非谓语动词被动语态归纳及练演示教学
被动语态讲解(讲解很详细,练习很到位)ppt课件
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改为被动语态
His brother washes bowls every day.
主
谓 宾(受动者)
Bowls are washed by his brother every day.
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They play football on Sunday.
Football is played by them on Sunday.
Lucy does the homework in the evening.
The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.
e.g. They make us do all the work.
The whole country was very sad at the news of his death;
People had considered him to be a great leader.
He had been considered to be a great leader.
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10: 动词不定式的被动语态 1. be to do---- be to be done 2. be going to do---be going to be done 3. Be about to do---be about to be done Eg: He is to read a novel
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被动语态中的特殊情况
1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时，在变为被动语 态时，仍然要带上介词。
高考语法专题-非谓语v-ing的被动语态+课件-2025届高三上学期英语一轮复习
语态 主动形式 被动形式 时态
一般时 (not) doing (not) being done
完成时 (not)
(not) having
having done been done
一、意义 1.一般时表示一个被动的动作正在进 行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时 发生。
That building being repaired is our library.
The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan. 决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制定一个 好的规划了。
Review
动词-ing形式的被动式由“being + 动词的过去分词”构成。它表示 一个正在进行或与谓语表示的动 作同时发生的被动动作。
question, she couldn’t refuse. 2. Having been given such a good
chance, how would you not value it at all?
三、动词ing形式被动式的复合结构
当动词ing形式被动式的逻辑主语与句子 的主语不一致时，要在动词ing形式之前 加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结 构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替 物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)
I heard her ___________ (sing) a song in her room.
You’ll find the topic _b_e_i_n_g_d__is_c_u_s_s_ed (discuss) everywhere now.
用作状语 1. Being asked to answer the
(完整版)非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形.docx
非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被的基本构: be+ done（以 the book , publish例）一般在 /去：The book is/ was published .一般 /去将来 :The book will/would be published.The book is/was going to be published.在 /去行：The book is/was being published .在 /去完成 :The book has/had been published .情：The book can/could/may/might⋯be published .二、不定式的被动式的基础知识：主被一般式to do to be done完成式to have done to have been done行式to be doing没有被完成行式to have been doing没有被1）一般式：（ not/never ） to be done2）完成式：（ not/ never） to have been done （表示不定式作生在之前）三、▲通常在 believe, suppose, say, report 等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换 .如 :They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式 (to be done).法功能：1．作主：It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2．作：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3．构成复合：4．构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room .5．作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?6．作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式 to have been done（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作），在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：It is a good thing for him to have been criticized. （主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. ( 宾语 )）He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1． There be结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
(完整)高中英语被动语态讲解与练习.doc
高中英语被动语态总结一、被动语态的构成形式1.被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be＋过去分词构成， be 随时态的变化而变化。
以do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1)am/is/are +done ( 过去分词 ) 一般现在时2 ） has /have been done现在完成时3） am/is /are being done现在进行时4） was/were done一般过去时5） had been done过去完成时6） was/were being done过去进行时7） shall/will be done一般将来时8） should/would be done过去将来时9） shall/will have been done将来完成时（少用）10） should/would have been done过去将来完成时（少用）2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
其形式为：情态动词＋ be＋过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his motherfor his birthday.3)当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
例 Someonecaught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to 。
非谓语动词公开课PPT课件
非谓语动词作状语时，通常放在 句首或句末，前面跟着一个逗号
或连词。
非谓语动词作状语时，有时可以 用to do、doing、done等不定
式或动名词形式。
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非谓语动词练习题及解析
单项选择题练习
总结词：考察非谓语动词 的基本用法和辨析
题目1：The book _____ in the library needs to be borrowed soon.
