模拟试卷四

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中考数学模拟试卷(4)含答案解析

中考数学模拟试卷(4)含答案解析

中考数学模拟试卷(四)一.选择题(共9小题,满分45分,每小题5分)1.(5分)在﹣0.1428中用数字3替换其中的一个非0数码后,使所得的数最大,则被替换的字是()A.1 B.2 C.4 D.82.(5分)一个空间几何体的主视图和左视图都是边长为2的正方形,俯视图是一个圆,那么这个几何体的表面积是()A.6πB.4πC.8πD.43.(5分)若分式的值为0,则x的值等于()A.0 B.±3 C.3 D.﹣34.(5分)下列事件是随机事件的是()A.购买一张福利彩票,中奖B.在一个标准大气压下,加热到100℃,水沸腾C.有一名运动员奔跑的速度是80米/秒D.在一个仅装着白球和黑球的袋中摸球,摸出红球5.(5分)下列运算正确的是()A.3a2+a=3a3B.2a3•(﹣a2)=2a5C.4a6+2a2=2a3D.(﹣3a)2﹣a2=8a2 6.(5分)如图,已知直线AB、CD被直线AC所截,AB∥CD,E是平面内任意一点(点E不在直线AB、CD、AC上),设∠BAE=α,∠DCE=β.下列各式:①α+β,②α﹣β,③β﹣α,④360°﹣α﹣β,∠AEC的度数可能是()A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.①②③④7.(5分)若α、β是一元二次方程x2+3x﹣6=0的两个不相等的根,则α2﹣3β的值是()A.3 B.15 C.﹣3 D.﹣158.(5分)在今年抗震赈灾活动中,小明统计了自己所在的甲、乙两班的捐款情况,得到三个信息:(1)甲班捐款2500元,乙班捐款2700元;(2)乙班平均每人捐款数比甲班平均每人捐款数多;(3)甲班比乙班多5人,设甲班有x人,根据以上信息列方程得()A.B.C.×(1+)=D.9.(5分)已知:圆内接四边形ABCD中,对角线AC⊥BD,AB>CD.若CD=4,则AB的弦心距为()A.B.2 C.D.二.填空题(共6小题,满分30分,每小题5分)10.(5分)分解因式:16m2﹣4=.11.(5分)如果反比例函数y=(k≠0)的图象在每个象限内,y随着x的增大而减小,那么请你写出一个满足条件的反比例函数解析式(只需写一个).12.(5分)一个扇形统计图,某一部分所对应扇形的圆心角为120°,则该部分在总体中所占有的百分比是%.13.(5分)元旦到了,商店进行打折促销活动.妈妈以八折的优惠购买了一件运动服,节省30元,那么妈妈购买这件衣服实际花费了元.14.(5分)如图,线段AB=10,点P在线段AB上,在AB的同侧分别以AP、BP 为边长作正方形APCD和BPEF,点M、N分别是EF、CD的中点,则MN的最小值是.15.(5分)如图,△ABC中,BC的垂直平分线DP与∠BAC的角平分线相交于点D,垂足为点P,若∠BAC=84°,则∠BDC=.三.解答题(共4小题,满分30分)16.(6分)计算:.17.(6分)解关于x的不等式组:,其中a为参数.18.(8分)如图,E,F是四边形ABCD的对角线AC上两点,AF=CE,DF=BE,DF∥BE.求证:(1)△AFD≌△CEB;(2)四边形ABCD是平行四边形.19.(10分)如图,为了测量某建筑物CD的高度,先在地面上用测角仪自A处测得建筑物顶部的仰角是α,然后在水平地面上向建筑物前进了m米,此时自B 处测得建筑物顶部的仰角是β.已知测角仪的高度是n米,请你计算出该建筑物的高度.四.解答题(共4小题,满分45分)20.(10分)小王同学在学校组织的社会调查活动中负责了解他所居住的小区450户居民的生活用水情况,他从中随机调查了50户居民的月均用水量(单位:t),并绘制了样本的频数分布表和频数分布直方图(如图).月均用水量频数百分比(单位:t)2≤x<324%3≤x<41224%4≤x<55≤x<61020%6≤x<712%7≤x<836%8≤x<924%(1)请根据题中已有的信息补全频数分布表和频数分布直方图;(2)如果家庭月均用水量“大于或等于4t且小于7t”为中等用水量家庭,请你估计总体小王所居住的小区中等用水量家庭大约有多少户?(3)从月均用水量在2≤x<3,8≤x<9这两个范围内的样本家庭中任意抽取2个,请用列举法(画树状图或列表)求抽取出的2个家庭来自不同范围的概率.21.(10分)A、B两辆汽车同时从相距330千米的甲、乙两地相向而行,s(千米)表示汽车与甲地的距离,t(分)表示汽车行驶的时间,如图,L1,L2分别表示两辆汽车的s与t的关系.(1)L1表示哪辆汽车到甲地的距离与行驶时间的关系?(2)汽车B的速度是多少?(3)求L1,L2分别表示的两辆汽车的s与t的关系式.(4)2小时后,两车相距多少千米?(5)行驶多长时间后,A、B两车相遇?22.(12分)如图,⊙O半径为1,AB是⊙O的直径,C是⊙O上一点,连接AC,⊙O外的一点D 在直线AB上.(1)若AC=,OB=BD.①求证:CD是⊙O的切线.②阴影部分的面积是.(结果保留π)(2)当点C在⊙O上运动时,若CD是⊙O的切线,探究∠CDO与∠OAC的数量关系.23.(13分)已知,抛物线y=ax2+ax+b(a≠0)与直线y=2x+m有一个公共点M (1,0),且a<b.(1)求b与a的关系式和抛物线的顶点D坐标(用a的代数式表示);(2)直线与抛物线的另外一个交点记为N,求△DMN的面积与a的关系式;(3)a=﹣1时,直线y=﹣2x与抛物线在第二象限交于点G,点G、H关于原点对称,现将线段GH沿y轴向上平移t个单位(t>0),若线段GH与抛物线有两个不同的公共点,试求t的取值范围.中考数学模拟试卷(四)参考答案与试题解析一.选择题(共9小题,满分45分,每小题5分)1.【解答】解:逐个代替后这四个数分别为﹣0.3428,﹣0.1328,﹣0.1438,﹣0.1423.﹣0.1328的绝对值最小,只有C符合.故选:C.2.【解答】解:根据题目的描述,可以判断出这个几何体应该是个圆柱,且它的底面圆的半径为1,高为2,那么它的表面积=2π×2+π×1×1×2=6π,故选A.3.【解答】解:∵分式的值为0,∴x2﹣9=0且x﹣3≠0,解得:x=﹣3,故选:D.4.【解答】解:A、购买一张福利彩票,中奖是随机事件;B、在一个标准大气压下,加热到100℃,水沸腾是必然事件;C、有一名运动员奔跑的速度是80米/秒是不可能事件;D、在一个仅装着白球和黑球的袋中摸球,摸出红球是不可能事件;故选:A.5.【解答】解:A.3a2与a不是同类项,不能合并,所以A错误;B.2a3•(﹣a2)=2×(﹣1)a5=﹣2a5,所以B错误;C.4a6与2a2不是同类项,不能合并,所以C错误;D.(﹣3a)2﹣a2=9a2﹣a2=8a2,所以D正确,故选:D.6.【解答】解:点E有4种可能位置.(1)如图,由AB∥CD,可得∠AOC=∠DCE1=β,∵∠AOC=∠BAE1+∠AE1C,∴∠AE1C=β﹣α.(2)如图,过E2作AB平行线,则由AB∥CD,可得∠1=∠BAE2=α,∠2=∠DCE2=β,∴∠AE2C=α+β.(3)如图,由AB∥CD,可得∠BOE3=∠DCE3=β,∵∠BAE3=∠BOE3+∠AE3C,∴∠AE3C=α﹣β.(4)如图,由AB∥CD,可得∠BAE4+∠AE4C+∠DCE4=360°,∴∠AE4C=360°﹣α﹣β.∴∠AEC的度数可能为β﹣α,α+β,α﹣β,360°﹣α﹣β.故选:D.7.【解答】解:∵α、β是一元二次方程x2+3x﹣6=0的两个不相等的根,∴α2+3α=6,由根系数的关系可知:α+β=﹣3,∴α2﹣3β=α2+3α﹣3α﹣3β=α2+3α﹣3(α+β)=6﹣3×(﹣3)=15故选:B.8.【解答】解:甲班每人的捐款额为:,乙班每人的捐款额为:.根据(2)中所给出的信息,方程可列为:×(1+)=.故选:C.9.【解答】解:如图,设AC与BD的交点为O,过点O作GH⊥CD于G,交AB于H;作MN⊥AB于M,交CD于点N.在Rt△COD中,∠COD=90°,O G⊥CD;∴∠DOG=∠DCO;∵∠GOD=∠BOH,∠DCO=∠ABO,∴∠ABO=∠BOH,即BH=OH,同理可证,AH=OH;即H是Rt△AOB斜边AB上的中点.同理可证得,M是Rt△COD斜边CD上的中点.设圆心为O′,连接O′M,O′H;则O′M⊥CD,O′H⊥AB;∵MN⊥AB,GH⊥CD;∴O′H∥MN,OM∥GH;即四边形O′HOM是平行四边形;因此OM=O′H.由于OM是Rt△OCD斜边CD上的中线,所以OM=O′H=CD=2.故选:B.二.填空题(共6小题,满分30分,每小题5分)10.【解答】解:原式=4(4m2﹣1)=4(2m+1)(2m﹣1),故答案为:4(2m+1)(2m﹣1)11.【解答】解:∵反比例函数y=(k≠0)的图象在每个象限内,y随着x的增大而减小,∴k>0,∴满足条件的反比例函数解析式可以是y=.故答案为:y=(答案不唯一).12.【解答】解:该部分在总体中所占有的百分比=120°÷360°=33.3%.13.【解答】解:设这件运动服的标价为x元,则:妈妈购买这件衣服实际花费了0.8x元,∵妈妈以八折的优惠购买了一件运动服,节省30元∴可列出关于x的一元一次方程:x﹣0.8x=30解得:x=1500.8x=120故妈妈购买这件衣服实际花费了120元,故答案为120.14.【解答】解:作MG⊥DC于G,如图所示:设MN=y,PC=x,根据题意得:GN=5,MG=|10﹣2x|,在Rt△MNG中,由勾股定理得:MN2=MG2+GN2,即y2=52+(10﹣2x)2.∵0<x<10,∴当10﹣2x=0,即x=5时,y2最小值=25,MN的最小值为5;∴y最小值=5.即故答案为:5.15.【解答】解:过点D作DE⊥AB,交AB延长线于点E,DF⊥AC于F,∵AD是∠BOC的平分线,∴DE=DF,∵DP是BC的垂直平分线,∴BD=CD,在Rt△DEB和Rt△DFC中,,∴Rt△DEB≌Rt△DFC(HL).∴∠BDE=∠CDF,∴∠BDC=∠EDF,∵∠DEB=∠DFC=90°,∴∠EAF+∠EDF=180゜,∵∠BAC=84°,∴∠BDC=∠EDF=96°,故答案为:96°.三.解答题(共4小题,满分30分)16.【解答】解:原式=1﹣2+4+﹣1=4﹣.17.【解答】解:,解不等式①得:﹣3a<5x≤1﹣3a,﹣a<x≤,解不等式②得:3a<5x≤1+3a,a<x≤,∵当﹣a=a时,a=0,当=时,a=0,当﹣a=时,a=﹣,当a=时,a=,∴当或时,原不等式组无解;当时,原不等式组的解集为:;当时,原不等式组的解集为:.18.【解答】证明:(1)∵DF∥BE,∴∠DFA=∠BEC,在△ADF和△CBE中,∴△AFD≌△CEB(SAS);(2)∵△AFD≌△CEB,∴AD=BC,∠DAF=∠BCE,∴AD∥BC,∴四边形ABCD是平行四边形.19.【解答】解:由题意得:BE=,AE=,∵AE﹣BE=AB=m米,∴﹣=m(米),∴CE=(米),∵DE=n米,∴CD=+n(米).∴该建筑物的高度为:(+n)米.四.解答题(共4小题,满分45分)20.【解答】解:(1)调查的总数是:2÷4%=50(户),则6≤x<7部分调查的户数是:50×12%=6(户),则4≤x<5的户数是:50﹣2﹣12﹣10﹣6﹣3﹣2=15(户),所占的百分比是:×100%=30%.故答案为:15,30%,6;补全频数分布表和频数分布直方图,如图所示:(2)中等用水量家庭大约有450×(30%+20%+12%)=279(户);(3)在2≤x<3范围的两户用a、b表示,8≤x<9这两个范围内的两户用1,2表示.画树状图:则抽取出的2个家庭来自不同范围的概率是:=.21.【解答】解:(1)由函数图形可知汽车B是由乙地开往甲地,故L1表示汽车B 到甲地的距离与行驶时间的关系;(2)(330﹣240)÷60=1.5(千米/分);(3)设L1为s1=kt+b,把点(0,330),(60,240)代入得k=﹣1.5,b=330所以s1=﹣1.5t+330;设L2为s2=k′t,把点(60,60)代入得k′=1所以s2=t;(4)当t=120时,s1=150,s2=120 150﹣120=30(千米);所以2小时后,两车相距30千米;(5)当s1=s2时,﹣1.5t+330=t解得t=132即行驶132分钟,A、B两车相遇.22.【解答】(1)①证明:连接BC,OC,∵AB是直径,∴∠ACB=90°,在Rt△ANC中:BC==1,∴BC=OC=OB,∴△BOC为等边三角形,∴∠BOC=∠OBC=60°,∵OB=BD,OB=BC,∴BC=BD,∴∠ODC=∠BCD=∠OBC=30°,∴∠BOC+∠ODC=90°,∴∠OCD=180°﹣∠BOC﹣∠ODC=90°,∴CD是⊙O切线.②过C作CE⊥AB于E,∵S△ABC=•AC•BC=•AB•CE,∴CE=,∴S阴=S扇形OAC﹣S△A OC,=﹣•1•,=﹣.故答案为﹣.(2)①当AC>BC时,∵CD是⊙O的切线,∴∠OCD=90°,即∠1+∠2=90°,∵AB是O直径,∴∠ACB=90°即∠2+∠3=90°,∴∠1=∠3,∵OC=OA,∴∠OAC=∠3,∴∠OAC=∠1,∵∠4=∠1+∠ODC,∴∠4=∠DAC+∠ODC,∵OB=OC,∴∠2=∠4,∴∠2=∠OAC+∠ODC,∵∠1+∠2=90°,∴∠OAC+∠OAC+∠ODC=90°,即∠ODC+2∠OAC=90°.②当AC<BC时,同①∠OCD=90°,∴∠COD=90°﹣∠ODC,∵DA=OC,∴∠OCA=∠OAC,∵∠OAC+∠OCA+∠COD=180°,∴∠OAC+∠OAC+90°﹣∠ODC=180°,∴2∠OAC﹣∠ODC=90°,综上:2∠OAC﹣∠ODC=90°或∠ODC+2∠OAC=90°.23.【解答】解:(1)∵抛物线y=ax2+ax+b有一个公共点M(1,0),∴a+a+b=0,即b=﹣2a,∴y=ax2+ax+b=ax2+ax﹣2a=a(x+)2﹣,∴抛物线顶点D的坐标为(﹣,﹣);(2)∵直线y=2x+m经过点M(1,0),∴0=2×1+m,解得m=﹣2,∴y=2x﹣2,则,得ax2+(a﹣2)x﹣2a+2=0,∴(x﹣1)(ax+2a﹣2)=0,解得x=1或x=﹣2,∴N点坐标为(﹣2,﹣6),∵a<b,即a<﹣2a,∴a<0,如图1,设抛物线对称轴交直线于点E ,∵抛物线对称轴为x=﹣=﹣,∴E (﹣,﹣3),∵M (1,0),N (﹣2,﹣6),设△DMN 的面积为S ,∴S=S △DEN +S △DEM =|(﹣2)﹣1|•|﹣﹣(﹣3)|=, (3)当a=﹣1时,抛物线的解析式为:y=﹣x 2﹣x +2=﹣(x ﹣)2+, 有, ﹣x 2﹣x +2=﹣2x ,解得:x 1=2,x 2=﹣1,∴G (﹣1,2),∵点G 、H 关于原点对称,∴H (1,﹣2),设直线GH 平移后的解析式为:y=﹣2x +t ,﹣x 2﹣x +2=﹣2x +t ,x 2﹣x ﹣2+t=0,△=1﹣4(t ﹣2)=0, t=,当点H 平移后落在抛物线上时,坐标为(1,0),把(1,0)代入y=﹣2x +t ,t=2,∴当线段GH 与抛物线有两个不同的公共点,t 的取值范围是2≤t <.。

