Methodology老外关于写作与 科研的讲案
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This section describes the steps you followed in conducting your study and the materials you used at each step.The method section is useful to readers who want to know how the methodology of your study may have influenced your results, or who are interested in replicating or extending your study.
10
wk.baidu.com
• 4. case study: the background, development, current conditions and environmental interactions of one or more individuals, groups, communities, businesses or institutions is observed, recorded and analyzed for stages of patterns in relation to internal and external influences.
section
2
Purpose
The method section answers these two main questions:
1. How was the data collected or generated? 2. How was it analyzed?
In other words, it shows your reader how you obtained your results.
7
• The methodology should also discuss the problems that were anticipated and explain the steps taken to prevent them from occurring, and the problems that did occur and the ways their impact was minimized.
Research Methodology
1
Lecture topics:
• Purpose • Different types of research • Examples of method sections • Common problems • Language conventions in method
5
• Often there are different methods that we can use to investigate a research problem. Your methodology should make clear the reasons why you chose a particular method or procedure.
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH
• 1. analysis: classes of data are collected and studies conducted to discern patterns and formulate principles that might guide future action.
• 2. comparison: two or more existing situations are studied to determine their similarities and differences.
• 3. correlation-prediction: statistically significant correlation coefficients between and among a number of factors are sought and interpreted.
• The reader wants to know that the data was collected or generated in a way that is consistent with accepted practice in the field of study.
6
• The research methods must be appropriate to the objectives of the study. If you perform a case study of one commuter in order to investigate users' perceptions of the efficiency of public transport in Shanghai, your method of giving questionnaire is obviously unsuited to your objectives.
4
But why do you need to explain how you obtained your results?
• We need to know how the data was obtained because the method affects the results. Knowing how the data was collected helps the reader evaluate the validity and reliability of your results, and the conclusions you draw from them.
8
• In some cases, it is useful for other researchers to adapt or replicate your methodology, so often sufficient information is given to allow others to use the work. This is particularly the case when a new method had been developed, or an innovative adaptation used.
This section describes the steps you followed in conducting your study and the materials you used at each step.The method section is useful to readers who want to know how the methodology of your study may have influenced your results, or who are interested in replicating or extending your study.
10
wk.baidu.com
• 4. case study: the background, development, current conditions and environmental interactions of one or more individuals, groups, communities, businesses or institutions is observed, recorded and analyzed for stages of patterns in relation to internal and external influences.
section
2
Purpose
The method section answers these two main questions:
1. How was the data collected or generated? 2. How was it analyzed?
In other words, it shows your reader how you obtained your results.
7
• The methodology should also discuss the problems that were anticipated and explain the steps taken to prevent them from occurring, and the problems that did occur and the ways their impact was minimized.
Research Methodology
1
Lecture topics:
• Purpose • Different types of research • Examples of method sections • Common problems • Language conventions in method
5
• Often there are different methods that we can use to investigate a research problem. Your methodology should make clear the reasons why you chose a particular method or procedure.
9
DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESEARCH
• 1. analysis: classes of data are collected and studies conducted to discern patterns and formulate principles that might guide future action.
• 2. comparison: two or more existing situations are studied to determine their similarities and differences.
• 3. correlation-prediction: statistically significant correlation coefficients between and among a number of factors are sought and interpreted.
• The reader wants to know that the data was collected or generated in a way that is consistent with accepted practice in the field of study.
6
• The research methods must be appropriate to the objectives of the study. If you perform a case study of one commuter in order to investigate users' perceptions of the efficiency of public transport in Shanghai, your method of giving questionnaire is obviously unsuited to your objectives.
4
But why do you need to explain how you obtained your results?
• We need to know how the data was obtained because the method affects the results. Knowing how the data was collected helps the reader evaluate the validity and reliability of your results, and the conclusions you draw from them.
8
• In some cases, it is useful for other researchers to adapt or replicate your methodology, so often sufficient information is given to allow others to use the work. This is particularly the case when a new method had been developed, or an innovative adaptation used.