiz] [frɒm] ['kɑnflɪkt]冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership [ləʊ] [kɔst] ['lidɚʃɪp] 低成本领先M 21management by objective ['mænidʒmənt] [baɪ] [əb'dʒɛktɪv]目标管理Managerial Grid [,mænə'dʒɪrɪəl] [ɡrɪd] 管理方格matrix bosses ['metrɪks] [bɔsiz] 矩阵主管management champion ['mænɪdʒmənt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) [mə'tiəriəlz] [ri'kwaiəmənts] ['plænɪŋ]物料需求计划Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ['mæzləu] ['haɪərɑrki] [əv] [nid] 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ] ['ɑrɡjumənt] 管理文化多元化营销观market segmentation['mɑrkɪt][,sɛɡmɛn'teʃən]市场划分；市场细分multiculturalism [,mʌltɪ'kʌltʃərəlɪzm] 文化多元主义multi-divisional firm ['mʌlti] [də'vɪʒənl] [fɝm] 多部门公司moral rules ['mɔrəl] [rulz]道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) ['mænɪdʒmənt] [baɪ] ['wɔkɪŋ] [ə'raʊnd]走动式管理matrix structure ['metrɪks] ['strʌktʃɚ]矩阵结构multinational enterprise(MNE) [,mʌltɪ'næʃnəl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]跨国公司moral relativism ['mɔrəl] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 道德相对主义mechanistic system [,mɛkə'nɪstɪk] ['sɪstəm] 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management ['mɪdl] [əv] [ðə] [rod] ['mænɪdʒmənt]中庸式管理meso theory ['mɛso] ['θiəri] 常态理论multi-domestic strategy ['mʌlti] [də'mɛstɪk] ['strætədʒi] 多国化战略mediating technology ['miːdɪeɪtɪŋ] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 调停技术motivation[,motə'veʃən] 动机；积极性；推动N 9naïve relativism [naɪ'iv] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 朴素相对主义need-achievement [nid] [ə'tʃivmənt] 成就需要net asset [nɛt] ['æsɛt]净资产norming ['nɔ:miŋ] 规范化norms [nɔ:ms] 规范non-programmed decisions [nɑn 'proɡrəmd] [dɪ'sɪʒnz]非程序化决策non-substitutability [nɑn,səbstə,tjutə'biləti]非替代性non-routine technology [nɑn rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 非例行技术niche [nitʃ] 领地; 壁龛；合适的职业;小众O 14off-the-job training ['ɔfðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 脱产培训on-the-job training ['ɑnðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 在职培训operation[,ɑpə'reʃən]运营operational budget ['ɑpə'reʃənl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 运营预算order backlog ['ɔrdɚ] ['bæklɔɡ] 订单储备organic system [ɔr'gænɪk] ['sɪstəm] 有机系统organizational development(OD) [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] [dɪ'vɛləpmənt]组织发展organizational hierarchies [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 组织层级；组织架构organizing for innovation['ɔrgə,naɪz ɪŋ] [fɔː] [,ɪnə'veʃən]组织创新orientation [orɪɛn'teʃən] 定位outcome interdependence ['aʊt'kʌm] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]结果的相互依赖性outplacement services ['aʊtplesmənt] ['sə:visis] 外延服务overconfidence['ovɚ'kɑnfɪdəns] 过分相信；自负organization ecosystem [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃən] ['ɛko,sɪstəm] 组织生态系统P 27paradox of authority ['pærədɑks] [əv] [ə'θɔrəti]权威的矛盾paradox of creativity ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,krie'tɪvəti] 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure ['pærədɑks] [əv] [dɪs'kloʒɚ] 开放的矛盾paradox of identify ['pærədɑks] [əv], [aɪ'dɛntɪfaɪ] 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,ɪndɪ,vɪdʒu'æləti] 个性的矛盾paradox of regression ['pærədɑks] [əv] [rɪ'ɡrɛʃən] 回归的矛盾partial productivity ['pɑrʃəl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 部分生产率participative management [pɑ:'tisipə,tiv] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 参与式管理path-goal model [pæθ] [ɡol] ['mɑdl] 路径目标模型peer recruiter [pɪr] [rɪ'krʊtɚ] 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) [pə'lɪtɪkl] ['ækʃən] [kə'mitiz]政治活动委员会polycentric manager [pɑlɪ'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ]多中心管理者portfolio framework [pɔrt'folɪo] ['fremwɝk] 业务组合框架portfolio investment [pɔrt'folɪo] [ɪn'vɛstmənt] 资产组合投资positive reinforcement ['pɑzətɪv] [,riɪn'fɔrsmənt] 正强化production flexibility [prə'dʌkʃən] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 生产柔性profitability [,prɑfɪtə'bɪləti] 收益率; 赢利能力；利益率programmed decisions ['proɡr æ md] [dɪ'sɪʒən]程序化决策psychoanalytic view ['saɪko,ænl'ɪtɪk] [vju]精神分析法paradigm ['pærə'daɪm] 范式; 典范personal ratios ['pɝsənl] ['reʃoz]人员比例pooled dependence [puld] [dɪ'pɛndəns]集合性依存professional bureaucracy [prə'feʃənəl] [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]专业官僚机构problem identification ['prɑbləm] [aɪ'dɛntəfə'keʃən]问题识别problemistic search ['prɔbləmistik] [sɝtʃ]问题搜寻population ecology model [,pɔpju'leiʃən] [ɪ'kɑlədʒi] ['mɑdl]种群生态模型public financing['pʌblɪk] [fɪ'nænsɪŋ]公共融资Q 4quality ['kwɑləti]质量quality circle ['kwɑləti] ['sɝkl] 质量圈question mark ['kwɛstʃən] [mɑːk] 问题类市场quid pro quo ['kwidprəu'kwəu] 交换物; 补偿物；相等物；交换条件；让步条件R 11rational approach ['ræʃnəl] [ə'protʃ] 理性方法rational model ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] 理性模型rational-legal authority ['ræʃnəl] ['ligl] [ə'θɔrəti]理性—合法权威rational model of decision making ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] [əv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mek ɪŋ]理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) [,riə'lɪstɪk] [dʒɒb] ['pri'vjʊ]实际工作预览; 述评;reciprocal interdependence [rɪ'sɪprəkl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns] 相互依存性resource dependence ['risɔrs] [dɪ'pɛndəns] 资源依赖理论retention [rɪ'tɛnʃən] 保留reward