2008民用建筑电气设计规范 关于漏电设计1
民用建筑电气设计中漏电保护器的正确选用
； 性 ，可作 为直接 接 触 防护 中基 本保 护措 施 的后 灾）
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（） １ 职工 的业 务 素 质不 高 ， 电动 机 维修 的质
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２２ 在 没 有 间接 接 触 电击 危 险 场 所 的 电 气设 备外壳， ． 便会 引起触电事故。
备 ； 用安 全 电压供 电 的设备 ； 使 一般 环境 条件 下 ３１ 设 计 中如何 正确 选用漏 电保 护 器。 ．
护 器的 选 用场 所、 正确 安 装 、 正确接 线作 了探 灾 。在 Ｔ 、 Ｔ及 ｒ ＮＴ ｒ系统 中， 当过 电流保 护装 置
讨， 对设计 中应 注意 的问题 作 了说 明。
关键词 ： 电保 护 器 电气 设计 漏
未能 满足接 地故 障的 分断条件 时 ， 可采 用 漏电保
具有 双重 绝缘 或 加 强 绝缘 的 电气设 备一 Ⅱ类设 ３ ． 漏电保护器的选用应 实现有选择性 的分 ．１ １
级 电流 的 矢量和 为零 ，当 负荷 侧 线路 及 设 备 发 备 ； 生漏 电及 接地 故 障时 ， 出现 剩余 电流 。
２１ 建 筑施 工工地 的 电气施 工机 械 ； ．． ３
漏 电保 护 器动 作 灵敏 度 很 高 ，整 定 电流 可 ２１ 暂设 临 时用 电的 电气设 备 ； ．４ ． 以以 ｍ Ａ计 。 它以其 高灵 敏度切 断 电源的动 作特 ２１ 每 栋住 宅 的 总 电源进 线开 关 （ 电气 火 ．． ５ 防
民用建筑电气设计规范
中华人民共和国行业标准民用建筑电气设计规范Code for Electrical Design of Civil BuildingsJGJ 16-2008主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院批准部门：中华人民共和国建设部施行日期：2008年8月1日12 接地及安全12.1 一般规定12.1.1 本章适用于交流35kV 及以下用电设备及对地不能构成闭合回路的直流用电设备的接地及安全设计。
12.1.2 用电设备的接地，一般可区分为保护性接地和功能性接地。
12.1.3 用电设备接地及安全设计应根据工程特点和地质特点确定合理接地系统方案。
12.1.4 不同用途和不同电压等级用电设备的接地(包括保护性接地和功能性接地)，除另有规定者外，宜采用一个总的共用接地装置；对其他非电力设备(电讯及其他电子设备)，除有特殊要求者外，也可采用共用接地装置，接地装置的接地电阻应符合其中设备最小值的要求。
12.1.5 在10kV及以下电力网中，严禁利用大地作相线或中性线。
12.1.6 等电位联结是安全保障的根本措施，每个建筑都应根据建筑特点采取相应有效的办法。
12.2 低压配电系统的接地型式和基本要求12.2.1 低压配电系统接地型式有以下三种：1 TN 系统电源端有一点直接接地，受电设备的外露可导电部分通过保护线与接地点连接。
按照中性线与保护线组合情况，又可分为三种型式：1）TN-S 系统：整个系统的中性线(N)与保护线(PE)是分开的，见附录C.1图C.1-1。
2）TN-C 系统：整个系统的中性线(N)与保护线(PE)是合一的，见附录C.1图C.1-2。
3）TN-C-S 系统：系统中前一部分线路的中性线与保护线是合一的，见附录C.1 图C.1-3。
2 TT 系统电源端有一点直接接地，受电设备的外露可导电部分通过保护线接至与电源端接地点无直接关联的接地极，见附录C.1图C.1-4。
3 IT 系统电源端的带电部分与大地间无直接连接或有一点经足够大的阻抗接地，受电设备的外露可导电部分通过保护线接至接地极，见附录C.1图C.1-5。
民用建筑电气设计规范JGJ16-2008
前言根据建设部建标[2002]84号文的要求，规范编制组在广泛调查研究，认真总结实践经验，参考有关国际标准，并广泛征求意见基础上，对《民用建筑电气设计规范》JGJ/T16-92进行了修订。
随着科学技术的发展并结合民用建筑电气设计所涉及的主要技术内容和特点，修订后的本规范在技术内容上做了相应的调整。
取消了室外架空线路、电力设备防雷和声、像节目制作三章，增加了安全技术防范、综合布线、电磁兼容、电子信息设备机房和住宅（小区）电气设计五章，对其他各章所涉及的主要技术内容也进行了补充、完善和必要的修改。
本规范由建设部建筑设计标准技术归口单位中国建筑标准设计研究所归口管理，授权由主编单位负责具体解释。
本规范主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院（地址：沈阳市和平区光荣街65号，邮政编码：110003）本规范参编单位：中国建筑标准设计研究所中国建筑设计研究院北京市建筑设计研究院上海现代设计集团天津市建筑设计研究院中国建筑西南设计研究院中国建筑西北设计研究院中南建筑设计研究院哈尔滨工业大学广东省建筑设计研究院福建省建筑设计研究院施耐德电气（中国）投资有限公司ABB（中国）投资有限公司广东伟雄集团浙江湖州久立耐火电缆有限公司本规范主要起草人：主编：王金元副主编：洪元颐、温伯银编委：王可崇、王东林、尹秀伟、孙兰、成彦、刘迪先、李雪佩、李炳华李朝栋、汪猛、杨德才、陈汉民、陈建飚、陈众励、施沪生、张文才目 录1 总则.........................................................................................................................................................10 2 术语.........................................................................................................................................................11 3 供配电系统. (15)3.1 一般规定 (15)3.2 负荷分级及供电要求 (15)3.3 电源及10、35kV 供电系统 (18)3.4 电压选择和电能质量 (20)3.5 负荷计算 (21)3.6 无功补偿...........................................................................................................................................23 4 配变电所. (25)4.1 一般规定...........................................................................................................................................25 4.2 所址选择. (25)4.3 配电变压器选择 (26)4.4 主结线及电器选择...........................................................................................................................27 4.5 配变电所型式和布置.. (29)4.6 10kV 及35kV 配电装置 (31)4.7 低压配电装置...................................................................................................................................34 4.8 电力电容器装置...............................................................................................................................35 4.9 对有关专业的要求...........................................................................................................................36 5 继电保护及电气测量..............................................................................................................................38 5.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................38 5.2 继电保护.. (38)5.3 电气测量 (44)5.4 二次回路 (47)5.5 控制方式、所用电源及操作电源.................................................................................................50 6 自备应急电源 (52)6.1 自备应急低压柴油发电机组 (52)6.2 自备应急高压柴油发电机组 (60)6.3 自备燃气轮发电机组 (60)6.4 不间断电源·····································································································································61 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o7.2 低压配电系统 (63)7.3 特低电压（ELV ）配电...................................................................................................................65 7.4 导体选择.. (66)7.5 低压电器的选择 (73)7.6 低压配电线路的保护.....................................................................................................................75 8 配电线路布线系统. (82)8.1 一般规定 (82)8.2 瓷（塑料）线夹、鼓形绝缘子和针式绝缘子布线 (82)8.3 直敷布线 (84)8.4 金属导管布线 (84)8.5 可挠金属电线保护套管布线 (85)8.6 金属线槽布线 (86)8.7 刚性塑料导管（槽）布线.............................................................................................................87 8.8 地面内暗装金属线槽布线. (88)8.9 电力电缆布线 (89)8.10 预制分支电缆布线.......................................................................................................................94 8.11 矿物绝缘（MI ）电缆布线.. (94)8.12 电缆桥架（梯架、托盘）布线 (95)8.13 封闭式母线布线...........................................................................................................................97 8.14 电气竖井内布线...........................................................................................................................97 9 常用设备电气装置..................................................................................................................................99 9.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................99 9.2 电动机............................................................................................................................................99 9.3 传动运输系统. (105)9.4 电梯、自动扶梯和自动人行道 (107)9.5 自动门和电动卷帘门 (109)9.6 舞台用电设备 (110)9.7 医用放射线设备 (113)9.8 体育馆（场）设备·······················································································································116 10 电气照明··············································································································································118 10.1 一般规定·····································································································································118 10.2 照明质量·····································································································································118 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o10.5 照度水平.....................................................................................................................................122 10.6 绿色照明与节能.........................................................................................................................124 10.7 照明供电.....................................................................................................................................124 10.8 各类公共建筑照明设计要求.....................................................................................................126 10.9 建筑景观照明.............................................................................................................................132 11 民用建筑物防雷..................................................................................................................................139 11.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................139 11.2 建筑物的防雷分类.....................................................................................................................139 11.3 第二类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................140 11.4 第三类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................143 11.5 其他防雷保护措施.....................................................................................................................145 11.6 接闪器.........................................................................................................................................146 11.7 引下线.........................................................................................................................................148 11.8 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................149 11.9 防雷击电磁脉冲.........................................................................................................................150 12 接地及安全..........................................................................................................................................155 12.