2012高考英语 复习资料之难点讲解大全难点25 依赖语境的词义猜测题
高考英语25天攻克考纲难点单词词汇及必备短语固定搭配(全)
Day 1必背单词:1. abandon v. 放弃, 遗弃2. abnormal adj. 反常的, 不正常的, 变态的, 不规则的3. abolish v. 取消, 废除 (制度等)4. abortion n. 失败, 夭折, 中止, 早产5. abrupt adj. 突然的, 意想不到的6. abstract n. 摘要, 概要, 抽象 adj.抽象的, 深奥的, 理论的7. absurd adj. 荒谬的, 可笑的8. abundant adj. 丰富的, 充裕的9. abuse v. 滥用, 虐待, 辱骂10. academic adj. 学院的, 理论的11. academy n. 学院, 研究院, 学会12. accelerate v. 加速, 促进13. accessible adj. 易接近的, 可到达的14. accommodation n. 住处, 膳宿15. accompany v. 陪伴, 伴奏16. accomplish v. 完成, 达到, 实现17. accountant n.会计师18. accumulate v. 积聚, 堆积19.accuracy n. 精确性, 正确度20. accurate adj. 正确的, 精确的21. accustomed adj. 通常的, 习惯的22. acid n. [化]酸,23. acknowledge v. 承认, 答谢, 报偿24. acquaintance n. 相识, 熟人25. acquisition n. 获得, 获得物26. acre n. 英亩27. acute adj. 敏锐的, 急性的28.adaptation n. 适应, 改编, 改写本29. adequate adj. 适当的, 足够的30. adjustment n. 调整, 调节, 调节器必背短语:1. abandon oneself to 陷入,沉湎于2. the ability to walk 行走的能力3. to the best of one’s ability 竭尽全力4. at home and abroad在国内外5. be absent from 缺席,不在场6. in the absence of 在缺少…条件下;在... 缺席的情况下7. be absorbed in 专注于,聚精会神于8. accuse sb of (doing ) sth控告…9. be/ get/ become accustomed to doing 习惯于做某事10. adapt (oneself) to the new surroundings 适应新环境11. add to 增加12. add up to 加起来总共13. admit doing/having done sth 承认做某事14. be admitted to/into...被允许(入学、入院等)15. in advance预先,事先Day 2必备单词:1. administration n. 管理, 经营, 行政部门2. admirable adj. 令人倾佩的, 值的赞美的, 绝妙的, 极好的3. admission n.准入, 接纳4. adolescence n. 青春期5. adolescent n. 青春期的, 青春的6. adopt v. 采用, 收养7. adore v. 崇拜, 爱慕, (口语)喜爱8. advocate v. 提倡, 鼓吹9. affair n. 事, 事情10. affection n. 友爱, 爱情, 影响11. agency n. 代理处, 行销处, 代理, 中介12. agenda n. 议程13. agent n. 代理人, 经纪人;代理商, 经理人14. aggressive adj. 好斗的, 敢作敢为的;有闯劲的, 侵略性的15. agricultural adj .农业的16. agriculture n. 农业, 农学17. aircraft n. 飞机18. airline n. 航空公司;航空系统19. airspace n. 空域, 领空20. album n. 集邮本, 照相簿21.alcohol n. 酒精, 酒22. alcoholic adj. 含酒精的23. algebra adj. 代数学24.allergic adj. 患过敏症的25. alley n. 小路, 巷26. allocate v. 分派, 分配27. allowance n. 宽容, 允许;津贴, 补助28. alphabet n. 字母表29. alternative adj.选择性的, 二中择一的30. altitude n. (尤指海拔)高度必背短语:1. take advantage of 利用;不公正利用2. have an advantage over 优于…3. to sb’s advantage 对(某人)有利4. take/follow/ accept one’s advice 接受某人的建议5. advise sb to do 建议某人做某事6. agree with sb / what you say/your opinion 同意某人的意见7. agree to the plan/ the arrangement/ the suggestion 同意计划/安排/建议8. agree on /upon 就......达成一致意见9. ahead of time 提前10. aim at 瞄准;(向某方面)努力;针对11. come/ go to one’s aid 来/去帮助某人12. at an altitude of 在...海拔上;海拔高度有...13. allow for 考虑到14. a large amount of 大量(修饰不可数名词)15. amount to 总计为;等同于Day 3必背单词:1. aluminium n. 铝2. amateur adj.业余的3. ambassador (ambassadress)n. 大使; 使节 (女大使; 大使夫人)4. ambiguous adj. 暧昧的, 不明确的5. ambition n. 野心, 雄心6. ambulance n. 救护车7. ample adj. 充足的, 丰富的8. analyse v. 分析, 分解9. analysis n. 分析, 分解10.ancestor n. 祖宗; 祖先11. anchor v& n. 抛锚, 锚12. anecdote n. 轶事, 奇闻13. ankle n. 踝14. anniversary n. 周年纪念15. annual adj.一年一次的, 每年的16. Antarctic adj. 南极的17. antique n. 古董18. anxiety n. 忧虑, 渴望19. apparent adj. 显然的, 外观上的20. appealv. 请求, 呼吁;(常与to连用)吸引;引起兴趣21. appearance n. 出现, 露面; 容貌22. appendix n. 附录, 附属品23. appetite n. 食欲, 欲望, 爱好24. applaud v. 拍手喝彩, 称赞, 赞同25. applicant n. 申请者26. application n. 申请27. appoint v. 任命, 委任28. appointment n.约会29. appropriate adj. 适当的30. approval n. 赞成, 承认, 批准必背短语:1.be angry at (about) 因为…而生气2.be angry with sb 生某人的气3.answer for 对…负责4.make an apology to sb for sth为某事向某人道歉5.apologize to sb for sth为某事向某人道歉6.appeal to sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事7.judge by appearances 以貌取人8.make an application for 申请...9.apply to sb for sth 向某人申请...10.apply A to B 把A应用到B中11.apply oneself to致力于,集中精力做某事12.make an appointment 约定、会13.appreciate doing sth感激/欣赏做某事14.a new approach to teaching languages 新的语言教学法15.approve of 赞成,同意Day 4必背单词:1. approximately adv.近似地, 大约2. apron. 围裙3. arbitrary adj. 任意的, 专断的4. arch n. 拱门;拱形5. architect n.建筑师6. architecture n. 建筑, 建筑学7. arithmetic n. 算术8. arrangement n. 安排, 布置9. arrest v. 逮捕, 拘留10. artificial adj. 人造的, 假的11. aspect n. (问题等的)方面;样子, 外表, 面貌12. assess v. 估定, 评定13. assessment n. 估定, 评定14. assistance n. 援助, 帮助15. associate v. (使) 发生联系, (使) 联合16. association n. 协会, 联合, 结交, 联想17. assume v. 假定, 设想18. assumption n. 假定, 设想19. astronomer n. 天文学家20. astronomy n. 天文学21. athletic adj. 运动的, 体育的22. audience n. 观众, 听众23. authentic adj. 可信的, 真正的24. authority n. 权威, 威信, 权威人士25. automatic adj. 自动的, 无意识的, 机械的26. autonomous adv. 自治的27. avenue n. 大道28. awesomeadj. 引起敬畏的, 可怕的;【俚语】卓越的; 杰出的29. awfuladj. 可怕的, 威严的, <口>极度的, 糟糕的30. awkward adj. 难使用的, 笨拙的必背短语:1. argue for /against 赞成/反对2. argue sb into/out of doing sth说服某人做/不做某事3. argue with sb about/over sth与某人争论某事4. take up arms 拿起武器5. arm...with... 以…装备,武装起来6. around the corner 在拐角处,即将到来7. around the clock 昼夜不停地8. arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事9. make arrangements for 为某事做安排10. put / place sb under arrest 逮捕某人11. an article of clothing 一件衣服12. assist sb in dong /with sth帮助某事做某事13. be ashamed of 以为是耻辱14. attach importance to... 认为....重要15. make an attempt to do /at doing 试图做某事Day 5必背单词:1. bachelor n. 学士学位, 单身汉2. background n. 背景3. bacon n. 咸猪肉; 熏猪肉4. bacterium (pl. bacteria) n. 细菌5. baggage n. 行李6. bakery n. 面包店7. balcony n. 阳台; 楼座8. ballet n.芭蕾舞9. ban n. 禁令 v. 禁止; 取缔10. barbecue n. 烤肉野餐11. bare adj. 赤裸的, 无遮蔽的, 空的12. bargain n. 廉价货 v. 讨价还价13. bark v. 狗叫 n. 狗叫声14. barrier n. 障碍物, 栅栏, 屏障15. basement n. 地下室16. bathroom n. 浴室, 盥洗室17. bathtub n. 澡盆18. battery n. 电池19. bean curd n.豆腐20. beard n.(下巴上的)胡须21. beddingsn.被褥, (家畜)草垫, (建筑)基床22. behalf n.为, 利益, 方面23. behave v. 守规矩, 行为24. behaviour n. 行为, 举止25. belly n. 肚子26. belt n.(皮)带27. bench n.长凳28. betray v. 出卖, 背叛, 泄露(秘密)29. bid v.& n 出价, 投标30. billn. 账单; 法案, 议案;(美)钞票, 纸币必背短语:1. attend to sb/sth照料,看护;处理;注意2. pay attention to 注意3. draw/attract one’s attention吸引某人的注意4. Like attracts like 物理类聚5. on (the) average 按平均6. avoid doing 避免做某事7. be aware of 意识到8. keep away from 保持距离9. right away 立刻,马上10. give away 泄露,赠送11. back and forth 来回,往返12. look back 回顾13. turn one’s back on 避开,不理睬14. keep a balance (between A and B)在A和B 之间保持平衡Day 6必背单词:1. bingo n. 宾戈游戏(一种赌博游戏)int. 好!秒!2. biochemistry n. 生物化学3. biography n. 传记4. bishop n.主教5. bitter adj. 有苦味的; 痛苦的, 难过的; 严酷的6. blank n.& adj. 空格, 空白(处); 空的; 茫然无表情的7. bond n. 结合(物), 粘结(剂), v 结合8. bonus n.奖金, 红利9. boom n. 繁荣 v.兴隆10. booth n.货摊; 摊位11. border n. 边缘; 边境, 国界12. botanical adj. 植物学的13. botany n. 植物; 植物学14. bounce v. (使)反跳, 弹起15. bound adj. 被束缚的; 有义务的;决心的;必定, 一定16. boundary adj.边界, 分界线17. boxing n. 拳击(运动)18. boycott v. 联合抵制19. brewery n. 酿酒厂20. bride n. 