2023年注册消防工程师消防安全技术模拟考试题库试卷四

2023年注册消防工程师消防安全技术模拟考试题库试卷四

2023年注册消防工程师消防安全技术模拟考试题库试卷四1、(单选题)某设置有中央空调送风系统的建筑,其火灾自动报警系统中的点型火灾探测器至空调送风口和多孔送风顶棚孔口边缘的水平距离,分别不应小于()m。

A1.2,1.0B2.0,1.0C1.0,1.5D1.5,0.5参考答案:D2、(单选题)下列关于储罐区和工艺装置区室外消火栓的说法中,错误的是()。

A可燃液体储罐区的室外消火栓,应设置在防火提外,距离罐壁15m范围内的消火栓不应计入该罐可使用的消火栓数量B采用临时高压消防给水系统的工艺装置区,室外消火栓的间距不应大于60m C采用高压消防给水系统且宽带大于120m的工艺装置区,宜在该工艺装置区内的路边设置室外消火栓D液化烃储罐区的室外消火栓,应设置在防护墙外,距离罐壁15m范围内的消火栓可计入该罐可使用的消火栓数量参考答案:D3、(单选题)根据现行国家标准《泡沫灭火系统设计规范》(GB50151),油罐采用液下喷射泡沫灭火系统时泡沫产生器应选用()。

A横式泡沫产生器B横式泡沫产生器C立式泡沫产生器D高倍数泡沫产生器参考答案:D4、(单选题)下列汽车库、修车库中设置2个汽车疏散出口的是()。

A总建筑面积3500㎡,设14个修车位的修车库B总建筑面积1500㎡,停车位45个的汽车库C设有双车道汽车疏散出口、总建面积3000㎡、停车位90个的地上汽车库D设有双车道汽车疏散出口、总建面积3000㎡、停车位90个的地下汽车库参考答案:A5、(单选题)根据《火灾自动报警系统设计规范》(GB50116-2013)的规定,区域报警系统应由火灾探测器、手动火灾报警按钮、火灾报警控制器和()等组成。