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................155 12.2 低压配电系统的接地型式和基本要求.....................................................................................155 12.3 低压配电系统的防触电保护.....................................................................................................157 12.4 保护接地范围.............................................................................................................................160 12.5 接地要求和接地电阻.................................................................................................................161 12.6 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................163 12.7 通用电力设备及电气设施接地.................................................................................................166 12.8 特殊装置或场所的安全保护.. (172)13 火灾自动报警与联动控制 (182)3.1 一般规定······································································································································182 13.2 系统保护对象分级与保护范围的确定····················································································182 13.3 系统设计····································································································································184 13.4 消防联动控制····························································································································186 13.5 火灾探测器的选择与设置········································································································190 13.6 火灾应急广播····························································································································195 13.7 消防专用电话····························································································································196 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o13.10 导体选择及敷设......................................................................................................................203 13.11 消防值班室与消防控制室......................................................................................................205 13.12 接地..........................................................................................................................................206 14 安全技术防范......................................................................................................................................207 14.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................207 14.2 入侵报警系统.............................................................................................................................208 14.3 视频监控系统.............................................................................................................................211 14.4 出入口控制系统.........................................................................................................................216 14.5 巡更管理系统.............................................................................................................................217 14.6 停车场管理系统.........................................................................................................................217 14.7 管线敷设.....................................................................................................................................218 14.8 系统控制中心（机房）.............................................................................................................219 15 有线电视和卫星电视..........................................................................................................................221 15.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................221 15.2 有线电视系统设计原则.............................................................................................................221 15.3 接收天线.....................................................................................................................................225 15.4 前端..............................................................................................................................................22 15.5 传输与分配网络.........................................................................................................................227 15.6 卫星电视接收系统、站址的选择.............................................................................................232 15.7 线路敷设.....................................................................................................................................234 15.8 供电、防雷与接地.....................................................................................................................235 16 广播、扩声与会议系统......................................................................................................................237 16.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................237 16.2 广播网络. (237)16.3 扩声网络·····································································································································239 16.4 会议系统·····································································································································242 16.5 设备的选择·································································································································243 16.6 设备的布置·································································································································245 16.7 线路敷设·····································································································································247 16.8 控制室········································································································································248 16.9 电源与接地·································································································································249 17 呼应信号及信息显示··························································································································251 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o17.2 呼应信号的系统组成及设计原则.............................................................................................251 17.3 信息显示装置设计原则.............................................................................................................252 17.4 信息显示装置的控制.................................................................................................................253 17.5 设备选择、线路敷设及机房.....................................................................................................253 17.6 供电、防雷及接地.....................................................................................................................254 17.7 时钟系统.....................................................................................................................................254 18 建筑设备监控系统..............................................................................................................................256 18.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................256 18.2 建筑设备监控系统及构成.........................................................................................................256 18.3 建筑设备监控系统的设计.........................................................................................................262 18.4 制冷系统的监控.........................................................................................................................264 18.5 热交换系统的监控.....................................................................................................................266 18.6 新风机组的监控.........................................................................................................................267 18.7 定风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................268 18.8 变风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................269 18.9 给、排水系统的监控.................................................................................................................270 18.10 室内照明系统的监控...............................................................................................................271 18.11 室外泛光照明及庭院照明的监控...........................................................................................271 18.12 柴油发电机组的监控...............................................................................................................272 18.13 供配电系统的监控...................................................................................................................272 18.14 电梯运行监控...........................................................................................................................273 18.15 管理中心机房设计...................................................................................................................274 19 计算机网络系统..................................................................................................................................277 19.