system[rɪ'wɔrd] ['sɪstəm]薪酬体系routine technology [rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 例行技术rules [rulz] 规则；条例S 39semivariable cost [,sɛmaɪ'vɛərɪəbl] [kɔst] 准可变成本sense of potency [sɛns] [əv] ['potnsi]力量感sensitivity training ['sɛnsə'tɪvəti] ['trenɪŋ]敏感性训练sexual harassment ['sɛʃʊəl] [hə'ræsmənt] 性骚扰short-run capacity changes ['ʃɔ:t'rʌn] [kə'pæsəti] [tʃendʒ] 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain ['sɪŋɡl] [strænd] [tʃen] 单向传言链situational approach [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [ə'protʃ] 情境方法situational force [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [fɔrs] 情境力量; 情境压力situational leadership theory [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] ['lidɚʃɪp] ['θiəri] 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget ['slaɪdɪŋ] [skel] ['bʌdʒɪt] 移动规模预算small-batch production [smɔl] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən] 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches ['soʃiə 'tɛknɪkl] [ə'protʃiz]社会科技方法span of management [spæn] [əv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]管理幅度staff authority [stæf] [ə'θɔrəti] 参谋职权; 辅助权限standing plan ['stændɪŋ] [plæn]长设计划step budget [stɛp] ['bʌdʒɪt] 分步预算stewardship principle ['stuɚdʃɪp] ['prɪnsəpl] 管家原则stimulus ['stɪmjələs] 刺激storming ['stɔrmɪŋ] 激荡期;调整阶段strategic acquisitions[strə'tidʒɪk] [,ækwɪ'zɪʃən]战略并购strategic human resources[strə'tidʒɪk] ['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]战略人力资源strategic maketing [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ]战略市场营销strategic management [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 战略管理strategic partnering [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚɪŋ]战略伙伴关系strategy formulation ['strætədʒi] [,fɔrmjə'leʃən] 战略制定strategy implementation ['strætədʒi] [,ɪmpləmɛn'teʃən] 战略实施strategic control [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'trol] 战略控制strategic contingencies [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'tɪndʒənsiz] 战略权变satisficing ['sætisfaisiŋ] 满意；满意法；满意度subsystems [sʌb 'sɪstəmz]子系统subunits [sʌb'junɪt] 子单位synergy ['sɪnɚdʒi]协同system boundary ['sɪstəm] ['baʊndri]系统边界structure dimension ['strʌktʃɚ] [daɪ'mɛnʃən] 结构性维度sequential interdependence [sɪ'kwɛnʃl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]序列性依存; 相互依存self-directed team[,self di'rektid] [tim]自我管理型团队specialist ['spɛʃəlɪst] 专家；专门战略strategy and structure changes ['strætədʒi] [ənd] ['strʌktʃɚ] [tʃendʒz]战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency ['sɪmptəm] [əv] ['strʌktʃərəl] [dɪ'f ɪʃənsi]结构无效的特征T 17tall hierarchies [tɔl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 高长型科层结构task force or project team [tæsk] [fɔrs] [əv] ['prɒdʒekt] [tim] 任务小组或项目团队task independence [tæsk] [,ɪndɪ'pɛndəns]任务的内部依赖性task management [tæsk]['mænɪdʒmənt] 任务型管理task-oriented style [tæsk] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 任务导向型管理风格team process [tim] ['prɑsɛs] 团队进程；团队合作total productivity ['totl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 总生产率total quality management ['totl] ['kwɑləti] ['mænɪdʒmənt]全面质量管理trade agreement [treid] [ə'grimənt] 贸易协定；雇用合同；劳资协议training positions ['trenɪŋ] [pə'zɪʃənz]挂职培训training program ['trenɪŋ] ['proɡræm]培训程序transactional leaders [trænz'ækʃənl] ['lidɚz]交易型领导transformational leaders [,trænzfə'meʃənəl] ['lidɚz]变革型领导treatment discrimination ['tritmənt] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən] 歧视待遇two-factory theory [tu] ['fæktri]['θiəri] 双因素理论two-boss employees [tu] [bɔs] [,ɛmplɔɪ'iz]双重主管员工technical or product champion ['tɛknɪkl] [ɔr] ['prɑdʌkt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 技术或产品的倡导者U 2unfreezing [ʌn'friz] 解冻unit production ['junɪt] [prə'dʌkʃən]单位产品V 11variation [,vɛrɪ'eʃən]变化；[生物] 变异，变种variety [və'raɪəti]变量valence ['veləns] 效价variable costs ['vɛrɪəbl] [kɔsts] 可变成本vertical communication ['vɝtɪkl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 纵向沟通vertical integration ['vɝtɪkl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 纵向一体化vestibule training ['vɛstɪbjul] ['trenɪŋ] 仿真培训volume flexibility ['vɑljum] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage ['vɝtɪkl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ]纵向连接venture team ['vɛntʃɚ] [tim] 风险团队value based leadership ['vælju] [best] ['lidɚʃɪp] 基于价值的领导W 7win-lose situation [wɪn] [luz] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 输赢情境win-win situation ['wɪn'wɪn] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 双赢情境workforce literacy ['wɝkfɔrs] ['lɪtərəsi]员工的读写能力work in progress [wɝk] [ɪn] ['prɑɡrɛs]在制品work flow redesign [wɝk] [flo] [,ridɪ'zaɪn] 工作流程再造成work flow automation [wɝk] [flo] [,ɔtə'meʃən]工作流程自动化whistle blowing ['wɪsl] ['bloɪŋ]揭发;举报Z 2zero-sum ['ziro'sʌm]零和；零和博弈zone of indifference(area of acceptance) [zon] [əv] [ɪn'dɪfrəns]（['ɛr ɪə] [əv] [ək'sɛptəns]）无差异区域(可接受区域)。
管理人员必备的英语词汇