方式、时间、条件等。
过去分词作为非谓语动词的用法
过去分词作为主语
过去分词可以作为句子的主语 ，表示已经完成的动作或行为
。
过去分词作为表语
过去分词可以作为表语，表示 主语的性质、状态或特征。
过去分词作为宾语
过去分词可以作为动词的宾语 ，表示该动作或行为已经完成 。
过去分词作为状语
过去分词可以作为状语，修饰 谓语动词，表示动作或行为的
详细描述
非谓语动词在句子中可以代替从句或 主句，使句子结构更加简洁紧凑；同 时，非谓语动词还可以表达更丰富的 意义和语气，使句子更加生动有力。
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非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词的时态
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02
03
一般式
不定式的一般式表示动作 尚未发生或即将发生，ing形式的一般式表示动 作正在进行或持续进行。
完成式
总结词
提升非谓语动词在中文语境中的 应用能力
题目1
他昨天在公园里偶然遇见的那个女 孩现在成了他的女朋友。
题目2
这本书是如此有趣，我读完之后还 想再读一遍。
THANKS
感谢观看
、条件等。2
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04
现在分词作为主语
现在分词可以作为句子的主语 ，表示正在进行的动作或行为
高中英语 高考专题被动语态讲解和练习
被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态。
学习被动语态，除了要熟练掌握各种时态的被动语态构成外，还要注意哪些动词没有被动语态，避免将一些不及物动词，如happen, occur, belong, remain等，误当作及物动词而用在被动结构之中。
另外，一些特殊现象，如主动形式表示被动意义与被动形式表示主动意义等，也是学习中应注意的问题。
★主动语态变为被动语态时，通常采用如下步骤：1. 宾语→主语（若为宾格须变为主格）；2. 谓语动词→be + 过去分词（注意be有人称、数和时态的变化）；3. 主语→（根据句意需要）by + 主动语态句子的主语（若为主格须变为宾格）；4. 其余部分→其余部分。
e.g.主动语态：We speak English every day.主语谓动宾语状语(其余部分)被动语态：English is spoken (by us) every day.考点一被动语态的构成考点二被动语态的适用范围1. 强调或突出动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时，e.g.Immediate action should be taken to protect the environment.2. 不知道或无需说出动作的执行者时，e.g.--Have you heard about that fire in the market?--Yes, fortunately no one was hurt.Many buildings will be built in our city.3. 动作的执行者是无声民的事物时，e.g.The window glass was broken by a stone.考点三主动形式表示被动意义1. 谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义①●be动词：am/is/are/was/were●感官系动词：look/sound/smell/taste/feel系动词●表“像”系动词：seem/appear●表“保持”系动词：keep/stay/remain●表“变化”系动词：become/go/get/turn/grow/fall (asleep)/come (true)●表“结果”系动词：prove/turn out (to be)e.g. These flowers smells very nice.The story sounds true.His dream has come true.Einstein’s theory proved (to be) correct.②sell, wash, burn, cook, clean, cut,read, write,open, lock, shut, keep(保存)等，当他们与well, easily等副词连用，说明主语的某种属性特征时，常用主动形式表被动意义。
非谓语动词被动语态归纳与练习
非谓语动词被动语态归纳与练习非谓语动词被动语态归纳与练习当不定式或动词的-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系时，要用其用被动式。
其形式归纳如下：不定式To be done To have been done动词-ing形式Being done Having been done对非谓语动词被动语态的考查在高考中也是较常见的。
例1：Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. （92全国）A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking【分析】答案选A。
句子主语Little Jim与take是被动关系，“被带去看戏”发生在“想(should love=want)”后，所以用不定式的被动式作宾语。
例2：After he became conscious, he remembered _______ and ________ on the head with a rod. 【06江西】A. to attack; hitB. to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hitD. having been attacked; hit【分析】特殊情况：“remember”接动名词的一般式或完成式均表示“记得已经发生过的事”，句子的主语he与并列的attack，hit是被动关系，答案应选D。
例3：At the beginning of the class,the noise of desks_____could be heard outside the classrooms.（07全国II）A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedB. being opened and closed D. to open and close【分析】动词-ing形式的被动语态为“being done”。
非谓语动词语法讲解演示教学ppt课件.ppt
*一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如：realize， know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式 如：I began to realize I had been wrong. We hate to lose the chance . Now we are beginning to see it more clearly.
being made going
having been made (不作定语）
having gone (不作定语）
made(表被动） gone(表完成）
to be made to go
to have been to have gone made
×
to be going
从使用情况来看，闭胸式的使用比较 广泛。 敞开式 盾构之 中有挤 压式盾 构、全 部敞开 式盾构 ，但在 近些年 的城市 地下工 程施工 中已很 少使用 ，在此 不再说 明。
语
to perform on. √
❖ 2. Having given her opinion about the building,
she left the meeting.
作
Having been used for a long time, the computer 状
needs repairing.
❖ 3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing.
Having been told several times, 可以写成=Told several times,
(完整版)非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形
非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态★被动语态的基本结构: be+ done（以the book , publish 为例）一般现在/过去时：The book is/ was published.一般/过去将来时:The book will/would be published.The book is/was going to be published.现在/过去进行时：The book is/was being published.现在/过去完成时:The book has/had been published.情态动词：The book can/could/may/might…be published.1）一般式：（not/never ）to be done2）完成式：（not/ never）to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）三、▲通常在believe, suppose, say, report等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换.如:They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被杀了.四、当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式(to be done).语法功能：1．作主语：It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2．作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3．构成复合宾语：He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.4．构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.5．作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?6．作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式to have been done（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作），在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1．There be 结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。
高中英语非谓语动词语法讲解(共60张PPT)
The platform which has been built will be used
语
to perform on. √
❖ 2. Having given her opinion about the building,
she left the meeting.
