大学英语六级写作辅导讲座

大学英语六级写作辅导讲座（2011年5月30日）戚元方一、六级写作特征二、六级写作的出题特点及复习重点：六级考试的写作题一般都在题干部分给出一个中文的段落框架，告诉学生每一段的大致写作重点。

根据这一特点，学生在审题时主要应注意以下几点。

1) 抓住要求讨论的话题。

2) 确定是否要明确给出自己的观点，决定文章的中心。

3) 找出每个段落的主题，针对主题做合理的展开。

举例：如何审题(2006年6月考题)1. 阅读经典书籍对人的成长至关重要2. 现在愿意阅读经典的人越来越少，原因是……3. 我们大学生应该怎么做1)讨论的话题：阅读经典书籍。

2)观点：这篇文章要求考生说明阅读经典书籍的重要性并分析目前经典书籍很少有人阅读的现状，文章结尾还要求考生提出自己的建议。

3)每段主题：第一段：陈述阅读经典书籍非常重要，引出话题。

第二段：罗列目前很少有人阅读经典书籍的几大原因。

第三段：建议大学生应该做些什么来改变现状。

从上述例题可以看出六级考试写作的重点已转化为段落的写作，学生在复习中应当着重以下三点：1)如何找到idea来展开段落。

2)如何将idea表达成准确的句子。

3)如何将句子有条理地组织成段落。

三、六级写作题材和格式六级写作题材贴近学生生活、社会热门话题，具体格式分为以下五种：（一）解释性议论文Sample 1Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Job Problems for College Graduates. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.1.目前大学毕业生就业形势比较严峻2.存在这种状况的原因3.我们应该采取什么措施Job Problems for College GraduatesThe job market for college graduates is getting increasingly tight over recent years. According to a recent survey, up to 25% of college graduates are unable to find jobs when they are leaving schools. What are some of the factors involved and what can be done to deal with this problem?A couple of reasons, both individual and social, can account for this employment problem. The expansion of college enrollment results in the oversupply of graduates in certain majors.Another reason is related to the students’ attitudes towards employment. Many graduates put earnings above anything else. They aim at well-paid positions in large corporation in big cities. Consequently, the competition in these city job markets becomes more intenseIn fact, college graduates are valuable human resources of our country and their problem deserves our more attention. To the government, they should attach great importance to this problem and create more job opportunitiesby injecting more fundsinto the youth employment. To the college graduates, they should take a proper attitude towards the employment by neither overstating nor understating themselves.(180 words) Practice:Help Indoorsmen and Indoorswomen out of their Houses1. 现在年轻人中有不少宅男宅女2. 产生这种现象的主要原因3. 如何帮助这些年轻人走出他们的住宅————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————（二）阐述性议论文Sample 1Directions:Write a composition entitled“Should We Encourage the Development of Private Cars or Public Transportation”.You should write at least 150 words based on the following outline given in Chinese.1. 有些人主张大力发展私家轿车2. 另一些人提倡优先发展公共交通3. 我的观点Should We Encourage the Development of Private Carsor Public Transportation?One of the controversial issues today is whether we should encourage the development of private cars or public transportation. Although some people believe the quick development of private cars is the boom of our economy, in this essay I will argue priorities should be given to the latter.One reason for this is that China is a country with the largest population in the world. If only 10 % of its population possess a car, this will make the roads overcrowded and congested while giving prioritiesto the public transport development will not only help ease the traffic jams, but also improve the living environment. Besides, some public transportation systems such assubways and light ways cause less pollution since they are driven by electricity. The most important reason for my argument is that public transportation system can carry more passengers, which fits the situation of our country where what we need is not more cars but cars with more people.Of course, the development of private cars is inevitable but based on the condition of our country, it is vital to give our preference to the development of public transportation system.(192 words) Practice:My View on Recommending Students to Key Universities1. 当前一些重点大学开始实行校长推荐制2. 对此有人赞成，有人反对3. 我的看法————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————（三）比较性议论文Sample 1Directions:Write a composition entitled The Two sides of Multi-media Teaching. You should write at least 120 words based on the following outline given in Chinese.1. 多媒体教学的优点2. 多媒体教学存在的不足3. 我对多媒体教学的看法The Two Sides of Multi-mediaTeachingToday multi-media teaching is no longer something newto us. In fact, it has become part of modern education. Statistics shows nearly all the colleges or universities use this facility in their teaching. However, as is the case with many issues, this type of teaching has both positive and negative aspects.On the positive side, with the combination of word, pictures, animation, sound, video and etc. multi-media education creates positive atmosphere in the classroom, thus motivating the learners. Another underlyingadvantage is that multi-media teaching with its rich contents makes learning both instructive and enjoyable. .On the negative side, multi-media teaching lacks classroom interaction between the teacher and learners, which may have a bad effect on improving teaching efficiency. Besides, it takes a considerable amount oftime to produce the teaching courseware on the part of teachers, thus drastically multiplying teachers’ working load.There is no denying that multi-media teaching has both benefits and drawbacks but on balance the advantages of multi-media teaching outweigh its disadvantages since such a teaching approach has become an integral part of modern education.(180 words) Practice:On Online Shopping1. 网上购物现已成为一种时尚2. 网上购物的利与弊3. 我对此购物方法的看法——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————（四）图标Number of students in City X studying abroad in 1995,2000 and 20051. 近十年来X 市有越来越多的学生选择到国外去读书2. 出现这种现象的原因3. 这种现象可能产生的影响The period 1995-2005 witnessed a rapid increase in the number of students in City Xstudying abroad. As can be seen, in 1995, only about 10000 students in this city pursued theirstudied overseas while in 1995 this number quickly rose to 40000. In 2005, however the numberof overseas students surged to over 120000, which is more than 10 times as many as that of 1995.The change in the number of students who study abroad can be accounted for by a couple offactors. First, along with social and economy progress, the living standard of the Chinese peoplehas been greatly enhanced, so they have enough money to send their children to study abroad.Meanwhile, more and more young people want to enjoy their lives and broaden their vision byexposing themselves to foreign professors and experiencing exotic cultures.Overseas study has a profound effect on both individuals and the society. It can widen ourpeople ’s horizons, promote friendship and enhance cultural interaction. In the meantime, it canalso boost our social economy and make our society more prosperous and dynamic. It ’s good forour nation ’s progress.Practice:Choices after Graduation1. 