管理人员必被备的英语词汇目标mission/ objective集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory（2）经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social-technical systems approach 决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor-hours lost销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure(3)领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支账户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine-hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques 控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll（4）策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy战术tactics(5)追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic(6)激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self-actualization 尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward(7)特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability 智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership 参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement-oriented leadership。
管理人员必备的英语词汇
管理人员必被备的英语词汇目标ｍissｉon/ obｊecｔive ﻫ集体目标ｇroup objecｔive ﻫ内部环境internal eｎvironment外部环境exｔｅrnal envｉｒonｍeｎt计划plａnning ﻫ组织organizｉｎg人事sｔaffing ﻫ领导leaｄiｎg控制cｏｎtｒollinｇ步骤pｒocessﻫ原理ｐrinciplｅﻫ方法tｅcｈｎiqｕｅ经理ｍanaｇer ﻫ总经理ｇｅneral manager ﻫ行政人员ａdministrator主管人员sｕpervisor ﻫ企业enterpｒiｓe商业business产业iｎｄｕstry公司companｙﻫ效果effectiｖenｅss ﻫ效率effｉcｉeｎｃｙ企业家entrｅprｅｎeur权利ｐoweｒ职权autｈority职责respoｎsibiｌｉty ﻫ科学管理ｓcｉenｔifｉｃｍanagement ﻫ现代经营管理modern opｅrational mａnaｇement行为科学beｈavior scｉence生产率ｐｒoductivｉty激励ｍotｉｖate ﻫ动机moｔive ﻫ法律law法规reｇulａtｉon经济体系ecoｎomic ｓyｓteｍ管理职能manaｇerial fｕnctioｎ产品pｒoducｔ服务sｅrｖｉｃｅ利润pｒｏｆit满意satｉsfactｉｏｎﻫ归属ａffilｉation尊敬estｅem自我实现ｓelｆ-actｕalization ﻫ人力投入hｕmａn input盈余surpluｓ收入ｉncｏme成本cosｔﻫ资本货物capｉtaｌgoods ﻫ机器machiｎｅry ﻫ设备eｑuｉpmｅｎｔ建筑buildｉng ﻫ存货invｅnｔoｒyﻫ（2) ﻫ经验法the ｅｍpiricaｌapｐｒｏach ﻫ人际行为法the intｅｒpｅrｓonal behaviｏr ａpprｏachﻫ集体行为法theｇroup behaｖiｏr apｐｒｏach协作社会系统法ｔheｃoopeｒaｔive ｓoｃiaｌsystems appｒｏach社会技术系统法thｅsoｃial-tｅchnicaｌsysteｍs appｒｏaｃh决策理论法thｅｄecisｉoｎtheorｙａｐｐｒｏａch数学法ｔhｅmａthematicaｌaｐｐｒｏａｃｈ系统法the systems aｐｐrｏach随机制宜法tｈｅcｏｎtingｅncy ａpprｏach管理任务法thｅmanａｇerial roles aｐpｒｏaｃｈ经营法the ｏperatｉｏnal aｐproａchﻫ人际关系ｈuman ｒelatｉoｎ心理学pｓycholｏgｙﻫ态度ａｔtiｔudｅﻫ压力ｐrｅssuｒe ﻫ冲突ｃｏnflict招聘rｅｃruiｔ鉴定apｐraｉsａl ﻫ选拔ｓeleｃt培训trａｉn报酬cｏmpensation授权dｅｌeｇaｔｉon of auｔｈoｒity协调coordiｎaｔｅﻫ业绩ｐｅrformａnceﻫ考绩制度meｒit sｙsteｍ表现bｅhavior ﻫ下级suｂordinate偏差dｅviatｉoｎﻫ检验记录inspeｃｔｉon rｅcorｄﻫ误工记录rｅｃｏrd of labｏr-hoｕrs lost ﻫ销售量sales voｌume ﻫ产品质量quａｌiｔｙof producｔs先进技术advａnceｄtｅchｎoloｇy ﻫ顾客服务cuｓtomer sｅrｖｉce策略stｒateｇｙ结构structｕre(3）ﻫ领先性primacy ﻫ普遍性peｒvasiｖenｅsｓﻫ忧虑ｆear忿恨reｓｅｎtｍｅnt ﻫ士气morale ﻫ解雇ｌaｙoff ﻫ批发wholesaｌｅ零售rｅtail ﻫ程序proｃedure ﻫ规则ｒule ﻫ规划ｐｒｏgraｍ预算budgeｔﻫ共同作用sｙnｅrgy大型联合企业ｃoｎglomeｒatｅﻫ资源rｅsouｒce ﻫ购买acqｕiｓitiｏn ﻫ增长目标gｒｏｗｔh gｏal专利产品proｐriｅtary product竞争对手rival ﻫ晋升pｒoｍotｉoｎ管理决策managｅriaｌdｅｃｉsiｏnﻫ商业道德busineｓs ethicｓﻫ有竞争力的价格ｃｏmｐeｔi ｔiｖe pｒicｅ供货商supplier ﻫ小贩venｄor利益冲突cｏnflicｔof ｉntereｓts派生政策dｅｒｉvatｉve polｉcｙﻫ开支账户expｅｎse accｏunt批准程序apｐrｏval proｃeduｒe病假sｉck leavｅﻫ休假vａcaｔion ﻫ工时labｏr-hour机时mａchiｎｅ-hour ﻫ资本支出ｃapｉtａl ouｔlaｙ现金流量cash ｆlｏw ﻫ工资率wａｇｅｒａｔｅ税收率tax ratｅﻫ股息dｉｖｉdend现金状况caｓh posｉtiｏn资金短缺cａpital sｈｏrtage总预算oｖeｒalｌｂuｄgｅt资产负债表baｌaｎce ｓheet ﻫ可行性ｆeａsiｂility ﻫ投入原则the ｃommｉtmenｔpriｎcipｌｅﻫ投资回报ｒeturn on inveｓｔmeｎt生产能力cａpaｃｉｔy to prodｕce ﻫ实际工作者practｉｔioｎeｒﻫ最终结果end rｅsuｌt业绩perｆormａnce ﻫ个人利益perｓｏnａｌｉnteｒesｔﻫ福利weｌｆare市场占有率marｋet share创新ｉnnｏvaｔion ﻫ生产率ｐroductiviｔy利润率ｐrofitabｉlityﻫ社会责任puｂliｃresｐonsｉbiｌity ﻫ董事会boarｄｏｆdirectoｒﻫ组织规模sｉze of the orgaｎｉzａtion ﻫ组织文化orｇanizationaｌculture目标管理mａnaｇement by objeｃｔives评价工具aｐｐraisａｌｔooｌﻫ激励方法moｔｉvatioｎａl teｃｈnｉｑues控制手段conｔrol deｖiｃe ﻫ个人价值pｅrｓonａl worth优势streｎgth弱点ｗｅakness机会opｐortuｎiｔy威胁ｔｈｒｅａt ﻫ个人责任personal responｓibilｉty顾问counseｌor定量目标quａntiｔative objecｔiveﻫ定性目标qｕaｌitatｉve objective ﻫ可考核目标vｅｒｉfiablｅobｊectiｖｅ优先prｉoｒitｙ工资表pａｙrollﻫ(４) ﻫ策略strategy ﻫ政策polｉcy ﻫ灵活性discreｔiｏn多种经营ｄiversificａｔioｎ评估aｓsｅｓsmeｎt一致性consistenｃｙ应变策略coｎsistｅncｙstratｅｇｙ公共关系pｕblｉc ｒelａtｉoｎ价值vaｌue ﻫ抱负aspiratiｏｎ偏见prejｕｄｉce ﻫ审查revieｗ批准approｖａｌﻫ主要决定majｏr decｉsionﻫ分公司总经理divｉｓｉon gｅneral maｎａger ﻫ资产组合距阵portｆolｉｏmａtｒix ﻫ明星sｔａｒﻫ问号questioｎmark现金牛caｓh ｃow赖狗ｄoｇﻫ采购procuｒeｍeｎｔ人口因素ｄｅmographic factor ﻫ地理因素geogrａphiｃfａctor ﻫ公司形象company imagｅﻫ产品系列prodｕct liｎe合资企业ｊoinｔvｅnｔuｒe ﻫ破产政策liquidａtｉon strａteｇy紧缩政策reｔrenchmｅｎt stｒatｅgy ﻫ战术tactiｃｓ（5）ﻫ追随fｏlｌｏwｅrｓhｉp个性inｄiviｄｕａliｔy ﻫ性格perｓｏnaｌity安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessiｍiｓtic静止的sｔａtic乐观的optimistｉc动态的ｄynamic灵活的flexｉble抵制resistancｅ敌对ａntaｇｏｎisｍﻫ折中ecleｃtｉc ﻫ（6)激励ｍｏｔivaｔｉon潜意识subcoｎscious地位staｔus ﻫ情感ａffecｔion ﻫ欲望desire压力ｐｒｅssurｅﻫ满足satｉsfactiｏn ﻫ自我实现的需要nｅedｓｆoｒself-ａctuａlization尊敬的需要esteeｍneｅds归属的需要aｆfiliａtｉoｎneeds安全的需要securiｔｙｎeedｓﻫ生理的需要pｈyｓiolｏgicａl needｓﻫ维持ｍａinteｎanｃe保健hｙgieｎe激励因素motivatorﻫ概率ｐｒｏｂaｂilｉty ﻫ强化理论rｅinｆorceｍeｎt theory反馈feｅdback奖金bonｕｓ股票期权ｓｔock oｐtioｎ劳资纠纷lａboｒｄispuｔe ﻫ缺勤率ａbsenteｅisｍ人员流动turnovｅr奖励reｗarｄﻫ(7)ﻫ特许经营fｒaｎcｈｉsｅ热诚zeal信心cｏnfideｎce鼓舞inｓpire要素iｎgｒeｄｉentﻫ忠诚loyalｔy奉献ｄeｖｏｔion作风ｓｔyle品质traｉｔﻫ适应性adａptabiｌiｔy ﻫ进取性aggressivenesｓ热情enthusｉasｍﻫ毅力pｅrsｉstence人际交往能力iｎtｅｒpｅrsｏnａl skilｌs行政管理能力ａdｍｉnisｔｒatｉvｅabiliｔyﻫ智力iｎtｅlｌigｅnｃｅ专制式领导ａｕtoｃｒatic ｌeader民主式领导deｍocraｔic ｌｅader自由放任式领导freｅ-reｉｎｌeaｄer ﻫ管理方格图the maｎageｒiａｌｇridﻫ工作效率work e ｆficieｎｃy服从obeｄiencｅﻫ领导行为leader behavior ﻫ支持型领导ｓupportｉve leadershｉp参与型领导paｒｔｉcipａtiｖe leadeｒship指导型领导insｔrumentaｌlｅaderｓhip ﻫ成就取向型领导achiｅvement-orieｎtｅd ｌeaｄershiｐ。
管理学英语词汇