作
Having been used for a long time, the computer 状
(3)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式意义相近：
❖ like，love, hate, dislike, begin, start, prefer， continue, intend，attempt等.
e.g：I prefer making (to make) an outline before I do my oral
Written in simple English, the book is easy to read
❖ 2. Being used by me now,the bike can’t be lent to you.
❖ 3. Having been used for many years, the bike needs repairing.
I prefer to stay at home today．(具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling．(惯常行为)
*一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如：realize， know，understand，see，lose等，多用不定式 如：I began to realize I had been wrong.
❖ 2.Japan is a developed country =a country which has developed.
公开课《被动语态》ppt课件
注意语言习惯
在转换语态时，要注意目标语言的表达习惯，确保译文自然流畅。
常见问题及注意事项
避免过度使用 虽然被动语态在某些情况下很有用，但过度使用会使文章 显得呆板乏味，因此要注意适度使用。
确保主语明确 在使用被动语态时，要确保主语明确，避免产生歧义或让 读者感到困惑。
含义
表示主语所承受的动作使 其处于某种状态或发生某 种变化。
例句
She was found lying on
the
ground
unconscious.（她被发现
躺在地上，不省人事。）
被动语态在写作和翻译中运用
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策略
写作中如何恰当使用被动语态
选用恰当的动词
使用被动语态时，动词的 选择非常重要，要确保动 词能够准确表达句子的意 思。
注意时态和语态的一致 在使用被动语态时，要注意保持时态和语态的一致性，避 免出现语法错误。
06 总结回顾与拓展延伸
关键知识点总结
被动语态的构成 be动词+过去分词
被动语态的时态
一般现在时、一般过去 时、一般将来时、现在 进行时等
被动语态的用途
强调动作承受者、使语 句更客观、简洁等
特殊被动语态
带情态动词的被动语态、 带不定式的被动语态等
will be done，表示将来某个时间要发生的被动动作。
完成时与被动语态结合
现在完成进行时的被动语态
have/has been being done，表示“从过去一直持续到现在并 且还在被做”的动作。
过去完成进行时的被动语态
had been being done，表示“过去的过去一直持续到过去某个 时间并且还在被做”的动作。
初中英语被动语态讲解及练习(共47张PPT)
e.g. They look after the new students in the school.
被动句：The new students are looked after by them in the school.
2这.当些动动词词带真有奇双怪宾，语主(动有句宾中补t)o, 并离且开宾，补被是动省句 中去to“回to来”。的（动l词et不，定ha式ve时，，m在a被ke动，语fe态el中， se应e 加,w上at“cht,oh”ear,notice…)
e.g. They make us do all the ork. 被动句：We are made to do all the work
The dishes __is_c_l_e_a_n_e_dby mother every day.
主动：Children plant trees in spring. 被动： Trees are planted by children in spring. 一般疑问句： Are trees planted by children in spring?
• Lucy does the homework today.
The homework is done by Lucy today.
• They often use computers in class. Computers are often used by them in class.
• We make these machines in Beijing. These machines are made in Beijing.
高中英语被动语态讲解与练习整理
高中英语被动语态讲解一、被动语态的构成：动作承受者+助动词be（各种时态）+及物动词的过去分词+（by+动作发出者）二、1. That boy breaks the glass.The glass is broken by that boy.三、被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。
以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1. We request visitors not to touch the exhibits.(do)Visitors ___________ not to touch the exhibits (by us).( am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时被动语态)：boss gave me ten minutes to decide whether i should reject the offer. (did)I ___________ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer (by the boss).（was/were done 一般过去时被动语态）will/shall lose hundreds of jobs if the factory closes.(will/shall do)Hundreds of jobs ____________if the factory closes.(will/shall be done)The city is going to hold the winter Olympic Games.(be going to do )The winter Olympic Games_____________ by the city.(be going to be done )The cat is about to catch the mouse when I come in.(be about to do)\The mouse ____________________ by the cat when i come in.(be about to be done)I am to buy a car in the coming month.(be to do)A car ________________ by me in the coming month.(be to be done)(will/shall/be going to/be about to/be to +be done)一般将来时被动语态引申:People would/should/ were going to/were about to/were to send the news to soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.The news __________________________________________ the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.have completed all the preparation for the task. (have done)！All the preparations for the task _______________ by us.(have been done)(have been done)现在完成时被动语态5.By the end of last year, Beijing had completed another new gym.(had done)By the end of last year, another new gym ______________in Beijing.(had been done)(had been done)过去完成时被动语态6.We will have completed the project before September.(will have done)The project ____________________________ before July(will have been done).(will have been done)将来完成时被动语态《7. The city is building a new cinema here.(be doing)A new cinema _____________ here by the city.(be being done)(be being done)现在进行时被动语态were holding a meeting when I was there.(be doing)A meeting _________________ when I was there.(be being done)(be being done)过去进行时被动语态三. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。
微课系列----非谓语动词的被动(二)主动表被动
一 动名词的被动式（being done）
①用作句子的主语。如：
Being exposed to the sunlight too long will do harm to our skin.
