结构专业英语

a. LOAD 荷载b. GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATION 地基及基础c. REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE 钢筋混凝土结构d. STEEL STRUCTURE 钢结构e. DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMIC 抗震设计f. GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGN 设计常用词汇g. GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION 施工常用词汇a. Load 荷载拔力 pulling force标准值 standard value残余应力 residual stress冲击荷载 impact load, punch load残余变形 residual deformation承压 bearing承载能力 bearing capacity承重 bearing, load bearing承重结构 bearing structure脆性材料 brittle material脆性破坏 brittle failure抵抗力 resisting power, resistance吊车荷载 crane load分布荷载 distributed load风荷载 wind load风速 wind velocity, wind speed风压 wind pressure风振 wind vibration浮力 buoyance, floatage符号 symbol, mark负弯矩 negative moment, hogging moment附加荷载 additional load附加应力 additional stress副作用 side effect, by-effect刚度 rigidity刚度比 ratio of rigidity刚度系数 rigidity factor刚接 rigid connection刚性节点 rigid joint恒载 dead load荷载传递 transmission of load固端弯矩 fixed-end moment活荷载 live load积灰荷载 dust load集中荷载 concentrated load加载, 加荷 loading剪力 shear, shearing force剪切破坏 shear failure剪应变 shear strain剪应力 shear stress简支 simple support静定结构 statically determinate structure截面模量 modulus of section, section modulus静力 static force静力分析 static analysis局部压力 local pressure, partial pressure局部压屈 local bulkling 绝对值 absolute value均布荷载 uniformly distributed load抗拔力 pulling resistance抗剪刚度 shear rigidity抗剪强度 shear strength, shearing strength抗拉强度 tensile strength抗扭 torsion resistance抗扭刚度 torsional rigidity抗弯 bending resistance抗弯刚度 bending rigidity抗压强度compressive strength, compression strength可靠性 reliability可靠性设计 reliability design拉力 tensile force拉应力 tensile stress, tension stress拉应变 tensile strain, tension strain临界点 critical point临界荷载 critical load临界应力 critical stress密度 density离心力 centrifugal force摩擦力 friction force摩擦系数 frictional factor挠度 deflection内力 internal force, inner force扭矩 moment of torsion, torsional moment疲劳强度 fatigue strength偏心荷载 eccentric load, non-central load偏心距 eccentric distance, eccentricity偏心受拉 eccentric tension偏心受压 eccentric compression屈服强度 yield strength使用荷载 working load水平力 horizontal force水平推力 horizontal thrust弹塑性变形 elastoplastic deformation弹性 elasticity, resilience, spring塑限 plastic limit弹性变形 elastic deformation塑性变形 plastic deformation弹性模量 modulus of elastic, elastic modulus体积 volume, bulk, cubature, cubage土压力 earth pressure, soil pressure弯矩 bending moment, moment弯曲半径 radius at bent, radius of curve位移 displacement温度应力 temperature stress温度作用 temperature action系数 coefficient, factor雪荷载 snow load压应变 compression strain压应力 compression stress应力集中 concentration of stress预应力 prestressing force, prestress振动荷载 vibrating load, racking load支座反力 support reaction自重 own weight作用 action, effect作用点 point of application, application joint b. Ground Base and Foundation 地基及基础板桩 sheet pile, sheeting pile板桩基础 sheet pile foundation饱和粘土 saturation clay冰冻线 frost line, freezing level不均匀沉降unequal settlement, differential settlement残积土 residual soil沉积物 deposit, sediment沉降 settlement沉降差 difference in settlement沉降缝 settlement joint沉井 sinking well, sunk well沉箱 caisson持力层 