不定式省略to的规则
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不定式省略to的规则
山东省民族中等专业学校赵敏焦燕
不定式一般带有符号to,它不能单独作谓语,在省去to以后,可以与助动词、情态动词一起构成合成谓语。这是常见的用法。此外,在下列情况下,不定式也需将to省掉。
1、不定式与一些固定词组构成合成谓语时,必须省去to。
常见的固定词组有:
had better 最好
would/had rather+v(than+v) 宁可(前者),也不(后者)
would/had sooner+v(than +v)
can/could not but 不得不,禁不住,非……不可
can/could not choose but
do nothing but+v 只是
do no/not more than+v 仅仅
could do nothing else than+v 不得不
2、在一些表示感观、使役意义的动词后面跟不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式须省去to。
常见的有:make, let, have;see,watch,notice,look at ,observe;hear,listen to ,help,feel等。
3、在介词but,except,besides,than等前面若有实意动词do时,常用不带to的不定式作介词宾语。如果没有do,不可省to。例如:
Tom did nothing except clean the dishes.
He did nothing else than laugh.
What do you like to do besides swim?
He seldom goes there except to look at Mary.
4、在动词help后面跟不定式作宾语时,常常省去to(也可以带to)。例如:
Can I help carry it for you?
They often help ( to ) sweep the floors.
5、在主–系–表句型中,如果句中主语部分有实意动词do,作表语的不定式可以省去to。例如:
All she did was turn off the light.
6、在go,come,run,hurry up,stay,wait,try等词之后常用“and+不带to的不定式”。
在这一结构中,and后的不定式起目的状语作用。它主要用于祈使句,也可用在陈述句中。
Go and tell them to stop talking.
Come and have a rest.
Stay and have dinner.
Try and get some water.
7、and,or可以连接并列的不定式,第二个不定式前通常省去to ;另外在第一个不定式后跟多个结构上并列的不定式时,通常第一个不定式带to,后
面的可省去to。例如:
In the old days, he never got enough to eat or wear.
Youngsters should dare to think, speak and act.
We are anxious to learn from other countries and share their experience.
8、在以why或why not开头的句子中,why(not)之后不定式不带to。例如
Why not go out for a walk?
Why do you come here so late?