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................277 19.2 设计要素. (277)19.3 网络结构与传输介质的选择·····································································································279 19.4 网络连接部件的配置·················································································································280 19.5 系统软件与网络安全·················································································································281 19.6 广域网连接·································································································································282 19.7 办公建筑·····································································································································284 19.8 公共建筑·····································································································································284 19.9 酒店建筑·····································································································································285 19.10 园区网·······································································································································285 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o。
民用建筑电气设计规范
民用建筑电气设计规范公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-民用建筑电气设计规范中华人民共和国行业标准民用建筑电气设计规范Code for Electrical Design of Civil BuildingsJGJ 16-2008主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院批准部门：中华人民共和国建设部施行日期：2008年8月1日1 住宅（小区）电气设计一般规定本章适用于城镇普通及康居住宅的电气设计，住宅电气设计除应符合本规范外，尚应符合国家现行的有关强制性标准的规定。
普通住宅套型按居住空间个数和使用面积分为一、二、三、四类。
康居住宅分为：基本型（1A）、提高型（2A）、先进型（3A）。
住宅电气设计应与国家同期经济发展水平相适应。
住宅电气设计一般包括：供配电系统；电力、照明系统；火灾自动报警及联动控制系统；安全防范系统；通信网络系统；信息网络系统；建筑设备监控与管理系统；家庭智能控制器；线路敷设及防雷、接地等。
负荷等级住宅楼的负荷等级应遵守本规范第3 章表常用用电负荷分级表的规定，消防电梯、应急照明等消防用电设备的负荷等级应符合消防电源的供电要求。
建筑装修标准高和设有空调系统的高级住宅、19 层及以上普通住宅的消防供电系统应按一级负荷要求设计。
10层至18层的普通住宅的消防供电系统应按二级负荷要求设计。
供配电系统供配电系统设计应符合下列要求：1 住宅小区的10kV供电系统宜采用环网方式。
2 住宅小区的220/380V配电系统，宜采用放射式、树干式、或是二者相结合的方式。
3 住宅小区供电系统宜留有发展的备用回路。
4 住宅小区内重要的集中负荷宜由变电所设专线供电。
5 住宅供电系统的设计，应采用TT、TN-S、TN-C-S接地方式，并进行总等电位联结。
6 每幢住宅的总电源进线断路器，应能同时断开相线和中性线，应具有剩余电流动作保护功能。
剩余电流动作值的选择应符合下列要求：1）当住宅的电源总进线断路器整定值不大于250A 时，断路器的剩余电流动作值宜为300mA。
《民用建筑电气设计规范》08版
前言
根据建设部建标[2002]84 号文的要求，规范编制组在广泛调查研究，认真总结实践经 验，参考有关国际标准，并广泛征求意见基础上，对《民用建筑电气设计规范》JGJ/T16-92 进行了修订。
随着科学技术的发展并结合民用建筑电气设计所涉及的主要技术内容和特点，修订后的 本规范在技术内容上做了相应的调整。取消了室外架空线路、电力设备防雷和声、像节目制 作三章，增加了安全技术防范、综合布线、电磁兼容、电子信息设备机房和住宅（小区）电 气设计五章，对其他各章所涉及的主要技术内容也进行了补充、完善和必要的修改。
m 4 配变电所 ·················································································································································25 o 4.1 一般规定···········································································································································25 .c 4.2 所址选择···········································································································································25 z 4.3 配电变压器选择·······························································································································26 H 4.4 主结线及电器选择···························································································································27 50 4.5 配变电所型式和布置·······················································································································29 n 4.6 10kV 及 35kV 配电装置····················································································································31 .c 4.7 低压配电装置···································································································································34 w 4.8 电力电容器装置·······························································································································35 ww 4.9 对有关专业的要求···························································································································36
民用建筑电气设计规范JGJ16-2008
前言根据建设部建标[2002]84号文的要求，规范编制组在广泛调查研究，认真总结实践经验，参考有关国际标准，并广泛征求意见基础上，对《民用建筑电气设计规范》JGJ/T16-92进行了修订。
随着科学技术的发展并结合民用建筑电气设计所涉及的主要技术内容和特点，修订后的本规范在技术内容上做了相应的调整。
取消了室外架空线路、电力设备防雷和声、像节目制作三章，增加了安全技术防范、综合布线、电磁兼容、电子信息设备机房和住宅（小区）电气设计五章，对其他各章所涉及的主要技术内容也进行了补充、完善和必要的修改。
本规范由建设部建筑设计标准技术归口单位中国建筑标准设计研究所归口管理，授权由主编单位负责具体解释。
本规范主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院（地址：沈阳市和平区光荣街65号，邮政编码：110003）本规范参编单位：中国建筑标准设计研究所中国建筑设计研究院北京市建筑设计研究院上海现代设计集团天津市建筑设计研究院中国建筑西南设计研究院中国建筑西北设计研究院中南建筑设计研究院哈尔滨工业大学广东省建筑设计研究院福建省建筑设计研究院施耐德电气（中国）投资有限公司ABB（中国）投资有限公司广东伟雄集团浙江湖州久立耐火电缆有限公司本规范主要起草人：主编：王金元副主编：洪元颐、温伯银编委：王可崇、王东林、尹秀伟、孙兰、成彦、刘迪先、李雪佩、李炳华李朝栋、汪猛、杨德才、陈汉民、陈建飚、陈众励、施沪生、张文才目 录1 总则.........................................................................................................................................................10 2 术语.........................................................................................................................................................11 3 供配电系统. (15)3.1 一般规定 (15)3.2 负荷分级及供电要求 (15)3.3 电源及10、35kV 供电系统 (18)3.4 电压选择和电能质量 (20)3.5 负荷计算 (21)3.6 无功补偿...........................................................................................................................................23 4 配变电所. (25)4.1 一般规定...........................................................................................................................................25 4.2 所址选择. (25)4.3 配电变压器选择 (26)4.4 主结线及电器选择...........................................................................................................................27 4.5 配变电所型式和布置.. (29)4.6 10kV 及35kV 配电装置 (31)4.7 低压配电装置...................................................................................................................................34 4.8 电力电容器装置...............................................................................................................................35 4.9 对有关专业的要求...........................................................................................................................36 5 继电保护及电气测量..............................................................................................................................38 5.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................38 5.2 继电保护.. (38)5.3 电气测量 (44)5.4 二次回路 (47)5.5 控制方式、所用电源及操作电源.................................................................................................50 6 自备应急电源 (52)6.1 自备应急低压柴油发电机组 (52)6.2 自备应急高压柴油发电机组 (60)6.3 自备燃气轮发电机组 (60)6.4 不间断电源·····································································································································61 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o7.2 低压配电系统 (63)7.3 特低电压（ELV ）配电...................................................................................................................65 7.4 导体选择.. (66)7.5 低压电器的选择 (73)7.6 低压配电线路的保护.....................................................................................................................75 8 配电线路布线系统. (82)8.1 一般规定 (82)8.2 瓷（塑料）线夹、鼓形绝缘子和针式绝缘子布线 (82)8.3 直敷布线 (84)8.4 金属导管布线 (84)8.5 可挠金属电线保护套管布线 (85)8.6 金属线槽布线 (86)8.7 刚性塑料导管（槽）布线.............................................................................................................87 8.8 地面内暗装金属线槽布线. (88)8.9 电力电缆布线 (89)8.10 预制分支电缆布线.......................................................................................................................94 8.11 矿物绝缘（MI ）电缆布线.. (94)8.12 电缆桥架（梯架、托盘）布线 (95)8.13 封闭式母线布线...........................................................................................................................97 8.14 电气竖井内布线...........................................................................................................................97 9 常用设备电气装置..................................................................................................................................99 9.