bearing stratum冲积 alluviation锤夯 hammer tamping档土墙 retaining wall, breast wall底板 base slab, base plate, bed plate地板 floor board地基 ground base, ground地基承载力 ground bearing capacity地基处理 ground treatment, soil treatment地基稳定 base stabilization地梁 ground beam, ground sill地漏 floor drain地下工程 substructure work, understructure work 地下室 basement, cellar地下水 ground water地下水位 groundwater level, water table地下水压力 ground water pressure地质报告 geologic report垫层 bedding, blinding独立基础isolated foundation, individual foundation端承桩 end-bearing pile筏式基础 raft foundation粉砂 silt, rock flour粉质粘土 silty clay粉质土 silty soil扶壁式档土墙 buttressed retaining wall腐蚀 corrosion覆土 earth covering刚性基础 rigid foundation沟盖板 trench cover固结 consolidation灌注桩 cast-in-place pile, cast in site pile护坡 slope protection, revetment护桩 guard pile环墙 ring wall灰土 lime earth回填 backfill, backfilling 回填土 backfill, backfill soil混凝土找平层 concrete screed火山灰水泥 trass cement基槽 foundation trench基础 foundation, base基础底板 foundation slab基础埋深 embedded depth of foundation基础平面图 foundation plan地基勘探 site exploration, site investigation 基坑 foundation pit集水坑 collecting sump阶形基础 stepped foundation结合层 binding course, bonding course井点 well point井点排水 well point unwatering开挖 excavation, cutting勘测 exploration and survey勘测资料 exploration data沥青 bitumen, asphalt, pitch联合基础 combined foundation卵石 cobble, pebble埋置 embedment毛石基础 rubble foundation锚筋 anchor bar锚桩 anchor pile密实度 compactness, density, denseness摩擦桩 friction pile, floating pile粘土 clay粘质粉土 clay silt碾压 roller compaction, rolling排水 drainage, dewatering排水沟 drainage ditch排水孔 weep hole, drain hole排水设备 dewatering equipment普通硅酸盐水泥 ordinary Portland cement群桩 grouped piles容许沉降 permissible settlement容许承载力 allowable bearing软土 soft soil砂垫层 sand bedding course, sand cushion砂土 sandy soil, sands砂质粉土 sandy silt设备基础 equipment foundation水泥搅拌桩 cement injection素土夯实 rammed earth, packed soil碎石桩 stone columns弹性地基 elastic foundation弹性地基梁 beam on elastic foundation填方 fill, filling填土 earth-fill, earth filling, filling条形基础 strip foundation土方工程 earthwork挖方 excavation work, excavation箱形基础 box foundation压实 compaction, compacting压实系数 compacting factor验槽 check of foundation subsoil预制混凝土桩 precast concrete pile中砂 medium sand重力式档土墙 gravity retaining wall桩承台 pile cap钻孔桩 bored pile钻探 exploration drilling, drilling,最终沉降 final settlementc.Reinforcement Concrete Structure 钢筋混凝土结构板缝 slab joint板厚 thickness of slab板式楼梯 cranked slab stairs板跨度 span of slab薄壁结构 thin-walled structure薄腹梁 thin wedded girder保护层 protective coating臂式吊车 boom crane, boom hoist边梁 edge beam, boundary beam变截面 variable cross-section变形缝 movement joint变形钢筋 deformed bar初凝 initial setting, pre-setting次梁 secondary beam大型屋面板 precast ribbed roof slab单层厂房 one-storied factory单筋梁 beam with single reinforcement单跨 single span单向板 one-way slab垫块 cushion block垫梁 template beam吊车梁 crane beam, crane girder顶棚抹灰 ceiling plastering端跨 end span, tail bay多跨连续梁 multi-span beam翻边 upstand反梁 upstand beam分布钢筋 distribution-bar封闭式箍筋 closed stirrup附加钢筋 additional bar刚架 rigid frame, stiff frame钢筋 reinforcement, steel bar, bar钢筋表 Bar Schedules钢筋笼 steel reinforcement cage钢筋间距 spacing of bars, bar spacing钢筋网 bar-mat reinforcement, mesh