管理学英语词汇（1）目标mission/ objective集体目标group objective内部环境internal environment外部环境external environment计划planning组织organizing人事staffing领导leading控制controlling步骤process原理principle方法technique经理manager总经理general manager行政人员administrator主管人员supervisor企业enterprise商业business产业industry公司company效果effectiveness效率efficiency企业家entrepreneur权利power职权authority职责responsibility科学管理scientific management 现代经营管理modern operational management行为科学behavior science生产率productivity 激励motivate动机motive法律law法规regulation经济体系economic system管理职能managerial function产品product管理学必备英语词汇服务service利润profit满意satisfaction归属affiliation尊敬esteem自我实现self-actualization人力投入human input盈余surplus收入income成本cost资本货物capital goods机器machinery设备equipment建筑building存货inventory（2）经验法the empirical approach人际行为法the interpersonal behavior approach集体行为法the group behavior approach 协作社会系统法the cooperative social systems approach社会技术系统法the social—technical systems approach决策理论法the decision theory approach数学法the mathematical approach系统法the systems approach随机制宜法the contingency approach 管理任务法the managerial roles approach经营法the operational approach人际关系human relation心理学psychology态度attitude压力pressure冲突conflict招聘recruit鉴定appraisal选拔select培训train报酬compensation授权delegation of authority协调coordinate业绩performance考绩制度merit system管理学必备英语词汇表现behavior下级subordinate偏差deviation检验记录inspection record误工记录record of labor—hours lost 销售量sales volume产品质量quality of products先进技术advanced technology顾客服务customer service策略strategy结构structure（3）领先性primacy普遍性pervasiveness忧虑fear忿恨resentment士气morale解雇layoff批发wholesale零售retail程序procedure规则rule规划program预算budget共同作用synergy大型联合企业conglomerate资源resource购买acquisition增长目标growth goal专利产品proprietary product竞争对手rival晋升promotion管理决策managerial decision商业道德business ethics有竞争力的价格competitive price 供货商supplier小贩vendor利益冲突conflict of interests派生政策derivative policy开支帐户expense account批准程序approval procedure病假sick leave休假vacation工时labor-hour机时machine—hour资本支出capital outlay现金流量cash flow工资率wage rate税收率tax rate股息dividend现金状况cash position资金短缺capital shortage总预算overall budget资产负债表balance sheet可行性feasibility投入原则the commitment principle 投资回报return on investment生产能力capacity to produce实际工作者practitioner最终结果end result业绩performance个人利益personal interest福利welfare市场占有率market share创新innovation生产率productivity利润率profitability社会责任public responsibility董事会board of director组织规模size of the organization组织文化organizational culture目标管理management by objectives 评价工具appraisal tool激励方法motivational techniques控制手段control device个人价值personal worth优势strength弱点weakness机会opportunity威胁threat 个人责任personal responsibility顾问counselor定量目标quantitative objective定性目标qualitative objective可考核目标verifiable objective优先priority工资表payroll(4）策略strategy政策policy灵活性discretion多种经营diversification评估assessment一致性consistency应变策略consistency strategy公共关系public relation价值value抱负aspiration偏见prejudice审查review批准approval主要决定major decision分公司总经理division general manager 资产组合距阵portfolio matrix明星star问号question mark现金牛cash cow赖狗dog采购procurement人口因素demographic factor地理因素geographic factor公司形象company image产品系列product line合资企业joint venture破产政策liquidation strategy紧缩政策retrenchment strategy 战术tactics（5）追随followership个性individuality性格personality安全safety自主权latitude悲观的pessimistic静止的static乐观的optimistic动态的dynamic灵活的flexible抵制resistance敌对antagonism折中eclectic（6）激励motivation潜意识subconscious地位status情感affection欲望desire压力pressure满足satisfaction自我实现的需要needs for self—actualization尊敬的需要esteem needs归属的需要affiliation needs安全的需要security needs生理的需要physiological needs 维持maintenance保健hygiene激励因素motivator概率probability强化理论reinforcement theory反馈feedback奖金bonus股票期权stock option劳资纠纷labor dispute缺勤率absenteeism人员流动turnover奖励reward(7）特许经营franchise热诚zeal信心confidence鼓舞inspire要素ingredient忠诚loyalty奉献devotion作风style品质trait适应性adaptability进取性aggressiveness热情enthusiasm毅力persistence人际交往能力interpersonal skills 行政管理能力administrative ability 智力intelligence专制式领导autocratic leader民主式领导democratic leader自由放任式领导free-rein leader管理方格图the managerial grid工作效率work efficiency服从obedience领导行为leader behavior支持型领导supportive leadership参与型领导participative leadership指导型领导instrumental leadership成就取向型领导achievement—oriented leadership汉语新难词英译保险业the insurance industry保证重点指出ensure funding for priority areas补发拖欠的养老金clear up pension payments in arrears不良贷款non-performing loan层层转包和违法分包multi—level contracting and illegal subcontracting城乡信用社credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents城镇职工医疗保障制度the system of medical insurance for urban workers出口信贷export credit贷款质量loan quality贷款质量五级分类办法the five—category assets classification for bank loans防范和化解金融风险take precautions against and reduce financial risks防洪工程flood—prevention project非法外汇交易illegal foreign exchange transaction 非贸易收汇foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions费改税transform administrative fees into taxes跟踪审计follow—up auditing工程监理制度the monitoring system for projects国有资产安全the safety of state-owned assets过度开垦excess reclamation合同管理制度the contract system for governing projects积极的财政政策pro—active fiscal policy 基本生活费basic allowance解除劳动关系sever labor relation金融监管责任制the responsibility system for financial supervision经济安全economic security靠扩大财政赤字搞建设to increase the deficit to spend more on development扩大国内需求the expansion of domestic demand拉动经济增长fuel economic growth粮食仓库grain depot粮食收购企业grain collection and storage enterprise粮食收购资金实行封闭运行closed operation of grain purchase funds粮食销售市场grain sales market劣质工程shoddy engineering乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges，fund—raising，quotas and fines骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency under false pretenses，not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage融资渠道financing channels商业信贷原则the principles for commercial credit社会保险机构social security institution失业保险金unemployment insurance benefits偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes外汇收支foreign exchange revenue and spending安居工程housing project for low—income urban residents信息化information—based；informationization智力密集型concentration of brain power；Knowledge—intensive外资企业overseas—funded enterprises下岗职工laid-off workers分流reposition of redundant personnel 三角债chain debts素质教育education for all-round development豆腐渣工程jerry-built projects社会治安情况law—and—order situation 民族国家nation state“＊*” "independence of Taiwan"台湾当局Taiwan authorities台湾同胞Taiwan compatriots台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。