新娘21. bridegroom n.新郎22. brochure n. 小册子23. broom n. 扫帚24. Buddhism n.佛教25. budget n. 预算26. buffet n. 餐具柜, 小卖部27. bungalow n. (带走廊的)平房28. bureaucratic adj.官僚政治的29. burglar n. 夜贼30. butcher n. 屠夫 v. 屠宰; 残杀必背短语:1. on balance 总的来说2. a balanced diet 平衡的饮食3. a ban on smoking 禁烟令4. ban sb. from sth./ doing禁止某人做某事5. bargain with sb about /over sth与某人就某事讨价还价6. base sth on/upon sth以…为基础7. on a regular basis以定期的方式8. be bathed in…沉浸在...中,沐浴在...中9. bear…in mind 记住10. behave oneself表现得体,有礼貌11. well / badly behaved children表现得好/不好的孩子12. drop/ fall behind 落后13. leave sb./sth. behind遗落、忘带14. believe it or not(插入语)信不信由你15. belong to 属于(无被动)Day 7必背单词:1. cafeteria n. 自助餐厅2. calculate v.计算, 考虑, 计划, 打算 <美>以为, 认为3. campaign n. 战役4. canal n. 运河; 水道5. cancel v.取消6. cancer n. 癌7. candidate n. 候选人8. canteen n. 餐厅; 食堂9. capsule n. 胶囊, 太空舱10. caption n.标题, 说明, 字幕11. carbon n. 碳12. carpenter n. 木匠13. carriage n. 四轮马车;(火车)客车厢14. carrier n. 搬运者; 媒介15. carve v.刻; 雕刻16. cassette n.盒子, 盒式磁带17. casual adj. 偶然的;不意的; 随便的;不拘礼节的18. catalogue n. 目录19. catastrophe n. 大灾难, 大祸20. category n. 种类, 类别21. cater v.满足(需要), 投合22. catholic adj.天主教的23. cattle n. 牛(总称)24. caution n. 小心, 谨慎, 警告25. cautious adj. 谨慎的, 小心的26. centigrade adj. 摄氏度27. certificate n. 证明, 证明书28. challenge n.&v. 挑战29. challenging adj.具有挑战性的30. champion n. 冠军, 优胜者必背短语:1. be of benefit to...=be beneficial to ...对...有益2. for one’s benefit =for the benefit of sb.为了某人的利益3. make the best of 尽量利用4. all the best(书信结语)一切顺利、万事如意5. beyond one’s imagination/description 难以想象/描述6. beyond my wildest dreams做梦也没想到7. give birth to生下,孕育了8. be to blame应该受到责备(主动表被动)9. blame sb. for doing为某事责备某人10. be blind to =turn a blind eye to 对...视而不见11. on board 在船(车、飞机)上12. break out(战争、火灾、疾病等)爆发13. break down(车、机器等)坏掉、出故障;分解;(身体)垮掉;14. break up 破碎;(关系)破裂15. break away from摆脱、脱离Day 8必背单词:1. changeable adj.易变的, 变化无常的2. channel n. 频道; 通道; 水渠3. chant v.吟诵4. chaos n. 混乱5. character n.(汉)字, 性质; 品格6. characteristic adj. 特有的, 表示特性的, 典型的7. chapter n.章8. chart n. 图表; 航海图9. cheek n. 面颊, 脸蛋10. chef n. 厨师11. chest n. 胸部;箱子12. chew v. 咀嚼13. choke n. & v. 窒息14. chopsticks n. 筷子15. chorus n. 合唱, 合唱队, 齐声16. Christian n. 基督教徒和天主教徒的总称17. circuit n.电路, 一圈, 周游, 巡回18. circulate v. (使)流通, (使)循环19. circumstance n. 环境, 境况20. circus n. 马戏团21. civilian n. 平民, 公务员, 文官22. civilization/sation n.文明, 文化, 文明社会23. clap v. 拍手; 鼓掌24. clarify v. 澄清, 阐明25. classify v. 分类, 分等26. claw n. 爪, 脚爪27. clay n. 粘土, 泥土28. clerk n. 书记员; 办事员; 职员29. clone vi & n.克隆30. clumsy adj.笨拙的必背短语:1. out of breath 上气不接下气2. take a deep breath 深吸一口气3. bring up 养育;提出;呕吐4. bring about 引起5. on a (tight) budget 缺少钱,拮据6. burn…to the ground=completely destroyed 夷为平地7. burst out laughing/ crying =burst into laughter/ tears突然大笑起来/痛哭起来8. bury one’s face in the hands手捂着脸9. bury oneself in… = be buried in…专心于,埋头于10. It’s none of your business. 与你无关11. mind your own business管好你自己的事12. not…but…不是…而是13. but for 要不是、若没有(引导含虚拟语气的句子)14. call on sb./call at sp.拜访某人/拜访某地15. call on sb to do sth号召某人做某事Day 9必背单词:1. coincidence n. 一致, 巧合2. collar n. 衣领; 硬领3. colleague n. 同事4. collision n. 碰撞, 冲突5. commercial adj. 商业的, 贸易的6. commit v. 犯(错误), 干(坏事), 把...交托给, 提交, 答应负责7. commitment n. 委托事项, 许诺, 承担义务8. committee n. 委员会9. communism n.共产主义10. communist n. 共产主义者 adj. 共产党的; 共产主义的11. companion n.同伴; 同事12. compass n. 罗盘, 指南针,圆规13. compensate v. 偿还, 补偿, 付报酬14. competence n.能力15. complex adj. 复杂的, 合成的, 综合的 n. 联合体16. component n.成分17. composition n. 作文; 作曲18. comprehension n. 理解, 包含19. compromise v.妥协, 折衷20. compulsory adj. 必需做的, 必修的, 被强制的, 义务的21. concrete adj.具体的; 实在的; 有形的22. condemn v. 谴责的, 责备的23. confidential adj. 秘密的, 机密的24. confirm v. 确定, 批准, 使巩固, 使有效25. conflict n. 斗争, 冲突26. conscience n. 良心, 道德心27. consensus n. 一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论28. consequence n. 结果, 后果29. conservation n.保存; 保护30. conservative adj.保守的; 保守主义的; 谨慎的;必背短语:1. call for 需要,要求2. call off 取消3. calm down 使镇静4. summer camp 夏令营5. go camping 去野营6. can’t help doing =can’t help but do 禁不住做某事7. can not…too… =can never…too…越…越好/再…也不为过8. care for 喜欢;照顾9. care about 关心;在乎10. carry on 继续、进行11. carry out 实施、执行12. in case +句子/in case of +名词万一13. in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话14. in no case 绝不15. as is often the case 事实往往如此Day 10必背单词:1. considerate adj. 体贴的2. consideration n. 考虑; 关心3. consistent adj. 一致的, 调和的4. constant adj. 经常的, 不断的5. constitution n. 宪法, 构造6. consultant n. 顾问, 商议者, 咨询者7. contemporary adj. 当代的, 同时代的8. contradict v.同...矛盾, 同...抵触9. contradictory adj. 矛盾的, 同...相反的10. controversial adj. 争论的, 争议的11. conventional adj. 惯例的, 常规的, 习俗的, 传统的12. convey v.搬运, 传达, 转让13. convince v. 使确信, 使信服14. corporation n. 公司, 企业;社团, 法人15. correspond v. 一致; 与…相当; (与人)通信16. corrupt adj. & v. 腐败的, 贪污的17. cottage n.村舍; 小别墅18. counter n.柜台, 结账处19. court n. 法庭; 法院20. courtyard n. 庭院, 院子21. credit n. 信用; 信赖; 信誉22. crew n. 全体人员23. crime n. 犯罪24. criminal n. 罪犯25. criterion (pl. criteria) n. 标准, 准据, 规范26. cuisine n. 烹饪27. currency n. 货币; 流通28. curriculum n. 课程29. cushion n. 垫子30. customs n. 海关, 关税必背短语:1. pay in cash /by check用现金支付/用支票支付2. be cast down 感到沮丧3. catch up with 赶上4. catch sight of 看见5. catch sb. doing 撞见/捉住某人做某事6. catch one’s eye=attract one’s attention引起某人注意;引人注目7. cater for sth/sb 迎合;提供所喜欢的8. cause and effect 因果9. be cautious of/ about...谨防...,小心...10. with caution 小心地11. centre on /upon/ round /around…把…当中心使…成为中心12. stand on ceremony拘于礼节,讲究客套13. without ceremony粗鲁无礼,不拘礼节14. be certain of= be sure of对…确信的15. be certain to do =be sure to do一定会、必然Day 11 必背单词:1. damp adj. & n. 潮湿(的)2. dash v. & n. 快跑, 冲刺, 短跑3. data n. 资料, 数据4. database n. 资料库, 数据库5. dawn n. 黎明, 拂晓6. deadline n. 最后期限7. debate n. & v.讨论, 辩论8. debt n. 债务9. decade n. 十年10. declare v. 声明; 断言11. decline v.下降; 下滑; 衰退; 谢绝12. decoration n.装饰, 装饰品13. delay v& n. 拖延, 延期; 耽搁14. delete v. 删去15. deliberately adv. 故意地16. dedicate adj. 献(身), 致力17. delicious adj. 美味的, 可口的18. delight n. 快乐; 乐事19. delighted adj. 高兴的, 快乐的20. deliver v. 投递(信件, 邮包等)21. demand v. 要求22. dentist n. 牙科医生23. department(Dept.)n. 部门; 司, 处; 系24. departure n. 离开, 启程25. deposit v. 存放, 堆积 n. 存款, 押金26. depth n. 深, 深度27. describe v. 描写, 叙述28. description n. 描述, 描写29. desperateadj. 不顾一切的, 拚死的, 令人绝望的30. dessert n. 甜点必背短语:1. face/ take up a challenge面对/接收挑战2. take a chance/chances 冒险;碰运气3. by chance/accident 偶然4. charge…for…为某物要价多少5. charge sb. with sth 指控某人做了某事6. get the phone charged 手机被充电7. take charge of 负责、管理8. in charge of 负责9. in the charge of 被/由…负责10. free of charge 免费11. cheer sb on 为某人加油12. cheer up 振作起来;高兴起来13. get close to nature 接近自然14. on the coast 在岸上,在海滨15. off the coast 在离海岸不远的地方Day 12必背单词:1. destination n. 