根据下图描述某高校近两年 (2009-2010) 毕业生去向分布情况2. 分析这样分布的原因3. 你的看法 54%27%4%Employment Postgraduate Overseas Study Others————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————五、范文（More Samples）1.Waste Sorting1. 目前许多人扔垃圾时不分类2. 由此带来的问题3. 提倡垃圾分类的意义Most people haven’t formed the habit and committed themselves to waste sorting now in China. They would throw their domestic garbage — kitchen refuse, abandoned plastics and papers, broken china and glass, etc. — all into the same public containers, without thinking whether they are recyclable or not.This, obviously, will reduce the value of stuff that can be recycled or reused, such as plastics and papers. Besides, the growing amount of garbage makes the building of more landfills necessary, which will worsen the shortage of land. Worse still, disposing of the recyclable waste like plastics by burning will give off toxic smoke and pollute the air. In this sense, throwing the trash unsorted should not be advocated, no matter from the perspective of economy or protecting environment.On the contrary, if we sort out recyclable waste before throwing them away, the amount of trash will be reduced sharply. Accordingly, the cost of running landfills and treating waste will be brought down greatly. What’s more important, less waste will have to be burned or buried, meaning resources waste and pollution will be reduced. Therefore, economically and environmentally, it is of great significance to call for waste-sorting.2. Text Messages on TV Shows1. 目前各类电视节目广泛使用短信参与方式2. 人们对此有不同看法3. 我认为…At present, text messages are widely used in various TV shows. From serious news programs to different kinds of entertainment programs, we can always see some interactive sessions which all include the use of text messages, such as text-message voting.Is it good or bad? Some people hold the view that it provides a convenient and relatively cheap way for audience to participate in the program. While others think it is nothing but a methodwhich takes advantage of the public’s curiosity and their hope of winning awards to lure them into sending lots of messages that cost them a large amount of money.As far as I’m concerned, text message is an effe ctive medium for the audience to interact with the TV shows, which can arouse people’s passion for watching the programs, and bring benefits to the TV station as well. But when we are enjoying the merit of it, we should also take the contents and objectives of the programs using text messages into consideration to ensure the quality of the TV shows.3.Cars and Air Pollution1.私家轿车越来越多，有些问题随之产生2.比较明显的大问题有……3.我对这种现象的看法Too many cars have created a lot of serious problems in our world. Besides congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, cars are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big cities. All the time, they are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere. These gases are very harmful, causing disease and even death.One possible solution is to design and develop clean cars and clean fuels. In Shanghai, some of the public buses begin to run on natural gas, which does not give off as much carbon dioxide as the petrol. But it may take decades for the new models of clean cars completely replace the traditional ones.Another solution is to develop modern public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. If the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not buy private cars. And the total number of cars in big cities will reduce greatly.On the whole, the elimination of air pollution needs the collective efforts from the government, the public and the environmentalists.4.Overseas Study at an Early Age1.目前很多父母在孩子高中毕业前就送他们出国学习2.导致这种趋势的原因是什么3.我对此的看法Nowadays more and more parents are eager to send their children to study abroad before they finish high school by whatever means and at whatever cost.It is quite understandable for parents to send their children to study overseas because they place high expectations on their children. They are encouraged by the success stories of those who have completed their overseas study. With the development of economy, companies and institutions at home are giving more and more emphasis on overseas experiences, too. Consequently, pursuing overseas study became a kind of short cut in gaining a better future. Moreover, there is still one underlying reason for this rusheconomic reason. The rapid economic progress in the past few years in China has enabled more and more parents to afford the huge cost for their children’s overseas study.As for me, overseas study is surely a helpful way to get both advanced knowledge and necessary experiences, but overseas study at an early age is neither necessary nor beneficial. The students may be too young to either tend for themselves or think for themselves. I do think that overseas stu dy can contribute to one’s self-improvement, but it’s better to be pursued after on e has finished his college study at home, when he is more capable of learning and living on his own.5.Turn off Your Mobile Phone1.移动电话给我们的生活带来了便利2.移动电话有时也会影响别人3.在某些场合请关掉你的手机Turn Off Your Mobile PhoneWith the development of information technology and reduced price of communication products, the mobi1e phone has become a necessity for most people. Obviously, it shortens the distance between people and makes our life more convenient. Thanks to it, it’s easy for us to contact or be contacted by others anytime and anywhere. We will never miss any important meetings，great deals or admirable opportunities.But，have you noticed sometimes the mobile phone also brings embarrassment to us? It’s not rare to see someone pressing the mobile phone to his ear and shouting loudly in public as if there were no one else present. And I’m sure each one has had such an experience that the mobi1e phone ring continuously on a formal occasion. Perhaps these People have many life-and-death reasons to keep the phone working at all times, but it interrupts people around them who have to hear what they don’t care when they want to concentrate on what they’re doing.So if you are one of them, please shut off your cell phone in public, especially on a quiet and serious oc casion. It’s a respect for both others and yourself.6. Being Energy Conscious in Small Ways1. 现在能源紧缺非常突出。