A消防应急广播B消防专用电话C气体灭火控制器D火灾声光警报器参考答案:D6、(单选题)某座3100个座位的大剧院,地下车库采用预作用自动喷水灭火系统,演员化妆间等采用湿式自动喷水灭火系统,舞台葡萄架下采用雨淋系统,舞台口采用防护冷却水幕系统,该建筑的自动喷水灭火系统应选用()种报警阀组。

2023年高处安装维护拆除高处作业模拟考试题库试卷四

2023年高处安装维护拆除高处作业模拟考试题库试卷四

2023年高处安装、维护、拆除高处作业模拟考试题库试卷四1、(判断题)建筑物表面清洗作业人员年龄必须达到年满18周岁。

参考答案:正确2、(判断题)广告施工高处作业多台吊篮同时作业,操作人员:禁止操作人员互相跨越吊篮。

参考答案:正确3、(判断题)高处作业施工中发现施工范围内原建筑物构件或附属设施出现松动存在坠落风险时,应要求施工人员注意安全,并继续施工。

参考答案:错误4、(判断题)从业人员有对本单位安全生产工作提出建议的权利。

参考答案:正确5、(判断题)在高处往下望时,心情紧张甚至产生恐惧心理,此时更容易发生失误行为。

参考答案:正确6、(判断题)学习空调本是为了找一个安装空调的工作挣钱。

参考答案:错误7、(判断题)不良的工作环境不会对高处作业人员带来任何危害。

参考答案:错误8、(判断题)生产经营单位的从业人员有依法获得安全生产保障利益的权利。

参考答案:错误9、(判断题)外墙清洗作业时应佩戴安全帽,使用安全带,可不用人监护,由一人作业。

参考答案:错误10、(判断题)在空气不流通的地下室进行电焊作业时,必须设置通风换气设施进行通风换气。

参考答案:正确11>(判断题)如遇有恶劣天气,如大风、雷雨等应停止高处作业。

参考答案:正确12、(判断题)混凝土地基在养护期内不准在混凝土上进行作业。

参考答案:正确13、(判断题)防坠落安全防护用品主要有:安全带、安全帽、安全网、安全自锁器、速差自控器、水平安全绳、防滑鞋等。

参考答案:正确14、(判断题)对一次设备进行测量、控制、监视和保护的辅助设备,称为二次设备。

参考答案:正确15、(判断题)广告施工中使用建筑外用货梯如广告物料或广告主体重量过重时,应注意外用梯载重量限额,如超过限额应将物料拆分或选择其他移动方式,以防发生安全事故。

参考答案:正确16、(判断题)每天工作结束,应及时做好座板、绳和安全带的清洁工作。

参考答案:正确17、(判断题)作业人员应当遵守安全施工的强制标准、规章制度和操作规程,正确使用安全防护用具、机械设备等。

江苏省2023年中考语文模拟试卷(四)及答案

江苏省2023年中考语文模拟试卷(四)及答案

江苏省2023年中考语文模拟试卷(四)一、句子默写1.根据课文默写。

(1),思而不学则殆。

(《论语》十二章)(2)海日生残夜,。

(王湾《次北固山下》)(3)几处早莺争暖树,。

(白居易《钱塘湖春行》)(4),不求闻达于诸侯。

(诸葛亮《出师表》)(5)采菊东篱下,。

(陶渊明《饮酒》)(6),直挂云帆济沧海。

(李白《行路难》)(7)陆游的《游山西村》一诗中,既描绘了山村山水环绕的美景,又蕴含着生活哲理的句子是:,。

二、字词书写2.根据拼音写汉字。

千姿百态的荷花,有的淡雅如水中嬉戏的天鹅,qiáo()首顾盼;有的满池尖尖小荷,粉嫩如妩媚少女,娇羞万状。

开始只有零星几朵花点zhuì()在绿叶的海洋里,渐渐地,越开越多,就像是满天的星星一样,让人眼花liáo()乱。

qiáo()首点zhuì()眼花liáo()乱三、选择题3.下列各句中,加点成语使用正确的一项是()A.作案者周密的谋划和熟练的手法相得益彰....,使案情扑朔迷离,增大了侦破的难度。

B.在改革发展的新时代,我们年轻人要怀着目空一切....的豪情壮志,敢于迎接任何前所未有的挑战。

C.也许是物质生活丰富让味觉麻木了吧,面对美味大餐,我们常有味同嚼蜡....的感觉。

D.优秀的小说应该尽情地歌颂真、善、美,无情地揭露和鞭挞假、恶、丑,让人们在潜移默化....中感悟人生。

4.以下这组句子,顺序排列最恰当的一项是()①在这些美味大餐中,我们感受生活的酸甜苦辣,体味人生的千姿百态。

②你将与安东尼奥交流,领悟戏剧中的人生,人生中的戏剧。

③你将与孔乙己对话,体味生命的本质,引发对人生的思考。

④所以,爱语文,就是爱生活,爱人生!⑤一篇篇文质优美的课文,是一道道视觉美味,也是一道道精神大餐。

⑥朋友,请加入这场旅行吧!你将走进小说天地,登上戏剧舞台。

A.⑥③②⑤①④B.⑥⑤①③②④C.⑤①④⑥②③D.⑤⑥①③②④5.下列关于文学、文化常识的表述,不正确的一项是()A.古时住宅旁常裁桑树、梓树,后人就用“桑梓”指家乡;“长河落日圆”中的“河”指黄河;“晋太元中”的“太元”是年号;《范文正公集》中的“文正”是谥号;“谢太傅寒雪日内集”中的“太傅”是官名。

2023年上海市高考英语模拟试卷试题四(含答案)

2023年上海市高考英语模拟试卷试题四(含答案)