目的地2. detective n. 侦探3. diagram n. 图表, 图样4. dial v. 拨(电话号码)5. dialogue (dialog) n. 对话6. dictation n. 听写7. digest v. 消化; 领会8. digital adj. 数字的9. dignity n. 尊严, 高贵10. dilemman. 进退两难的局面, 困难的选择11. dimension n. 维度;方面;尺寸12. dinosaur n. 恐龙13. dioxide n. 二氧化物14. diploma n. 文凭; 学位证书15. directory n. 姓名地址录16. disability n. 残疾; 无能17. disabled adj. 残废的, 残疾的18. disadvantage n. 不利条件; 弱点19. disaster n. 灾难20. discount n. 折扣21. discourage v.(使)气馁22. discriminationn. 歧视;辨别, 区别23. disgusting adj. 令人厌恶的24. disk =disc n. 磁盘25. dismissv. 让…离开; 下课; 解散; 解雇26. disobey v. 不服从27. distinctionn. 差别;杰出,卓越;荣誉28. distinguish adj. 区别, 辨别29. distribute v. 分发, 分配30. district n. 区; 地区必背短语:1. by coincidence碰巧,巧合地,偶然地2. come up with 提出;想出3. come across 偶遇4. come about 产生,发生5. come up 走近;被提出;发芽6. come out 出来;出版7. live in comfort 生活安逸8. have a good command of精通,对...熟练掌握9. make a comment on /about sth 对...评论10. comment on/ upon sth 对...评论11. commit suicide 自杀12. in common with… 和…一样13. keep sb. company 陪伴某人14. compare…with…把…和…比较15. compare…to… 把…比作…Day 13必背单词:1. diverse adj. 不同的, 变化多的2. division n. 分开, 除法3. divorce v. 离婚4. dizzy adj. 头眩目晕的5. document n. 文件; 文献6. draft n. 草稿, 草案, 草图7. drawback n. 缺点, 障碍8. drawer n. 抽屉9. drill n. 钻头; 训练 v. 钻; 训练10. drunk adj. 醉的11. due adj. 预期的;应付的;应有的12. dusk n. 黄昏13. dustbin n. 垃圾箱14. dynamic adj. 动力的; 有活力的15. dynasty n. 朝代, 王朝16. eagle n. 鹰17. ecology n. 生态学18. edge n. 边缘19. edition n. 版(本)20. effect n. 效果; 作用21. effort n. 努力, 艰难的尝试22. elder n. 长者; 前辈adj.年纪较长大的23. electric adj. 电的24. electrical adj. 电的; 有关电的25. electricity n. 电; 电流26. electronic adj. 电子的27. elegant adj. 文雅的, 端庄的, 雅致的28. embarrass v. 使困窘, 使局促不安29. embassy n. 大使馆30. emergency n. 紧急情况或状态必背短语:1. conentrate on集中精力于,全神贯注于2. be concerned about 关心,挂念3. be concerned with与...有关,涉及;参与4. as far as sb is concerned 就某人而言5. draw /reach /come to a conclusion 得出结论6. in conclusion 总之7. on condition that (连词) 如果;条件是8. living conditions 生活条件9. conduct an experiment 进行一个实验10. be confident about/of sth 对...有信心11. have confidence in sb/sth对某人/某事物有信心12. in conflict with 与...有冲突13. congratulate sb. on sth.祝在某方面祝贺某人14. be connected with 与…有联系/关联15. as a consequence /result=in consequence 结果Day 14必背单词:1. emperor n. 皇帝2. energetic adj. 精力旺盛的3. enjoyable adj. 愉快的,有趣的4. enlarge v. 扩大5. enquiry n. 询问6. enterprise n. 企业, 事业7. entertainment n. 娱乐8. enthusiastic adj. 热心的9. envy v. & n. 忌妒;羡慕10. equality n. 平等11. equipment n. 装备, 设备12. error n. 错误,差错13. erupt v. 喷出,爆发14. essay n. 散文,文章,随笔15. evaluate v. 评价,估计16. eventually adv. 最终地17. evidence n. 证据,证物18. evident adj. 明显的,显然的19. evolution n. 进展,发展,演变,进化20. exhibition n. 展览;展览会21. existence n. 存在;生存;存在物22. expand v. 使膨胀,扩张23. expectation n. 预料;期望24. expense n. 消费,支出25. experience n. 经验,经历26. explanation n. 解释,说明27. explicit adj. 外在的,清楚的,直率的28. explode v.(使)爆炸29. explore v. 探险,探测,探究30. export v. 输出,出口必背短语:1. as a consequence /result of=inconsequence of 由于2. take sth into consideration 考虑到3. consist of 由…组成(无被动)4. be consistent with 与…一致5. be under construction 正在修建中6. be content with 满足于7. be content to do 甘愿做某事8. on the contrary 相反,反之9. contrary to popular belief与普遍的看法相反10. contribute to 导致,有助于11. make a contribution to sth 对…做贡献12. at one’s convenience在某人方便的时候13. It is convenient for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事方便14. be convinced of 确信15. round / around the corner在附近;将要到来Day 15必背单词:1. expose v. 揭露,暴露2. extension n. 延伸,伸展3. extraordinary adj. 非同寻常的;离奇的4. extreme adj. 极端的,极度的5. facial adj. 面部的6. fade v. 褪色7. fairadj. 公平的, 合理的;(肤色)白皙的;(人)白肤金发的8. fair n. 集市;展览会9. fancyadj. 奇特的,异样的 v. 想象,设想 n. 爱好, 想象力10. fantasticadj. 奇特的;(口语)极好的,美妙的,很棒的11. fantasy n. 幻想,梦想12. fare n. 费用,票(价)13. fax n. 传真14. feast n. 宴会,酒席15. federal adj. 中央的;联邦的16. fee n. 费用17. fellow n. 同伴,伙伴18. fence n. 栅栏,围栏,篱笆19. ferry n. 渡船20. fibre (fiber) n. 纤维21. fiction n. 虚构,编造,小说22. fierce adj. 凶猛的;猛烈的23. figuren. 数字;图形;身型;人物 v. 演算;认为;判断24. finance n. 财政,金融,,财政学25. fireworks n. 焰火26. fist n. 拳(头)27. flame n. 火焰,光辉28. flashlight n. 手电29. flee (fled, fled) v. 逃走;逃跑30. flexible adj. 灵活的;有伸缩性的必背短语:1. at all costs 不惜任何代价2. count on sb/sth 依赖3. be crazy about热衷于4. to one’s credit值得赞扬5. cure sb of sth 治愈某人...6. cut through 抄近路穿过;走近路7. cut down砍倒;削减,缩小8. cut off 割掉,砍掉;切断;与外界隔绝9. cut up 切碎10. do/cause damage to 对...造成损害11. in danger of 有...的危险12. date back to / date from 追溯到...13. at dawn 在黎明14. be in debt 欠债15. go/get/run/slip into debt陷入债务之中Day 16必背单词:1. flesh n. 肉2. flightn. 航班;楼梯的一段 v. 成群飞行,迁徙3. flu n. 流感4. fluency n. 流利,流畅5. fluent adj. 流利的,流畅的6. foresee (-saw, -seen) v. 预见;预知7. forgetful adj. 健忘的8. forgive (forgave, forgiven)v. 原谅,宽恕9. format n. 版式,形式,格式10. formeradj. 以前的,从前的;(两者之中的)前者11. fortnight n. 两星期12. fortunate adj. 幸运的13. fortune n. 财产;运气14. fountain n. 喷泉15. franc n. 法郎16. fragile adj. 易碎的,脆的17. fragrant adj. 芬芳的,香的18. framework n. 构架,框架,结构19. frequent adj. 经常的;频繁的20. friction n. 摩擦,摩擦力21. frontiern. 边界;边境;边疆;未开拓领域22. frost n. 霜23. functionn. 官能,功能,作用 v. 活动,运行,行使职责24. fundamental adj. 基础的,基本的25. funeral n. 葬礼26. furnished adj. 配备了家具的27. gallery n. 画廊;美术品陈列室28. gallon n. 加仑29. garment n. 衣服,外衣30. geometry n. 几何学必背短语:1. pay off/clear/repay the debt 还清债务2. make a decision 作出一个决定3. declare war on 对...宣战4. decorate A with B 装饰,布置5. do a good deed 做一件好事6. a narrow defeat惜败7. in defense of 保卫...8. to a certain degree 在某种程度上9. delay doing sth推迟做某事10. take delight in 乐于...,以做某事为乐11. in great demand需求量很大12. depend on/upon 依靠,依赖13. It / That (all) depends.视情况而定14. be determined to do下定决心做某事15. be devoted to sth/doing sth致力于某事/做某事Day 17必背单词:1. glory n. 光荣;荣誉2. goose (geese) n. 鹅3. grain n. 谷物,粮食4. grand adj. 宏伟的5. graph n. 图表,曲线图6. gravity n. 地心引力,重力7. greedy adj. 贪婪的8. greengrocer n. 蔬菜水果商9. grill n. 烤架10. grocer n. 食品店11. grocery n. 食品,杂货12. guaranteev. 保证,担保 n.保证,保证书13. guidance n. 引导,指导14. guiltyadj. 有罪的;犯法的;做错事的15. gym =gymnasium n. 健身房;体育馆16. gymnastics n. 体操17. handle n. 柄,把 v. 处理18. handy adj. 手边的,就近的,便利的19. hang(hanged, hanged)v. 处(人)绞刑,上吊;(hung, hung) 悬挂,把…吊起20. hatch v. 孵化21. headline n. 标题22. heel n. 脚后跟23. helicopter n. 直升飞机24. helmet n. 头盔25. herb n. 草药26. holy adj. 神圣的27. hook n .钩子 v. 钩住, 沉迷, 上瘾28. hydrogen n. 氢29. identity n. 同一性, 身份30. identification n. 辨认, 鉴定, 证明必背短语:1. go/be on a diet节食2. make a difference to... 对...产生影响3. have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难4. in the direction of…朝….