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................99 9.2 电动机............................................................................................................................................99 9.3 传动运输系统. (105)9.4 电梯、自动扶梯和自动人行道 (107)9.5 自动门和电动卷帘门 (109)9.6 舞台用电设备 (110)9.7 医用放射线设备 (113)9.8 体育馆（场）设备·······················································································································116 10 电气照明··············································································································································118 10.1 一般规定·····································································································································118 10.2 照明质量·····································································································································118 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o10.5 照度水平.....................................................................................................................................122 10.6 绿色照明与节能.........................................................................................................................124 10.7 照明供电.....................................................................................................................................124 10.8 各类公共建筑照明设计要求.....................................................................................................126 10.9 建筑景观照明.............................................................................................................................132 11 民用建筑物防雷..................................................................................................................................139 11.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................139 11.2 建筑物的防雷分类.....................................................................................................................139 11.3 第二类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................140 11.4 第三类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................143 11.5 其他防雷保护措施.....................................................................................................................145 11.6 接闪器.........................................................................................................................................146 11.7 引下线.........................................................................................................................................148 11.8 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................149 11.9 防雷击电磁脉冲.........................................................................................................................150 12 接地及安全..........................................................................................................................................155 12.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................155 12.2 低压配电系统的接地型式和基本要求.....................................................................................155 12.3 低压配电系统的防触电保护.....................................................................................................157 12.4 保护接地范围.............................................................................................................................160 12.5 接地要求和接地电阻.................................................................................................................161 12.6 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................163 12.7 通用电力设备及电气设施接地.................................................................................................166 12.8 特殊装置或场所的安全保护.. (172)13 火灾自动报警与联动控制 (182)3.1 一般规定······································································································································182 13.2 系统保护对象分级与保护范围的确定····················································································182 13.3 系统设计····································································································································184 13.4 消防联动控制····························································································································186 13.5 火灾探测器的选择与设置········································································································190 13.6 火灾应急广播····························································································································195 13.7 消防专用电话····························································································································196 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o13.10 导体选择及敷设......................................................................................................................203 13.11 消防值班室与消防控制室......................................................................................................205 13.12 接地..........................................................................................................................................206 14 安全技术防范......................................................................................................................................207 14.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................207 14.2 入侵报警系统.............................................................................................................................208 14.3 视频监控系统.............................................................................................................................211 14.4 出入口控制系统.........................................................................................................................216 14.5 巡更管理系统.............................................................................................................................217 14.6 停车场管理系统.........................................................................................................................217 14.7 管线敷设.....................................................................................................................................218 14.8 系统控制中心（机房）.............................................................................................................219 15 有线电视和卫星电视..........................................................................................................................221 15.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................221 15.2 有线电视系统设计原则.............................................................................................................221 15.3 接收天线.....................................................................................................................................225 15.4 前端..............................................................................................................................................22 15.5 传输与分配网络.........................................................................................................................227 15.6 卫星电视接收系统、站址的选择.............................................................................................232 15.7 线路敷设.....................................................................................................................................234 15.8 供电、防雷与接地.....................................................................................................................235 16 广播、扩声与会议系统......................................................................................................................237 16.