2023年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海高考英语模拟试卷I.Listening comprehension略II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Diane Van DerenOn February19,2009,Diane Van Deren was one of a dozen runners taking part in the Yukon Arctic Ultra,a400-mile race across frozen tundra(苔原)in the middle of winter.Not a single woman(21)___________(complete)it ever.With temperatures of30degrees below zero and only seven hours of daylight each day,it's probably the(22)___________(tough) race in the world.But,then,there is no woman like Diane Van Deren.Twelve years earlier,Van Deren,a former professional tennis player,had a kiwi-size piece of(remove)___________to treat her epilepsy(癫痫).The operation was successful,but she noticed a strange side effect:she could run without stopping for hours.At the start of the Arctic Ultra,icy winds frozen Van Deren5s water supplies,so she had(24)___________to drink for the first hundred miles.She kept(25)___________(go)on with frozen fruit and nut bars.On the eleventh day,the ice(26)___________her feet cracked open and Van Deren fell up to her shoulders into a freezing river.She managed(27) ___________(climb)out but her soaked boots froze to her feet.Yet somehow through it all,Van Deren remained positive,(28)__________was perhaps helped by another curious byproduct of her operation."I have a problem with(29) _________is called short-term memory.I could be out running for two weeks,but(30) ___________someone told me it was day one of a race/"She jokes,“I'd say,Great,let's getstarted!”On February26,2009,exactly twelve years after her surgery,Van Deren crossed the finish line of the Arctic Ultra.She was one of eight finishers一and the first and only woman.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.agreementsB.chatteringC.effortsD.feasiblyE.fulfillmentF.hardG.introduced H.morality I.persuaded J.seizedK.spoiledHere's to guilt-free flyingMaj a Rosen gave up flying a decade ago out of concern for its environmental impact. But when she became a mother and started hanging out with other parents,she didn't bring it up,even when the conversation turned to flying.It would have_____31_____the mood.Then in April2018,her home country of Sweden_____32_____a tax on aviation(飞行).The climate impacts of flying were on the evening news and the mood changed. Rosen_____33_____the moment.With her neighbor Lotta Hammar,she launched a campaign called"We stay on the ground",which has_____34_____10,000people to commit to avoid flights in2019.Kudos.But here's the_____35_____truth:in the grand scheme of things,barely anyone will follow suit.The_____36_____classes tend to have a lot to say about the eco benefits of avoiding meat,cycling and eating locally sourced food.But that_____37_____generally disappears when it comes to flying.We can't rely on international___38_____to stop aviation emission either.Yes,the UN has fixed up a deal to cap aviation emissions beyond2020.But it lacks real bite,allowing airlines to continue emitting carbon provided they offset(抵消)it.All this means we could really do with green tech riding to the rescue.Here,at least,there is a little good news.Even rather simple measures like freeing planes to fly in straighter lines could_____39_____cut carbon emissions.Hybrid(混合动力的)electric aircraft are also the pipeline.And we already know that planes can mix up to50per cent biofuels into their tanksand fly safely.It's time to redouble our_____40_____to make planes green.In the meantime,if you are still looking for a New Year's resolution,you might want to think about joining those 105000Swedes.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In summarising the state of the planet—rising population,widespread conflict,one-sixth of the planet suffering extreme poverty and hunger,global warming一Jeffrey Sachs,author of"The Common Wealth、can paint a terrible picture.However,he's an_____41_____and believes that all of these problems can be overcome in relatively straightforward ways and at relatively little cost.That's because the root causes are interconnected and_____42_____ man-made.Take child morality(死亡).Perhaps surprisingly,the higher the child morality rate is,the higher the birth rate.This leads to a_____43_____population which puts a greater stress on already scarce resources,so farmers have to work harder to produce enough food for all, which means children are often put to work in the fields or at home.This,_____44_____, stops children getting the education which will allow them to learn,among other things,about better farming techniques to increase crop yields and provide more food to eat and sell.Sachs argues that the_____45_____of providing every child in poverty with an anti-mosquito bed net is a major first step.Malaria(疟疾)is a huge cause of death in children and the bed nets massively_____46_____infections.The fewer children that die of malaria,the more secure parents feel about their children surviving.The more secure parents feel,the fewer children they have,and so on,revising the_____47__trend just described.However,it is_____48_____a combination of measures at the same time that truly makes a difference:free school meals improve school attendance and health;supplying fertilisers to improve soil and better seeds provides even better harvests;basic health care and clean water supplies_____49_____more fatal diseases.These ideas are already being_____50_____implemented in over100African villages in underdeveloped regions.The cost of the proj ect is just$10per person per year,of which 50%comes from donors and the rest from a mixture of local and national governments and the villagers themselves.So if it's so_____51_____,why hasn't it been done before?What about all the aid that has been given to Africa and the underdeveloped countries of the world?Has it been lost to corruption(腐败)?Sachs argues that the real problem is not corruption,but the fact that rich governments have_____52_____such a lot,but actually given so little.They agreed to give 0.7%of national income in aid,but only five countries have met that_____53_____.He suggests current aid is$24billion per year,which translates as just ten dollars per person—not nearly enough to implement the_____54_____measures.So while Sachs sees an opportunity to end poverty forever,he also raises an _____55_____that this could be the last chance we have,'The longer we wait,the greater is the suffering and the larger the long-term costs?41.A.economist B.optimist C.expert D.opponent42.A.prospectively B.essentially C.thoughtfully D.refreshingly43.A.declining B.global C.booming D.local44.A.in turn B.by contrast C.on end D.with care45.A.truth B.principle C.solution D.statement46.A.transmit B.specify C.worsen D.reduce47.A.downward B.general C.modem D.previous48.A.describing B.reserving C.adopting D.protesting49.A.modify B.intensify C.prevent D.locate50.A.successfully B.hesitantly C.personally D.worthlessly51.A.popular B.simple C.hard D.strange52.A.spent B.promised C.learned D.featured53.A.requirement B.condition C.challenge D.target54.A.restricted B.standardized C.requested bined55.A.alarm B.objection C.amount D.instanceSection BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I'm in Marrakech,the heart of Morocco at the base of the Atlas Mountains,with my son, Sam.He's eight.We've come here with Mohamed,a friend who owns a store in our New York neighborhood.We're regular customers at Mohamed's store,where Sam can often be found negotiating with his friend.When they're not bargaining,they're chatting about swords,or camels,or the desert."You need to come to Marrakech,"Mohamed told me.I'll show you around and teach Sam how to really get a bargain!”So here we are.We meet up with Mohamed over a cup of tea at a table outside the tiny Cafe ben Youssef, deep in the old city of Marrakech.We're sitting in an area bordering the stalls of the marketplace.Vendors(小贩)with carts offer freshly squeezed orange juice,others sell dates or figs.Nearby are the workshops that supply the goods to this world-famous market.Later,as we walk around,Mohamed begins the first of his bargaining tutorials for Sam. "Everything in Morocco is open negotiation,Sam.When you hear a price,the first thing you say is'Too much一bezqf and then walk away.""But what if I like it?"“When you see something you like,maybe a lamp,you ask about something else instead. Then,as you walk out,you ask,"And how much is that lamp?9as though you5d just noticed it and aren't really that interested in it."We turn a comer and are greeted with sweet-smelling orange blossoms."Don't always give an offer.Make them continue to lower the price.Oh,and wear something Moroccan:Mohamed continues,as we enter a fairly large shop.Most of the stalls in Marrakech specialize in one thing,but not this one.Decorative and lethal-looking swords hang beside soft hand-dyed fabrics;large camel bones covered in writing sit beside massive copper lamps. It is here that Sam spots a box.“Look,a treasure chest!”It's made of wood,and painted red and gold.He opens the lid,then closes it.“Cool."Then he spots a tall,cobalt blue,tear-shapedold perfume bottle."Four hundred dirham,”the shopkeeper pronounces.Fifty dollars.Sam says nothing.Whether he's too shy or is practicing Mohamed's bargaining technique,I can't tell.He eventually agrees to pay200dirham,about$24.rd say the bottle is worth$10,at most. Clearly,his negotiating skills need a little work."Just to get started,Dad,”Sam measures me as he pays for the bottle.56.According to Mohamed,people in Marrakech like__________.A.bargainingB.tradingC.drinking teaD.showing friends around57.What does Mohamed advise Sam to do when he finds something he likes?A.To look for something similar in another shop.B.To complain to the vendor about its high price.C.To conceal his real preference from the vendor.D.To ask the vendor about the price as soon as possible.58.What does the writer imply about Sam's first negotiating experience?A.It is far from successful.B.It costs Sam more than the money he pays.C.It reveals Sam's potential in negotiation.D.It shows that Sam is too shy for negotiation.59.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A.A Shopping Trip.B.The Charm of the MarketC.A Busy City.D.The Art of the Deal(B)The Man Who Ate his Boots is a fascinating account of expeditions that went wrong.The book examines the19th century search for a route to Asia by way of the Northwest Passage through the Arctic Ocean.Author Anthony Brandt describes the many attempts by both land and sea that ended in failure and tragedy,including the1845expedition led by Sir John Franklin.Brandt shows how these brave,yet sometimes foolish,explorers could have avoided starvation,frostbite,and even death if they had copied the survival techniques of the local Inuit people.Some of the more surprising details the book reveals include:IGLOOS The explorers,despite repeatedly watching the Inuit build igloos,insisted on using canvas tents.Tents freeze in sub-zero temperatures and give little protection to anyone inside them.If they had learned to build igloos,the explorers would have been warm even in the worst Arctic weather.SEALSKIN If the explorers had worn sealskin and furs like the Inuit,they wouldn't have suffered from the frostbite that was common among them,but rare among the Inuit.DOG TEAMS Why didn't the British use dog teams to pull their sleds?Pulling sleds themselves was a tradition among many explorers right into the early20th century It cost Scott and his men their lives on their return from the South Pole in1912.The British did get something right,however,when Captain Edward Parry grew salad vegetables in boxes on board his ship.It was known that fresh vegetables and fresh meat prevented scurvy(坏血病),although at that time the reason for this(vitamin C)had not been discovered.Parry's men wouldn't have been as healthy if they hadn't eaten the salads.60.In The Man Who Ate his Boots’the author mainly________.A.introduces some foolish explorersB.focuses on some unsuccessful expeditionsC.analyzes the Inuit people's survival techniquesD.explores the advances in equipment used for expeditions61.According to Anthony Brandt,what should the explorers have done?A.They should have learned more about how seals survived in cold water.B.They should have set up more canvas tents to keep themselves warm.C.They should have helped the Inuit people build igloos.D.They should have used dogs to pull the sleds for them.62.It can be inferred from the passage that________.A.Edward Parry found a way to prevent scurvy by accidentB.Edward Parry's successful voyage was a rare case at that timeC.Edward Parry was the first captain that grew salad vegetables on boardD.Edward Parry's men could have been more healthy if they took vitamin C(C)Everything we know suggests that the universe is unusual.It is flatter,smoother,larger and emptier than a"typical"universe predicted by the known laws of physics if we reached into a hat filled with pieces of paper,each with the specifications of a possible universe written on it,it is unlikely that we would get a universe anything like ours in one pick—or even a billion.The challenge that cosmologists face is to make sense of this specialness.One approach to this question is inflation―the hypothesis(假设)that the early universe went through a stage of fast expansion.At first,inflation seemed to do the trick.A simple version of the idea gave correct predictions for the spectrum of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background.But a closer look shows that we have just moved the problem further back in time.To make inflation happen at all requires us to fine-tune the initial conditions of the universe.And unless inflation is highly tuned,it leads to a runaway process of universe creation.As a result, some cosmologists(宇宙学家)suggest that there is not one universe,but an infinite number, with a huge variety of properties:the multiverse.There are an infinite number of universes in the collection that are like our universe and an infinite number that are not.But the proportion of infinity to infinity is undefined,and can be made into anything the theorist wants.Thus the multiverse theory has difficulty making any firm predictions and threatens to take us out of the area of science.These other universes are unobservable and because chance dictates the random distribution of properties across universes,suggesting the existence of a multiverse does not let us get to anything about our universe beyond what we already know.As attractive as the idea may seem,it is basically a sleight of hand,which turns an explanatory failure into an apparent explanatory success.The success is empty because anything that might be observed about our universe could be explained as something that must,by chance,happen somewhere in the multiverse.We started out trying to explain why the universe is so special,and we end up being asked to believe that our universe is one of an infinite number of universes with random properties.This makes me suspect that there is a basic but unexamined assumption about the laws of nature that must be overturned.Cosmology has new questions to answer.Not just what are the laws,but why are theselaws the laws?How were they chosen?We can't just hypothesise what the initial conditions were at the big bang,we need to explain those initial conditions.Thus we are in the position of a computer program asked to explain its inputs.It is clear that if we are to get anywhere, we need to invent new methods,and perhaps new kinds of laws,to gain a scientific description of the universe as a whole.63.According to the passage,which of the following statements is true of our universe?A.There are several hypotheses about its early stage.B.There are more than one billion universes similar to ours.C.It is expanding at a greater speed that it did at the stage of the big bang.D.It is different from the predictions made according to the laws of physics.64.What does the writer imply about the hypothesis of inflation?A.It hasn't been challenged.B.It doesn't make much sense.C.It is by far the most reasonable approach.D.It is the simple version of a complicated idea.65.Which word in the passage is similar in meaning to the phrase"sleight of hand"(paragraph4)?A.processB.predictionC.trickD.infinity66.It can be inferred from the passage that the writer___________.A.believes the idea of the multiverse will help us to understand our universe betterB.argues there is a fixed proportion of universes like ours to those unlike oursC.holds computer programs can work better than humans in cosmologyD.thinks some laws of nature that we take for granted may be falseSection CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Unsurprisingly,when his customers heard about the jokes they didn't see the funny side and the share price of the company crashed.B.All I can say is that it's just as well I'm not famous!C.The same is not true for everyone,particularly if you are famous.D.What makes things worse for the famous is that these mistakes become even more widely publicised because of24-hour news channels and websites.E.This is the kind of thing many people might do privately when they get together with colleagues after work.F.As a result,what was private suddenly became public.Silly Mistakes Hit the HeadlinesWe have probably all had moments when we said the wrong thing.I certainly have. There was the time at university when I met a friend in a coffee bar after class and immediately started complaining about our tutor,who was called Dr Gray.I was going on and on about how miserable she was一strict,boring,unfriendly—and my friend wasn't really saying much.After a minute or so,she interrupted me and said,'Um,I think I should introduce you'.She then turned to this other student who I hadn't really noticed up till then and said,"This is Tracy.Tracy Gray'!Fortunately,the result of putting my foot in it was only an awkward moment and a stony silence.Maybe my friends thought a little less of me,maybe they thought I was an idiot,but no real harm was done.__________67__________Take Gerald Ratner.He was the multimillionaire owner of a chain of shops that sold cheap jewellery.In what was supposed to be a light-hearted speech to some fellow businessmen,he joked about the quality of some of his products.He said some earrings were 'cheaper than a sandwich,but probably wouldn't last as long'.Other products could be sold at such low prices because they were rubbish.__________68__________Ratner had to resign as director and shortly afterwards the company was taken over by a competitor.In some ways,Ratner could be seen as unfortunate in that he was in a semi-private meeting with friends and colleagues he was at ease with,but there happened to be a journalist there.__________69__________And with the rise of social media,there have been plenty of others who have been caught out by the increasingly vague boundaries between our private and public faces.For example,a group of flight attendants made jokes about the engines on their planes failing and complained about their airline and clients(客户).__________70__________Unfortunately,they did it publicly on Facebook and it led tothirteen of them being fired.IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize in no more than60words the main idea and the main point(s)of the e your own words as far as possible.Cities in the SeaThey may be small,but they build big things!Coral polyps(珊瑚虫),which live in the warm,shallow parts of the Earth's oceans,are probably the biggest builders on the planet. Coral polyps turn calcium from seawater into a hard material called limestone.Slowly,they build up a hard skeleton(骨架)around their bodies.When polyps die,their skeletons remain. Young polyps attach themselves to the old skeletons and make new skeletons.Over time, weird and wonderful shapes are slowly built up into amazing coral reefs(珊瑚礁).Scientists sometimes think of coral reefs as underwater cities.A quarter of all known marine species live in reef habitats―there are nearly a thousand coral species.Reefs are also home to millions of sea creatures,like fish,crabs,turtles,and sharks.Humans don't live in coral reef cities,but we benefit from them.Reefs create jobs for people in the fishing industry and other related businesses.Coral reefs are also popular for divers一many countries benefit from the tourists that they stly,chemicals from reef creatures help scientists create new medicines,which help doctors treat different illnesses.Coral reefs are very important,yet we don't take good care of them.Environmental problems have already killed about twenty percent of the world's reefs.About half of the remaining reefs are dying,and experts believe all of Earth's coral reefs will be in danger by 2050.Why are the reefs in such trouble?For one thing,people catch too many reef fish and often damage the reefs—divers sometimes break off pieces of coral.Polluted water also causes problems because reef-destroying algae grows in dirty water.Even air pollution hurts coral reefs.Global warming causes warmer ocean water,which can cause polyps to lose helpful algae.Without that algae,coral turns white.This is called"bleaching”,and if it continues,the coral dies.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.72.不努力一把,怎么知道人生会不会有更多的可能?(If)73.过去的三年里,这个曾经无人问津的小村庄吸引了大量游客。

