宾语从句考点分析
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宾语从句要点及考点分析归纳
宾语从句的功能相当于名词词组,在句子中充当宾语。该从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,
一、考查宾语从句的语序问题。语序应用陈述语序,且引导词一定要在从句的最前面。
【考例】
①As soon as he comes back, I'll tell him when ______ and see him.(05北京)
A. you will come
B. will you come
C. you come
D. do you come
②When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers
know . (10上海)
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane
D. which lane is he entering
【简析】①A。when引导宾语从句时,用陈述语序,且主句谓语动词是一般将来时,所以从句该用什么时态就用什么时态,由语境可知,应是将来时。同时注意when引导时间状语时常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。②B。which引导的句子做know的宾语,句子用陈述语序,引导词位于从句句首。
二、考查宾语从句的连接词问题。
(1)引导宾语从句的有从属连词that, whether 和if;连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等;连接副词when, where, how, why等。选用何种连接词主要根据①所选词在从句中所作成分;②从句意判断句中缺少的意项。
【考例】
①She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do_____it takes to save her life.(09湖南)
A. whichever
B. however
C. whatever
D. whoever
②As a new diplomat, he often thinks of_____he can react more appropriately on such occasions. (09上海)
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. how
③ I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. (10湖北)
A. who
B. where
C. what
D. how
④We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our ne w furniture. (10全国Ⅰ)
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. where
【简析】①C。whichever“无论哪一个”;however“无论如何”;whoever“无论谁”;whatever“无论什么”。由分析可知,该引导词引导的是宾语从句,且从句中take缺少宾语,由句意“她对我们来说是非常宝贵,我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。”可知,应用whatever。②D。句意为“作为一种新的外交官,他经常考虑他怎么能在那样的场合反应更恰当。”很显然,该宾语从句缺少一个表示“方式”的词,故用how。③C。句意为“我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。”也就是我inside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A,错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。④D。由句意为“我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。”可知,动词discuss后的宾语从句缺少地点状语,故用where。
(2)宾语从句中注意下列几组相似意思的区别。
考查引导词whether与if的区别。两者都表示“是否”,都可引导宾语从句;但如果宾语从句是否定句一般用if;下列情况用whether①作介词宾语;②后紧跟or not; ③作discuss等词的宾语。
【考例】
①At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _____ it got any better.(09北京)
A. when
B. h ow
C. why
D. if
②We haven't settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (06江苏)
A. if
B. where
C. whether
D. that
【简析】①D。句意为“最初他不喜欢这件新工作,但是他决定给自己几个月的时间来看一下这件工作是否会变得更好。”所以用if表“是否”,引导宾语从句。②C。句意为“我们还没有解决他是否有必要出国留学这个问题。”此处是宾语从句,表“是否”,含有不确定,且作介词的宾语,故用whether。
考查引导词wh-与wh-ever的区别。“wh-ever”引导宾语从句时,其含有“无论……”之意,其引导宾语从句无疑问意义,相当于名词或代词加一个定语从句,而wh-多有疑问之意。
【考例】
① Could I speak to_____ is in charge of International Sales please? (09海南)
A. who
B. what
C. whoever
D. whatever
②– Could you do me a favour?
– It depends on ______ it is. (06北京)
A. which
B. whichever
C. what
D. whatever
【简析】①C 。whoever引导的宾语从句作了to 的宾语,同时whoever作is in charge of International Sales please的主语。whoever意为“任何人或无论谁”,相当于any person who或the person who。②C。what引导宾语从句,并在从句中充当表语,意为“什么”,含有具体之事的意思。句意为“那取决于是什么”。
考查引导词no matter+疑问词与疑问词+ever的区别。“no matter+疑问词”只能引导状语从句;而“疑问词+ever”既可引导状语从句,也可引导宾语从句。
【考例】
①The book can be of help to _____ wants to do the job.(09陕西)
A. who
B. whomever
C. no matter who
D. whoever
②Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (95上海)
A. anyone
B. whomever
C. whoever
D. no matter who
【简析】①D。此处从句作介词to的宾语。引导词做从句的主语,指人,意思是:无论是谁,no matter+疑问词不能引导宾语从句。②C。此处从句作介词of的宾语。no matter+疑问词不能引导宾语从句,又因连接词在从句作主语,所以用whoever,其相当于anyone who。
IV.考查what与how引导的感叹句充当宾语的区别。此时意为“多么”,what修饰“形容词+名词或