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................237 16.2 广播网络. (237)16.3 扩声网络·····································································································································239 16.4 会议系统·····································································································································242 16.5 设备的选择·································································································································243 16.6 设备的布置·································································································································245 16.7 线路敷设·····································································································································247 16.8 控制室········································································································································248 16.9 电源与接地·································································································································249 17 呼应信号及信息显示··························································································································251 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o17.2 呼应信号的系统组成及设计原则.............................................................................................251 17.3 信息显示装置设计原则.............................................................................................................252 17.4 信息显示装置的控制.................................................................................................................253 17.5 设备选择、线路敷设及机房.....................................................................................................253 17.6 供电、防雷及接地.....................................................................................................................254 17.7 时钟系统.....................................................................................................................................254 18 建筑设备监控系统..............................................................................................................................256 18.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................256 18.2 建筑设备监控系统及构成.........................................................................................................256 18.3 建筑设备监控系统的设计.........................................................................................................262 18.4 制冷系统的监控.........................................................................................................................264 18.5 热交换系统的监控.....................................................................................................................266 18.6 新风机组的监控.........................................................................................................................267 18.7 定风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................268 18.8 变风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................269 18.9 给、排水系统的监控.................................................................................................................270 18.10 室内照明系统的监控...............................................................................................................271 18.11 室外泛光照明及庭院照明的监控...........................................................................................271 18.12 柴油发电机组的监控...............................................................................................................272 18.13 供配电系统的监控...................................................................................................................272 18.14 电梯运行监控...........................................................................................................................273 18.15 管理中心机房设计...................................................................................................................274 19 计算机网络系统..................................................................................................................................277 19.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................277 19.2 设计要素. (277)19.3 网络结构与传输介质的选择·····································································································279 19.4 网络连接部件的配置·················································································································280 19.5 系统软件与网络安全·················································································································281 19.6 广域网连接·································································································································282 19.7 办公建筑·····································································································································284 19.8 公共建筑·····································································································································284 19.9 酒店建筑·····································································································································285 19.10 园区网·······································································································································285 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o。
漏电保护器民用建筑物电气设计
漏电保护器民用建筑物电气设计漏电保护器（RCD）在我国应用已多年，积累了很多经验。
但是在中小型民用建筑物，特别是住宅的电气设计中，应用尚不够重视。
因为强制性国家标准《住宅设计规范》（GB50096-1999）自1999年6月1日起实施，进一步强调了居民用电的安全性和可靠性。
因此，我们应重视中小型民用建筑物供配电线路设计中对漏电的保护。
一、安装漏电保护器的必要性接地故障（接地短路）有金属性和电弧性两种形式。
故障点熔焊，故障点阻抗可忽略不计的接地故障为金属性接地故障。
这时设备外壳对地故障电压Uf为PEN线和PE线上电压降之和△UUf=△U=Id(ZPEN+ZPE）=（ZPEN+ZPE）U0/Zs=U0(ZPEN+ZPE)/ZL+ZPEN+ZPE式中Id——接地故障电流（A）；U0——相电压（220V）；ZL、ZPEN、ZPE——各为相线、PEN线、PE线阻抗(Ω)ZS——接地故障回路总阻抗(Ω)计算中忽略了变压器阻抗。
如果相线和PEN线截面相同，则ZPEN+ZPE=ZLUf=0.5U0=110V考虑建筑物内等电位联结减少触电压的作用，按IEC61200-413间接接触防护-自动切断电源）标准，一般情况下，可减少约20%的接触电压，则接触电压UC为：UC=0.8Uf=0.8*110=88V>50V;此UC足以引起人身电击事故。
因此，金属性接地故障能使设备外壳带危险接触电压，其主要后果是人身电击。
当故障电流Id充足大时，回路首端的过流保护器（断路器、熔断器）也能瞬间动作，避免事故的发生。
但Id值不仅与线路截面、长度相关，也与线路连接质量、布线方式以及维护管理水平等难以估量的因素相关，所以靠过流保护电源并不可靠。
这就是不论TT系统还是TN系统，要求在手握式、移动式设备供电的插座回路上必须安装额定动作电流I△n大于30mA的瞬动漏电保护器的原因所在。
发生接地故障时，故障点不熔焊而是产生电弧、电火花（密集的电火花即是电弧）的接地故障为电弧性接地故障，如图2所示。
民用建筑电气设计规范
民用建筑电气设计规范1. 引言民用建筑电气设计规范是为了确保民用建筑的电气系统安全可靠、高效节能而制定的。
本文档旨在指导工程师和设计师在进行民用建筑电气设计时遵循的标准和要求。
2. 适用范围本规范适用于各类民用建筑的电气设计，包括住宅、商业、办公楼等。
3. 设计原则3.1 安全可靠电气设计应符合国家安全规范，确保电气系统能够正常、稳定并安全运行。
设备选择和线路布置应在满足建筑用电需求的基础上，考虑预防火灾、电击和短路等风险。
3.2 高效节能电气系统应设计为高效节能的，减少能源的浪费和环境的污染。
应优先选择高效节能的电气设备和照明系统，并合理规划用电负荷，避免过度供电或能耗过高。
3.3 灵活可扩展电气系统应具有灵活的设计和可扩展性，以适应未来的建筑用电需求的变化。
应合理规划电气回路和配电箱的布置，确保供电稳定且易于维护。
4. 设计流程4.1 电气负荷计算根据建筑类型、用途和面积等因素，进行电气负荷计算，确定总负荷和各个分支回路的负荷。
4.2 配电系统设计根据负载需求，设计合理的配电系统，包括主电源、配电箱、分支电路和电缆布置等。
4.3 照明设计根据建筑的功能和用途，进行照明设计。
应选择合适的照明设备、光源和控制系统，以提供舒适的照明效果并节能。
4.4 接地设计进行安全接地设计，确保电气系统的接地电阻符合国际标准，以提供良好的接地保护和防止电击风险。
4.5 保护与安全设计设计电气系统的过载保护、短路保护和漏电保护等装置，确保设备和人员的安全。
5. 设备选型与布置5.1 开关与插座选型应选择符合国家电气标准的开关和插座，具有良好的耐用性和安全性能。
5.2 线缆选型与敷设根据负荷需求和环境条件选择合适的线缆，并注意线缆的敷设和保护，以减少电气故障的风险。
5.3 配电箱布置配电箱应布置在易于维护和操作的位置，避免暴露在直接阳光照射或高温潮湿环境下。
5.4 照明设备和光源选择根据照明需求和要求选择合适的照明设备和光源，注意光源的光效和色温，以满足舒适的照明效果和节能要求。
民用建筑电气设计规范JGJ16-2008
前言根据建设部建标[2002]84号文的要求，规范编制组在广泛调查研究，认真总结实践经验，参考有关国际标准，并广泛征求意见基础上，对《民用建筑电气设计规范》JGJ/T16-92进行了修订。
随着科学技术的发展并结合民用建筑电气设计所涉及的主要技术内容和特点，修订后的本规范在技术内容上做了相应的调整。
取消了室外架空线路、电力设备防雷和声、像节目制作三章，增加了安全技术防范、综合布线、电磁兼容、电子信息设备机房和住宅（小区）电气设计五章，对其他各章所涉及的主要技术内容也进行了补充、完善和必要的修改。
本规范由建设部建筑设计标准技术归口单位中国建筑标准设计研究所归口管理，授权由主编单位负责具体解释。
本规范主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院（地址：沈阳市和平区光荣街65号，邮政编码：110003）本规范参编单位：中国建筑标准设计研究所中国建筑设计研究院北京市建筑设计研究院上海现代设计集团天津市建筑设计研究院中国建筑西南设计研究院中国建筑西北设计研究院中南建筑设计研究院哈尔滨工业大学广东省建筑设计研究院福建省建筑设计研究院施耐德电气（中国）投资有限公司ABB（中国）投资有限公司广东伟雄集团浙江湖州久立耐火电缆有限公司本规范主要起草人：主编：王金元副主编：洪元颐、温伯银编委：王可崇、王东林、尹秀伟、孙兰、成彦、刘迪先、李雪佩、李炳华李朝栋、汪猛、杨德才、陈汉民、陈建飚、陈众励、施沪生、张文才目 录1 总则.........................................................................................................................................................10 2 术语.........................................................................................................................................................11 3 供配电系统. (15)3.1 一般规定 (15)3.2 负荷分级及供电要求 (15)3.3 电源及10、35kV 供电系统 (18)3.4 电压选择和电能质量 (20)3.5 负荷计算 (21)3.6 无功补偿...........................................................................................................................................23 4 配变电所. (25)4.1 一般规定...........................................................................................................................................25 4.2 所址选择. (25)4.3 配电变压器选择 (26)4.4 主结线及电器选择...........................................................................................................................27 4.5 配变电所型式和布置.. (29)4.6 10kV 及35kV 配电装置 (31)4.7 低压配电装置...................................................................................................................................34 4.8 电力电容器装置...............................................................................................................................35 4.9 对有关专业的要求...........................................................................................................................36 5 继电保护及电气测量..............................................................................................................................38 5.