方向5. take advantage of利用,不公正地利用6. have an advantage over优于7. at a discount 以折扣价8. discourage sb from doing sth不鼓励某人做某事/使某人取消做某事的念头9. under discussion 在讨论中10. in the distance 在远处11. at a distance of+数字相隔...距离12. distinguish between A and B = distinguishA from B 区分A和B13. get divorced 离婚14. without / beyond doubt 毫无疑问15. be dressed in 穿着...Day 18必背单词:1. illegal adj. 违法的,不合规定的2. immigration n. 移民3. indicate v. 指出,显示,象征,预示4. initial adj. 最初的,词首的,初始的5. inn n. 旅店;小饭店6. innocentadj. 清白的, 无罪的, 天真的, 无知的7. insert v. 插入;嵌入8. inspect v. 检查;视察9. instant adj. 瞬间;刹那10. institute n. 研究所,学院11. institution n. 公共机构;协会12. instrument n. 乐器;工具,器械13. insurance n. 保险14. insure v. 给…保险15. intelligence n. 智力,聪明,智能16. interpreter n. 口译,翻译17. interval n. 间歇;间隔18. irrigation n. 灌溉19. jaw n. 下巴20. justice n. 正义;公正;司法21. kettle n. 水壶22. kindergarten n. 幼儿园23. lamb n. 羔羊24. lame adj. 跛的,瘸的25. lantern n. 灯笼;提灯26. lap n. 膝部;一圈27. laundry n. 洗衣店;要洗的衣服28. lay (laid, laid) v. 放,搁29. leak v. 漏;渗 n. 漏洞,泄漏30. leather n. 皮革必背短语:1. dress up 盛装打扮2. drink to 为…干杯3. drop in on sb/ at sp 顺便拜访人/某地4. drop out of sth 从…退出,不再参加…5. be due to do 预期干某事6. due to sb/sth 因为,由于7. be eager for sth/to do sth渴望某事/做某事8. earn a/one’s living谋生9. take it easy 别紧张,别着急10. take effect 开始起作用,见效11. come into effect生效12. have a … effect on sb/sth对某人/某物有….影响13. make an effort /make every effort to do 努力做某事14. spare no effort(s) to do sth不遗余力做某事15. in case of (an) emergency在紧急情况下,以防万一Day 19必背单词:1. lemonade n. 柠檬水2. liberty n. 自由; 自由权3. liberation n. 解放4. librarian n. 图书管理员5. license/ce n. 执照, 许可证6. lightning n. 闪电7. literature n. 文学8. literary adj. 文学的9. litre (liter) n. 升10. load n. 负荷, 重担11. lorry n.(英)运货汽车, 卡车12. lounge n. 休息厅; 休息室13. maid n. 女仆; 侍女14. maple n. 枫树15. marathon n. 马拉松16. marble n. 大理石17. mass n. 众多; 大量;(复)群众18. mat n. 席子, 垫子19. mature adj. 成熟的20. medium(复数 media)n.媒体, 方法, 媒介21. memorial n. 纪念馆22. merchant adj. 商业的; 商人的 n. 商人23. merciful adj. 仁慈的; 宽大的24. mercy n. 怜悯25. microscope n. 显微镜26. microwave n. 微波27. mineral n. 矿物质, 矿物28. minibus n.小型公共汽车29. minimum adj. 最小的30. minister n. 部长; 牧师必背短语:1. end up doing 最终做某事2. end...with...以...结束3. come to an end 结束,终止4. put an end to sth结束/终结某事5. be full of energy 充满活力,精力充沛6. enter for …报名参加…7. the entrance to the hall 大厅的入口8. the college entrance exanimation大学入学考试9. be enthusiastic about热衷于...,对...充满热情10. be equal to sth/doing 等同于;能胜任11. equip …with装备着...12. every other day=every second day=every two days 每隔一天,每两天13. to be exact 确切的说14. set an example to/for sb为某人竖立榜样15. takesth for example 以...为例Day 20必背单词:1. minority n. 少数; 少数民族2. minus prep. & adj. 负的, 减去的3. missile n. 导弹4. mobile adj. 活动的, 可移动的5. modem n. 调制解调器6. modest adj. 谦虚的; 谦逊的7. monument n. 纪念碑, 纪念物8. Moslem n. 穆斯林, 伊斯兰教徒9. mosquito n. 蚊子10. motivation n. 动机11. motto n. 箴言, 格言12. mourn v. 哀痛; 哀悼13. moustache n. 小胡子14. muddy adj. 多泥的, 泥泞的15. multiply v. 乘; 使相乘16. mustard n. 芥末, 芥子粉17. mutton n. 羊肉18. nail n. 钉子19. nationality n. 国籍20. navy n. 海军21. needle n. 针22. negotiate v. (与某人)商议, 谈判, 磋商23. neighbourhood (neighborhood) n. 四邻; 邻近地区24. nephew n. 侄子, 外甥25. network n. 网络, 网状系统26. niece n. 侄女, 甥女27. nuclear adj. 原子核的, 原子能的, 核动力的28. numb adj. 麻木的; 失去感觉的29. nursery n. 托儿所30. nutrition n. 营养必背短语:1. follow one’s example效仿某人,以某人为榜样2. in exchange for sth 用...交换3. come into existence 开始存在,成立4. live up to one’s expectations达到期望水平5. fall short of one’s expe ctations 没达到期望6. expose to 暴露于;处于...的影响下7. have an eye for sth 对…有鉴赏力8. keep an eye on sb/sth 照看/留意9. fade away 逐渐消失,慢慢褪去10. fail to do 未能做成某事11. words failed me 说不出话来;用言语无法表达12. fall behind 落后13. far from satisfactory 远非令人满意14. As/so far as I can see=In my opinion=Personally 依我看15. find fault with 挑剔,找茬Day 21必背单词:1. object n. 物体, 目标, 宾语, 对象 v. 反对, 拒绝, 抗议2. occupation n. 职业, 工作3. occupy v. 占, 占用, 占领, 占据4. offence n. 犯罪, 冒犯5. offshore adj. 近海的6. oppose v. 反对; 反抗7. opposite n. 相反, 对面 adj. 相反的, 对面的8. optimistic adj. 乐观的9. optional adj. 可选择的, 随意的10. orbit n. 轨道11. outline n. 大纲, 轮廓, 略图, 外形, 要点, 概要12. outspoken adj. 坦率直言的13. oval n. 椭圆 adj. 椭圆形的14. overlook v. 俯瞰, 耸出, 远眺, 没注意到15. oxygen n. 氧; 氧气16. paddle n. 桨17. parallel n. 平行线, 平行面18. patent n. 专利权, 执照, 专利品19. pavement n. 人行道, 公路20. pedestrian n. 步行者, 行人21. pension n. 养老金22. perfume n. 香味, 芳香, 香水23. permanent adj. 永久的, 持久的24. personnel n. 人员, 职员25. phenomenon (pl. phenomena ) n. 现象26. physician n. 医师, 内科医师27. physicist n. 物理学家28. plot n. 情节, 结构,阴谋 v. 秘密计划29. polish v. 擦亮, 发亮30. postage n. 邮费必背短语:1. in favor of 支持,赞同2. a feast for the eyes 大饱眼福3. figure out 算出,想出,弄明白4. feed on以...为食5. feel like doing想要做6. quite a few 不少,相当多7. on fire 着火8. in the flesh 亲自,本人9. focus on集中于,聚焦于。
(2021年整理)2012年高考英语猜词技巧
2012年高考英语猜词技巧编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(2012年高考英语猜词技巧)的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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2012年高考英语猜词技巧在平时的阅读和英语考试中,我们都会遇到生词,这很正常,也不可避免。
根据文章提供的上下文和掌握构词法猜测词义,是我们学习和掌握英语必须具备的能力。
对高考而言,这种能力尤为重要.从四年高考英语天津卷来看,阅读理解试题中总有一些题要考查同学们根据上下文和构词法知识猜出生词词义或熟词新义的能力.而从考试结果来看,猜词题一直都是难度大,区分度高的试题。
在这个项目上得分,可以使自己的高考英语成绩占有优势.2004年至2007年的试题中,在不同的语篇里,分别要猜collision,juvenile obesity,inheritable trait 和compassion等四个词(词组),虽然这几个猜词题都有很好的上下文,也有比较明显的“词干”提示,但考试的结果,其难度系数(正确选择率)却分别是:0。
23,0。
64,0.24和0。
13,猜词成了大部分同学的“滑铁卢”。
一、高考猜哪类词从近几年高考试题来看,猜词题既猜生词生义,也猜熟词生义;猜词里既有单词,又有短语;词类分布上,以实词(名词,动词,形容词,副词和代词等)为主。
1.生词生义例一:Food Network producer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television. He says Lieberman’s charisma is key。
2012年高考英语试题(湖北卷)解析
湖北卷21. 答案:A解析:句意:两位律师捐出5万美元来赞助我们学校的“救助贫困生”活动,这项活动是由我们的前任校长在三年前发起的。
本题考查动词的辨析:sponsor“赞助”,launch“发射;发起”,organize“组织”,plan“计划”。
sponsor最适合句意;launch有迷惑性,但此处选launch 的话与“我们的前任校长在三年前发起”相矛盾。
22. 答案:C解析:句意:最后,我要感激我的老师,是他为我的论文提出了大量建议和意见,并为之润色。
本题考查动词的辨析:approve“同意;赞成”,quote“引用”,polish“磨光;润色”,fold“折叠”。
为每一页手稿“润色”最合句意。
23. 答案:B解析:句意:一个人走在黑暗中,这个小男孩吹起了口哨好壮胆。
本题考查含有up的短语动词的辨析:hold up“举起;阻挡”,keep up“保持”,set up“建起”,take up“拿起;开始”。
此处易误以为take up courage“鼓起勇气”,但根据句意,此处应为“给自己壮胆;不害怕”,而keep up courage“保持勇气”就可以表示这层含义。
24. 答案:A解析:句意:我非常高兴您能到这里来亲自处理这个问题。
本题考查短语动词的辨析:lead to“通向;导致”,see to“处理;照顾”,turn to“转向;求助于”,refer to“提及;涉及;参考”。
根据句意,此处应为turn to this matter in person“亲自处理此事”。
25. 答案:B解析:句意:这件家具款式时尚、色彩亮丽,非常适合现代的花园楼房;不过,如果放在传统的家庭环境中就不协调了。
本题考查含有out of的短语的辨析:out of question“没问题”,out of order“出故障;混乱;不整齐”,out of sight“在视野外;看不见”,out of place“不在恰当的地方;不合适;不恰当”。
2024届高考英语复习阅读理解——词义猜测题策略与技巧精选全文
2021年
2020年
1短语
1单词
Safe!Safe!Safe! currency
1单词 concede
2单词collapsed 短语 an added meaning
1单词 keeping tabs on
2019年
1单词 stumble
2代词 I 短语tug at the heartstring 1短语 taking on
4
核查 Reread and confirm the answer 将初选定的答案代入原句,再读以确定答案
Game What does “overwhelmed” mean?