reinforcement 钢筋砖 reinforced brick勾缝 joint pointing构架 frame, gallows构件 member, structural member构造 construction构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement构造柱 onstructional column, tie column构筑物 structure箍筋 hoop reinforcement, hooping箍筋间距 stirrup spacing固定端 fixed end, retained end 固端梁 fixed-end beam, fixed beam过梁 lintel, breast summer混凝土强度等级 grade of concrete机制砖 machine-made brick剪力墙 shear wall简支梁 simply supported beam经济跨度 economic span经济配筋率economic ratio of reinforcement劲性钢筋 stiff reinforcement劲性钢筋混凝土结构 steel composite construction 径向钢筋 radial reinforcement抗剪钢筋 shear reinforcement抗拉钢筋 tension reinforcement受压钢筋 compression reinforcement可见裂缝 visible crack刻痕钢丝 indented steel wire坑 pit, hollow, delve空斗墙 rowlock cavity wall, rolock wall空心板 hollow slab空心砖隔墙 hollow tile partition跨度 span框架 frame框架剪力墙结构 frame-shear wall structure拉接钢筋 tie bar栏杆 railing, banister栏杆立柱 railing post老化 aging累积误差 accumulated error肋形楼板 ribbed floor slab冷拔低碳钢丝 cold-drawn low-carbon wire冷脆性 cold shortness, cooling brittleness冷弯 cold bending冷轧 cold rolling离析 segregation梁垫 beam pad, template, pad梁挠度 beam deflection楼梯斜梁 string, stringer螺旋楼梯 spiral stair, winding staircase马鞍形壳 saddle shell锚固 anchoring门框, 门樘 door frame门式刚架 portal frame面砖, 墙面砖 facing tile, wall tile耐火混凝土 fire-resisting concrete排架 bent, bent frame女儿墙 parapet wall, parapet配筋率 reinforcement ratio配箍率 stirrup ratio砌块 block圈梁 ring beam, tie beam, bond beam山墙 gable深梁 deep beam伸缩缝 expansion joint实腹梁 solid web girder实腹柱 solid web column竖向钢筋 vertical reinforcement双向配筋 two-way reinforcement素混凝土 plain concrete筒中筒结构 tube-in-tube structure网状钢筋 steel mesh reinforcement围堰 cofferdam, coffer无梁楼盖 flat slab, flat plate系梁 tie beam预应力钢筋混凝土 prestressed reinforced concrete 预应力构件 prestressed component预制 prefabrication预制板 precast slab预制构件 prefabrication component预制装配式结构 prefabricated construction折板 folded plate, folded slab折板结构 folded-plate structure主筋 main reinforcement, main bar主梁 main beam, girder柱距 column spacing, post spacing装配式结构 fabricated structure纵梁 longitudinal beam纵剖面 longitudinal section纵向钢筋 longitudinal bard. Steel Structure 钢结构薄壁型钢 light-gauge steel section, hollow steel section不等肢角钢 unequal angle steel槽钢 channel, channel steel背对背角钢组合 angles back to back不锈钢 stainless steel除锈 rust-removal粗制螺栓 rough bolt, black bolt带钢 strip steel, band iron单面焊 single weld, one-side welding地脚螺栓 foundation bolt, anchor bolt,holding down bolt点焊 spot welding, point welding电动葫芦 electric hoist等边角钢 equal angle, equal leg angle对接焊, 对焊 butt welding腹板 web plate, web腹杆 web member腹板加劲件 web stiffener杆 rod, bar钢板 steel plate钢管 steel tube, steel pipe钢桁架 steel truss钢框架 steel frame钢梯, 爬梯 steel ladder高强度螺栓 high strength bolt格构柱 lattice column工字梁 I-girder, I-beam工字钢 I-steel工字形截面 I-shaped cross-section焊缝 welding seam焊接 welding焊接长度 weld length 焊条 welding rod桁架 truss红丹底漆 red lead primer红丹漆 red lead paint加劲肋 stiffening rib, rib stiffener加劲板 stiffening plate角钢 angle steel节点 joint, node节点板 gusset plate, gusset节点位移 joint displacement节间长度 panel length紧固螺栓 clamp bolt, fastening bolt精制螺栓 turned bolt可焊性 weldability空腹桁架 open-web truss空间桁架 space truss肋板 ribbed panel, ribbed slab连接板 connecting plate, joint