研究生英语(上)
mitigate alleviate prospective expected outshone surpassed initiates originates transitioned transferred mobilized organized convictions beliefs ambiguity vagueness assets advantages perception impression foster encourage collaborated cooperated ●fare food moderate mild
far-reaching widespread authentic genuine diverse varied
streaky fatty
commemorate honor
lingering continuing
humility modesty
wronged treated unjustly
●establishment setup
facet aspect
prevalent common
estimated judged
claimed revealed
flourish pass out quickly
occasionally often
commissioned ordered
prestigious popular
reimburse switch
component necessity
flexibility ability to maximize
self-discipline self control
●stalling delaying
pending waiting for
turned out became
at his disposal under his control
down on his luck
suffering from bad luck
slump decline
soared increased
skimped did without
the dole welfare
eligible for aid able to get help
●unit 1
1.Details of the highly sensitive information have not been made _public c__.
2. Working at home requires a good deal of __discipline b_.
3. He never ceased to be amazed by her physical _strength a.
4. The article made no reference __a_ to previous research on the subject.
5. The great _ strength __d_of our plan lies in its simplicity.
6. The palace and its grounds are open to the__ public _a_during the summer months.
7. Supporters __ demonstrated __ b __outside the courtroom during the trial.
8. I didn’t enjoy studying Philosophy—I found it too much of a theoretical discipline __c___
9. Ask your teacher to act as one of your___ references___c__ .
10. He said he left the company because of a_personality a_clash with the director.
11. Different cultures have different ways of __ disciplining__d___their children.
12. The study__ demonstrates__ a__ the link between poverty and malnutrition.
13. The disclosure of the information will not be a criminal offence if it can be shown that it was in the_ public _d_ interest.
14. The book will become a standard work of__ reference___b__ .
15. It’s partly the architecture which gives the town its_ personality c__.
●unit 2
1.A. A blossom develops from a bud .
B. In this poem, the budding flower means youth.
2.A. The only access to that ancient castle is along a muddy track.
B. Users can access their voice mail remotely.
3.A. The medicine had a slightly bitter aftertaste.
B. There was a lot of hard work before we first taste success.
4.A.Katherine was nobody’s fool when it came to money.
B. It’s no good fooling yourself. He’s not coming back.
5.A. The factory produces an incredible 100 cars per hour.
B. We sell tinned goods and local produce.
6.A. They garnish the room with modern paintings.
7.A. The Queen reign but does not rule.
B.The king’s reign lasted for 30 years.
8.A. Environmental protection is a growing concerned in China.
B. He loved his wife, and concern for her happiness.
9.A. The building is name after a successful entrepreneur.
B. Could I call you first name ？
10.A. I’ve practiced playing the piano for five years.
B. It is his practice to take a walk after dinner every evening.
unit 5
1. master mastery masterpiece
A. It’s one of the greatest __ masterpieces of Western art.
B. I never quite __ mastered __ the art of walking in high heels.
C. He doesn’t have __ mastery __ of the basic rules of grammar.
2. commit commission commitment
A. He has clearly _ committed __his government to continuing down the path of economic reform.
B. You can __ commission _ them to paint something especially for you.
C. She d oesn’t want to make a big emotional __ commitment __ to Steve at the moment.
3. execute executive execution
A. Franklin is in charge of _ executing the company’s reorganization plan.
B. The solicitors are proceeding with the _ execution __ of her mot her’s will.
C. He sits on the _ executive __ committee that manages the bank.
4.present presentation represent
A. Bear’s Cafe needs to pay more attention to __ presentation __ and taste.
B. The goddess is _ represented__ as a woman with cow’s horns.
C. The sword was _ presented__ by the family to the museum.
D. Were you _ present __ when the news was announced?
5. innovator inventor investor
A. The patent lists six __ inventors__ who worked on the system.
B. Foreign _ investors __ have shown considerable interest in the venture.
C. Caesar planned vast projects and emerged as a great military ___ innovators _ .
6. breath breathe breathless breathtaking
A. We had to stop for _breath__ before we got to the top.
B. She lay awake listening to her si ster’s steady __breathing__.
C. The bank’s new on-line service is still growing at a __breathtaking_pace.
D. I was a little _breathless_ and my heartbeat was bumpy and fast.
7. physical physiological psychological
A. The emotional and _physical_ strain of the previous day had left him exhausted.
B. The drug produced no obvious __physiological_ response.
C. Robyn’s loss of memory is a _psychological__ problem, rather than a physical one.
8. routine discipline
A. Martial arts teach respect, _discipline_, and cooperation.
B. We are trying to get the baby into a __routine_ of feeding and sleeping.
C. You must _discipline__ yourself to finish your work on time.
9. perform perfect practice proper
A. You’re getting better—you just need a little more _practice_.
C. Gemma spent hours trying to __perfect___ her technique.
D. In those days it was not thought entirely __proper___ for a woman to be on the stage.
10.resistance reaction response reconciliation
A. The decision provoked an angry _reaction___ from local residents.
B. It took hours of negotiations to bring about a _reconciliation_ between the two sides.
C. The demonstrators offered little or no __resistance__ to the police.
D. There has been no _response__ to his remarks from the government.
●Unit8
1. She was a woman of uninspiring appearance and a dreadful bore boot .
2. Society does not exist in a vacuum, it is influenced by Government policies, the environment and culture.
3. Your efforts will be rewarded and you will find that you no longer have to bother about the boring details of everyday life.