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管理学常用词汇A 11access discrimination ['æksɛs] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən]进入歧视action research ['ækʃən] ['risɝtʃ] 动作研究；行为研究adjourning [ə'dʒɝnɪŋ] 解散期；解散阶段；中止阶段adhocracy [æd'hɔkrəsi] 无固定结构的管理方式或组织；临时委员会组织；administrative principle [əd'mɪnɪstretɪv] ['prɪnsəpl] 管理原则advanced negotiation[əd'vænst] [nɪ,ɡoʃɪ'eʃən]高级谈判alignment[ə'laɪnmənt] 结盟artifacts ['a:rtifækts]人工环境artificial intelligence [,ɑrtɪ'fɪʃl] [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒəns] 人工智能、巧匠avoiding learning [ə'vɔɪdɪŋ] ['lɜːnɪŋ]规避性学习ambidextrous approach [,æmbɪ'dekstrəs] [ə'prɔtʃ]双管齐下策略B 9balance sheet ['bæləns] [ʃit]资产负债表bias['baɪəs] 偏见BCG matrix（ BCG:Boston Consulting Group['bɔstən] [kən'sʌltɪŋ] [gru ːp]） ['metrɪks] 波士顿矩阵，波士顿咨询集团矩阵bona fide occupation qualifications [,bəunə'faidi] [,ɑkju'peʃən] [,kw ɑləfə'keʃən] 善意职业资格审查bounded rationality ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti]有限理性bounded rationality perspective ['baʊndɪd] [,ræʃən'æləti] [pə'spekt ɪv]有限理性方法bureaucracy [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]官僚机构benchmarking ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ] 标杆管理；标记；确定基准点boundary-spanning roles ['baʊndri] ['spæniŋ] [rolz] 跨超边界作用C 42capturing value through pricing['kæptʃɚrɪŋ] ['vælju] [θru] ['praɪsɪŋ] 通过定价获取价值change agent [tʃendʒ] ['edʒənt] 变革推动者，促变者challenge ['tʃælɪndʒ]挑战chaos theory ['keɑs] ['θiəri] 混沌理论charismatic leaders [,kærɪz'mætɪk] ['lidɚz]魅力型领导者charity principle ['tʃærəti] ['prɪnsəpl] 博爱原则closing bell['klozɪŋ] [bɛl]收盘corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['soʃl] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]企业的社会责任competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争战略；竞争策略confrontation [,kɑnfrənfrʌn'teʃən] 对话, 对抗；面对；对质confrontation meeting [,kɑnfrən'teʃən] ['mitɪŋ] 碰头会consortia [kən'sɔ:tɪə] 企业联合、联盟、合作coercive power [kəʊ'ɜːsɪv] ['paʊə] 强制权，强制力cohesiveness [ko'hisɪvnɪs] 凝聚力collaborative management [kə'læbəretɪv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]合作型管理comparable worth ['kɑmpərəbl] [wɝθ] 可比价值；同值同酬competitive benchmarking [kəm'petɪtɪv] ['bentʃ,mɑ:kiŋ]竞争性基准competitive strategy[kəm'pɛtətɪv] ['strætədʒi]竞争策略constancy of purpose ['kɑnstənsi] [əv] ['pɜːpəs] 永久性目标contingency approach [kən'tɪndʒənsi] [ə'protʃ] 权变理论；权变方法；随机应变法corporate governance['kɔrpərət] ['gʌvɚnəns]企业管治corporate social performance ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [pə'fɔːm(ə)ns]企业社会绩效；公司社会表现corporate social responsibility ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ,spɑnsə'bɪləti]公司社会责任corporate social responsiveness ['kɔrpərət] ['səʊʃ(ə)l] [rɪ'spɑnsɪvnɪs]公司社会反应critical incident ['krɪtɪkl] ['ɪnsɪdənt] 危机事故；关键事件current assets ['kʌr(ə)nt] ['æset s] 流动资产current liabilities ['kʌr(ə)nt] [,laɪə'bɪləti]流动负债; 经常性贷款culture strength ['kʌltʃə] [streŋθ]文化强度; 文化力creative department [krɪ'etɪv] [dɪ'pɑrtmənt] 创造性部门creation of value[krɪ'eʃən] [əv] ['vælju]价值创造craft technology [kræft] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi]工艺技术、技艺性技术contextual dimension [kən'tɛkstʃuəl] [daɪ'mɛnʃən]关联性维度continuous process production [kən'tɪnjʊəs] ['prɑsɛs] [prə'dʌkʃən]连续加工生产collectivity stage [,kɑlɛk'tɪvəti] [stedʒ] 集体化阶段clan control [klæn] [kən'trol] 小团体控制clan culture [klæn] ['kʌltʃɚ] 小团体文化coalition [,koə'lɪʃən] 联合；结合，合并；联合团体collaborative [kə'læbəretɪv] 协作网络centrality [sɛn'træləti] 中心；中央；向心性；集中性centralization [,sɛntrəlɪ'zeʃən]集权化；中央集权管理charismatic authority [,kærɪz'mætɪk] [ə'θɔrəti] 魅力型权威、竭尽忠诚的权力customer insight['kʌstəmɚ] ['ɪn'saɪt]消费者洞察力；客户需求D 18decentralization [dɪ'sɛntrəlaɪ'zeʃən]分权；非集权化decision premise [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['premɪs]决策前提democracy management [də'mɑkrəsi] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 民主管理departmentalization [di:pɑ:t,mentəlai'zeiʃən]部门化; 部门划分designing effective organization[dɪ'zaɪnɪŋ] [ɪ'fɛktɪv] [,ɔrɡənə'zeʃən]设计有效的组织development structure[dɪ'vɛləpmənt] ['strʌktʃɚ]发展结构dialectical inquiry methods [,daɪə'lɛktɪkl] ['ɪŋkwaɪri] ['mɛθədz]辩证探求法differentiation strategy [,dɪfərenʃɪ'eɪʃn] ['strætədʒi] 差别化战略；差异化竞争战略differential rate system ['dɪfə'rɛnʃəl] [ret] ['sɪstəm] 差别报酬系统direct interlock [də'rɛkt] ['ɪntɚlɑk] 直接交叉divisional form [də'vɪʒənl] [fɔrm] 事业部模式division of labor [də'vɪʒən] [əv] ['lebɚ] 劳动(力)分工downward mobility ['daʊnwɚd] [mo'bɪləti] 降职流动、社会地位的下降dynamic engagement [daɪ'næmɪk] [ɪn'ɡedʒmənt]动态融合dynamic network [daɪ'næmɪk] ['nɛtwɝk] 动态网络domain [do'men] 领域；；域名；产业；地产dual-core approach ['dʊəl] [kɔr] [ə'protʃ] 