Translation：在公园里被拍照惹怒了那位女士。
刘献平英语名师工作室 刘献平英语名师工作室
三 动词不定式的被动式
It’s a great honour to be invited to speak at the conference.
②用作某些动词的宾语。如： ①用作句子的真正主语。如：
to be interviewed(interview) The beautiful lady refused ____________________
Translation:突然他发现自己正被一个年轻男子跟随。
Suddenly，he found himself being followed by a young man .
刘献平英语名师工作室 刘献平英语名师工作室
二 现在分词的被动形式 (一般式being done /完成式having been done)
③用作表语。如:
The question is what is to be done next.
④用作主语补足语。如：
No child is allowed to be left alone in the mountain.
I’d like all the exercises _________________ to be handed inin time .(hand in)
比较：to be done（表将来的被动动作）、done（表过去的被动动作）、 being done（表现在正在进行的被动动作）作后置定语的区别：
被动语态和非谓语动词
04 被动语态与非谓语动词的练习
练习一：填空题
总结词
理解句子结构
详细描述
通过填空题的形式，让学生根据句子结构和语法规则，选择正确的被动语态或非 谓语动词形式填空，以检验学生对被动语态和非谓语动词的理解。
练习二：选择题
总结词
辨析相似形式
详细描述
通过选择题的形式，让学生从多个选项中选择正确的被动语态或非谓语动词形式，以检验学生对相似形式的辨析 能力。
思考
在学习过程中，我思考了如何在实际 语境中运用被动语态和非谓语动词， 以及如何避免常见的错误使用。
下节课预告
• 下节课我们将继续深入探讨英语语法中的其他重要知识点，包 括虚拟语气、定语从句等。我们将通过丰富的实例和练习来巩 固所学知识，并提高我们的英语语言表达能力。请同学们做好 预习和复习工作，积极参与课堂讨论和练习，共同提高我们的 英语水平。
非谓语动词的种类
01
02
03
不定式
表示未发生的动作，常用 于目的状语和宾语补足语。
动名词
表示已完成的动作或状态， 常用于主语、宾语和表语。
分词
表示被动或主动的动作， 常用于定语、状语和补足 语。
非谓语动词的用法
非谓语动词可以在句 子中代替从句，使句 子结构更加紧凑。
非谓语动词可以作为 独立成分，表达独立 的意义或情感态度。
当不知道或不需要指出动作执行者时，使用被动语态。
在科技文献、新闻报道等客观性较强的文体中，使用被动语态可以增强表述的客观 性。
02 非谓语动词的介绍
什么是非谓语动词
非谓语动词是动词的一种形式，它们在句子中不作为谓语使 用，而是作为其他成分出现，如主语、宾语、定语、状语等 。
非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式（to do）、动名词（doing） 和分词（done）。
高二英语非谓语动词的被动形式课件 人教
to be so well received
to be taken out of the reading-room
to be announced
⑥用作名词的后置定语。如： Are you going to the banquet ___________ at the embassy? 你打算去参加大使馆的宴会吗？ It will be the first such project _____________ by Chinese engineers. 这将是中国工程师设计的第一项这种类型的工程。
being repaired
being carried out
being discussed
being built
③构成独立主格结构作状语。如： The key_______________, she couldn’t enter her room. 由于钥匙丢了，所以她进不了屋. The decision________________, the next problem was how to make a good plan. 决定作出后，下一个问题就是如何制定一个好计划
带ing的词：
I can’t help crying.
I look forward to seeing my family again.
