建筑遗产保护课件一

建筑遗产保护课件一

一、Architectural Heritage 建筑遗产

具有历史一定历史价值和建筑学价值的不可移动的古迹及其环境。

常见相关词汇：

文物、古迹、文化遗产、文化财产、文物保护单位

文物建筑、历史建筑、古建筑

历史环境

古城、历史城镇、历史文化名城、历史街区、历史区段、历史文化名区、历史村镇

历史园林与景观、风景名胜区

历史战场

English words

cultural relics, monument, cultural heritage, heritage sites, cultural property, officially protected site/entity

historic setting / environment

ancient city, historic town, historic block, conservation area, famous cities of historical and cultural value

historic park/garden

historic battlefield

《文物保护法》归入“不可移动文物”

具有历史、艺术、科学价值的古文化遗址、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺和石刻、壁画

与重大历史事件、革命运动或者著名人物有关的以及具有重要纪念意义、教育意义或者史料价值的近现代史迹、实物、代表性建筑

历史文化名城、历史文化街区、村镇

sites of ancient culture, ancient tombs, ancient architectural structures, cave temples, stone carvings and murals that are of historical, artistic or scientific value;

important modern and contemporary historic sites, material objects and typical buildings that are related to major historical events, revolutionary movements or famous personalities and that are highly memorable or are of great significance for education or for the preservation of historical data;

valuable works of art and handicraft articles dating from various historical periods;

important documents dating from various historical periods, and manuscripts, books and materials, etc. that are of historical, artistic or scientific value; and

typical material objects reflecting the social system, social production or the life of various nationalities in different historical periods.

《中国文物古迹保护准则》定义的“文物古迹”

人类在历史上创造或人类活动遗留的具有价值的不可移动的实物遗存

包括地面与地下的古文化遗址、古墓葬、古建筑、石窟寺、近现代史迹及纪念建筑、由国家公布应予以保护的历史文化街区（村镇），以及其中的原有

的附属文物。

Heritage sites are the immovable physical remains that were created during the history of humankind and that have significance; they include archaeological sites and ruins,

tombs, traditional architecture, cave temples, stone carvings, sculpture, inscriptions, stele, and petroglyphs, as well as modern and contemporary places and commemorative buildings, and those historic precincts (villages or towns), together with their original heritage components, that are officially declared protected sites.

《威尼斯宪章》中的“历史古迹”

历史古迹的概念不仅包含单个建筑物，而且包括能从中找出一种独特的文明、一种有意义的发展或一个历史事件见证的城市或乡村环境。这不仅适用

于伟大的艺术作品，而且亦适用于随时光流逝而获得文化意义的过去一些较

为朴实的艺术品。

The concept of an historic monument embraces not only the single architectural work but also the urban or rural setting in which is found the evidence of a particular civilization, a significant development or an historic event. This applies not only to great works of art but also to more modest works of the past which have acquired cultural significance with the passing of time.

《世界遗产公约》中的“文化遗产”

文化遗产包括具有突出普遍价值的“古迹、建筑群、遗址”等

《操作指南》增加市镇规划和文化景观类型

monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;

groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings which, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science;

sites: works of man or the combined works of nature and man, and areas including archaeological sites which are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view.

其他公约

《佛罗伦萨宪章》、《保护历史城镇和城区宪章》：

历史园林、历史街区等等

不断扩展的“遗产”概念

从建筑、建筑群到街区、城市乃至广阔的文化景观

从艺术杰作到平凡的作品

从“古建筑” 到年代较近的建筑

从有形遗产到无形遗产（非物质遗产）

本课程界定的“建筑遗产”范围

历史建筑、古迹、建筑群及其不可分割的附属文物（一般不讨论考古遗址）

历史城市、城镇、城区、街区

历史村镇、民居

历史园林、景观

现代建筑遗产（包括工业遗产）

相关的无形遗产（如传统建筑工艺）

二、建筑遗产的价值Values of Architectural Heritage

文物价值、历史价值、艺术价值、科学价值