plate檩条 purline螺母 screw nut, nut螺栓 bolt螺栓孔 bolt hole螺纹 screw thread, thread螺纹长度 length of thread螺纹钢 screw-threaded steel, twisted steel 拉杆 tie rod, tension rod满焊 full weld铆钉 rivet锰钢 manganese steel喷砂 sand blasting轻钢结构 lightweight steel construction三角架 tripod上弦 top chord, upper chord上弦横向水平支撑 upper lateral bracing上弦纵向水平支撑 upper longitudinal bracing 平面桁架 plane truss实腹刚架 solid web rigid frame塔架 pylon bent特种钢 special steel调和漆 mixed paint贴角焊 fillet weld, fillet welding托架 bracket网架结构 grid structure屋架 roof truss, principal无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe系杆 tie rod, tie bar, tie下弦 bottom chord, lower chord下弦横向水平支撑 bottom lateral bracing斜撑 diagonal brace, diagonal bracing型钢 section steel, shaped steel悬索 suspended cable, suspension cable压力焊 pressure welding仰焊 overhead welding, inverted welding翼缘 flange翼缘板 flange plate, cover plate轧制型钢 rolled steel section支撑 bracing, strutting铸铁管 cast iron pipe组合槽钢 built-up channel组合截面built-up section,compound section自动焊接 automatic weldinge. Design for Antiseismic 抗震设计鞭梢效应 whipping effect场地类别 site classification场地土 site soil单自由度体系 single-degree of freedom system底部剪力法 equivalent base shear method地震 earthquake, seism地震烈度 earthquake intensity, seismic intensity 地震烈度区划图 map of seismic intensity zoning 地震影响系数 seismic influence coefficient地震作用 earthquake action多自由度体系 multi-degree of freedom system反应谱 response spectrum抗震 earthquake resistance抗震缝 seismic joint, aseismic joint抗震构造 aseismic construction抗震设防 earthquake fortification抗震设计 seismic design共振 resonance基本周期 foundamental period里氏震级 Richter magnitude烈度 intensity设计近震 design near earthquake设计远震 design far earthquake时程分析法 time history method液化 liquefaction振型 vibration mode振型分解法 modal analysis method震源 earthquake focus震中 earthquake epicenter自由度 degree of freedom自振周期 natural period of vibrationf. General Words for Design 设计常用词汇安装 installation, erection报价 offer, quoted price报价单 quotation壁柱 pilaster, mural column变更 alteration, variation, modification变形 deformation标高 elevation, level标准 standard, criterion标准大样 standard detail标准图 standard drawing补充规定 additional regulations补充说明 additional remarks补充条件 supplementary conditions不对称 asymmetry布置 arrangement, layout布置图 layout plan, layout 材料 material材料表 bill of materials材料强度 strength of materials参见详图 referring to detail drawing参考点 reference point参数 parameter操作平台 operating platform草图 sketch, draft, rough drawing侧向刚度 lateral rigidity侧向稳定 lateral stability侧向约束 lateral restraint侧向支撑 lateral bracing, side bracing拆除 demolition, removal长细比 slenderness ratio厂房 factory building, mill building超静定 statical indetermination承包 contract承包商 contractor等效截面 equivalent section底标高 bottom elevation电梯 lift, elevator, electric lift电梯井 elevator hoistway, lift well, lift shaft 电梯机房 elevator machine room方案 scheme, plan, programme方案设计 schematic plan方案图 schematic drawing防爆 explosion protection,explosion-proofing防潮层 damp-proof course防冻 freezing prevention, frost protection防冻剂 antifreeze compound防腐 preservation防腐剂 preservative, preservative agent防滑 slip-resistance防滑处理 deslicking treatment防滑条 non-slip insert防火 fire prevention, fire proofing防火材料 fireproof material防火分区 fire compartment防水 waterproofing防水材料 