Before having the kids, we had nothing to do. But now we’re overwhelmed. 应接不暇的
1 同义或近义线索 synonym or near-synonym
猜一猜
1. Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
健谈的
同义或近义 synonym or near-synonym
利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的意思。 常见信号词:and,or,also,as...as,just as,similarly等
勇敢的
8. Their valorous manner of working on the front line fearlessly moved people.
利用上下文语境或者整篇文章的主旨大意来猜测词义。 要注意进行全面考虑,结合关键词和词语的搭配等。
归纳
I
Inference
超实用高考英语复习:阅读理解——词义猜测题 ---讲练
专题15 阅读理解:词意猜测题备考高考英语二轮复习命题解读词义猜测题考查的是考生根据上下文推断猜测猜测词语或句子的能力,也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
同时,考生应掌握一些猜词技巧,通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。
词句猜测题每套试卷一般为1题,但有一定难度,也是学生容易失分的题型。
考点分类词义猜测解体技巧一词语猜测题常见设问方式❖The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .❖In paragraph..., “...” can be replaced by “...”.❖“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as…❖By saying that “...” in the first paragraph, the author means that_____❖What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?❖Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?❖The underlined word /sentence in the ... paragraph could best be replaced by…❖Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?解题技能1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释。
这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
有时候利用上下文提供的语境和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析,从而推断词义,这是近几年考试重点,这种题型更能检查学生英语综合能力。
2012年高考英语单项选择题全面备考
2012年高考英语单项选择题全面备考2012年高考英语单项选择题是高考英语科目中的重点内容之一,考生在备考过程中需要对这一部分题型进行全面的准备。
本文将从准备要点、常见考点以及备考技巧等方面,对2012年高考英语单项选择题进行详细介绍。
一、准备要点1. 高频词汇掌握:在备考过程中,考生需要重点掌握2012年高考英语单项选择题中涉及的高频词汇。
通过阅读相关教材、刷题以及记忆词汇卡片等方法,加深对高频词汇的理解和记忆。
2. 语法知识强化:2012年高考英语单项选择题中会涉及大量的语法知识点,包括动词时态、代词用法、介词短语等。
考生需要通过系统学习和练习,不断巩固和强化自己的语法知识。
3. 阅读和理解能力提升:单项选择题不仅考察词汇和语法知识,还需要考生具备良好的阅读和理解能力。
考生可以通过多读英语文章、翻译句子和理解短文等方法,提高自己的阅读和理解能力。
二、常见考点1. 词义辨析:单项选择题中常常出现词义辨析的考点,考生需要根据句意和上下文的暗示来选择正确的答案。
在备考过程中,考生可以通过阅读英语文章、背诵生词以及做相关练习题来提高自己的词义辨析能力。
2. 语法知识运用:单项选择题中的语法知识考点很多,包括时态、语态、被动语态等。
考生需要通过大量的练习,熟练掌握各种语法知识的用法和运用。
3. 句型转换:单项选择题中常常会涉及到句子的转换和改写,考生需要通过积累常用的句型和短语,提高自己的语言表达能力,从而正确地完成句子转换。
三、备考技巧1. 注意选项排除法:在做单项选择题时,考生可以通过排除法来选择正确答案。
首先,将自己对题意的理解与选项进行比较,排除与题意不符的选项;其次,根据语法知识和句子结构等方面来判断选项的准确性,进一步缩小选项范围;最后,在剩下的选项中选择最合适的答案。
2. 重点记忆易混淆的词汇、短语和语法知识点:考生在备考中需要特别关注易混淆的词汇、短语和语法知识点,例如常见的同音异义词、近义词、相似的语法结构等。
英语复习:2012高考英语单项选择题难点练习和分析
英语复习:2012高考英语单项选择题难点练习和分析通过做各地2011年的高考英语卷的单项选择题,考生不仅能够发现高考的重点(情景交际、动词时态、非谓语动词、动词短语辨析、状语从句、定语从句、介词、冠词、情态动词),还能够了解自己的薄弱环节。
因此,一切建议先从试卷开始学起,然后再进行专项训练。
具体步骤如下:第一步,考生可以将单项选择题进行单独的分类整理。
所谓的分类整理是将各个考点的试题单独抽选出来。
整理的标准是:先从自己最薄弱的环节开始整理。
假如冠词考点,你逢做必错,或者逢做都必须猜测,那么就可以首先对其进行整理。
第二步,认真研究自己整理的高考真题。
各地的高考真题的大集合基本上囊括了一个考点的各种考查方式,通过全面研究,考生可以统筹并掌握各种考查方式,如果在考试中遇见该考点,相信考生丢分的可能性就大大降低了。
不过,这一个步骤要求考生如同在学习一个新的知识点一样认真,只有这样才能开展第三步的工作。
第三步,经过第二步的认真学习之后,考生可以开始进行专项训练了。
练习题怎么来呢?在第二轮复习的时候,考生一般都会做专题练习。
这些练习题都是老师从历年高考题或者其他优秀模拟题中精选出来的,考生一定不能随便做做了事。
下面以冠词考点和动词时态考点为例。
·冠词·在整理试题的时候,并非将所有考卷中的试题都整理出来,只要将同一个考点的不同考查方式整理全面即可。
1.简单的泛指与特指例1. (山东卷)Take your timeit’s just_____short distance from here to_____restaurant.A.不填;theB. a;theC. the;aD. 不填;a【解析】distance 是可数名词,意为距离,其前有形容词修饰时,用不定冠词a修饰表示一段的距离;后面的餐馆是双方都知道的,用the表示特指。
本句的意思是:不用着急从这里去餐馆只有一小段距离。
2012高考英语试题(重庆卷)解析
重庆卷21. 答案:B解析:句意:“John,我们什么时候再见面呢,星期四还是星期五?”“都不行,那时候我要去伦敦的。
”本题考查不定代词的用法。
根据语境22. 答案:B解析:句意:“Kevin,你看上去有点担心。
出什么事了?”“我参加了一场考试,正在等考试结果。
”本题考查时态。
根据语境,看上去担心,说明考完了,此处应选一般过去时。
23. 答案:A解析:句意:那天晚上由于被要求加班,我错过了一场好电影。
本题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。
句子主语I和ask to work overtime之间明显为被动关系,先排除B、C;分词的完成时形式表示该动作发生在句子谓语动词之前,“被要求加班”应发生在“错过电影”之前,故选A。
24. 答案:D解析:句意:Sam被任命为工程部经理以取代George。
本题考查冠词的用法。
表示官衔、职位的词前面通常不加冠词;take the place of“代替;取代”,固定短语。
25. 答案:C解析:句意:“你一定要打搅吗?难道你没看到我在打电话吗?”“对不起,先生。
不过,事情确实很急。
”本题考查情态动词的用法。
Must you…?“你一定要……吗?”,表示一种不满与谴责。
26. 答案:A解析:句意:“城市博物馆的现代艺术展被取消了。
”“哦,别呀。
真遗憾!”本题考查情景交际。
“Oh,no!”说明不愿接受该消息,所以会觉得遗憾。
27. 答案:B解析:句意:洪泛区的粮食储备快耗尽了,在耗尽前我们要立刻行动起来。
本题考查时态。
由句中的before there’s none left“在一点不剩前”,说明现在粮食储备还没耗尽,只是快要耗尽,are running out即“快要耗尽”之意。
28. 答案:A解析:句意:我们半小时后要开一次会议,会议上那个即将作出的决定将会影响我们公司的未来。
本题考查非谓语动词作定语。
四个选项都含有被动含义,但时态概念不同。
根据语境,“我们半小时后要开一次会议”,说明决议现在还没有作出,而是将要作出,所以此处应用有将来含义的to be made表达。
2012年英语复习备考策略——分析近三年陕西英语高考题
C
中国有句俗话:不听老人言吃亏在眼前。本文 议论文 254 95 349
大意是客观的评价了保持身体健康的“老人言”
的正确性
D
介绍一个新型的职业—航空投递员
说明文 291 161 452
E
怎样才能避免每个人心中由来已久的“民族优 议论文 292 116 408
越感”呢?本文从语言态度和价值观及风俗习
惯做了一些议论
备考策略
篇 句词
改错十大命题规律
1.上下文语义矛盾 2.缺漏和多余(介词、代词、冠词或连词) 3.介词误用 4.代词误用 5.非谓语动词错用(不定式、分词、动名词) 6.形容词、副词(包括比较级和最高级) 7.一致性方面的错误 8.用词不当(同义词、反义词、易混词) 9.逻辑关系混乱(因果、条件、让步等) 10.时态、语态错误
短文改错之考题分析
陕西 卷
名词 时态 非谓 主谓 形容 代词 介词 冠词 连词 逻辑 语态 语 一致 词/ 副词
2009 1
2
2
1
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2010
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
2011 1 3
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命题特点
(1)贴近生活,错误典型。选材贴近时代,贴 近生活。错误典型,既有逻辑方面的错误也 有基础方面的错误。 (2)考查全面,重视基础。出错地方基本涉及 高中阶段的所有语法项目,错误比较明显, 只要掌握基本的语法和句型,得高分就并不 是很难。 (3)重视语篇,强调运用。短文改错以语篇为 基础,要求考生在通读短文的基础上,发现 错误,分析错误,纠正错误。
2012年英语复习备考策略
——分析近三年陕西英语高考题
2012年高考英语试题(全国大纲卷Ⅱ)答案
2012年全国普通高等学校招生考试(全国大纲卷Ⅱ)英语答案1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.B6.D【解析】考查交际用语。
根据破折号后面的内容可知,答话人表示一切听从对方的安排,因此选择D项"由你决定"。
前三项分别表示"请自便""就这么定了""没问题",均不符合语境。
7.C【解析】考查冠词用法。
句意:他在跳高中错失了金牌,但在跳远中还有一次机会。
前一个空格处特指跳高中的金牌,故用the;后一个空格处是不定冠词与序数词连用表示"再一;又一"。
8.B【解析】考查定语从句。
句意:那天晚上,我工作到很晚,我以后会告诉你更多相关的情况。
which I will tell you more about later是非限制性定语从句,which在从句中作about的宾语,代指that evening。
9.D【解析】考查代词用法。
句意:Sarah赶到了机场,正好及时赶上了今天早上的飞机。
此处make it表示"及时到达,赶上",是固定搭配。
10.A【解析】考查非谓语动词。
句意:Tony把钱借给了我,希望我能为他做尽可能多的事情。
Tony与hope之间是主动关系,因此,此处用现在分词短语作状语。
11.A【解析】考查固定结构。
句意:我刚到办公室,我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。
本句是"hardly ...when ..."结构,表示"刚……就……"。
12.C【解析】考查动词短语辨析。
句意:我们开始着手刷整座房子,但是那天只刷完了前面的部分。
set out to do sth表示"着手做某事",符合句意。
其他三项均不符合句意。
13.B【解析】考查形容词的比较级和最高级。
句意:仅次于生物,我最喜欢物理。
此处是除了生物之外的多门学科的比较,所以用最高级形式。
2012年高考北京卷(英语)解释
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(北京卷)英语参考答案与解题提示听力部分略21.【答案】A【命题立意】考查连词。
难度较小。
【解题思路】句意为:看那些乌云!不必担心。
即使下雨,我们也将会玩得很尽兴的。
even if意为“即使,纵然”,“下雨”和“玩得尽兴”之间为让步关系。
故答案选A。
【知识拓展】B项意为“好像”,常用来引导表语从句或方式状语从句;C项意为“万一,如果”,常用来引导目的状语从句或条件状语从句;D项意为“要是,但愿”,常用来引导表示假设虚拟的条件状语从句。
22.【答案】C【命题立意】考查动词时态。
难度中等。
【解题思路】句意为:到你看完这本书的时候,饭菜就凉了。
根据“By the time you have finished this book(到你看完这本书的时候)”可知,“饭菜凉了”所表示的动作发生在“看完这本书”所表示的动作之后,所以要用一般将来时。
故答案选C。
【题眼】本题的解题关键在于正确理解题意,判断“By the time you have finished this book”和“饭菜凉了”所表示的动作发生的先后顺序。
【知识拓展】A项为一般现在时,用来表示现在发生的客观现实情况或真理;B项为现在完成时,用来表示到目前为止已经完成或发生的动作或强调对现在造成的结果或影响;D项为现在进行时,用来表示目前某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。
23.【答案】D【命题立意】考查并列结构。
难度中等。
【解题思路】句意为:一个人学会一门语言是要通过犯错误并纠正错误来实现的。
连接词and前后应为并列结构,即and前后两种形式要保持一致。
故答案选D。
【知识拓展】英语中常用于并列结构的词还有:but,rather than,as well as, or else, instead of等。
24.【答案】C【命题立意】考查连词。
难度中等。
【解题思路】句意为:杰瑞不后悔作出评论,但感觉自己本可以用一种不同的方式来表达。
2012年高考英语试题(全国大纲卷Ⅰ)答案
2012年全国普通高等学校招生考试(全国大纲卷Ⅰ)英语答案1-5 CABCA 6-10 CBBCC 11-15 ABBAC 16-20 BAACA21.A【解析】本题考查交际用语。
空格处句意:我不介意。
答语的下一句提到任何一个都可以,由此可知说话人不介意。
B项表示"我确信",C项通常用来表示事情容易做或乐于相助,D项表示允许,都不符合语境。
22.C【解析】本题考查冠词的用法。
句意:Sarah满意地看着那幅完工的油画。
根据painting 前的修饰成分finished可知是特指那幅画;后一个空格后的satisfaction是抽象名词并且表示泛指,不用冠词。
23.C【解析】本题考查时态。
句意:"人生就像在雪中走路,"奶奶过去经常说,"因为每一步都留有足迹。
"本句叙述的是客观事实,所以用一般现在时。
此处show用作不及物动词,意为"露出,显出"。
24.D【解析】本题考查名词性从句。
句意:总统能做什么来结束罢工,这点完全不清楚。
本句中的It是形式主语,真正的主语是从句what the president can do to end the strike。
在从句中,what作do的宾语。
25.B【解析】本题考查连词的用法。
句意:虽然我得说你的确看起来很面熟,但是我相信我们以前没有见过面。
结合前后两部分的内容可知后半句引导的是让步状语从句。
A项表示"因此",C项表示"因为,自从",D项表示"除非",语意逻辑都不恰当。
26.D【解析】本题考查形容词的级。
句意:结果对我们来说不太重要,但是如果我们确实赢了,那就更好了。
so much the better表示"那就更好了"。
此处是获胜与不获胜的比较,所以用比较级。
27.B【解析】本题考查动词短语辨析。
句意:Mary真的很擅长在课堂上做笔记。
2012高考英语试题解析
2012高考英语试题解析2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试笔试部分全解析第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节单项琪空(共15小题:每小题1分,满分15分)从A. B. C. D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选硕,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例: It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B.21 .- Which one of these do you want?-_______Either will do.A. I don't mindB. I'm sureC. No problemD. Go ahead解析:根据回答“Either will do(两者中任何一个都行)”因此答案应该选A. I don’t mind(我不介意)22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction.A.不填; aB. a; theC. the;不填D. the; a解析:本题翻译为“Sarah 满意地看着已完成了的油画”油画属于特指前面应加“the”, “satisfaction”不可数,另外名词“满意”不需要特指,因此前面什么也不加。
答案为C23. "Life is like walking in the snow", Granny used to say, "because every stepA. has shownB. is showingC. showsD. showed解析:本体可以翻译为:奶奶过去常说,“生活就像在雪中行走”,大家可以想象一下,一场雪后原来的路都被覆盖了,所以每一步都需要重新踏出,因此每一步都是一般现在时。
阅读理解之猜测词义之定义解释法
怎样猜测词义词义猜测题的命题分析1. 词义猜测题的命题依据高考英语主要考查的是考生对于高中英语基础知识和基本技能的掌握情况,侧重考查考生的综合语言运用能力,特别是运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力。
词义猜测题正是对于这种能力的具体考查,它是从特定的角度考查考生的阅读理解能力和处理生词的能力,对此英语课程标准和高考英语考试大纲都有具体的要求。
英语课程标准的要求是:能够根据情景及上下文猜测不熟悉的语言现象。
高考英语考试大纲要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等,并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能:1.理解主旨和要义;2.理解文中具体信息;3.根据上下文推断生词的词义;4.作出判断和推理;5.理解文章的基本结构;6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
2. 词义猜测题的设问特点词义猜测题的提问关键词为mean, refer to, be replaced等。
常见的设问方式有:(1) The underlined word ―___‖ in the second passage probably means ―___‖.(2) Which of the following words can best take the place of the word ―___‖ in the first paragraph?(3) What does the underlined word ―___‖ in Paragraph 3 refer to?(4) The underlined word ―___‖ in Paragraph 1 is nearest /closest in meaning to ―___‖.(5)The word ―……‖ refers to/ probably means/ could best be replaced by _______(6)The word ―……‖ is most likely to mean____(7)What do you think the expression ―……‖ stands for? _____(8)By saying ―……‖ we mean_______(9)―……‖ as used in the passage, can be be st defined as _______.(10)The underlined word /phrase/ sentence ―……‖ means_______.3.词义猜测题的选项特点(1)正确选项的特点● 忠实于原文的语言,即在文字表述上基本和原文相关语句一致。
2012年高考湖北英语试题解析
2012年高考湖北英语试题解析第二部分:词汇知识运用第一节:多项填空。
21.A【命题立意】考查动词辨析。
难度中等。
【解题思路】该句意为:两位律师捐赠了5,0000美元赞助我校“帮助贫困生”活动……A项意为“赞助”,符合句意;B项意为“发射,开办”,C项意为“组织”,D项意为“计划”,都与句意不同。
故A项正确。
22.C【命题立意】考查动词辨析。
难度中等。
【解题思路】句意为:最后,我要感谢我的辅导老师,他给我的论文提出了很多批评和建议,并对每张稿件作了推敲。
C项意为“推敲”,符合句意,故C项正确。
A项意为“通过”,B项意为“引用”,D项意为“折叠”,都与句意不符。
23. B【命题立意】考查动词短语辨析。
难度中等。
【解题思路】句意为:独自在黑暗中行走,男孩吹口哨保持勇气。
B项意为“维持,不使低落”,符合句意。
A项意为“举起”,C项意为“建立”,D项意为“拿起”,都与句意不符。
24. B【命题立意】考查动词短语辨析。
难度中等。
【解题思路】句意为:很高兴你能来亲自负责这起事件。
B项意为“负责”,符合句意;A项意为“导致”,C项意为“向……求助”,D项意为“参考”,都与语意不符。
25.D【命题立意】考查介词短语辨析。
难度中等。
【解题思路】句意为:这套家具款式新潮,色泽明丽,与新式房屋和花园配套,但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。