Girls should learn how to avoid being hurt.
v-ing的形式
时态
主动
C
D
3.The book is very____ and I find him ____ in it A. interesting; interesting B. interested. Interested C. interesting; interested D. interested; interesting
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非谓语动词被动语态归纳及练习(2010-01-12 15:33:06)转载▼标签：非谓语被动教育分类：语法知识当不定式或动词的-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间构成被动关系时，要用其用被动式。
其形式归纳如下：不定式To be done To have been done动词-ing形式Being done Having been done对非谓语动词被动语态的考查在高考中也是较常见的。
例1：Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. （92全国）A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking【分析】答案选A。
句子主语Little Jim与take是被动关系，“被带去看戏”发生在“想(should love=want)”后，所以用不定式的被动式作宾语。
例2：After he became conscious, he remembered _______ and ________ on the head with a rod. 【06江西】A. to attack; hitB. to be attacked; to be hitC. attacking; be hitD. having been attacked; hit 【分析】特殊情况：“remember”接动名词的一般式或完成式均表示“记得已经发生过的事”，句子的主语he与并列的attack，hit是被动关系，答案应选D。
例3：At the beginning of the class,the noise of desks_____could be heard outside the classrooms.（07全国II）A. opened and closedB. to be opened and closedB. being opened and closed D. to open and close【分析】动词-ing形式的被动语态为“being done”。
根据所提供的情景课判断出在上课的开始可以听到桌子被打开和关上的声音。
Desks与open,close之间为被动关系，且充当介词of的宾语，因此使用动词-ing形式的被动语态。
例4：----Where is George? He said he would meet me at 3 o’clock.----He seems ____ with Mr. Brown in the office.（2000全国）A. to talkB. to be talkingC.to have talkedD. talking【分析】seem 后接动词不定式作宾语，此处根据情景：他似乎正在和布朗先生在办公室说话，应该用不定式的进行式，故选B。
说明：一．动词不定式用主动形式表被动含义的情况：在作表语或宾补的形容词后用状语时；作定语修饰have, there be, this / that / these / those be等后面的名词或代词时；作表语的to blame，to let, to rent等。
如：1. The text is difficult to learn. 这篇课文很难学。
(to learn主动表被动)2. We found the text difficult to learn. 我们觉得这篇课文很难学。
(to learn主动表被动)3. He was to blame for that. 他因此受到了责备。
(作表语的to blame主动表被动)4. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have an ything ________ ?A. to be buyingB. to buyC. for buyingD. bought【分析】答案选B。
表示“有…要…”，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
5. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ____.【08全国卷I】A. to be breathedB. to breatheC. breathingD. being breathed 【分析】在主系表结构中，当表语形容词为good, light,heavy, difficult等时，其后常用不定式作状语，表示时间，原因，结果等，且常用主动形式表示被动意义，因此选B。
二．need, want和require表示“需要”，主语通常是物时，后面除用不定式的被动式外，也可用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动。
如：There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ________ road conditions need ________. (05上海卷)A. that; to be improvedB. which; to be improvedC. where; improvingD. when; improving【分析】答案选A。
need improving=need to be improved。
that引导的从句与problem是同位语。
练一练：1. (2002)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains____whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen2. (2002上海) ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed3．(2002春招)Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying4. (2002上海春招)When_____, the museum will he open to the public next year.A. completedB. completingC. being completedD. to be completed5. (2003上海)The discovery of new evidence led to______.A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught6. (2003上海春招)Friendship is like money: easier made than ____.A. keptB. to be keptC. keepingD. being kept7. (2003上海春招)Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.A. invitedB. invitingC. being invitedD. having invited8. (04辽宁) I don't know whether you happen ________ , but I'm going to study in the U.S.A. this September.A. to be heardB. to be hearingC. to hearD. to have heard9. (04上海)The flu is believed ________ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused10. （05湖北卷）______from other continents for millions of years ,Australia hasmany plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A．Being separated B．Having separated C．Having been separated D．To be separated11. （05上海卷）He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______ the good opportunity.A. to loseB. losingC. to be lostD. being lost12. （05辽宁卷）All these gifts must be mailed immediately _______ in time for Christmas.A．in order to have received B．in order to receive C．so as to be received D．so as to be receiving13. (94)The first textbooks_____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written14. (94)The missing boys were last seen_____ near the river.A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play15. (05北京卷)The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China.A. payingB. paidC. to be paidD. being paid16. (05北京卷) I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise __________.A. going onB. goes onC. went onD. to go on17.（05山东卷）Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reached B. reaching C. to reachD. to be reaching18. (05广东卷) He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.A. notingB. notedC. to noteD. having noted19. (05广东卷)He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.A. to findB. findingC. foundD. to have found20. （05湖北卷）The repairs cost a lot ,but it’s money well ______.A．to spend B．spent C．being spent D．spendingKeys:BCBAC; ACACC; CCDAB; ABAAB。