4. The reward police had offered for any information leading to his arrest is twenty times the average national wage.
5. We ended the year with a net profit of 9.7 million, which represents earnings of just 5%.
6. Elderly people were still slowly negotiating the hotel steps when the parade started.
7. The odds are that he will commit the same crime again.
8. The little company battled its way to success, despite the enormous odds .
9. Fatal accident have decreased in frequency in recent year.
10. The government opened negotiations with the IMF for another loan.
1. black and white in black and white
A. Part of the problem is that we only see the issues as black and white_.
B. Once it’s down _ in black and white__, you can’t forget it.
C. I still get a thrill seeing re-runs of old _ black-and-white__ movies on Saturday afternoon television.
2. on the scene behind the scenes set the scene
A. The accident victim died before the ambulance arrived _ on the scene_.
B. Foster set the scene___ before the performance so that the audience knows what to expect.
C. Women make their contribution in the world either in high-profile or __ behind the scene_ .
3. make a difference make all the difference make any difference make no difference
A. He told me he should have been more careful; but that it would __ make no difference __.
B. The lighting will _ make a difference __ to how well people can see the picture.
C. Will exercise _ make any difference _ to my chances of getting fat?
D. A few kind words at the right time _ make all the difference __.
4. work on work out work against
A. If you _ work on _ it steadily you should win through in the end.
B. Criticizing the security procedures usually __ work against __ making them effective.
C. Why don’t you leave him here till you see how things _ work out ?
5. spread out spread through spread to
A. Buddhism _ spread to __ China from India.
B. Felix watched his men _ spread out _ to cover the whole area.
C. A mass movement against forced labor _ spread through __ the state.
●Unit9
1. Thousands of spectators _crammed (b) into the stadium to see the game.
2. Tell the students to blow up the _balloon _(a)_ and then tape the straw to it.
3. Most river tourists travel in big noisy motor rigs, which _crash (a)__through all but the biggest rapids
4. Jill _crammed (a)_ her clothes into the bag.
5. He lost control of his car at the first bend and _crashed (a)_ .
6. We _crammed (d)_ in as much sightseeing as possible during our stay in New York.
7. The company’s debt has _ballooned (c)__ in the past year.
8. You can _crash (b)__ at our place if you can’t get a ride home.
9. We’ll have to get out of this situation before the _balloon (b)_ goes up.
10. As house sales have __slumped (b)___, so has spending in department-store on items like furniture, carpets and electrical appliances.
11. It is believed that the proceeds from the sale will go into a __trust (c) _ fund for the children.
12. The hardest thing is finding a car dealer you can _trust (d)!
13. I was fortunate enough to have very __liberal (c) _ parents.
14. The post-war _slump (c) __ sent the unemployment figures soaring to twice the expected level.
15. That decision did not win her much support from _liberals (b)__ and moderates.
16. When he is 25, the trustees will give him full control of his _trust (b)__ fund.
…………
1)employment 2) __ paid _ 3)___ adjust 4)__ setting _ 5)__ discouraged 6)__ credit 7) ___ cite _ 8)__ demonstrate
9)___ teamwork
10)___ rules_
.
1）integration 2） choice 3） handed 4） aspiring 5) steaming 6）masterpiece 7） pleasure 8）partake
9）amazing
10） present
……
1) written 2) practiced 3) adapted 4) fundamental 5) soul 6) described 7) mental 8) state of being 9) pictured 10) exercises 11) control 12) experiences
13) including
14) individuals
15) medical
…………
Classes last from 30 to 90 minutes and are offered at various skill levels. …… 1) were to 2) inefficient 3) paved with 4) obliged 5) evidence 6)substantial decrease 7) potential 8) consumed
9) possible
10) the same
…………risk of being killed.
……
1)__ expensive_ 2) than_ 3) higher_ 4)_imported 5) due to_ 6) Communities 7) remote 8) _wages
9) subsidized
10)_allowance_
……payment to help offset the higher cost of living.
●Unit 1
1) Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
译文：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使所有其他形态的生命服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。
2) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
译文：但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去景象，因为他们看到的事150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
1) John Fetzer, career consultant and chemist, first suggested this trait, which has already been written about a great deal.
译文：职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。
2) The Queen will visit the town in May, when she will open the new hospital.
译文：女王将于5月访问该城。届时，她将主持那家新医院的开业仪式。
3) It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
译文：是他接到那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。
4) After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.
译文：饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深夜。
●Unit 2
1) There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.
楼下有人要见你。
2) In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention.
在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。
3) Being OK with risk is something that industry demands.
企业要求员工能承受风险。
1) As hardworking as Dog was, he could not keep up with demand so his customers often had to wait a long time to be served.