D项意为“与……不相称”,符合句意。
A 项意为“毫无疑问”,B项意为“次序颠倒”,C项意为“看不见”,都与句意不符。
26. A【命题立意】考查副词辨析。
难度中等。
【解题思路】句意为:“看来我们要请史密斯先生来看看我们对此如何处理”,父亲对到此讨论此问题的邻居试探性地说。
A项“试探性地”,符合语境。
B项意为“欠考虑地”,C项意为“明确地”,D项意为“粗鲁地”,都与语境不符。
27. D【命题立意】考查形容词辨析。
难度中等。
【解题思路】句意为:你能区分“require”和“request”的细微差别吗……,D项意为“细微的”,符合句意。
2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习 阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧
2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧考情分析词义猜测题主要考查考生根据文章内容和所学知识推测词义的能力,包括考查生词词义和熟词新义,或是一些短语的引申意义或是一句话的含义。
今几年来的高考阅读理解题中,词义猜测类题越来越受到命题者的青睐,如2011年高考试题中,大部分地区的试卷都有词义猜测题,有的地区的一套试卷上甚至出现了2~3道词义猜测题,预计2012年各地高考也将会不同程度地考查考生对词义的理解能力。
要点突破词义猜测题常见的命题形式有;What does the underlined word “…”mean in the passage?The word“…”refer to/probably means .The underlined word “…”in Paragraph…means .What do you think the expression“”stands for?“”as used in the passage can best be defined as .猜测词义的方法和技巧根据定义、解释和复述猜测词义猜测词义的方法很多,其中一条是根据定义或解释来猜测其意义。
这种情况下,生词往往出现在前面,定义或解释往往跟在生词的后面,由or或破折号引出。
生词的意义也就清楚了。
复述也是一种解释方法,即用不同的词语重复表达同一内容。
复述部分可以是单词、短语,也可以是从句或句子。
在做这类题时,要注意复述和被复述部分往往构成同位语关系,在句中多用逗号连接,有时也用破折号、冒号或分号来连接。
有时他们中间还常常插入一个起解释作用的标志语如or,or rather,that is to say,that is,namely,in other words 等来强调这种同位关系。
例:(2010.福建,B 篇)Across the developing world, around 45% of families had a TV in 1995;by 2005 the number had climbed about 60%.That is some way behind the U.S.,where there are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the internet. Five millions more families in Sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fall of Taliban, which had outlawed TV,1 in 5 Afghans had one. The global total is another 150 million by 2013-pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.60.The underlined word “outlawed”in Paragraph 2 probably means“”.A. allowedB. bannedC. offeredD. refused分析;由文意可知,2005年塔利班垮台以后,1/5的啊富汗人有了电视,说明在这之前电视是禁止的。
五大方法巧解高考英语词义猜测题
五大方法巧解高考英语词义猜测题根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一,也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查,还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外,在阅读理解文章中,总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围,但又没有附加注释,也需要考生猜测,这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定,每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过2道。
但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大,试题难度稍有增加。
例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中,有部分超纲单词(如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释,另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。
这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词汇表内,又未加注释,这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题,还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义,这样才能透彻地理解文章,完成阅读理解任务。
词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面:生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。
常见的设问形式主要有以下几种:What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean?What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...?Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...? 无论是直接的词义猜测题,还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词,我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。
2012高考英语复习资料之难点讲解大全难点23有章可循的主旨大意题
难点23 有章可循的主旨大意题阅读中的主旨大意题主要是考查学生在阅读全文的基础上归纳总结文意的能力,然而,学生在阅读中常犯的毛病之一就是:只见树木,不见森林。
●难点磁场1.(★★★★★) A World of OpportunityThe New York Times is now better than ever.All the more reason to order home delivery now.NEW-SEPARATE sections for The Arts.Monday through Thursday,and Sports 7 daysa week that you can pull out,take with you or pass along.NEW-The Dining In,Dining Out section,Wednesdays,a banquet(宴席) of great meals you can make yourself,order up or eat out.NEW-The House & Home s ection.Thursdays,filled with useful,interesting features and articles about making the most of all sorts of living spaces.NEW-An expanded,two-part Weekend section.Fridays,with more ideas about movies,shows,art exhibitions,outdoor and indoor recreations.Latest news and sports results daily.And of course,daily world and nationalnews,Sunday’s special sections and all the other great features you’ll continueto find in The Times.Find out just how much YOU can benefit from The Times every day.Call 1-800-331-1969 or use the postage-paid order card to order convenient home delivery at 50% OFF our regular price.Question 1:The main idea of this advertisement is that ________.A.many opportunities will be provided just to those who order home deliveryB.several new sections have been printed separately from now onC.readers can be well informed of the latest news and sports resultsD.people can pick up all the information they are interested in2.(★★★★★)Millions of people use contact lenses(隐形眼镜).For anyone who doesn’t mind sticking his fingers in his eyes,there are clear advantages:contacts correct vision better than glasses,are less often crushed underfoot,don’t make you look boring,and come in a huge variety of forms——soft,firm,colored,and even theatrical.More and more people are turning to use of contact lenses.But are they safe?Latest research from Australia shows that not all chemicals are effective inkilling all germs(细菌)——and some of these germs can cause blindness in just 24 hours.While most problems with contacts still can go back to poor hygiene(卫生)or overuse,not all sight-threatening conditions only happen to those who wash theirlenses under the tap or decide,while tired and emotional,to sleep in their lensesfor the third night running.Two of the biggest eye-damaging killers——protozoan acanthamoeba and bacteria pseudomonas——are all around us,in our homes and water supplies.This seeminglyharmless pair can cause blindness through keratitis(disease of the cornea).“The cornea(角膜)is like a five-layered sandwich”,says Raymond C urran,a doctor from Omagh,Northern Ireland.“Once the bacteria get into a layer they can reproduce there and turn the cornea opaque(too dark to see through).”An optician(验光师)may see one possibly sight-threatening case each month,but at an eye hospital there may be several each week.Acanthamoeba,often seeminglymild,can be misjudged until it is too late.Meanwhile,pseudomonas,more seriously,can cause increasing sight loss with each hour that passes.If not treated immediately,patients may need a corneal replacement.And the really bad news,according to Professor Roger Buckley,at the Moorfields eye hospital in London,is that acanthamoeba is“one of the hardest germs on Earth”——it can survive in Antarctica.Question 2:In the passage the writer mainly wants to tell us ________.A.the possible danger of contactsB.the importance of keeping contacts cleanC.some doctors’ opinions about contactsD.the advantages and disadvantages of contacts3.(★★★★★)With only about1000 pandas left in the world,China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种).That’s a move similar to what a Texas A&M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”.Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs,embryos(胚胎),semen a nd DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen.If certain species should become extinct,Dr.Duane Kraemer,a professor in Texas A&M’s College of Veterinary Medicine,says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroducethe species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2 000 species of mammals,birds and reptileswill become extinct in over 100 years.The panda,native only to China,is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.This week,Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit.They are now t ryingto implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.“The nuclear transfer(核子移植)of one species to another is not easy,and the lack of available (capable of being used)panda eggs could be a major problem.”Kraemer believes.“They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to resultin one pregnancy (having a baby).It takes a long time and it’s difficult,but this could be groundbreaking science if it works.They are certainly not puttingany live pandas at risk,so it is worth the effort,”adds Kraemer,who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A&M,the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something that’s never been done,and this is very similarto our work in Noah’s Ark.We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction.I certainly appreciate their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what theyare attempting to do.It’s a research that is very much needed”.Question 3:The best title for the passage may be .A.China’s Success in Pandas CloningB.The First Cloned Panda in the WorldC.Exploring the Possibility to Clone PandasD.China——the Native Place of Pandas Forever4.(★★★★★)American women experience a great variety of lifestyles. A“typical” American woman m ay be single . She may also be divorced or married. She may be a homemaker, a doctor, or a factory worker. It is very difficult to generalize about American. However, one thing that many A merican women have in common is their attitude about themselves and their role in American life.Historically , American women have always been very independent . The firstsettlers to come to New E ngland were of ten young couples who had left behind their extended family (i.e. their parents , sisters, cousins, etc.).The women w ere alone in a new, undeveloped country with their husbands. This had two important effects. First of all, this as yet uncivilized (未开化)environment (环境)demanded that every person share in developing it and in survival (生存).Women worked with their husbands and children to make t hemselves accepted in this new land. Second, because they were in a new land without the established (确定的)influence of older members o f society , women felt free to step into nontraditional roles.This role of women w as strengthened in later years as Americans moved west,again leaving family behind and meeting a new environment. Even later, in the East, asnew settlers arrived , the women o ften found jobs more easily than men. Women became the supporters of the family.Within the established lifestyle of industrialized twentieth century America,the strong role of women w as not as attractive as in the early days of the country. Some women were active outside the home; others were not. However , when Americanmen w ent to war in the 1940s, women s tepped into the men’s jobs as factory and business workers. After the war, some women s tayed in these positions , and others left their jobs with a new sense of their own ability.Question 4:What is the main idea of this passage?A.Different life styles led by the American women.B.American women were free to step into nontraditional roles.C.American women worked hard to establish their roles in American historyD.American women were independent because they did not have to follow theregulations (rules)at all.