2024年全国高考体育单招考试英语模拟试卷试题四含答案详解

2024年全国高考体育单招考试英语模拟试卷试题四含答案详解

2024年全国高考体育单招考试英语模拟试卷试题四含答案详解Part 1: Listening (听力部分)1. A. Swimming. B. Jogging. C. Yoga. D. Dancing.2. A. Teacher and student. B. Sports enthusiasts. C. Friends. D. Family members.3. A. At a gym. B. In a park. C. At a school. D. In a hospital.4. A. She has been injured. B. She is scared of heights. C. She is not interested in hiking. D. She is going to choose a different activity.5. A. To discuss their homework. B. To plan a hiking trip. C. To borrow a book. D. To invite the woman for a meal.Part 2: Reading Comprehension (阅读理解部分)Passage 16. D. The joy that comes from completing difficult tasks.7. A. Constructive criticism can help people improve.8. B. Avoid taking unnecessary risks.9. D. The risks taken by extreme sports athletes.10. C. It encourages the pursuit of one's passion.Passage 211. D. She won three medals in a track and field competition.12. B. She stumbled and fell during the race.13. A. Overcoming challenges and obstacles in life.14. C. Determination and perseverance.15. A. To inspire and motivate others.Passage 316. D. Using technology to track physical activities.17. B. It helps athletes monitor their performance and set goals.18. C. To compete against others and improve their own results.19. A. Accurately measure the distance traveled and calories burned.20. D. Encouraging individuals to practice more and maintain a healthy lifestyle.Part 3: Vocabulary and Grammar (词汇和语法部分)21. C. gradually22. D. willingly23. A. absolutely24. B. accurately25. C. passionately26. B. for27. C. about28. A. at29. D. on30. B. inPart 4: Writing (写作部分)Currently, the single enrollment examination for nationwide sports majors has become an important opportunity for sports enthusiasts to pursue their dreams. The 2024 English mock exam provides a comprehensive evaluation of candidates' language skills and understanding of sports-related topics. In this section, we will analyze the reading comprehension and listening sections, as well as provide detailed answers and explanations.The reading comprehension section assessed various aspects of sports, such as the importance of perseverance and determination, the benefits of constructive criticism, and the use of technology in monitoring physical activities. Questions required a thorough understanding of the passages and integration of information.The listening section focused on different situations, including exercise preferences, conversations between friends, and arrangements for activities. Test takers needed to pay attention to details and comprehend the implications of the dialogues in order to choose the correct answers.Overall, both sections challenged candidates' ability to comprehend and apply their knowledge of English in a sports-related context. It tested their vocabulary, grammar, and reading skills. The purpose of this mock exam isnot only to assess language proficiency but also to inspire candidates to continue their pursuit of sports.In conclusion, the 2024 English mock exam for the nationwide sports single enrollment examination provides candidates with an opportunity to showcase their English skills in a sports-related context. Through the reading comprehension and listening sections, candidates were able to demonstrate their understanding of perseverance, determination, constructive criticism, and the use of technology in sports. This comprehensive evaluation will assist candidates in their future endeavors and inspire them to further develop their English communication skills in relation to sports.Answer Key:Part 1: 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. DPart 2: 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. A16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. DPart 3: 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. C26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B。

计算机模拟试卷4及答案

计算机模拟试卷4及答案

姓名绝密★启用前江苏省普通高校专转本统一考试计算机基础模拟试题四注意事项:1. 本试卷分为试题和答卷两部分,答题前考生务必填写卷首上的姓名,须用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接答在答卷纸上,答在试题纸上无效。

2. 本试卷满分100分,考试时间90分钟。

一、单项选择题(本大题共50小题,每小题1分,共50 分。

在每小题给出的4个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的,请将其字母标号填在答卷纸相应题号的空格中。

)1.下列关于微电子技术的叙述,错误的是________。

A.微电子技术以集成电路为核心B.硅是微电子产业中常用的半导体材料C.现代微电子技术已经用砷化镓取代了硅D.制造集成电路需要使用半导体材料2.下列关于IC卡的叙述,错误的是________。

A.手机中使用的SIM卡是一种特殊的CPU卡B.只有CPU卡才具有数据加密的能力C.IC卡按卡中镶嵌的集成电路芯片不同可分为存储器卡和CPU卡D.IC卡按使用方式不同可分为接触式IC卡和非接触式IC卡3.最大的10位无符号二进制整数转换成八进制数是________。