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................38 5.2 继电保护.. (38)5.3 电气测量 (44)5.4 二次回路 (47)5.5 控制方式、所用电源及操作电源.................................................................................................50 6 自备应急电源 (52)6.1 自备应急低压柴油发电机组 (52)6.2 自备应急高压柴油发电机组 (60)6.3 自备燃气轮发电机组 (60)6.4 不间断电源·····································································································································61 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o7.2 低压配电系统 (63)7.3 特低电压（ELV ）配电...................................................................................................................65 7.4 导体选择.. (66)7.5 低压电器的选择 (73)7.6 低压配电线路的保护.....................................................................................................................75 8 配电线路布线系统. (82)8.1 一般规定 (82)8.2 瓷（塑料）线夹、鼓形绝缘子和针式绝缘子布线 (82)8.3 直敷布线 (84)8.4 金属导管布线 (84)8.5 可挠金属电线保护套管布线 (85)8.6 金属线槽布线 (86)8.7 刚性塑料导管（槽）布线.............................................................................................................87 8.8 地面内暗装金属线槽布线. (88)8.9 电力电缆布线 (89)8.10 预制分支电缆布线.......................................................................................................................94 8.11 矿物绝缘（MI ）电缆布线.. (94)8.12 电缆桥架（梯架、托盘）布线 (95)8.13 封闭式母线布线...........................................................................................................................97 8.14 电气竖井内布线...........................................................................................................................97 9 常用设备电气装置..................................................................................................................................99 9.1 一般规定.........................................................................................................................................99 9.2 电动机............................................................................................................................................99 9.3 传动运输系统. (105)9.4 电梯、自动扶梯和自动人行道 (107)9.5 自动门和电动卷帘门 (109)9.6 舞台用电设备 (110)9.7 医用放射线设备 (113)9.8 体育馆（场）设备·······················································································································116 10 电气照明··············································································································································118 10.1 一般规定·····································································································································118 10.2 照明质量·····································································································································118 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o10.5 照度水平.....................................................................................................................................122 10.6 绿色照明与节能.........................................................................................................................124 10.7 照明供电.....................................................................................................................................124 10.8 各类公共建筑照明设计要求.....................................................................................................126 10.9 建筑景观照明.............................................................................................................................132 11 民用建筑物防雷..................................................................................................................................139 11.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................139 11.2 建筑物的防雷分类.....................................................................................................................139 11.3 第二类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................140 11.4 第三类防雷建筑物的防雷措施.................................................................................................143 11.5 其他防雷保护措施.....................................................................................................................145 11.6 接闪器.........................................................................................................................................146 11.7 引下线.........................................................................................................................................148 11.8 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................149 11.9 防雷击电磁脉冲.........................................................................................................................150 12 接地及安全..........................................................................................................................................155 12.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................155 12.2 低压配电系统的接地型式和基本要求.....................................................................................155 12.3 低压配电系统的防触电保护.....................................................................................................157 12.4 保护接地范围.............................................................................................................................160 12.5 接地要求和接地电阻.................................................................................................................161 12.6 接地装置.....................................................................................................................................163 12.7 通用电力设备及电气设施接地.................................................................................................166 12.8 特殊装置或场所的安全保护.. (172)13 火灾自动报警与联动控制 (182)3.1 一般规定······································································································································182 13.2 系统保护对象分级与保护范围的确定····················································································182 13.3 系统设计····································································································································184 13.4 消防联动控制····························································································································186 13.5 火灾探测器的选择与设置········································································································190 13.6 火灾应急广播····························································································································195 13.7 消防专用电话····························································································································196 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o13.10 导体选择及敷设......................................................................................................................203 13.11 消防值班室与消防控制室......................................................................................................205 13.12 接地..........................................................................................................................................206 14 安全技术防范......................................................................................................................................207 14.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................207 14.2 入侵报警系统.............................................................................................................................208 14.3 视频监控系统.............................................................................................................................211 14.4 出入口控制系统.........................................................................................................................216 14.5 巡更管理系统.............................................................................................................................217 14.6 停车场管理系统.........................................................................................................................217 14.7 管线敷设.....................................................................................................................................218 14.8 系统控制中心（机房）.............................................................................................................219 15 有线电视和卫星电视..........................................................................................................................221 15.