●案例探究1.There are many famous museums throughout the world where people can enjoyart.Washington D.C.,the US,has the National Gallery of Art;Paris has the Louver,London,the British Museum.Florida International University(FIU) in Miami,the US a lso shows art for visitors to see.And it does so without a building,or even a wall for its drawings and paintings.FIU has opened what it says is the first computer art museum in the UnitedStates.You don’t have to visit the University to see the art.You just need a computer linked to a telephone.You can call the telephone number of a university computer and connect your owncomputer to it.All of the art is stored in the school computer.It is computerart,produced electronically by artists on their own computers.In only a few minutes,your computer can receive and copy all the pictures and drawings.Robert Shostak is director of the new computer museum.He says he started themuseum because computer artists had no place to show their work.A computer artist could record his pictures electronically and send the records,or floppy discs,to others to see on their computers.He could also put hispictures on paper,of course.But to print good pictures on paper,the computer artist needed an expensive laser printer.Robert Shostak says the electronic museum is mainly for art or computer students in schools and universities.Many of the pictures in the museum are made by thestudents.Mr. Shostak said the FIU museum will make c omputer art more fun for computer artists because more people can see it.He says artists enjoy their work much moreif they have an audience.And the great number of home computers in America couldmean a huge audience for his electronic museum.Question:The main purpose of this text is to give information about ________.A.famous museums throughout the worldB.an electronic art museum in Miami,U.S.A.C.art exhibitions in Florida International Universitytest development in computer art命题意图:本题主要考查学生的归纳概括能力,属五星级题目。
2022高考英语复习资料之难点讲解大全难点25依赖语境的词义猜测题
2022高考英语复习资料之难点讲解大全难点25依赖语境的词义猜测题推测词义题要求学生依照以往所学知识,对上下文的明白得及自身的生活体会等推测生词意义或仅从字面无法确认其意义的短语的准确含义,是阅读明白得题中的难点。
●难点磁场1.(★★★★)Mental health care in China has dramatically improved over the last 10 years,according to experts.Increasing numbers of urban Chinese are today seeking counselling on a wide range of issues related to mental health.“We receive more than 120 visitors a day right now—20 per cent up over that of 1998,”said Zhang Haiyin,chief doctor with the Shanghai Mental Health Centre.Ten years ago,the centre received 70 to 80 visitors a week.To accommodate the growing number of patients,the clinic has had to extend its service from five days to seven days a week.Most of the counselling focuses on problems to do with education,employment,family life,relationships as well as mental distress,trouble and insomnia.White-collar workers are the major recipients of counselling,accounting for 30 percent of total patients,said Zhang.“The growing visits indicate Chinese people pay more attention to their quality of life.They have a better understanding that mental health is as improtant as physical well-being.”Chen Zhigang,an employee of a foreign-funded consulting firm in Beijing,felt depressed and was encouraged by friends to seek mental health counselling.The doctor found he was suffering as a result of workplace pressure and competition.After several months of treatment,he was back to full health.“Mental health counselling helped reduce my pressure,”said Chen.But many people are still reluctant to use counselling services.Zhu Chengyi,a railway worker from Shanghai,is unwilling to seek help.“I will not go for it.It is too embarrassing for me,”said Zhu.“How can I tell my colleagues and family that I am seeking mental health counselling?They would think I was crazy.”Zhang said a lack of information about mental health care prevented the grown of services in China.He said a standardized training system was required to make sure all mental health doctors were properly trained.“In Western countries,mental health counselling has a wide range of methods for consultation and treatment.We need to improve our training to upgrade our services.”Question:1.The underlined word “extend” in Paragraph 4 means ________.A.pay attention toB.feel like doingC.enlarge and lengthenD.reduce2.(★★★★★)Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary ofall their absent-minded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyse their embarrassing errors, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups.One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog cer ear-rings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her car. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her ear-rings. But somehow the action got reversed(颠倒) in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these“Programme assembly failure.”Twenty per cent of all errors were “test failures”—primarily due to not verifying the progress of what a body was doing. A man about to get his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on—much to his surprise. A woman victim reported: “I got into the bath with my socks on.”The commonest problem was information “storage failures”. People forgot the names of people whose faces they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.The research so far suggests that while the “central processor” of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practised routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be “captured” by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.Questions:2.The word “verifying” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ________.A.improvingB.changingC.checkingD.stopping3.According to the passage, the information “storage failures” refer to ________.A.the destruction of information collecting systemB.the elimination of one’s total memoryC.the temporary loss of part of one’s memoryD.the separation of one’s action from consciousness3.(★★★★)One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease. The death rate (率) from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying more attention to reducing stress (压力) in their work.However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. Instead of supporting such programs, however, the U. S. health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical (外科的) treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis (强调) on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have takenplace in the past ten to fifteen years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky (有风险的) a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S. hospitals. The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery.Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention. Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery-even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary—because the equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example, only 15 percent of patient improved their conditions after the surgery. However, more than 100 000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year.Question:4.“To do this” (in Paragraph 3) means ________.A.to help patients recoverB.to increase the number of heart surgeriesC.to get back the money spent on the equipmentD.to buy new equipment for the treatment of heart disease4.(★★★★★)Some of the best-known names in the entertainment industry have taken part in an unprecedented telethon to help victims of the terrorist attacks in the United States.The benefit (义演),called“America:a Tribute to Heroes,”was sponsored by all four major U.S. television networks,ABC,CBS,FOX and NBC.It was broadcast by three-dozen television,cable and radio networks across the country and aired live to more than a hundred countries around the world.Hollywood stars joined music entertainers in asking listeners and viewers to pledge cash donations to charities helping the victims of the September 11th attacks.Actors,including Tom Hanks,Julia Roberts,Tom Cruise and Clint Eastwood,told stories of heroic acts by people who tried to save others from the burning World Trade Center and the Pentagon.Former heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali made a rare public appearance in a show of support.The appeals alternated with performances by such popular entertainers as Bruce Springsteen,Mariah Carey,Stevie Wonder,Paul Simon and the rock band U—2.They appeared on stages in New York,Los Angeles and London,decorated with hundreds of burning candles.Singer Billy Joel sang “New York State of Mind”with a New York City firefighter’s hat on his piano.Sting dedicated his song “Fragile”to a friend who died in the World Trade Center.Stevie Wonder condemned hatres in the name of religion before singing his song “Love’s in Need of Love Today”.Pledge phones were manned by dozensof other celebrities,including Jack Nicholson,Meg Ryan,Whoopie Goldberg,Cindy Crawford,Al Pacino and Sylvester Stallone.Organizers say the two-hour telethon raised millions of dollars.All participants,from stars to stagehands,worked without pay.Question:5.The underlined word “telethon” most probably means ________.A.a performance to raise moneyB.a concert held by some television networksC.a television program which lasts a long timeD.a television program for entertainment●案例探究1.A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of two,ages 4 and 18 months.“Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents,and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement.But it really doesn’t have to be that way,”said st summer,Anaclerio and her friend Jill Carlisle,a Northbrook mother of a 2-year-old,founded a home party-planning business called “A Party in a Basket”.Their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning,like choosing the subject or making a cake,while they take care of everything.Drawing on their experiences as mothers,they have created(制作) 10 ready-to-use,home party packages.Everything a family needs to plan a party,except the cake and ice cream,is delivered to the home in a large basket.“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,”Anaclerio said,“and they’re very interactive(互动) and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.For example,at the Soda Shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful ice cream creations.”The standard $200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitation,gifts,games and prizes,paper goods,a party planner and the like.For more information,call Anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141.Question:What does the underlined word “hassle”(Paragraph 1) probably mean?A.a party designed by specialistsB.a plan requiring careful thoughtC.a situation causing difficulty or troubleD.a demand made by guests命题意图:本题考查学生通过上下文推测词义的能力,实际上也是考查学生的推理判定能力。