尽管狗子工作非常努力，可他还是无法满足顾客们的需求，所以他们只能等很长时间。
2) He would be a rash man who should venture to defy world public opinion and act arbitrarily.
如果有人公然反抗世界公众舆论而一意孤行，他定是个鲁莽之徒。
3) I met your mother, who was doing shopping at the supermarket.
你母亲在超市买东西时，我遇见了她。
4) He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.
他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。
5) He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument.
为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料。
6) I could not recognize her, who had changed so much in the past 10 years.
我几乎认不出她了，因为在过去10 年中，她变得太多了。
●Unit 5
1) But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their ―expectation of life‖, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.
译文：可是现在人们意识到，其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的，人们甚至还可以比较合理地估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”，也就是说，经过若干年后，这些矿物质的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。
2) Yoga stretches are used by physical therapists and professional sports teams, and the benefits of yoga are
译文：瑜伽已被理疗专家和职业运动队广泛采用，做瑜伽的好处也被电影明星和《财富》杂志世界500 强的企业执行官们争相传颂。
1) It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.
译文：因此，如果要使学生充分利用他们（上大学）的机会，就得为他们提供大量关于课程的更为详尽的信息，作更多的指导。这个问题显得越来越重要了。
2) Many yogis are amazed at how rapidly yoga’s popularity has spread in America, considering the legend that it was passed down secretly by handfuls of adherents for many centuries.
译文：许多世纪以来，瑜伽只是在极少数信徒的言传身教中得以流传，而今它在美国快速流传,这让许多瑜伽师感到很惊异。
1) The number of the young people with poor reading ability in the United States is incredible: about one in four.
译文：大约有1/4 的美国青年人阅读能力弱，这简直令人难以置信。
2) Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.
译文：人们常说，通过电视可以了解时事，掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。
1) People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.
译文：尽管警察已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们还是不敢出门，因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。
2) Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, require revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.
译文：对于现代书籍，特别是教科书来说，要是作者希望自己书中的内容能与新概念、新观察到的事实和新发现同步发展的话，那么应该每隔较短的时间，将书中的内容重新修改。
●Unit 8
1) It was an experience I will treasure for the rest of my life.
译文：在我有生之年都将珍惜这次经历。
2) He’s tired and exhausted, and has been advised to rest for two weeks.
译文：他很疲惫，别人都建议他休息两周。
3) The car accelerates rapidly from rest.
译文：这辆车从静止到加速用时很短。
1) as rich as Croesus 2) The room had a Spartan look.
译文：十分富有，富可敌国译文：房间看起来很简朴。
●Unit 9
1) The best thing local officials can do to promote affordable housing is to get out of the way –stop requiring one-acre lots and two-car garages, and stop blocking low- income and high-density projects.
译文为促进廉价房的发展，当地政府最好不要横加阻拦—不要再要求房产项目必须站地一英亩，具有双车位的车库；不要再阻止面向低收入人群的高容积率项目。
2) Eventually, politicians may rediscover housing—not as an urban poverty issue, but as a middleclass quality-of-life issue, like gas prices or health care.
译文总会有那么一天，从政者会发现住房问题像油价问题或医疗问题一样，不只是城市贫民的问题，还是中产阶级的生活质量问题。
3) This creates all kinds of lousy outcomes---children who don’t get to see their parents, workers who can’t make ends meet when gas prices soar, exurban sprawl, roads clogged with long-distance commuters emitting greenhouse gases.
译文这产生了各种弊端：油价飞涨、城市向郊外延伸、路上堆满了长途往返的通勤者、不停地释放着温室气体，使得孩子们见不到父母亲，工人们入不敷出。
4) The new phone system uses state-of-the-art technology.
译文新的电话系统采用了最先进的技术。
1) Seventy years after President Franklin D. Roosevelt declared that the Depression had left one-third of the American people ―ill-housed, ill-clothed and ill-nourished,‖ Americans are well-clothed and increasingly over nourished.
译文富兰克林·罗斯福总统曾经说经济大萧条造成三分之一的美国人住房简陋、衣衫褴褛、营养不良，70年后的今天，美国人却是穿着考究、营养日益过剩。
咨询信 A letter of Inquiry
You wish to study at a certain foreign university. Write a letter inquiring about the situation there as regards accommodation, fees and qualifications.
Dear Sir,
（自我介绍）I am a Chinese citizen who wishes to study at your university. （说明写信目的）My plan is to start my course next term, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information.
First, what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university? I already have a master’s degree from a university here in China, but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements. Second, how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to be self-supporting, I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students. Third, what is the situation as regards accommodation? I would prefer a single room, which is more conducive to studying, but if single rooms are expensive, I would be willing to share.
（表示感谢，期盼回复）I look forward to your reply, and to attending your esteemed institution.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming 咨询信：模板句型：
开头句：自我介绍、说明写信目的
I’m interested in … Could you provide me with more details?
I would be very grateful to you if you let me know…
结尾句：表示感谢，期盼回复
●听力
●Unit 1
B) He thinks he can learn skills from good hobbies.
C) Stephen learns to be systematic from his hobby.
D) Roy’s real interest in fishing is sitting alone and doing nothing.