A.1000B.1023C.1024D.17774.信息技术指的是用来扩展人的信息器官功能、协助人们进行信息处理的一类技术。

________技术用于扩展人的效应器官功能,增强信息的控制力和表现力。

A.感测与识别技术B.控制与显示技术C.计算与存储技术D.通信技术5.下列关于PC机主板上CMOS芯片的叙述,正确的是________。

A.加电后用于对计算机进行自检B.它是只读存储器C.存储基本输入/输出系统程序D.需使用电池供电,否则主机断电后其中存储的信息会丢失6.I/O操作是计算机中最常见的操作之一。

下列关于I/O操作的叙述,错误的是________。

A.I/O操作的任务是通过输入设备将信息送入主机,或者将主机中的内容送到输出设备B.PCI总线的数据传输速率高于ISA总线C.I/O操作与CPU的数据处理通常是并行进行的D.无论哪一种I/O设备,它们的I/O控制器都相同7.键盘、显示器和硬盘等常用外围设备在系统启动时都需要参与工作,它们的驱动程序必须存放在________中。

浙江省2024年高考语文模拟试卷及答案4

浙江省2024年高考语文模拟试卷及答案4

浙江省2024年高考语文模拟试卷及答案阅卷人一、现代文阅读得分现代文阅读I材料一:从创作实践来看,非虚构写作确实是存在虚构的,也是需要虚构的。

从理论上讲,它为什么需要虚构,这种虚构在非虚构写作中有何重要理论意义,这是不得不回答的问题。

首先,它是张扬非虚构写作“真实性”的根本需要。

“真实”或“真实性”是非虚构写作最根本、最核心的要素,也是区别于虚构写作最鲜明的特征。

从理论上讲,它是不允许虚构的,但是在实际创作中,为了更好地表现真实,作家会通过虚构细节、场景对话甚或心理活动等,在真实基础上进行合理想象,从而使读者获得一种在场的真实感、生命感乃至情感的代入感。

也就是说,在真实基础上的合理想象与虚构,其意义首先在于证实作家叙事的可信性和可靠性并获得读者的认可和信任,进而产生更加令人信服的真实感。

其次,它是彰显非虚构写作“文学性”的内在需要。

如果说“真实性”是非虚构写作的第一属性,毋庸置疑,“文学性”则是非虚构写作的第二属性,也可以说是它与生俱来的审美品性。

非虚构写作在美国兴起时之所以被命名为“非虚构小说”,就是因为它借用小说(文学)的手法来讲真实的故事,把真实故事写得犹如小说一样跌宕起伏、扣人心弦、引人入胜,从而具有叙事美感和艺术性;而且,这种“小说化”或“戏剧化”叙事策略也成了非虚构写作文学性的重要体现,成为非虚构写作审美品格的自觉追求,因而也成为非虚构写作区别于新闻报道和社会学、人类学的调查报告等非虚构文本的重要特征。

再次,它是凸显非虚构写作“思想性”的价值需要。

非虚构写作不仅仅是简单呈现生活众生相,也不单单是通过艺术手段讲好真实故事,还要呈现一种整体性现实,以逼近人生和社会真相,抵达更高意义上的真实——生活本质的真实。

可见,非虚构写作是一种有深度、有见解、有思想的写作。

非虚构作品,只有借助虚构与想象,“才有可能超越生活表面触及世界的深层肌理”,才能把作品的深度带向极致,“去证明人生的深刻的困惑”。

2024年全国高考调研模拟试卷理综物理试题(四)

2024年全国高考调研模拟试卷理综物理试题(四)

2024年全国高考调研模拟试卷理综物理试题(四)一、单项选择题(本题包含8小题,每小题4分,共32分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)(共8题)第(1)题质量为M的小孩站在质量为m的滑板上,小孩和滑板均处于静止状态,忽略滑板与地面间的摩擦.小孩沿水平方向跃离滑板,离开滑板时的速度大小为v,此时滑板的速度大小为.A.B.C.D.第(2)题如图所示,每一级台阶的高度,宽度,将一小球从最上面台阶的边沿以某初速度水平抛出。

取重力加速度大小,不计空气阻力。

若小球落在台阶3上,则小球的初速度大小可能为( )A.1m/s B.2m/s C.3m/s D.4m/s第(3)题质量为1kg的物体以初速度v。

从固定斜面底端冲上斜面,物体在斜面上运动过程中的图像如图所示(g=10m/s2),下列说法正确的是( )A.此斜面与水平面夹角为37°B.2s内该物体重力势能变化的最大值为12.5JC.该物体在斜面上运动过程中机械能一定不守恒D.该物体在斜面上运动过程中合外力冲量为零第(4)题如图所示的水平轨道足够长,只有部分是粗糙的,其长度为,其余部分是光滑的,质量为1kg,长度为的粗细相同的匀质软绳静止在点的左侧(绳的右端在点),软绳与粗糙部分的动摩擦因数为,现用的水平向右的恒力作用在软绳上,软绳始终保持伸直状态且长度不变,重力加速度为,最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力,则在软绳运动的过程中,下列说法正确的是()A.软绳先做匀加速后做匀减速运动B.软绳的左端能经过点C.软绳的最大动能为0.5J D.软绳克服摩擦力做功4.0J第(5)题如图所示,用同种细导线做成两个闭合单匝线圈,正方形线圈的边长与圆形线圈的直径相等,把它们放入磁感应强度随时间均匀变化的同一匀强磁场中,线圈所在平面均与磁场方向垂直,若正方形,圆形线圈中感应电动势分别用,表示,感应电流分别用,表示,则()A.B.C.D.第(6)题木星有4颗卫星是伽利略发现的,称为伽利略卫星,其中有两颗卫星的轨道半径之比约为。