waterproof material防水砂浆 waterproof mortar防酸 acid proofing方形 square防锈 rust prevention防锈剂 anti-rust agent防振 vibration protection分配系数 distribution coefficient风化 weathering, efflorescence风向 wind direction附图 attached drawing附注 note, annotation高层建筑 high-rise building高差 difference in elevation高跨比 ratio of rise to span高宽比 depth-width ratio高耸结构 high-rise structure隔断 partition, divider工程 project, engineering工程量 quantities工程量表 bill of quantities工业厂房 industrial factory building工业建筑 industrial architecture公称直径 nominal diameter公式 formula公司 company, corporation拱 arch共振 resonance, sympathetic vibration管架 pipe rack规范 regulation, code规格 specifications, standards规模 scale, scope国家规范 national regulation国家标准 national standards合同 contract横向变形 transverse deformation横向刚度 lateral rigidity化工厂 chemical plant货梯 freight elevator, goods lift极限承载能力 ultimate bearing capacity纪要 summary计算书 calculation sheet技术资料 technical data剪刀撑, 交叉撑 X-brace, cross brace简图 sketch, diagram简支梁 simple beam交叉 intersection, crossing交点 intersection point铰接 hinged connection, hinge joint, pin connection 结构变形 structural deformation结构图 structural drawing结构形式 structural style结构稳定性 structural stability结论 conclusion, verdict截面 section界限 limits, bounds, demarcation line紧急出口 emergency exit精确度 accuracy, precision, excatitude,局部破坏 local failure, partial failure矩形 rectangular抗冻 frost resisting抗风柱 wind resistance column立面 elevation, facade粒径 particle diameter连续梁 continuous beam两铰拱 two-hinged arch裂缝 rift, crack, crevice楼梯 stair楼梯间 staircase楼梯扶手 stair rail楼梯净空 stair headroom楼梯平台, 休息平台 landing, pace, stair landing 楼梯坡度 pitch of stair, slope of stair楼梯踏步 stair step铝合金 aluminum alloy 铝合金窗 aluminum alloy window民用建筑 civil architecture摩擦 friction耐火等级 fire resistance rating耐久性 durability, endurance爬梯 cat ladder疲劳破坏 fatigue failure频率 frequency平面布置 plan layout平台 terrace, platform, deck平台栏杆 platform railing剖面 section剖面图 sectional drawing侵蚀 corrosion, erosion倾覆 overturning, toppling人孔 manhole容许误差 allowable error, permissible error容许值 permissible value, allowable value晒图 blueprinting上部结构 superstructure设计要求 design requirements设计资料 design data伸缩缝 expansion joint室外楼梯 exterior stair, outside stairway双向板 two-way slab水平撑 horizontal brace踏步 step踏步板 tread弹簧 spring填充材料 filling material填充墙 filler wall挑板 cantilever slab挑檐 projecting eaves, overhang eaves停车场 car park, parking lot通用构件 standard member通用图 standard drawing通用详图 standard detail统一标准 unified standards统一构件 unified structure element投标 bid, tender招标 bidding图集 collective drawings,collection of drawings 图签 title block温差 temperature difference稳定性 stability, steadiness污水处理 sewage disposal, sewage treatment先张法预应力 pretensioned prestressing现行标准 currently effective standards详图, 大样 detail drawing, detail橡胶止水带 rubber waterstop消防 firefighting, fire protection斜率 slope卸荷 unloading卸货平台 discharging platform, unloading platform 悬臂 cantilever悬臂板 cantilever slab悬臂梁 cantilever beam, overhanging beam悬挂 hanging suspension压缩机 compressor压缩模量 modulus of compression延性 ductility, ductileness业主 client, owner一览表 table, schedule, list有效截面 effective section预应力损失 loss of prestress,prestressing loss圆形 circular shape, round圆柱 circular column, round