B) The farmer has held on to his hobby even though he met great difficulties.
D) She thinks every addiction is as bad as the other.
D) Mark is addicted to online games.
C) Ron is not a serious gaming addict.
C) Gloria hopes Mark can control himself playing games.
A) Ron thinks gambling is more harmful than playing games.
A) Some gaming addicts make friends when playing together.
’s fried changed from traveling to writing and photography.
’t turn a hobby into a money-making one, it is better to change their hobbies.
’s hobbies.
●Unit 2
A) Husband and wife.
D) A vacation is even more exhausting.
D) The woman is packing for her bus tour.
B) The bus was too worn out and uncomfortable.
A) 3 hours or so.
B) There is a large variety of animals there.
D) Tourists are not allowed to take pictures of wild animals there.
D) Go horseback riding.
D) It must be a famous geyser.
B) Putting out the campfire.
1) sleeplessness
2) loss of appetite
3) irregular heartbeat
4) feelings of despair
5) tiredness
6) stomachache
7) trouble breathing
8) anxiety 9) nervousness
10)Space the month-long vacation out
11) blow it all at once
12) returning on a Monday
13) such blues are temporary
14)don’t make important decisions
15) a new period in life
16) personal growth
●Unit 3
D) He is at a job interview.
A) He suggests the woman keep trying until she gets it right.
B) To receive assistance from the teacher.
D) He wants to keep learning all his life.
C) The man’s idea is not feasible at all.
D) It means acquiring knowledge in one’s favourite away.
A) Ted enjoys discussion with others.
C) Because Mike once took a computer apart to make observations.
C) Different people should develop their own suitable learning styles.
C) Because they took part in a special hardship camp.
B) Growing vegetables.
A) Mountains that are far away.
D) Hardship camps can be important part of an education for children.
A) They like the idea of organizing hardship camps and support it.
●Unit 4
A) The woman is unhappy about too many advertisements on TV.
C) He is interested in the history of cities shown in picture.
D) It is about personality evident in an individual’s gestures.
A) The man is a Brazilian.
A) He wants to make his body stronger.
B) Culture shock is caused when you feel unfamiliar with the social environment.
C) He might feel anxious uneasy and frustrated.
D) He thinks one cannot learn about local culture well enough through a class.
A) Most local customs are learned through social life.
B) One can learn to be involved in a new culture step by step.
1) Pharaohs had pyramids built because they believed pyramids to be gates through which they could enter heaven, where they could enjoy the same luxurious lives ad they did when they were alive
2) All the treasures buried with the dead pharaohs are of great value and attracted many robbers to enter the Pyramids.
3) If robbers were caught, they would be tied to a pole and severely tortured to death.
4) In most Egyptians’ eyes, these robbers not only showed disrespect to their kings, but also insulted the gods.
●Unit 5
A) She didn’t go to the party yesterday.
C) The engine started as soon as they got on the plane.
C) Jason can take the test on another day.
C) Cheer up and you would be able to get a job soon.
D) He was criticized by the woman’s mother all the way.
D) He was the oldest astronaut in space.
B) To do research on how and why people get old.
C) His trip implies what attitude the aged should take towards life.
B) He likes drinking very much.
A) The significance of Mr. Glenn’s shuttle trip shuttle into space.
’Neal’s unusual height made him feel uncomfortable.
’s mischief terribly embarrassed one of the kids on the basketball team.
’s father did not think it was funny to put ICY HOT in one kid’s gym shorts.
’s parents wanted their son to be big morally, mentally and physically.
’s expectations were right.
’s advice encouraged Shaq to be the best in his career.
Unit 6
D) How to protect water and trees in nature.
C) It is a good idea for people to make voluntary contributions.
B) Louisiana tornado killed 50 people.
C) He feels it necessary to use animals in medical researches.
D) The two speakers have different opinions about the biggest pollution problem.
D) Many things can be done to protect the environment.
A) Driving steadily will help protect the ozone layer.
D) Because they use much too many disposable products.
C) To buy a special “low-flow” shower head.
B) Things people can do to reduce pollution.
’s migration path.
’ internal navigational systems help them to find cues in the environment such as the stars, the moon or the light.