山西省百校联考中考数学模拟试卷(四)含答案解析

山西省百校联考中考数学模拟试卷(四)含答案解析

山西省百校联考中考数学模拟试卷(四)一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分1.﹣3的倒数是()A.﹣3 B.3 C.﹣D.2.下列运算正确的是()A.a2•a3=a6B.a3÷a2=a C.a2+a2=a4D.(a2)3=a53.如图所示几何体的俯视图是()A.B. C.D.4.下列说法正确的是()A.“任意画出一个圆,它是中心对称图形”是随机事件B.为了解我省中学生的体能情况,应采用普查的方式C.天气预报明天下雨的概率是99%,说明明天一定会下雨D.任意掷一枚质地均匀的硬币10次,正面朝上的次数不一定是5次5.不等式组的解集在数轴上表示为()A. B.C. D.6.如图6×7的方格中,点A,B,C,D是格点,线段CD是由线段AB位似放大得到的,则它们的位似中心是()A.P1B.P2C.P3D.P47.如图,直线m∥n,Rt△ABC的顶点A在直线n上,∠C=90°,AB,CB分别交直线m 于点D和点E,且DB=DE,若∠B=25°,则∠1的度数为()A.60°B.65°C.70°D.75°8.天然气公司为了解某社区居民使用天然气的情况,随机对该社区10户居民进行了调查,如表是这10户居民3月份用气量的调查结果:居民户数 1 2 3 4月用气量(立方米)14 15 22 25则这10户居民月用气量(单位:立方米)的中位数是()A.14 B.15 C.22 D.259.某网上电器商城销售某种品牌的高端电器.已知该电器按批发价上浮50%进行标价,若按照标价的九折销售,则可获纯利润350元,现由于商城搞促销,该电器按照标价的八折销售,则可获纯利润()A.180元B.200元C.220元D.240元10.如图,在以点O为圆心的半圆中,AB为直径,且AB=4,将该半圆折叠,使点A和点B落在点O处,折痕分别为EC和FD,则图中阴影部分面积为()A.4﹣B.4﹣C.2﹣D.2﹣二、填空题:本大题共5个小题,每小题3分,共15分11.计算×﹣的结果是______.12.从5,6,7这三个数字中,随机抽取两个不同数字组成一个两位数,则这个两位数能被3整除的概率是______.13.如图,小明家所在住宅楼楼前广场的宽AB为30米,线段BC为AB正前方的一条道路的宽.小明站在家里点D处观察B,C两点的俯角分别为60°和45°,已知DA垂直地面,则这条道路的宽BC为______米(≈1.732)14.如图4×5的方格纸中,在除阴影之外的方格中任意选择一个涂黑,与图中阴影部分构成轴对称图形的涂法有______种.15.如图,为一块面积为1.5m2的直角三角形模板,其中∠B=90°,AB=1.5m,现要把它加工成正方形DEFG木板(EF在AC上,点D和点G分别在AB和BC上),则该正方形木板的边长为______m.三、解答题:本大题共8个小题,共75分16.(1)计算:()﹣3﹣|﹣1|×(﹣3)2+()0(2)化简:﹣.17.阅读与观察:我国古代数学的许多发现都曾位居世界前列,如图1的“杨辉三角”就是其中的一例.杨辉,字谦光,南宋时期杭州人,在他所著的《详解九章算法》艺术中,揖录了如图1所示的三角形数表,称之为“开方作法本源”图,经观察研究发现,在两腰上的数位1的前提下,杨辉三角有许多重要的特点,例如:每个数都等于它上方两数之和等等.如图2,某同学发现杨辉三角给出了(a+b)n(n为正整数)的展开式(按a的次数由大到小的顺序排列)的系数规律.例如,在三角形中第三行的三个数1,2,1,恰好对应(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2展开式中各项的系数;第四行的四个数1,3,3,1,恰好对应着(a+b)3=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3展开式中各项的系数等等.(1)通过观察,请你写出杨辉三角具有的任意两个特点;(阅读材料中的特点除外)(2)计算:993+3×992+3×99+1;(3)请你直接写出(a+b)4的展开式.18.作图与证明:如图,已知⊙O和⊙O上的一点A,请完成下列任务:(1)作⊙O 的内接正六边形ABCDEF ;(2)连接BF ,CE ,判断四边形BCEF 的形状并加以证明.19.某艺术类学校进行绘画特长生的招生工作,每名考生需要参加“素描”“色彩”“速写”三个项目的测试,三个项目的满分均为100分,“素描”“色彩”“速写”按照4:4:2的比例计算得到选手最终成就,现有20名考生报名参加测试,测试结束后,考生的素描成绩如下(单位:分):88,85,90,99,86,68,94,98,78,9796,93,89,94,89,85,80,95,89,77请根据上述数据,解决下列问题:(1)补全下面考生素描成绩的表格(每组数据含最小值不含最大值)和频数分布直方图; 分组 人数(频数)60﹣70 170﹣80 280﹣90 990﹣100 8合计20 (2)如表为甲、乙两名选手比赛成绩的记录表,现要在甲、乙二人中录取一名,请通过计算得出谁最终被录取.项目 成绩素描 色彩 速写 甲98 93 95 乙95 95 10020.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,一次函数y=k 1x +b 与反比例函数y=的图象交于点A (﹣1,6)和点B (3,m ),与y 轴交于点C ,与x 轴交于点D .(1)求一次函数y=k 1x +b 和反比例函数y=的表达式; (2)点P 是双曲线y=上的一点,且满足S △PCD =S △DOE ,求点P 的坐标.21.为弘扬中华传统文化,某徽章设计公司设计了如图所示的一种新式徽章,每件的成本是50元,为了合理定价,先投放在某饰品店进行试销.试销发现,该徽章销售单价为100元时,每天的销售量是50件,且当销售单价每降低1元时,每天就可多售出5件.(1)如果该店每天要使该徽章的销售利润为4000元,则销售单价应定为多少元?(2)该店每天该徽章的销售是否有最大利润?若有,请求出最大利润及销售单价,若没有,请说明理由.22.如图1,在△ABC和△MNB中,∠ACB=∠MBN=90°,AC=BC=4,MB=NB=2,点N 在BC边上,连接AN,CM,点E,F,D,G分别为AC,AN,MN,CM的中点,连接EF,FD,DG,EG.(1)判断四边形EFDG的形状,并证明;(2)求FD的长;(3)如图2,将图1中的△MBN绕点B逆时针旋转90°,其他条件不变,猜想此时四边形EFDG的形状,并证明.23.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,抛物线y=﹣x2+x+6与x轴交于A、B两点(点A在点B左侧),与y轴交于点C,直线l经过点A和点C,连接BC.将直线l沿着x轴正方形平移m个单位(0<m<10)得到直线l′,l′交x轴于点D,交BC于点E,交抛物线于点F.(1)求点A,点B和点C的坐标;(2)如图2,将△EDB沿直线l′翻折得到△EDB′,求点B′的坐标(用含m的代数式表示);(3)在(2)的条件下,当点B′落在直线AC上时,请直接写出点F的坐标.山西省百校联考中考数学模拟试卷(四)参考答案与试题解析一、选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分1.﹣3的倒数是()A.﹣3 B.3 C.﹣D.【考点】倒数.【分析】根据倒数的定义可得﹣3的倒数是﹣.【解答】解:﹣3的倒数是﹣.故选:C.2.下列运算正确的是()A.a2•a3=a6B.a3÷a2=a C.a2+a2=a4D.(a2)3=a5【考点】同底数幂的除法;合并同类项;同底数幂的乘法;幂的乘方与积的乘方.【分析】A:根据同底数幂的乘法法则判断即可.B:根据同底数幂的除法法则判断即可.C:根据合并同类项的方法判断即可.D:根据幂的乘方的运算方法判断即可.【解答】解:∵a2•a3=a5,∴选项A不正确;∵a3÷a2=a,∴选项B正确;∵a2+a2=2a2,∴选项C不正确;∵(a2)3=a6,∴选项D不正确.故选:B.3.如图所示几何体的俯视图是()A.B. C.D.【考点】简单组合体的三视图.【分析】找到从上面看所得到的图形即可,注意所有的看到的棱都应表现在俯视图中并且注意虚线和实线的不同.【解答】解:从上往下看,易得一个长方形,其中有两条实线和两条虚线虚线,如图所示:故选D.4.下列说法正确的是()A.“任意画出一个圆,它是中心对称图形”是随机事件B.为了解我省中学生的体能情况,应采用普查的方式C.天气预报明天下雨的概率是99%,说明明天一定会下雨D.任意掷一枚质地均匀的硬币10次,正面朝上的次数不一定是5次【考点】概率的意义;全面调查与抽样调查;随机事件.【分析】根据随机事件、概率的意义以及全面调查与抽样调查的定义即可作出判断.【解答】解:A、“任意画出一个圆,它是中心对称图形”是必然事件,本选项错误;B、为了解我省中学生的体能情况,应采用抽查的方式,本选项错误;C、天气预报明天下雨的概率是99%,该事件不是必然事件,说明明天不一定会下雨,本选项错误;D、任意掷一枚质地均匀的硬币10次,正面朝上的次数不一定是5次,该事件是随机事件,本选项正确.故选D.5.不等式组的解集在数轴上表示为()A. B.C. D.【考点】解一元一次不等式组;在数轴上表示不等式的解集.【分析】先求出不等式组中每一个不等式的解集,再求出它们的公共部分,然后把不等式的解集表示在数轴上即可.【解答】解:,由x+2≤3得x≤1,由<3得x>﹣3,则不等式组的解集为﹣3<x≤1,在数轴上表示为:故选A.6.如图6×7的方格中,点A,B,C,D是格点,线段CD是由线段AB位似放大得到的,则它们的位似中心是()A.P1B.P2C.P3D.P4【考点】位似变换.【分析】连接CA,DB,并延长,则交点即为它们的位似中心.继而求得答案.【解答】解:∵如图,连接CA,DB,并延长,则交点即为它们的位似中心.∴它们的位似中心是P3.故选C.7.如图,直线m∥n,Rt△ABC的顶点A在直线n上,∠C=90°,AB,CB分别交直线m 于点D和点E,且DB=DE,若∠B=25°,则∠1的度数为()A.60°B.65°C.70°D.75°【考点】平行线的性质.【分析】先根据等腰三角形的性质和三角形外角的性质求出∠3的度数,再根据平行线的性质求出∠4的度数,再由∠ACB=90°得出∠5的度数,根据平角的定义即可得出结论.【解答】解:如图,∵DB=DE,∠B=25°,∴∠2=25°,∴∠3=25°+25°=50°,∵m∥n,∴∠4=50°,∵∠C=90°,∴∠5=65°,∴∠1=180°﹣50°﹣65°=65°.故选:B.8.天然气公司为了解某社区居民使用天然气的情况,随机对该社区10户居民进行了调查,如表是这10户居民3月份用气量的调查结果:居民户数 1 2 3 4月用气量(立方米)14 15 22 25则这10户居民月用气量(单位:立方米)的中位数是()A.14 B.15 C.22 D.25【考点】中位数.