column约束 confinement, restraint, constraint约束条件 constrain condition展开图 developed drawing栈桥 landing stage, loading bridge罩棚 awning折减系数 reduction factor折算高度 reduced height支座 support, pedestal直爬梯 vertical ladder止水带 water stop中和轴 neutral axis重心 center of gravity周期 period, cycle转弯半径 turning radius转动惯量 rotational inertia装卸平台 loading and unloading platformg. General Words for Construction 施工常用词汇拌和料 mixture标准级配 standard grading补强 strengthening, stiffening测量 survey, measurement拆模 form removal尺寸 dimension, size抄平 leveling处理 treatment搭接 lap joint, lapping, overlap joint搭接长度 splicing length打底 bedding, priming打夯, 夯实 ramming, tamping打桩 pile driving, piling, driving粗砂 coarse sand捣实 rodding, tamping地质勘测 geological exploration,geological survey 吊装 hoisting定位 locating, positioning堆料区 stacking area洞口 opening放大 enlargement, amplification放线 setting out放样 lofting, setting out分层夯实 compaction in layers分层回填 back-filling in layers蜂窝麻面 voids and pits改建 reconstruction, alteration改造 transformation, remodeling 钢模 steel mould钢套管 steel thimble, steel sleeve工厂预制构件 factory-made component骨料, 集料 aggregate骨料级配 gradation of aggregate骨料粒径 aggregate size贯入度 penetration灌浆 grouting, grout jection和易性 workability后张法 post-tensioning method含水量 water content, moisture content混凝土剥落 scaling of concrete混凝土外加剂 concrete additive, concrete agent 混凝土浇筑 pouring of concrete级配 gradation, grading加固 reinforcement, strengthening加腋 haunching间距 spacing, pit建设 building, construction建筑安装工程 construction and installation work 建筑材料 building materials建筑结构 building structure建筑设计院 architecture design institute建筑施工 building construction检修人孔 inspection manhole浇筑 pouring, placing, depositing脚手架 scaffold, scaffolding结构标高 structural elevation进度估计 progress estimate净高 clear height净距 clear distance净空 clearance绝对标高 absolute elevation, absolute level竣工 completion竣工图“As Built” drawing开工 commencement of work扩建 extension, enlargement离析 segregation临时设施 construction site facilities临时道路 temporary road麻面 hungry spots埋入长度 embedment length面层 coat, coating抹灰 plastering, rendering抹灰面层 finish plaster模板 form, shutter board模板工程 formwork喷涂 spray coating, spraying膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt, expansion anchor平整 leveling平整场地 leveling of ground坡道, 斜坡道 ramp, slope ramp, slope way起吊 hoisting砂浆 mortar升板 lift slab升板法施工 lift slab construction施工 construction施工单位 construction organization施工缝 construction joint, working joint施工图 construction drawing时效 aging试样 sample, test sample收缩 shrinkage, contraction水灰比 water-cement ratio水泥 cement水泥抹面 cement plaster水泥砂浆 cement mortar水泥砂浆找平 cement mortar screeding坍落度 slump梯子 ladder, stepladder提升模板climbing form,climbing shuttering温度缝 temperature joint误差 error, inaccuracy细骨料 fine aggregate细石混凝土 fine concrete现场预制 site prefabrication现浇混凝土 cast-in-place concrete相对标高 relative elevation, relative level徐变 creep养护 curing永久变形 permanent deformation预留孔 preformed hole, prepared hole预埋件 embedded parts, embedded inserts预埋螺栓 embedded bolt, inserted bolt找平 leveling, screeding找平层 leveling coat, leveling course振捣 vibration振捣棒 poker vibration, vibrating needle, vibrator 支模 form erecting, erection of shuttering最佳级配 optimum gradation坐标 coordinate。