研究生英语My English Story
My English Story Part 1(Past) Before entering middle school, English is a remote and mysterious realm I roughly have not ever touched. In other words, I began to learn English till I was 12 years old, about 5 or more years later than other children around me. And hence I have a rough time when I attempt to learn it. For instance, asked by my classmates, “What is your name, please?”, I felt so inferior and downcast because I may hardly recite the 26 letters at that time. Fortunately for me, my English teacher, Mrs. Sun, encouraged and helped me a lot. She gave me extra classes during her noon break. She told me I should never be too timid to use English and must have enough valor to speak loudly. With her selfless help, I finally caught up with my classmates after months of hard working. I felt enlightened and became interesting in English, though I could only say measly several simple sentences such as “Good morning” and “How old are you”. Afterwards my English learning gradually turned in a relatively positive direction. However, the primary force I studied English was simple, just to get a higher school record to go to a better high school. And in the high school, it changed to go to a better university. As a result of this simple but inappropriate motive, after being accepted by Harbin Institute of Technology to get a bachelor's degree and breezing through the CET4, 6, I hardly learned English for quite a long time, nearly two years. On one occasion, I read a poem from Tagore’s Stray Bird. Different fro m my usual reading, it is written in English. And it gave me more fantastic sense than when I read its Chinese translation. This fantastic sense gave me totally new aspiration to relearn English. As I found I extremely need English to know more about the world. Part 2(Present) Trying to get my master’s degree smoothly, I currently use English in readings of foreign literature in my field of expertise. Due to the previous learning, I may digest some elementary literature with the help of my teachers and dictionaries. But that is not enough, I must try to learn more. Very luckily, I get a foreign teacher, Mrs. Taylor, to give me guidance in learning English. This is the first time I get in touch with a native speaker of English so frequently. Mrs. Taylor speaks clearly and fluently, it is a relish to go to her class. In her class, we enjoy harmonious and relaxed atmosphere she establishes for us . She not only tells us how to learn English effectively, but also gives us much more knowledge about the foreign world. Watching the movies she recommends to us, we improve our English, at the same time, we begin to think more about the gap between China and the western world in politics, economy and culture. On the other side, I integrate my English learning in daily leisure and entertainments.
研究生英语精读教程第三版上unit one原文
Unit One Text: You Are What You Think And if you change your mind-from pessimism to optimism -you can change your life Claipe Safran [1] Do you see the glass as half full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly these clichés are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking. [2] A fast-growing body of research—104 studies so far, involving some 15,000 people—is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. "If we could teach people to think more positively," says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University①in Houston②，"it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills." [3] "Your abilities count," explains psychologist Michael F. Scheier of Carnegie Mellon University③in Pittsburgh④, "but
研究生英语精读教程教师参考书(第三版下)中国人民大学出版社
Language Points 1.Subtitle:Toxin sniffers，missile jammers,dirty-bomb detectors： The post-9/11security blitz is affecting more than public safety—it’s changing the course of science. Toxin sniffers:毒素嗅探器missile jammers:导弹人为干发射机 dirty-bomb detectors:放射性核弹探测器 全句可译为：毒素嗅探器、导弹人为干发射机、放射性核弹探测器：“9·11” 事件后闪电式的保卫行动不仅影响着公共安全——还在改变着科学的进程。 2.Par.[1]:In the race to prevent future9/11-style attacks—or worse—Washington has marshaled the U.S.science establishment on a scale not seen since Sputnik. 全句可译为：华盛顿以前苏联发射人造地球卫星以来所未有的规模对美国的科 学机构做了安排。 3.Par.[2]:“A lot of it is security theater technology designed to make you feel better,”says Bruce Schneier，author of Beyond Fear：Thinking Sensibly about Security in an Uncertain World. 全句可译为：《超脱恐惧：明智地考虑变幻莫测世界的安全问题》的作者布鲁 斯·施奈尔说：“这当中有许多都是做表面文章的保安技术，目的是让你感到 更安全。 4.Par.[6]:As the archive of visa applicants balloons，scans of all10 fingers will provide more fail-safe identifications. 全句可译为：随着护照签证申请人的档案急剧增加，对十指全部进行扫描将 使身份验证更加万无一失。 5.Par.[9]:Resembling a sleek outhouse，the$150,000walk-through machine sends a quick blast of air over your clothing to dislodge trace explosive particles. walk-through:（建筑物）从两端都可进入的 全句可译为：这种价值15万美元的从两端都可进入的机器像个造型优美的 户外小屋，它在你的衣服上面迅速地吹过一股气流，从衣服上吹下微量炸药 粒子， 6.Par.[10]:Still,building technology today already seems light-years beyond pre-9/11days． 全句可译为：然而，今天的建筑技术看来已经远远超过“9·11”事件以前的 日子了。 7.Par.[11]:GPS:Global Positioning System全球卫星定位系统 8.Par.[12]:A cyber-attack on the country’s financial networks or power and telecommunications grids could make other means of protecting our physical assets moot. 全句可译为：对国家的金融网或电力和电信网进行的网络攻击，可使我们保 护有形资产的其他手段变得无实际意义。 9.Par.[12]:Developers describe it as a“Google-esque”tool and predict
研究生英语上Summary
Unit1 How to read a book “Some books are to be tasted ,others to be swallowed, and some to be chewed and digested.” Francis Bacon warned readers several hundred years ago. However, what are the criteria for those books to be “chewed and digested?” How to tell good literature form bad literature? On these issues, people don’t seem to have reached an agreement. In the article, Joseph Brodsky first states that people’s life is generally much shorter than books, and that it is important for people to select good books to read. Yet, the author further argues that selecting good books from the ocean of literary works is no easy job; even book reviewers can’t help much. In the end, the author suggests that reading poetry is the way to develop good taste in literature, because it is the supreme form of human locution, the moist concise way of conveying the human experience, and offers the highest possible standards for any linguistic operation. Unit2 Recession-proofing Your Career In the text, Dr. Barbara Moses describes a new career development paradigm for today’s employees, that is, guaranteed jobs have already become history and it’s high time to engage in a lifelong, self-monitored process which can help to promote and prepare oneself fro a change, esp. during periods of recession. She then suggests some skills which are
研究生英语综合教程(上)熊海虹课文翻译
Unit One 核心员工的特征 大卫·G．詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。”
研究生英语精读教程答案(下)分章节
研究生英语精读教程（下）答案 Unit 2 Exercise A I．Comprehension 1．The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is clear．In the former case，some direct action is taken(for example，lethal injection is given．) to help finishing the patient’s unbearable pain for good，while in the latter，no direct action is taken，merely letting the patient die． 2．The attitude of AMA is somewhat contradictory．First，it states that mercy killing is contrary to what the medical profession stands and also to its own policy．But then it goes on to say that the advice and judgment of the doctor should be available to the patient and／or his family． 3．A lethal injection is one which can“kill”the patient immediately．The author thinks that once the decision not to prolong the patient's agony is made，to give him a lethal injection is the best choice．Otherwise the patient will suffer more rather than less． 4．The most painful thing to do for a surgeon is to stand by and watch a savable baby die because his very duty is to use the scalpel to fight off death． 5．Some people are opposed to all kinds of euthanasia because they believe that all people have the right to live． 6．The author believes that the reason to let the baby die is only an excuse．And the real reason is that the child has Down's syndrome because the operation is very simple． 7．No，killing someone is not morally worse than letting someone die．(An example is omitted．) 8．What the doctor does in active euthanasia is only for humane reasons．In a civil case of killing，however，the person acts from the motive of personal gain．That's the main difference．9．Mercy killing and conventional euthanasia are the same thing，because in both cases the passive part the doctor plays is emphasized． 10．The attitude of AMA in its statement is contradictory．First，it forbids mercy killing, but then it goes on to deny that the cessation of treatment is the intentional termination of life．This is where the mistake is made, for the former is none other than the 1atter． Ⅱ．V ocabulary 1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．B 13：D 14．D 15．B 16．C 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．D Ⅲ．Cloze 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．C Ⅳ．Translation A．没有一个年轻人相信他是要死的。青春时期有一种永恒的感觉，使我们能自我纠正，适应一切事物。年轻人酷似神仙。虽半生一晃就过去了，还有下半生带着无限的宝藏给我们储备着，因为前程远大，希望无穷。这个新的时代是属于我们年轻人的。“一个远大无边的前景展开在我们面前。”我们环顾周围这个新的世界，充满着生命，活跃和不断的进步；我们自身感到朝气蓬勃，精神焕发，紧跟时代步伐。没有任何征兆会使我们预感到有朝一日，自