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难点25 依赖语境的词义猜测题猜测词义题要求学生根据以往所学知识,对上下文的理解及自身的生活经验等猜测生词意义或仅从字面无法确认其意义的短语的准确含义,是阅读理解题中的难点。
●难点磁场1.(★★★★)Mental health care in China has dramatically improved over the last 10 years,according to experts.Increasing numbers of urban Chinese are today seeking counselling on a wide range of issues related to mental health.“We receive more than 120 visitors a day right now—20 per cent up over that of 1998,”said Zhang Haiyin,chief doctor with the Shanghai Mental Health Centre.Ten years ago,the centre received 70 to 80 visitors a week.To accommodate the growing number of patients,the clinic has had to extend its service from five days to seven days a week.Most of the counselling focuses on problems to do with education,employment,family life,relationships as well as mental distress,trouble and insomnia.White-collar workers are the major recipients of counselling,accounting for 30 percent of total patients,said Zhang.“The growing visits indicate Chinese people pay more attention to their quality of life.They have a better understanding that mental health is as improtant as physical well-being.”Chen Zhigang,an employee of a foreign-funded consulting firm in Beijing,felt depressed and was encouraged by friends to seek mental health counselling.The doctor found he was suffering as a result of workplace pressure and competition.After several months of treatment,he was back to full health.“Mental health counselling helped reduce my pressure,”said Chen.But many people are still reluctant to use counselling services.Zhu Chengyi,a railway worker from Shanghai,is unwilling to seek help.“I will not go for it.It is too embarrassing for me,”said Zhu.“How can I tell my colleagues and family that I am seeking mental health counselling?They would think I was crazy.”Zhang said a lack of information about mental health care prevented the grown of services in China.He said a standardized training system was required to make sure all mental health doctors were properly trained.“In Western countries,mental health counselling has a wide range of methods for consultation and treatment.We need to improve our training to upgrade our services.”Question:1.The underlined word “extend” in Paragraph 4 means ________.A.pay attention toB.feel like doingC.enlarge and lengthenD.reduce2.(★★★★★)Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyse their embarrassing errors, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into afew groups.One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog cer ear-rings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her car. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her ear-rings. But somehow the action got reversed(颠倒) in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these“Programme assembly failure.”Twenty per cent of all errors were “test failures”—primarily due to not verifying the progress of what a body was doing. A man about to get his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on—much to his surprise. A woman victim reported: “I got into the bath with my socks on.”The commonest problem was information “storage failures”. People forgot the names of people whose faces they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.The research so far suggests that while the “central processor” of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practised routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be “captured” by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.Questions:2.The word “verifying” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ________.A.improvingB.changingC.checkingD.stopping3.According to the passage, the information “storage failures” refer to ________.A.the destruction of information collecting systemB.the elimination of one’s total memoryC.the temporary loss of part of one’s memoryD.the separation of one’s action from consciousness3.(★★★★)One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease. The death rate (率) from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Medical experts know that people can reduce their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying more attention to reducing stress (压力) in their work.However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. Instead of supporting such programs, however, the U. S. health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical (外科的) treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis (强调) on treatment clearly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were consideredimpossible or too risky (有风险的) a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S. hospitals. The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery.Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts interest and money away from the question of prevention. Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their patients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery-even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessary—because the equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major heart surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example, only 15 percent of patient improved their conditions after the surgery. However, more than 100 000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year.Question:4.“To do this” (in Paragraph 3) means ________.A.to help patients recoverB.to increase the number of heart surgeriesC.to get back the money spent on the equipmentD.to buy new equipment for the treatment of heart disease4.(★★★★★)Some of the best-known names in the entertainment industry have taken part in an unprecedented telethon to help victims of the terrorist attacks in the United States.The benefit (义演),called“America:a Tribute to Heroes,”was sponsored by all four major U.S. television networks,ABC,CBS,FOX and NBC.It was broadcast by three-dozen television,cable and radio networks across the country and aired live to more than a hundred countries around the world.Hollywood stars joined music entertainers in asking listeners and viewers to pledge cash donations to charities helping the victims of the September 11th attacks.Actors,including Tom Hanks,Julia Roberts,Tom Cruise and Clint Eastwood,told stories of heroic acts by people who tried to save others from the burning World Trade Center and the Pentagon.Former heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali made a rare public appearance in a show of support.The appeals alternated with performances by such popular entertainers as Bruce Springsteen,Mariah Carey,Stevie Wonder,Paul Simon and the rock band U—2.They appeared on stages in New York,Los Angeles and London,decorated with hundreds of burning candles.Singer Billy Joel sang “New York State of Mind”with a New York City firefighter’s hat on his piano.Sting dedicated his song “Fragile”to a friend who died in the World Trade Center.Stevie Wonder condemned hatres in the name of religion before singing his song “Love’s in Need of Love Today”.Pledge phones were manned by dozens of other celebrities,including Jack Nicholson,Meg Ryan,Whoopie Goldberg,Cindy Crawford,Al Pacino and Sylvester Stallone.Organizers say the two-hour telethon raised millions of dollars.All participants,from stars to stagehands,worked without pay.Question:5.The underlined word “telethon” most probably means ________.A.a performance to raise moneyB.a concert held by some television networksC.a television program which lasts a long timeD.a television program for entertainment●案例探究1.A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of two,ages 4 and 18 months.“Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of the parents,and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement.But it really doesn’t have to be that way,”said st summer,Anaclerio and her friend Jill Carlisle,a Northbrook mother of a 2-year-old,founded a home party-planning business called “A Party in a Basket”.Their goal is to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning,like choosing the subject or making a cake,while they take care of everything.Drawing on their experiences as mothers,they have created(制作) 10 ready-to-use,home party packages.Everything a family needs to plan a party,except the cake and ice cream,is delivered to the home in a large basket.“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,”Anaclerio said,“and they’re very interactive(互动) and creative in that they build a sense of drama based on a subject.For example,at the Soda Shoppe party the guests become waiters and waitresses and build wonderful ice cream creations.”The standard $200 package for eight children includes a basket filled with invitation,gifts,games and prizes,paper goods,a party planner and the like.For more information,call Anaclerio at 708-864-6584 or Carlisle at 708-205-9141.Question:What does the underlined word “hassle”(Paragraph 1) probably mean?A.a party designed by specialistsB.a plan requiring careful thoughtC.a situation causing difficulty or troubleD.a demand made by guests命题意图:本题考查学生通过上下文猜测词义的能力,实际上也是考查学生的推理判断能力。