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................221 15.2 有线电视系统设计原则.............................................................................................................221 15.3 接收天线.....................................................................................................................................225 15.4 前端..............................................................................................................................................22 15.5 传输与分配网络.........................................................................................................................227 15.6 卫星电视接收系统、站址的选择.............................................................................................232 15.7 线路敷设.....................................................................................................................................234 15.8 供电、防雷与接地.....................................................................................................................235 16 广播、扩声与会议系统......................................................................................................................237 16.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................237 16.2 广播网络. (237)16.3 扩声网络·····································································································································239 16.4 会议系统·····································································································································242 16.5 设备的选择·································································································································243 16.6 设备的布置·································································································································245 16.7 线路敷设·····································································································································247 16.8 控制室········································································································································248 16.9 电源与接地·································································································································249 17 呼应信号及信息显示··························································································································251 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o17.2 呼应信号的系统组成及设计原则.............................................................................................251 17.3 信息显示装置设计原则.............................................................................................................252 17.4 信息显示装置的控制.................................................................................................................253 17.5 设备选择、线路敷设及机房.....................................................................................................253 17.6 供电、防雷及接地.....................................................................................................................254 17.7 时钟系统.....................................................................................................................................254 18 建筑设备监控系统..............................................................................................................................256 18.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................256 18.2 建筑设备监控系统及构成.........................................................................................................256 18.3 建筑设备监控系统的设计.........................................................................................................262 18.4 制冷系统的监控.........................................................................................................................264 18.5 热交换系统的监控.....................................................................................................................266 18.6 新风机组的监控.........................................................................................................................267 18.7 定风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................268 18.8 变风量空调机组的监控.............................................................................................................269 18.9 给、排水系统的监控.................................................................................................................270 18.10 室内照明系统的监控...............................................................................................................271 18.11 室外泛光照明及庭院照明的监控...........................................................................................271 18.12 柴油发电机组的监控...............................................................................................................272 18.13 供配电系统的监控...................................................................................................................272 18.14 电梯运行监控...........................................................................................................................273 18.15 管理中心机房设计...................................................................................................................274 19 计算机网络系统..................................................................................................................................277 19.1 一般规定.....................................................................................................................................277 19.2 设计要素. (277)19.3 网络结构与传输介质的选择·····································································································279 19.4 网络连接部件的配置·················································································································280 19.5 系统软件与网络安全·················································································································281 19.6 广域网连接·································································································································282 19.7 办公建筑·····································································································································284 19.8 公共建筑·····································································································································284 19.9 酒店建筑·····································································································································285 19.10 园区网·······································································································································285 w w w .w w w .51z b z .c o。
JGJ／T16-2008民用建筑电气设计规范
4
配变电所 ·················································································································································25 4.1 一般规定···········································································································································25 4.2 所址选择···········································································································································25 4.3 配电变压器选择·······························································································································26 4.4 主结线及电器选择···························································································································27 4.5 配变电所型式和布置·······················································································································29 4.6 10kV 及 35kV 配电装置····················································································································31 4.7 低压配电装置···································································································································34 4.8 电力电容器装置·······························································································································35 4.9 对有关专业的要求···························································································································36
漏电保护器在民用建筑物电气设计中应用
漏电保护器在民用建筑物电气设计中应用摘要：建筑物电气设计过程中必须做好漏电保护工作，通过灵活选择漏电保护装置并做好接地来满足建筑电气设计的规范要求及安全需要。
管理人员应根据具体项目特点来调整漏电保护安装形式，这样才能保障漏电保护范围与建筑项目范围相匹配，继而保障人员的安全，避免设计人员在缺乏漏电保护的环境中工作，降低出现电路击穿、火灾等问题的几率，推动建筑电气设计的安全性、高效性。
关键词：漏电保护器（RCD）；民用建筑物；电气设计；应用1漏电保护技术应用的基本原理建筑电气回路设置过程中，需要安装漏电保护装置，以此来实现实时保护电力运行的目的。
特别是在建筑电气设计过程中，其设备连接形式和设备质量问题等都可能诱发漏电问题，影响人员生命安全。
通过安装漏电保护装备和地下保护装置，可以提高电气设备的运行稳定性，减少过电流和过电压对电气设备的影响，降低出现电击事故的发生频率。
通过在电气回路中安装漏电保护装置，当回路中的电流达到某一峰值之后，就会触发漏电保护设备反应并切断电路，可以避免过高电流对电气回路和人员的安全造成影响。