研究生英语翻译答案
Unit 2 III Translation Practice Exercise 1 A. 1. 麦当劳有很多让农民恼怒的事：千篇－律，平淡无味，还有其所代表的烹饪霸权 2. 至少有40种植物已经通过了政府审核。 3. 到目前为止，还没有任何迹象表明基因重组作物会对任何人造成任何伤害。 4. 即使还没有法律措施，公众舆论正以更加怀疑的态度看待基因改良技术。 5. 这种优质作物受到农民的欢迎是情有可原的，因为对他们来说，产量即使有一丁点 的增长也就意味着利润上的极大提高。 B. 1. In recent years Europeans have become increasingly jumpy about bad food – and with good reason. 2. This year the E.U. banned the importation of non-approved GM corn. 3. It is crucially important that we take stock of this technology’s probable effects on our planet’s ecosystems. 4. We should also take a sober look at the effect of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. 5. Nature is never idle. Through random mutations, nature constantly tests new genetic models of organisms. Exercise 2. A. 1. 全世界的人们都在密切地注视他们食品中的基因构成——并地为他们所看到的一切 越发感到不安。在过去的十年里，随着科学家们将无数的水果和蔬菜的基因重组，使平常的农作物变成了能抵御霜冻、经得起除草剂，甚至产生消灭自身害虫作用的超级作物，基因改良食品已日益成为普遍现象。就总数而言，超过4,500的基因改良植物已经过测试，其中至少有40种——包括13种玉米，11种西红柿和4种大豆——已经通过了政府的审核。 2. 但是，一个国家的禁令对另一国家而言就是一种贸易保护主义，美国对欧洲的举动 持怀疑态度。自从欧洲决定继续禁止进口助长荷尔蒙的美国牛肉以来，美国通过对欧洲某些出口食品征收100%的关税作为反击，欧美之间的关系近来变得越发紧张。在这种激烈的争斗中，转基因食品禁令的审慎态度与报复差不多/ 看似是报复行为，其实是一种审慎。此外，假如欧洲如此担忧转基因食品的话，为什么还要生产它们呢？法国生产的转基因粮食规模不大，而消费得却比其它欧洲国家多。 B. 1. Ready or not, the world is entering the age of genetic engineering. Altered environments and human-created life forms will be part of this new age. Plants may be transformed into miniature factories producing plastics, medicines, or perfumes. Animals may be given human genes to make their tissues compatible with humans, allowing animal hearts and other organs to be transplanted into critically ill people. 2. We should also take a sober look at the effects of genetic engineering in the social and political realms. Because the agricultural and medical benefits of genetic engineering are expensive, poor individuals and poor nations will not be able to afford them – at least not for years to come. As a result, the economic gap between rich and poor is likely to widen. In
研究生英语精读教程翻译 上 课后习题及其答案。。
一、你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人 如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活 [1]你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗？你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗?当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。 [2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有104个研究项目，涉及大约15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。与此相反，悲观则导致无望、疾病以及失败它与沮丧、孤独、令人苦恼的腼腆密切相关。休斯敦莱斯大学的心理学家克雷格·A·安德森说：“如果我们能够教会人们更积极地思考，那就如同为他们注射了预防这些心理疾病的疫苗。” [3] “你的能力固然重要,”匹兹堡卡内基–梅隆大学的心理学家迈克尔·F·沙伊尔说，“但你成功的信念影响到你是否真能成功。”在某种程度上，这是由于乐观者和悲观者以截然不同的方式对待同样的挑战和失望。 [4]以你的工作为例。宾夕法尼亚大学的心理学家马丁·E·P·塞利格曼与同事彼得·舒尔曼在一项重要研究中对大都会人寿保险公司的推销员进行了调查。他们发现，在工龄较长的推销员中，积极思考者比消极思考者要多推销37%的保险额。在新雇用的推销员中，乐观主义者则多销了20%。 [5]公司受到了触动，便雇用了100名虽未通过标准化行业测试但在态度乐观一项得分很高的人。这些本来可能根本不会被雇用的人售出的保险额高出一般的推销员10%。 [6]他们是如何做到的呢？据塞利格曼说，乐观主义者成功的秘诀就在于他的“解释方式”。出了问题之后，悲观主义者倾向于自责。他说：“我不善于做这种事，我总是失败。”乐观主义者则寻找漏洞，他责怪天气，抱怨电话线路，甚至怪罪别人。他认为，是那个客户当时情绪不好。当一切顺利时，乐观主义者居功自傲而悲观主义者只把成功视为侥幸。[7]克雷格·安德森让一组学生给陌生人打电话，请他们为红十字会献血。当他们的第一、二个电话未能得到对方同意时，悲观者说：“我干不了这事。乐观主义者则对自己说：“我需要试试另一种方法。” [8]无论是消极还是积极，都是一种本身会成为事实的预言。安德森说：如果人们感到没有希望，他们就不会费事去获得成功所需的技能。” [9]据安德森看来，有无控制感是成功的试金石。乐观者能够掌握自己的命运。如果事情不顺利，他立刻做出反应，寻找解决办法，制定新的行动计划，并且主动寻求指点。悲观者则感到自己只能由命运摆布，行动拖拉。既然认为毫无办法，他便不去寻求指点。 [10]乐观主义者也许认为自己比事实能够证明的要强——有时正是这一点使他们充满生机。匹兹堡肿瘤研究所的桑德拉·利维博士对患晚期乳腺癌的妇女进行了研究。对那些通常持乐观态度的妇女来说，两次发病间隔的时间比较长，而这是生存下去的最好预兆。在一次对早期乳腺癌妇女的初步研究中，利维博士发现这一疾病在悲观病人身上复发更早。 [11]乐观态度不会使不治之症痊愈，却有可能预防疾病。在一项长期研究中，研究人员跟踪观察了一组哈佛大学毕业生的健康史。所有这些人都是班上的学生，并且健康状况良好。他们之中有的是积极思考者，有的是消极思考者。20年后，悲观者中患有中年常见病——高血压、糖尿病、心脏病——的人数要比乐观者多。 [12]许多研究显示，悲观者的无助感会损害人体的自然防御体系，即免疫系统。密执安大学的克里斯托弗·彼德森博士发现悲观主义者不能很好地照顾自己。他消极被动，无法避开生活中的打击，无论做什么都会担心身体不好或其他灾难将临。他大嚼不利于健康的垃圾食品，逃避体育锻炼，不听医生的劝告，还总是要再贪一杯。 [13]在多数人身上，乐观主义和悲观主义兼而有之，但总是更倾向于其中之一。塞利格曼说，这是一种早在“母亲膝下”就开始形成的思维模式，来自千万次警告或鼓励，消极的或积极的话语。过多的“不许”及危险警告会使一个孩子感到无能、恐惧以及悲观。 [14]随着年龄的增长，儿童能体会到许多小小的成就感，如学会系鞋带等。家长可以促使这类成功转变为控制感，从而培养出乐观主义。 [15]悲观是一种很难克服的习惯，但并非不能克服。在一系列具有重大突破的研究中，伊利诺伊大学的卡罗尔·德韦克博士对小学低年级儿童做了一些工作。她帮助那些屡屡出错的学生改变对失败原因的解释——从“我准是很笨”变成“我学习还不够努力”——因此他们的学习成绩提高了。 [16]匹兹堡的利维博士想知道把病人变成乐观主义者是否会延长他们的生命。在一次试验性研究中，两组结肠癌病人受到同样方式的治疗，但其中一些人还得到了鼓励乐观态度的心理帮助。试验结果表明这一做法有一定的效果。现在已在计划实施一项重大研究，以确定这一心理变化是否会改变病情的发展。 [17]因此，如果你是个悲观主义者，你完全有理由乐观起来。你能改变自己。以下就是范德比尔特大学的心理学家史蒂夫·霍朗指出的方法： [18]一、当坏事发生时，仔细留意自己的想法，把你最初的想法原原本本地记下来，一字不改。