二元核心模式dynamics of synergy[daɪ'næmɪks] [əv] ['sɪnɚdʒi]协力优势E 28effective decision making[ɪ'fɛktɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]有效决策制定effective leadership[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['lidɚʃɪp]有效领导effective conflict resolution[ɪ'fɛktɪv] ['kɑnflɪkt] [rezə'luːʃ(ə)n]高效冲突管理electronic data-processing(EDP) [ɪ,lɛk'trɑnɪk] ['detə] ['prɑsɛsɪŋ]]电子数据处理employee-oriented style [ɪm'plɔɪi] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 员工导向型风格empowerment [ɪm'paʊɚmənt] 许可，授权encoding [ɪn'kodɪŋ] 解码; 编码end-user computing ['end,ju:zə] [kəm'pjʊtɪŋ]终端用户计算系统enter ['ɛntɚ]进入；参加enterprise ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]企业entrepreneurship [,ɑntrəprə'nɝʃɪp] 企业家精神equity ['ɛkwəti]平等；相等equity theory ['ɛkwəti] ['θiəri] 公平理论espoused value [ɪ'spaʊzid] ['vælju]信仰价值ethics['eθɪks] 伦理学；伦理观；道德标准ethnocentric manager [,ɛθno'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 种族主义的管理者expectancy theory [ɪk'spɛktənsi] ['θiəri] 期望理论expense budget [ɪk'spɛns] ['bʌdʒɪt] 费用预算;支出预算expense center [ɪk'spɛns] ['sɛntɚ]费用中心external audit [ɪk'stɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 外部审计; 独立审计external stakeholders [ɪk'stɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 外部利益相关者extreme circumstances[ɪk'strim] ['sɝkəmstæns iz]极端情况extrinsic rewards [ɛks'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrdz] 外部奖励；外部报酬ethic ombudsperson ['ɛθɪk] [,ɔmbudz'pɝsn] 伦理巡视官external adaption [ɪk'stɝnl] [ə'dæpʃən] 外部适应性elaboration stage [ɪ,læbə'reʃən] [stedʒ] 精细阶段entrepreneurial stage [,ɑntrəprə'njʊrɪəl] [stedʒ] 创业阶段escalating commitment ['ɛskəletɪŋ] [kə'mɪtmənt] 顽固认同F 14family group ['fæməli] [gruːp] 家族集团;家族企业financing growth[fɪ'nænsɪŋ] [ɡroθ]财务增长financial management [faɪ'nænʃl] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 财务管理；金融管理financial statement [faɪ'nænʃl] ['stetmənt] 财务报表flat hierarchies [flæt] ['haɪə,rɑrkiz] 扁平型结构flexible budget ['flɛksəbl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 弹性预算force-field theory [fɔrs] [fild] ['θiəri] 场力理论formal authority ['fɔrml] [ə'θɔrəti] 正式授权;正式权限;合法权力formal systematic appraisal ['fɔrml] ['sɪstə'mætɪk] [ə'prezl] 正式的系统评估franchise ['fræntʃaɪz] 特许经营权formalization stage [,fɔməlɪ'zeʃən] [stedʒ] 规范化阶段functional grouping ['fʌŋkʃənl] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 职能组合formal channel of communication ['fɔrml] ['tʃænl] [əv] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 正式沟通渠道fundamentals [,fʌndə'mɛntl] 基本面；基本原理G 16game theory [geɪm] ['θiəri] 博弈论general financial condition ['dʒɛnrəl] [faɪ'nænʃl] [kən'dɪʃən] 一般财务状况geocentric manager [,dʒio'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ] 全球化管理者geographic and cultural boundaries[,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] [ənd] ['kʌltʃərəl] ['baʊndri]地理和文化界限global brand['ɡlobl] [brænd]全球品牌global enterprise['ɡlobl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]全球化企业global market ['ɡlobl] ['mɑrkɪt]全球市场；国际市场globalization [,ɡləubəlai'zeiʃən] 全球化gossip chain ['ɡɑsɪp] [tʃen] 传言链grapevine ['ɡrepvaɪn] 小道消息；秘密情报网;传言网global strategic partnership ['ɡlobl] [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚʃɪp] 全球战略伙伴关系general environment ['dʒɛnrəl] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənt] 一般环境；总体环境generalist ['dʒɛnrəlɪst] 通才；多面手;全面战略geographic grouping [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['ɡrupɪŋ] 区域组合global company ['ɡlobl] ['kʌmpəni] 跨国公司;全球公司global geographic structure ['ɡlobl] [,dʒiə'ɡræfɪk] ['strʌktʃɚ]全球区域结构H 11Hawthorne effect [hɔθən] [ɪ'fɛkt] 霍桑效应heuristic principles [hjʊ'rɪstɪk] ['prɪnsəpl] 启发性原理hierarchy ['haɪərɑrki] 科层制度high ambition[haɪ] [æm'bɪʃən]更高志向、雄心壮志high commitment[haɪ] [kə'mɪtmənt]高承诺high performance[haɪ] [pɚ'fɔrməns]高效能hiring specification ['haiəriŋ] ['spɛsəfə'keʃən] 招聘细则horizontal linkage model ['hɔrə'zɑntl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ] ['mɑdl] 横向联系模型hybrid structure ['haɪbrɪd] ['strʌktʃɚ] 混合结构high-velocity environments [haɪ] [və'lɑsəti] [ɪn'vaɪrənmənts] 高速环境human resources['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]人力资源I 23impoverished management [ɪm'pɑvərɪʃt] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 放任式管理 I income statement ['ɪnkʌm] ['stetmənt] 损益表information transformation ['ɪnfɚ'meʃən] [,trænsfɚ'meʃən] 信息转换infrastructure ['ɪnfrə'strʌktʃɚ] 基础设施integrative process ['ɪntɪɡretiv] ['prɑsɛs] 整合过程intelligent enterprises [ɪn'tɛlɪdʒənt] ['ɛntɚ,praɪz]智能企业；智慧型企业internal audit [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɔdɪt] 内部审计internal stakeholder [ɪn'tɝnl] ['stekholdɚ] 内部相关者internship ['ɪntɝnʃɪp]实习intrapreneurship [,ɪntrəprɛ'nɝʃɪp]内部企业家精神intrinsic reward [ɪn'trɪnsɪk] [rɪ'wɔrd]内在报酬; 内在奖励inventory ['ɪnvəntɔri] 库存, 存货internal integration [ɪn'tɝnl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 内部整合interorganization relationship [,ɪntɚ'ɔrɡənə'zeʃən l [rɪ'leʃən'ʃɪp] 组织间的关系intergroup conflict ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] ['kɑnflɪkt] 团体间冲突intergroup dynamics ['ɪntɚ'grʊp] [daɪ'næmɪks] 组间动力interlocking directorate [,intə'lɔkiŋ] [də'rɛktərət] 交叉董事会institutional perspective [,ɪnstɪ'tuʃənl] [pɚ'spɛktɪv] 制度视角;机构的观点intuitive decision making [ɪn'tuɪtɪv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mekɪŋ]直觉决策idea champion [aɪ'diə] ['tʃæmpɪən] 构思倡导者incremental change [ɪnkrə'məntl] [tʃendʒ] 渐进式变革; 递增量informal organizational structure [ɪn'fɔrml] [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['str ʌktʃɚ]非正式组织结构informal performance appraisal [ɪn'fɔrml] [pɚ'fɔrməns] [ə'prezl]非正式业绩评价J 6job description [dʒɒb] [dɪ'skrɪpʃən]工作说明；职务描述job design[dʒɒb] [dɪ'zaɪn] 工作设计，职务设计job enlargement [dʒɒb] [ɪn'lɑrdʒmənt] 职务扩大化job enrichment [dʒɒb] [ɪn'rɪtʃmənt] 职务丰富化job rotation [dʒɒb] [ro'teʃən] 职务轮换job specialization [dʒɒb] [,spɛʃəlɪ'zeʃən]职务专业化K 2key performance areas [kiː] [pɚ'fɔrməns] ['ɛrɪəz]关键业务区key result areas [kiː] [rɪ'zʌlt] ['ɛrɪəz]关键绩效区L 18labor productivity index ['lebɚ] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] ['ɪndɛks] 劳动生产力指数laissez management [lei'sei'] ['mænɪdʒmənt]自由化管理large batch production [lɑrdʒ] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən]大批量生产lateral communication ['lætərəl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 横向沟通leadership decision ['lidɚʃɪp] [dɪ'sɪʒn]领导决策leadership style ['lidɚʃɪp] [staɪl] 领导风格leadership in teams ['lidɚʃɪp] [ɪn] [timz]团队管理；团队领导力leading a turnaround['lidɪŋ] ['tɝnəraʊnd] 领导转变；管理转变least preferred co-worker(LPC) [list] [prɪ'fɝd] [,kəu'wə:kə] 最不喜欢的同事legitimate power [lɪ'dʒɪtɪmət] ['paʊɚ]合法权力liability ['laɪə'bɪləti] 债务；负债liaison [lɪ'ezɑn] 联络者line authority [laɪn] [ə'θɔrəti] 直线职权liquidity [lɪ'kwɪdəti] 流动性liaison role [lɪ'ezɑn] [rol] 联络员角色long-linked technology [lɔŋ] ['lɪŋkt] technology 纵向关联技术losses from conflict [lɔsiz] [frɒm] ['kɑnflɪkt]冲突带来的损失low-cost leadership [ləʊ] [kɔst] ['lidɚʃɪp] 低成本领先M 21management by objective ['mænidʒmənt] [baɪ] [əb'dʒɛktɪv]目标管理Managerial Grid [,mænə'dʒɪrɪəl] [ɡrɪd] 管理方格matrix bosses ['metrɪks] [bɔsiz] 矩阵主管management champion ['mænɪdʒmənt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 管理倡导者materials-requirements planning(MRP) [mə'tiəriəlz] [ri'kwaiəmənts] ['plænɪŋ]物料需求计划Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ['mæzləu] ['haɪərɑrki] [əv] [nid] 马斯洛需求层次论marketing argument ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ] ['ɑrɡjumənt] 管理文化多元化营销观market segmentation['mɑrkɪt][,sɛɡmɛn'teʃən]市场划分；市场细分multiculturalism [,mʌltɪ'kʌltʃərəlɪzm] 文化多元主义multi-divisional firm ['mʌlti] [də'vɪʒənl] [fɝm] 多部门公司moral rules ['mɔrəl] [rulz]道德准则management by walking around(MBWA) ['mænɪdʒmənt] [baɪ] ['wɔkɪŋ] [ə'raʊnd]走动式管理matrix structure ['metrɪks] ['strʌktʃɚ]矩阵结构multinational enterprise(MNE) [,mʌltɪ'næʃnəl] ['ɛntɚ'praɪz]跨国公司moral relativism ['mɔrəl] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 道德相对主义mechanistic system [,mɛkə'nɪstɪk] ['sɪstəm] 机械式组织middle-of-the-road management ['mɪdl] [əv] [ðə] [rod] ['mænɪdʒmənt]中庸式管理meso theory ['mɛso] ['θiəri] 常态理论multi-domestic strategy ['mʌlti] [də'mɛstɪk] ['strætədʒi] 多国化战略mediating technology ['miːdɪeɪtɪŋ] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 调停技术motivation[,motə'veʃən] 动机；积极性；推动N 9naïve relativism [naɪ'iv] ['rɛlətɪvɪzəm] 朴素相对主义need-achievement [nid] [ə'tʃivmənt] 成就需要net asset [nɛt] ['æsɛt]净资产norming ['nɔ:miŋ] 规范化norms [nɔ:ms] 规范non-programmed decisions [nɑn 'proɡrəmd] [dɪ'sɪʒnz]非程序化决策non-substitutability [nɑn,səbstə,tjutə'biləti]非替代性non-routine technology [nɑn rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 非例行技术niche [nitʃ] 领地; 壁龛；合适的职业;小众O 14off-the-job training ['ɔfðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 脱产培训on-the-job training ['ɑnðə'dʒɔb ] ['trenɪŋ ] 在职培训operation[,ɑpə'reʃən]运营operational budget ['ɑpə'reʃənl] ['bʌdʒɪt] 运营预算order backlog ['ɔrdɚ] ['bæklɔɡ] 订单储备organic system [ɔr'gænɪk] ['sɪstəm] 有机系统organizational development(OD) [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] [dɪ'vɛləpmənt]组织发展organizational hierarchies [,ɔɡənɪ'zeʃənəl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 组织层级；组织架构organizing for innovation['ɔrgə,naɪz ɪŋ] [fɔː] [,ɪnə'veʃən]组织创新orientation [orɪɛn'teʃən] 定位outcome interdependence ['aʊt'kʌm] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]结果的相互依赖性outplacement services ['aʊtplesmənt] ['sə:visis] 外延服务overconfidence['ovɚ'kɑnfɪdəns] 过分相信；自负organization ecosystem [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃən] ['ɛko,sɪstəm] 组织生态系统P 27paradox of authority ['pærədɑks] [əv] [ə'θɔrəti]权威的矛盾paradox of creativity ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,krie'tɪvəti] 创造力的矛盾paradox of disclosure ['pærədɑks] [əv] [dɪs'kloʒɚ] 开放的矛盾paradox of identify ['pærədɑks] [əv], [aɪ'dɛntɪfaɪ] 身份的矛盾paradox of individuality ['pærədɑks] [əv] [,ɪndɪ,vɪdʒu'æləti] 个性的矛盾paradox of regression ['pærədɑks] [əv] [rɪ'ɡrɛʃən] 回归的矛盾partial productivity ['pɑrʃəl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 部分生产率participative management [pɑ:'tisipə,tiv] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 参与式管理path-goal model [pæθ] [ɡol] ['mɑdl] 路径目标模型peer recruiter [pɪr] [rɪ'krʊtɚ] 同级招聘political action committees(PACs) [pə'lɪtɪkl] ['ækʃən] [kə'mitiz]政治活动委员会polycentric manager [pɑlɪ'sɛntrɪk] ['mænɪdʒɚ]多中心管理者portfolio framework [pɔrt'folɪo] ['fremwɝk] 业务组合框架portfolio investment [pɔrt'folɪo] [ɪn'vɛstmənt] 资产组合投资positive reinforcement ['pɑzətɪv] [,riɪn'fɔrsmənt] 正强化production flexibility [prə'dʌkʃən] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 生产柔性profitability [,prɑfɪtə'bɪləti] 收益率; 赢利能力；利益率programmed decisions ['proɡr æ md] [dɪ'sɪʒən]程序化决策psychoanalytic view ['saɪko,ænl'ɪtɪk] [vju]精神分析法paradigm ['pærə'daɪm] 范式; 典范personal ratios ['pɝsənl] ['reʃoz]人员比例pooled dependence [puld] [dɪ'pɛndəns]集合性依存professional bureaucracy [prə'feʃənəl] [bjʊ'rɑkrəsi]专业官僚机构problem identification ['prɑbləm] [aɪ'dɛntəfə'keʃən]问题识别problemistic search ['prɔbləmistik] [sɝtʃ]问题搜寻population ecology model [,pɔpju'leiʃən] [ɪ'kɑlədʒi] ['mɑdl]种群生态模型public financing['pʌblɪk] [fɪ'nænsɪŋ]公共融资Q 4quality ['kwɑləti]质量quality circle ['kwɑləti] ['sɝkl] 质量圈question mark ['kwɛstʃən] [mɑːk] 问题类市场quid pro quo ['kwidprəu'kwəu] 交换物; 补偿物；相等物；交换条件；让步条件R 11rational approach ['ræʃnəl] [ə'protʃ] 理性方法rational model ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] 理性模型rational-legal authority ['ræʃnəl] ['ligl] [ə'θɔrəti]理性—合法权威rational model of decision making ['ræʃnəl] ['mɑdl] [əv] [dɪ'sɪʒn] ['mek ɪŋ]理性决策模式realistic job preview(RJP) [,riə'lɪstɪk] [dʒɒb] ['pri'vjʊ]实际工作预览; 述评;reciprocal interdependence [rɪ'sɪprəkl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns] 相互依存性resource dependence ['risɔrs] [dɪ'pɛndəns] 资源依赖理论retention [rɪ'tɛnʃən] 保留reward system[rɪ'wɔrd] ['sɪstəm]薪酬体系routine technology [rʊ'tin] [tɛk'nɑlədʒi] 例行技术rules [rulz] 规则；条例S 39semivariable cost [,sɛmaɪ'vɛərɪəbl] [kɔst] 准可变成本sense of potency [sɛns] [əv] ['potnsi]力量感sensitivity training ['sɛnsə'tɪvəti] ['trenɪŋ]敏感性训练sexual harassment ['sɛʃʊəl] [hə'ræsmənt] 性骚扰short-run capacity changes ['ʃɔ:t'rʌn] [kə'pæsəti] [tʃendʒ] 短期生产能力变化single-strand chain ['sɪŋɡl] [strænd] [tʃen] 单向传言链situational approach [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [ə'protʃ] 情境方法situational force [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] [fɔrs] 情境力量; 情境压力situational leadership theory [sɪtʃʊ'eʃənəl] ['lidɚʃɪp] ['θiəri] 情境领导理论sliding-scale budget ['slaɪdɪŋ] [skel] ['bʌdʒɪt] 移动规模预算small-batch production [smɔl] [bætʃ] [prə'dʌkʃən] 小规模生产sociotechnical approaches ['soʃiə 'tɛknɪkl] [ə'protʃiz]社会科技方法span of management [spæn] [əv] ['mænɪdʒmənt]管理幅度staff authority [stæf] [ə'θɔrəti] 参谋职权; 辅助权限standing plan ['stændɪŋ] [plæn]长设计划step budget [stɛp] ['bʌdʒɪt] 分步预算stewardship principle ['stuɚdʃɪp] ['prɪnsəpl] 管家原则stimulus ['stɪmjələs] 刺激storming ['stɔrmɪŋ] 激荡期;调整阶段strategic acquisitions[strə'tidʒɪk] [,ækwɪ'zɪʃən]战略并购strategic human resources[strə'tidʒɪk] ['hjumən] [ri'zɔ:siz]战略人力资源strategic maketing [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mɑrkɪtɪŋ]战略市场营销strategic management [strə'tidʒɪk] ['mænɪdʒmənt] 战略管理strategic partnering [strə'tidʒɪk] ['pɑrtnɚɪŋ]战略伙伴关系strategy formulation ['strætədʒi] [,fɔrmjə'leʃən] 战略制定strategy implementation ['strætədʒi] [,ɪmpləmɛn'teʃən] 战略实施strategic control [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'trol] 战略控制strategic contingencies [strə'tidʒɪk] [kən'tɪndʒənsiz] 战略权变satisficing ['sætisfaisiŋ] 满意；满意法；满意度subsystems [sʌb 'sɪstəmz]子系统subunits [sʌb'junɪt] 子单位synergy ['sɪnɚdʒi]协同system boundary ['sɪstəm] ['baʊndri]系统边界structure dimension ['strʌktʃɚ] [daɪ'mɛnʃən] 结构性维度sequential interdependence [sɪ'kwɛnʃl] [,ɪntɚdɪ'pɛndəns]序列性依存; 相互依存self-directed team[,self di'rektid] [tim]自我管理型团队specialist ['spɛʃəlɪst] 专家；专门战略strategy and structure changes ['strætədʒi] [ənd] ['strʌktʃɚ] [tʃend ʒz]战略与结构变革symptoms of structural deficiency ['sɪmptəm] [əv] ['strʌktʃərəl] [dɪ'fɪʃənsi]结构无效的特征T 17tall hierarchies [tɔl] ['haɪə,rɑrki] 高长型科层结构task force or project team [tæsk] [fɔrs] [əv] ['prɒdʒekt] [tim] 任务小组或项目团队task independence [tæsk] [,ɪndɪ'pɛndəns]任务的内部依赖性task management [tæsk]['mænɪdʒmənt] 任务型管理task-oriented style [tæsk] ['orɪɛntɪd] [staɪl] 任务导向型管理风格team process [tim] ['prɑsɛs] 团队进程；团队合作total productivity ['totl] [,prodʌk'tɪvəti] 总生产率total quality management ['totl] ['kwɑləti] ['mænɪdʒmənt]全面质量管理trade agreement [treid] [ə'grimənt] 贸易协定；雇用合同；劳资协议training positions ['trenɪŋ] [pə'zɪʃənz]挂职培训training program ['trenɪŋ] ['proɡræm]培训程序transactional leaders [trænz'ækʃənl] ['lidɚz]交易型领导transformational leaders [,trænzfə'meʃənəl] ['lidɚz]变革型领导treatment discrimination ['tritmənt] [dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neʃən] 歧视待遇two-factory theory [tu] ['fæktri] ['θiəri] 双因素理论two-boss employees [tu] [bɔs] [,ɛmplɔɪ'iz]双重主管员工technical or product champion ['tɛknɪkl] [ɔr] ['prɑdʌkt] ['tʃæmpɪən] 技术或产品的倡导者U 2unfreezing [ʌn'friz] 解冻unit production ['junɪt] [prə'dʌkʃən]单位产品V 11variation [,vɛrɪ'eʃən]变化；[生物] 变异，变种variety [və'raɪəti]变量valence ['veləns] 效价variable costs ['vɛrɪəbl] [kɔsts] 可变成本vertical communication ['vɝtɪkl] [kə,mjunɪ'keʃən] 纵向沟通vertical integration ['vɝtɪkl] ['ɪntə'greʃən] 纵向一体化vestibule training ['vɛstɪbjul] ['trenɪŋ] 仿真培训volume flexibility ['vɑljum] [,flɛksə'bɪləti] 产量的可伸缩性vertical linkage ['vɝtɪkl] ['lɪŋkɪdʒ]纵向连接venture team ['vɛntʃɚ] [tim] 风险团队value based leadership ['vælju] [best] ['lidɚʃɪp] 基于价值的领导W 7win-lose situation [wɪn] [luz] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 输赢情境win-win situation ['wɪn'wɪn] [,sɪtʃu'eʃən] 双赢情境workforce literacy ['wɝkfɔrs] ['lɪtərəsi]员工的读写能力work in progress [wɝk] [ɪn] ['prɑɡrɛs]在制品work flow redesign [wɝk] [flo] [,ridɪ'zaɪn] 工作流程再造成work flow automation [wɝk] [flo] [,ɔtə'meʃən]工作流程自动化whistle blowing ['wɪsl] ['bloɪŋ]揭发;举报Z 2zero-sum ['ziro'sʌm]零和；零和博弈zone of indifference(area of acceptance) [zon] [əv] [ɪn'dɪfrəns]（['ɛrɪə] [əv] [ək'sɛptəns]）无差异区域(可接受区域)。