当前建筑应用的漏电保护器主要包括检测元器件、中级放大环节装置和执行操作部件三个部分。
检测元器件由铁芯和相关部件组成，可以实时监测回路中的电流运行状态，并实现电流信号的传输，中级环节可以进一步放大信号并对其进行转换，依托执行操作部件完成相应操作。
这样一来，在电气线路中的电压和电流出现异常变化并达到相应峰值时，漏电保护器就会通过动作切断电源，切实保护建筑电器设计安全。
建筑电气使用过程中，设计人员需要结合建筑电器使用方向和未来扩容需求来开展电路设计工作，以此来满足不同用电设备的电力传输和供电需要。
而电力设计过程中，由于其技术难度较大，且存在一定的风险，设计人员要结合建筑设计要点，及时寻求与其他工种的灵活配合，并按照电气安全标准，就各种电器设备和电路元器件可能存在的漏电风险进行分析，在此基础上确定安全方案，以此来快速发现建筑电气设计过程中存在的漏电风险，避免诱发火灾及人身安全问题。
民用建筑电气设计规范(0001)
民用建筑电气设计规范民用建筑电气设计规范中华人民共和国行业标准民用建筑电气设计规范Code for Electrical Design of Civil BuildingsJGJ 16-2008主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院批准部门：中华人民共和国建设部施行日期：2008年8月1日1 住宅（小区）电气设计1.1 一般规定1.1.1 本章适用于城镇普通及康居住宅的电气设计，住宅电气设计除应符合本规范外，尚应符合国家现行的有关强制性标准的规定。
1.1.2 普通住宅套型按居住空间个数和使用面积分为一、二、三、四类。
1.1.3 康居住宅分为：基本型（1A）、提高型（2A）、先进型（3A）。
1.1.4 住宅电气设计应与国家同期经济发展水平相适应。
1.1.5 住宅电气设计一般包括：供配电系统；电力、照明系统；火灾自动报警及联动控制系统；安全防范系统；通信网络系统；信息网络系统；建筑设备监控与管理系统；家庭智能控制器；线路敷设及防雷、接地等。
1.2 负荷等级1.2.1 住宅楼的负荷等级应遵守本规范第3 章表3.2.2 常用用电负荷分级表的规定，消防电梯、应急照明等消防用电设备的负荷等级应符合消防电源的供电要求。
1.2.2 建筑装修标准高和设有空调系统的高级住宅、19 层及以上普通住宅的消防供电系统应按一级负荷要求设计。
1.2.3 10层至18层的普通住宅的消防供电系统应按二级负荷要求设计。
1.3 供配电系统1.3.1 供配电系统设计应符合下列要求：1 住宅小区的10kV供电系统宜采用环网方式。
2 住宅小区的220/380V配电系统，宜采用放射式、树干式、或是二者相结合的方式。
3 住宅小区供电系统宜留有发展的备用回路。
4 住宅小区内重要的集中负荷宜由变电所设专线供电。
5 住宅供电系统的设计，应采用TT、TN-S、TN-C-S接地方式，并进行总等电位联结。
6 每幢住宅的总电源进线断路器，应能同时断开相线和中性线，应具有剩余电流动作保护功能。
民用建筑电气设计规范
民用建筑电气设计规范1. 引言本文档旨在制定民用建筑电气设计规范，以确保电气系统的安全性、可靠性和高效性。
本规范适用于民用建筑的电气设计及施工，包括住宅、商业建筑、办公楼等。
2. 设计原则2.1 安全性原则 - 电气设计应符合国家相关安全标准和法规要求。
- 设计中应考虑电气系统的短路、过载和漏电保护措施，以确保人身和设备的安全。
2.2 可靠性原则 - 电气设计应保证系统的稳定可靠运行，减少因电力故障造成的停电时间。
- 电气系统应具备备用供电和排除故障的手段，确保连续供电。
2.3 高效性原则 - 电气设计应合理利用能源，提高能源利用效率。
- 设计中应考虑节能措施，如采用高效照明设备、智能控制系统等。
3. 设计要求3.1 电气负荷计算 - 根据建筑用途和平均负荷需求计算电气负荷。
- 考虑到负荷稳定性和未来扩展需求，合理预留负荷余量。
3.2 电源配电系统 - 采用合适的电源配电系统，包括主干配电、支路配电和照明配电系统。
- 主干配电系统应具备双进线供电功能，确保无单点故障。
- 支路配电系统应根据负荷需求合理划分电路，并安装过载和短路保护设备。
- 照明配电系统应考虑使用高效节能灯具和照明控制系统。
3.3 接地系统 - 设计合适的接地系统，确保电气设备和建筑物的安全接地。
- 接地电阻应符合国家标准，并定期进行检测和维护。
3.4 防雷系统 - 根据建筑物高度和暴雷频率，配置适当的防雷系统。
- 防雷系统应包括避雷针、接闪器等设备，确保建筑物及内部设备免受雷击。
3.5 照明设计 - 合理规划照明布局，满足不同房间和活动场所的照明需求。
- 选择适当的照明设备和光源，提高照明效果和节能性。
3.6 系统监控与安全 - 采用合适的电气监控系统，实时监测电气设备的运行状态和能耗。
- 建立安全检测和报警机制，确保及时排除潜在故障和安全隐患。
4. 施工与验收4.1 施工要求 - 施工人员应具备相关电气工程技术资质，按照设计文件和国家标准进行安装和接线。
jgj162008民用建筑电气设计规范.doc
jgj162008民用建筑电气设计规范《jgj162008民用建筑电气设计规范》本规范由建设部标准定额研究所组织中国建筑工业出版社出版发行。
以下是中国下面整理相关jgj16-2008民用建筑电气设计规范内容：《jgj162008民用建筑电气设计规范》基本简介：《jgj162008民用建筑电气设计规范》本规范的主要技术内容是：1.总则；2.术语、代号；3.供配电系统；4.配变电所；5.继电保护及电气测量；6.自备应急电源；7.低压配电；8.配电线路布线系统；9.常用设备电气装置；10.电气照明；11.民用建筑物防雷；12.接地和特殊场所的安全防护；13.火灾自动报警系统；14.安全技术防范系统；15.有线电视和卫星电视接收系统；16.广播、扩声与会议系统；17.呼应信号及信息显示；18.建筑设备监控系统；19.计算机网络系统；20.通信网络系统；21.综合布线系统；22.电磁兼容与电磁环境卫生；23.电子信息设备机房；24.锅炉房热工检测与控制。
其中民用建筑电气规范中总则的基本内容如下：其中继电保护及电气测量的基本内容如下：5继电保护及电气测量5.1一般规定5.1.1本章适用于民用建筑中10(6)kV电力设备和线路的继电保护及电气测量。
5.1.2继电保护装置应满足可靠性、选择性、灵敏性和速动性的要求。
5.1.3重要的配变电所可根据需求采用智能化保护装置或变电所综合自动化系统。
5.1.4继电保护及电气测量的设计除符合本规范外，尚应符合现行国家标准《电力装置的继电保护和自动装置设计规范》GB50062和《电力装置的电气测量仪表装置设计规范》GB50063的有关规定。
5.2继电保护5.2.1继电保护设计应符合下列规定：1电力设备和线路应装设短路故障和异常运行保护装置。
电力设备和线路短路故障的保护应有主保护和后备保护，必要时可增设辅助保护。
2继电保护装置的接线应简单可靠，并应具有必要的检测、闭锁等措施。
保护装置应便于整定、调试和运行维护。
民用建筑电气设计规范条文说明2008
民用建筑电气设计规范〔条文说明20081 总则1. 0．1 本条阐述了编制本规范的目的,规定了民用建筑电气设计必须遵循的基本原则和应达到的基本要求。
民用建筑电气设计不仅涉及很多领域的专业技术问题,而且要体现国家的基本方针和政策。
因此,设计中必须认真贯彻执行国家的方针、政策。
针对不同的工程项目,保证电气设施运行安全可靠、经济合理、技术先进、维护管理方便这些基本要求,是设计中必须遵守的准则；而注意整体美观,则是民用建筑设计的固有特性所决定的,也是不可忽视的重要方面。
1．0．2 本条规定了本规范的适用范围。
对于人防工程、燃气加压站、汽车加油站的电气设计,由于工程具有特殊性,涉及的技术内容并非民用建筑电气设计规范所能界定的。
因此,将上述工程列入不适用范围。
1．0．3 防治污染、保护生态环境是我国的一项重要国策。
随着国家经济快速发展,人们生活水平不断提高,对良好生态环境、人居环境的追求已经成为提高生活水平和生活质量的重要组成部分。
本规范倡导以人为本的设计理念,重视电磁污染及声、光污染,采取综合治理措施,确保人居环境的安全,无疑是落实国家政策的重要一环。
1．0．4 民用建筑电气设计涉及的技术标准种类繁多,根据不同的工程对象,恰如其分地采用技术标准和装备水平,使其与工程的功能、性质相适应是建筑电气设计的重要环节,处理好这一问题实属关键。
1．0．5 节能是一项重要的国策。
单立此条的目的,在于强调设计中要从各方面积极采用和推广成熟、有效的节能措施,配合国家发展和改革委员会推出《节能中长期专项规划》的落实,努力降低电能消耗。
1．0．6 此条规定是保证设计质量的有效措施。
民用建筑电气设计事关人身、财产安全,如果不能杜绝已被国家淘汰的和不符合国家技术标准的劣质产品在工程上应用,无疑将给工程埋下隐患。
因此,条文中采用"严禁使用"来确保产品质量。
1．0．7 近年来,建筑电气领域的新产品、新系统层出不穷,从理论到实践都需积累经验,不断去粗取精,尤其向国际标准靠拢更应结合国情,不能一概照搬。
JGJ162008《民用建筑设计电气设计规范》.doc
《民用建筑电气设计规范》JGJ16-20083 供配电系统3.2负荷分级及供电要求3.2.8条：一级负荷应由两个电源供电，当一个电源发生故障时，另一个电源不应同时受到损坏。
（第十页）3.3电源及供配电系统3.3.2条：应急电源与正常电源之间必须采取防止并列运行的措施。
（第11页）4 配变电所4.3配电变压器选择4.3.5条：设置在民用建筑中的变压器，应选择干式、气体绝缘或非可燃性液体绝缘的变压器。
当单台变压器油量为100kg及以上时，应设置单独的变压器室。
（第17-18页）4.7低压配电装置4.7.3条：当成排布置的配电屏长度大于6m时，屏后面的通道应设有两个出口。
当出口之间的距离大于15m时，应增加出口。
（第24页）4.9 对土建专业的要求4.9.1条：可燃油油浸电力变压器的耐火等级应为一级。
非燃或难燃介质的电力变压器室、电压为10（6）kV的配电装置室和电容器室的耐火等级不应低于二级。
低压配电装置室和电容器室的耐火等级不应低于三级。
（第25页）4.9.2条：配变电所的门应为防火门，并应负荷下列规定：1 变配电所位于高层主体建筑（或裙房）内时，通向其他相邻房间的门应为甲级防火门，通向过道的门应为乙级防火门；2 变配电所位于多层建筑物的二层或更高层时，通向其他相邻房间的门应为甲级防火门，通向过道的门应为乙级防火门；3 变配电所位于多层建筑的一层时，通向相邻房间或过道的门应为乙级防火门；4 变配电所位于地下一层或下面有地下层时，通向相邻房间或过道的门应为甲级防火门；5 变配电所附近堆有易燃物品或通向汽车库的门应为甲级防火门；6 变配电所直接通向室外的门应为丙级防火门。
（第25页）7 低压配电7.4导体选择7.4.2条：低压配电导体截面的选择应符合下列要求：1）按敷设方式、环境条件确定的导体截面，其导体载流量不应小于预期负荷的最大计算电流和按保护条件所确定的电流；2）线路电压损失不应超过允许值；3）导体最小截面应满足机械强度的要求，配电线路每一相导体截面不应小于表7.4.2的规定。
民用建筑电气设计规范
民用建筑电气设计规范中华人民共和国行业标准民用建筑电气设计规范Code for Electrical Design of Civil BuildingsJGJ 16-2008主编单位：中国建筑东北设计研究院批准部门：中华人民共和国建设部施行日期：2008年8月1日1 住宅（小区）电气设计1.1 一般规定1.1.1 本章适用于城镇普通及康居住宅的电气设计，住宅电气设计除应符合本规范外，尚应符合国家现行的有关强制性标准的规定。
1.1.2 普通住宅套型按居住空间个数和使用面积分为一、二、三、四类。
1.1.3 康居住宅分为：基本型（1A）、提高型（2A）、先进型（3A）。
1.1.4 住宅电气设计应与国家同期经济发展水平相适应。
1.1.5 住宅电气设计一般包括：供配电系统；电力、照明系统；火灾自动报警及联动控制系统；安全防范系统；通信网络系统；信息网络系统；建筑设备监控与管理系统；家庭智能控制器；线路敷设及防雷、接地等。
1.2 负荷等级1.2.1 住宅楼的负荷等级应遵守本规范第3 章表3.2.2 常用用电负荷分级表的规定，消防电梯、应急照明等消防用电设备的负荷等级应符合消防电源的供电要求。
1.2.2 建筑装修标准高和设有空调系统的高级住宅、19 层及以上普通住宅的消防供电系统应按一级负荷要求设计。
1.2.3 10层至18层的普通住宅的消防供电系统应按二级负荷要求设计。
1.3 供配电系统1.3.1 供配电系统设计应符合下列要求：1 住宅小区的10kV供电系统宜采用环网方式。
2 住宅小区的220/380V配电系统，宜采用放射式、树干式、或是二者相结合的方式。
3 住宅小区供电系统宜留有发展的备用回路。
4 住宅小区内重要的集中负荷宜由变电所设专线供电。
5 住宅供电系统的设计，应采用TT、TN-S、TN-C-S接地方式，并进行总等电位联结。
6 每幢住宅的总电源进线断路器，应能同时断开相线和中性线，应具有剩余电流动作保护功能。
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中华人民共和国行业标准
民用建筑电气设计规范
Code for Electrical Design of Civil Buildings
JGJ 16-2008
J 778-2008
批准部门：中华人民共和国建设部
施行日期：2008年8月1日
中华人民共和国建设部
公告
第800号
现批准《民用建筑电气设计规范》为行业标准，编号为JGJ16－2008，自2008年8月1日起实施。
其中，第3．2．8、3．3．2、4．3．5、4．7．3、4．9．1、4．9．2、7．4．2、7．4．6、7．5．2、7．6．2、7．6．4、7．7．5、11．1．7、11．2．3、11．2．4、11．6．1、11．8．9、11．9．5、12．2．3、12．2．6、12．3．4、12．5．2、12．5．4、12．6．2、14．9．4条为强制性条文，必须严格执行。
原行业标准《民用建筑电气设计规范》JGJ／T16－92同时废止。
本规范由建设部标准定额研究所组织中国建筑工业出版社出版发行。
中华人民共和国建设部
2008年1月31日
13．12 防火剩余电流动作报警系统
13．12．1 为防范电气火灾，下列民用建筑物的配电线路设置防火剩余电流动作报警系统时，应符合下列规定：
1 火灾自动报警系统保护对象分级为特级的建筑物的配电线路，应设置防火剩余电流动作报警系统；
2 除住宅外，火灾自动报警系统保护对象分级为一级的建筑物的配电线路，宜设置防火剩余电流动作报警系统。
13．12．2 火灾自动报警系统保护对象分级为二级的建筑物或住宅，应设接地故障报警并应符合本规范第7．6．5条的规定。
13．12．3 采用独立型剩余电流动作报警器且点数较少时，可自行组成系统亦可采用编码模块接人火灾自动报警系统。
报警点位号在火灾报警器上显示应区别于火灾探测器编号。
13．12．4 当采用剩余电流互感器型探测器或总线形剩余电流动作报警器组成较大系统时，应采用总线式报警系统。
当建筑物的防火要求很高时，也可采用电气火灾监控系统。
13. 12．5剩余电流检测点宜设置在楼层配电箱(配电系统第二级开关)进线处，当回路容量较小线路较短时，宜设在变电所低压柜的出线端。
13．12．6防火剩余电流动作报警值宜为500mA。
当回路的自然漏电流较大，500mA不能满足测量要求时，宜采用门槛电平连续可调的剩余电流动作报警器或分段报警方式抵消自然泄漏电流的影响。
13．12．7剩余电流火灾报警系统的控制器应安装在建筑物的消防控制室或值班室内，宜由消防控制室或值班室统一管理。
13．12．8 防火剩余电流动作报警系统的导线选择、线路敷设、供电电源及接地，应与火灾自动报警系统要求相同。
----------------------条文说明----------------- 13．12 防火剩余电流动作报警系统
13．12．1 本节应用范围是依据《火灾自动报警系统设计规范》GB 50116—98系统保护对象分级界定的。
因为，不管是火灾自动报警系统，还是防火剩余电流动作报警系统，其作用都是对建筑物内火灾进行早期预防和报警，性质是相同的。
因此，防火剩余电流动作报警系统的保护对象分级也应根据其使用性质、火灾危险性、疏散和扑救难度等分级。
第1款由于特级保护对象的建筑物，不管发生什么性质的火灾，其危险性、疏散和扑救难度以及造成的损失都是难以估量的。
因此，本规范对执行程度用词为“应”设置。
第2款因为一级保护对象较特级保护对象的建筑物从疏散和扑救难度上来讲要容易一些，因此，本规范对执行程度用词为”宜”设置。
13. 12．2由于二级保护对象建筑物的体量相对较小，配电回路不多，剩余电流
的检测点较少，如设置防火剩余电流动作报警系统，则投资性价比不高。
因此，建议根据本规范第7．6．5条的规定装设独立型防火剩余电流动作报警器。
13. 12. 3当二级保护对象建筑物采用独立型防火剩余电流动作报警时，如有集中监视要求，可利用火灾自动报警系统的编码被模块与其连接组成一个系统。
另外，一些产品制造商为了适应市场需求，研发了16点的小型防火剩余电流动作集中报警器，也是二级保护对象建筑物如有集中监视要求时的一个选项。
13. 12. 4此条规定的目的有两个：一是在大中型系统设计中推广使用总线制技术，简化设计，减少设计难度。
二是推广成熟的新技术，避免技术落后和布线复杂的多线制系统再现。
13．12．5、13．12．6在防火剩余电流动作报警系统设计中，检测点的设置至关重要。
如设计得不合理，误报率将很高。
通常检测点的设置要考虑两个问题：一是配电回路的自然漏流对测量的影响和自然漏流波动对测量的影响。
二是电气火灾易发生的部位。
对自然漏流的影响应采取措施尽量抵消，方法一是将检测点设置在负荷侧，干线部分的自然漏流对测量没有影响。
方法二是将监测点设置在电源侧，采用下限连续可调的剩余电流动作报警器抵消自然漏流的影响。
但这种方法在容量较大、线路较长及自然漏流波动较大的配电回路中也不宜采用。
最好还是将检测点设置在负荷侧。
从电气火灾发生的部位来看，负荷侧发生的火灾概率远大于电源侧，在不能两全的情况下，还是将检测点设置在负荷侧为宜。
防火剩余电流动作报警值500mA是现行国际电工委员会IEC标准的规定。
由于配电线路的分布电容是和线路容量、线路长短、敷设方式与空气湿度等有关，如果自然漏流波动较大，为了减少误报，建议检测点安装在配电系统第二级开关进线处(楼层配电箱进线处)。
防火剩余电流动作报警系统是最近出现的新技术，对于它的设计选用及安装尚无据可依。
本规范首次将其列入规范，但可能有不完善之处，还需在实际应用中积累经验，逐步完善。
13．12．7关于剩余电流火灾报警控制器的安装，国内有两种观点：一是将其安装于消防控制室，二是将其安装于变电所。
安装在消防控制室的理由是该系统也是火灾报警系统，且消防控制室在24h内均有人值班，便于维护和管理。
安装于变电所内的理由是该系统监测的是配电线路的接地故障，一但出现问题值班人员可以马上处理。
从上述看二者各有其理。
但从工程实际情况看，很多变电所无人值班或非24h 值班。
因此，本规范规定将其安装于消防控制室。
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另外还有：
7．6．7 建筑物的电源进线或配电干线分支处的接地故障报警应符合下列规定：
1 住宅、公寓等居住建筑应设置剩余电流动作报警器；
2 医院及疗养院，影、剧院等大型娱乐场所，图书馆、博物馆、美术馆等大型文化场所，商场、超市等大型场所及地下汽车停车场等宜设置剩余电流动作报警器。