(完整版)Unit研究生英语综合教程上单词
Unit1 academia 学术界acumen 敏锐due 应给的，欠下的ambiguous 不明确的ambiguity 不明确brink 始发点；边缘collaborative 协作的，合作的collaborator 合作者，协作者contributor 投稿人，撰稿人conviction 坚定的信仰或主张expertise 专门知识，专门技能foster 培养，促进，助长headhunter 猎头lone wolf 自行其是的人，好独处的人mindset 思维定式mitigate 缓和，减轻mobilize 争取支持，动用资源newbie 新手，网络新用户outshine 优于…,使…黯然失perception 看法，认识prioritize 使…优先prospective 预期的，未来的，可能的scary 可怕的studied 经过深思熟虑的teamwork 合作，协作，配合transition 过渡，转变act on 按…行事count on 指望in pursuit of 追求，寻求make up 编造（说法、解释）pep talk 鼓舞士气的讲话place a bet 下赌注put one’s neck on the line 冒险stick one’s neck out 说冒险的话stand out 突出；显眼adherence 坚守，信守affirm 肯定，强化autonomy 自主能力blockhead 笨蛋，蠢人brief 案情摘要，案情简介civility 礼貌，客气cost effective 低成本高利润的cut-rate 减价销售cynical 愤世嫉俗的dealing 商业活动，商业往来discource 谈话，交谈eminent 著名的，有名望的unit2 aftertaste 余味apportion 分配，分摊apprentice 学徒broth 肉汤，米汤，菜汤ceramic 陶瓷的chili pepper 辣椒粉chrysanthemum 菊（花）collective 集体的，共同的commemorate 纪念，庆祝culinary 烹饪的drainage 排水，排污dynasty 朝，代eccentric 怪异的，古怪的exquisite 精致的facet 一个方面fare 食物ferment 使…发酵filling 馅fragrance 香味garnish 装饰菜ginger 姜glutinous 很黏的greasy 多脂的，沾油脂的harmonious 和睦的，融洽的humility 谦逊，谦恭improvise 即兴表演，即席而作light 味清淡的;浓度低的；易消化的lingering 经久不消的literally 逐字地；照着原文longevity 长寿maw 动物的嘴precept 戒律，准则reed 芦苇reign 统治时期renowned 著名的scallop 扇贝seniority 年长，职位高specialty 特色菜stew 炖，焖
研究生英语精读教程(第三版上)课后习题
研究生英语精读教程（第三版上） Unit 4 B. great regret C. great despair D. great disappointment 2. I have nothing but disdain for such a person. A. respect 3. The grass was interspersed with beds of flowers. A. scattered 4. I am sure disease must propagate in such unsanitary and crowded areas. D. generate 5. There was a meager attendance at the council meeting. B. enough C. ample D. haughty A. negotiation B. punishment 7. We can't rule out the possibility that he will come after all. B. refuse C. accept D. take C. tied to D. shut on 9. We three were the sole survivors in the traffic accident. A. lucky B. fortunate C. blessed 10. I slept through her dull speech. D. imaginative A. letters B. dealings C. writings A. pieces B. slips D. portions 13. The old lady ______ the sweet-smelling flowers into a garland. A. tied C. curved D. twisted B. prudent C. shrewd D. rude A. area B. place C. district A. firing B. lighting D. glowing 17. Sports, and not learning, seem to ______ in that school. A. appear B. occupy 18. Each chess player will have five minutes to ______ his next move. A. hoped C. wished D. wished to B. A word C. Words D. The word Unit 5 1. His beautiful writing is akin to drawing. A. as B. from C. above 2. His knowledge on the subject seems to be on a par with my own. A. different from
高等学校研究生英语系列教材-综合教程(上)主编熊海虹何莲珍 1-6单元 练习参考答案
《研究生英语综合教程上》1-6单元练习参考答案 Unit One Planning Your Future Career Reading Focus Traits of the Key Players Text Exploration Task 2 1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. B Vocabulary in Action Task 1 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. A 12. B Task 2 1. public (c) 2. discipline (b) 3. strength (a) 4. reference (a) 5. strength (d) 6. public (a) 7. demonstrated (b) 8. discipline (c) 9. reference (c) 10. personality (a) 11. disciplining (d) 12. demonstrates (a) 13. public (d) 14. reference (b) 15. personality (c) Task 3 1. employment 2. paid 3. adjust
4. setting 5. discouraged 6. credit 7. cite 8. demonstrate 9. teamwork 10. rules Translation Practice Paragraph One “一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行。这意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行。”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一，就是要更快到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” Paragraph Two 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Unit Two Arts of the Table Reading Focus Culinary Delights in China