【分析】根据中位数的定义解答即可.【解答】解:10个数,最中间的数为第5个数和第6个数,它们都是22,所以这10户居民用水量的中位数为(22+22)÷2=22.故选C.9.某网上电器商城销售某种品牌的高端电器.已知该电器按批发价上浮50%进行标价,若按照标价的九折销售,则可获纯利润350元,现由于商城搞促销,该电器按照标价的八折销售,则可获纯利润()A.180元B.200元C.220元D.240元【考点】一元一次方程的应用.【分析】设该商品批发价为x元/件,则该商品的标价为(1+50%)x元/件,根据:标价×0.9﹣批发价=纯利润,列方程求得商品的批发价,继而可得该电器按照标价的八折销售可获纯利润.【解答】解:设该商品批发价为x元/件,则该商品的标价为(1+50%)x元/件,根据题意,得:(1+50%)x•0.9﹣x=350,解得:x=1000,则其标价为(1+50%)×1000=1500元/件,∴该电器按照标价的八折销售,则可获纯利润为1500×0.8﹣1000=200元,故选:B.10.如图,在以点O为圆心的半圆中,AB为直径,且AB=4,将该半圆折叠,使点A和点B落在点O处,折痕分别为EC和FD,则图中阴影部分面积为()A.4﹣B.4﹣C.2﹣D.2﹣【考点】扇形面积的计算;翻折变换(折叠问题).【分析】根据题意求得AC=OC=OD=DB=1,CD=2,EC==,进一步求得△EOF 是等边三角形,然后根据S 阴影=S 长方形﹣(S 半圆﹣S 长方形CDFE )+2(S 扇形OEF ﹣S △EOF )即可求得.【解答】解:∵AB 为直径,且AB=4,∴OA=OE=2,∵点A 和点B 落在点O 处,折痕分别为EC 和FD ,∴AC=OC=OD=DB=1,∴CD=2,EC==,∴△EOF 是等边三角形,∴∠EOF=60°,∴S 半圆=π×22=2π,S 长方形CDFE =2×=2, ∴S 阴影=S 长方形﹣(S 半圆﹣S 长方形CDFE )+2(S 扇形OEF ﹣S △EOF ) =4﹣2π+2(﹣×2×) =2﹣. 故选D .二、填空题:本大题共5个小题,每小题3分,共15分11.计算×﹣的结果是 1 .【考点】实数的运算. 【分析】根据实数的运算顺序,首先计算开方和乘法,然后计算减法,求出算式×﹣的结果是多少即可.【解答】解:×﹣ =3×﹣2=3﹣2=1故答案为:1.12.从5,6,7这三个数字中,随机抽取两个不同数字组成一个两位数,则这个两位数能被3整除的概率是.【考点】列表法与树状图法.【分析】根据所抽取的数据拼成两位数,得出总数及能被3整除的数,求概率.【解答】解:如下表,∵任意抽取两个不同数字组成一个两位数,共6种情况,其中能被3整除的有57,75两种,∴组成两位数能被3整除的概率为=.故答案为:.13.如图,小明家所在住宅楼楼前广场的宽AB为30米,线段BC为AB正前方的一条道路的宽.小明站在家里点D处观察B,C两点的俯角分别为60°和45°,已知DA垂直地面,则这条道路的宽BC为21.96米(≈1.732)【考点】解直角三角形的应用-仰角俯角问题.【分析】根据题意求出∠ABD和∠C的度数,根据正切的定义计算即可.【解答】解:由题意得,∠ABD=∠EDB=60°,∠C=∠EDC=45°,∴AD=AB×tan∠ABD=30米,∴AC=AD=30米,∴BC=AC﹣AB=30﹣30≈21.96米,故答案为:21.96.14.如图4×5的方格纸中,在除阴影之外的方格中任意选择一个涂黑,与图中阴影部分构成轴对称图形的涂法有4种.【考点】轴对称图形.【分析】结合图象根据轴对称图形的概念求解即可.【解答】解:根据轴对称图形的概念可知,一共有四种涂法,如下图所示:.故答案为:4.15.如图,为一块面积为1.5m2的直角三角形模板,其中∠B=90°,AB=1.5m,现要把它加工成正方形DEFG木板(EF在AC上,点D和点G分别在AB和BC上),则该正方形木板的边长为m.【考点】相似三角形的应用.【分析】直接利用勾股定理结合直角三角形的性质得出BN的长,再利用相似三角形的判定与性质表示出AD的长,进而得出答案.【解答】解:过点B作BN⊥AC于点N,∵面积为1.5m2的直角三角形模板,其中∠B=90°,AB=1.5m,∴BC=2cm,∴AC==2.5(m),∴2.5BN=1.5×2,解得:BN=1.2,∵∠A=∠A,∠AED=∠ABC,∴△AED∽△ABC,∴=,设DE=x,则=,解得:AD=x,∵DG∥AC,∴△GBD∽△CBA,∴=∴=解得:x=.故该正方形木板的边长为m.故答案为:.三、解答题:本大题共8个小题,共75分16.(1)计算:()﹣3﹣|﹣1|×(﹣3)2+()0(2)化简:﹣.【考点】分式的加减法;实数的运算;零指数幂;负整数指数幂.【分析】(1)原式利用零指数幂、负整数指数幂法则,乘方的意义,以及绝对值的代数意义化简,计算即可得到结果;(2)原式通分并利用同分母分式的减法法则计算,即可得到结果.【解答】解:(1)原式=8﹣9+1=0;(2)原式=﹣==.17.阅读与观察:我国古代数学的许多发现都曾位居世界前列,如图1的“杨辉三角”就是其中的一例.杨辉,字谦光,南宋时期杭州人,在他所著的《详解九章算法》艺术中,揖录了如图1所示的三角形数表,称之为“开方作法本源”图,经观察研究发现,在两腰上的数位1的前提下,杨辉三角有许多重要的特点,例如:每个数都等于它上方两数之和等等.如图2,某同学发现杨辉三角给出了(a+b)n(n为正整数)的展开式(按a的次数由大到小的顺序排列)的系数规律.例如,在三角形中第三行的三个数1,2,1,恰好对应(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2展开式中各项的系数;第四行的四个数1,3,3,1,恰好对应着(a+b)3=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3展开式中各项的系数等等.(1)通过观察,请你写出杨辉三角具有的任意两个特点;(阅读材料中的特点除外)(2)计算:993+3×992+3×99+1;(3)请你直接写出(a+b)4的展开式.【考点】完全平方公式.【分析】(1)从每行的数字个数和数字之和可得规律;(2)根据图中第四行的四个数1,3,3,1,恰好对应着(a+b)3=a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3展开式中各项的系数即可求得;(3)根据(a+b)n展开后,各项是按a的降幂排列的,系数依次是从左到右(a+b)n﹣1系数之和.它的两端都是由数字1组成的,而其余的数则是等于它肩上的两个数之和即可得出.【解答】解:(1)∵第1行有1个数字,数字之和为1=20,第2行有2个数字,数字之和为2=21,第3行有3个数字,数字之和为4=22,第4行有4个数字,数字之和为8=23,…第n行有n个数字,数字之和为2n﹣1;(2)993+3×992+3×99+1=(99+1)3=1003=106;(3)(a+b)4=a4+4a3b+6a2b2+4ab3+b4.18.作图与证明:如图,已知⊙O和⊙O上的一点A,请完成下列任务:(1)作⊙O的内接正六边形ABCDEF;(2)连接BF,CE,判断四边形BCEF的形状并加以证明.【考点】正多边形和圆;作图—复杂作图.【分析】(1)由正六边形ABCDEF的中心角为60°,可得△OAB是等边三角形,继而可得正六边形的边长等于半径,则可画出⊙O的内接正六边形ABCDEF;(2)首先连接OE,由六边形ABCDEF是正六边形,易得EF=BC,=,则可得BF=CE,证得四边形BCEF是平行四边形,然后由∠EDC=∠DEF=120°,∠DEC=30°,求得∠CEF=90°,则可证得结论.【解答】解:(1)如图1,首先作直径AD,然后分别以A,D为圆心,OA长为半径画弧,分别交⊙O于点B,F,C,E,连接AB,BC,CD,DE,EF,AF,则正六边形ABCDEF即为⊙O所求;(2)四边形BCEF是矩形.理由:如图2,连接OE,∵六边形ABCDEF是正六边形,∴AB=AF=DE=DC,FE=BC,∴===,∴=,∴BF=CE,∴四边形BCEF是平行四边形,∵∠EOD==60°,OE=OD,∴△EOD是等边三角形,∴∠OED=∠ODE=60°,∴∠EDC=∠FED=2∠ODE=120°,∵DE=DC,∴∠DEC=∠DCE=30°,∴∠CEF=∠DEF﹣∠CED=90°,∴四边形BCEF是矩形.19.某艺术类学校进行绘画特长生的招生工作,每名考生需要参加“素描”“色彩”“速写”三个项目的测试,三个项目的满分均为100分,“素描”“色彩”“速写”按照4:4:2的比例计算得到选手最终成就,现有20名考生报名参加测试,测试结束后,考生的素描成绩如下(单位:分):88,85,90,99,86,68,94,98,78,9796,93,89,94,89,85,80,95,89,77请根据上述数据,解决下列问题:(1)补全下面考生素描成绩的表格(每组数据含最小值不含最大值)和频数分布直方图;分组人数(频数)60﹣70 170﹣80 280﹣90 990﹣100 8合计20(2)如表为甲、乙两名选手比赛成绩的记录表,现要在甲、乙二人中录取一名,请通过计算得出谁最终被录取.项目素描色彩速写成绩甲98 93 95乙95 95 100【考点】频数(率)分布直方图;频数(率)分布表;加权平均数.【分析】(1)根据考生的素描成绩可得70﹣80的人数(频数),90﹣100的人数(频数),进一步补全频数分布直方图;(2)根据加权平均数:若n个数x1,x2,x3,…,x n的权分别是w1,w2,w3,…,w n,则x1w1+x2w2+…+xnwnw1+w2+…+wn叫做这n个数的加权平均数,求出甲、乙两名选手比赛成绩,再比较大小即可求解.【解答】解:(1)填表如下:分组人数(频数)60﹣70 170﹣80 280﹣90 990﹣100 8合计20如图所示:(2)4+4+2=10,4÷10=0.4,2÷10=0.2,=98×0.4+95×0.4+95×0.2=96.2,=98×0.4+95×0.4+100×0.2=96,∵96.2>96,∴甲最终被录取.20.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,一次函数y=k 1x +b 与反比例函数y=的图象交于点A (﹣1,6)和点B (3,m ),与y 轴交于点C ,与x 轴交于点D .(1)求一次函数y=k 1x +b 和反比例函数y=的表达式; (2)点P 是双曲线y=上的一点,且满足S △PCD =S △DOE ,求点P 的坐标.【考点】反比例函数与一次函数的交点问题.【分析】(1)将A 坐标代入反比例函数解析式中求出k 2的值,即可确定出反比例函数解析式;将B 坐标代入反比例解析式中求出m 的值,确定出B 坐标,将A 与B 坐标代入一次函数解析式中求出k 1与b 的值,即可确定出一次函数解析式;(2)如图,当P 在第二象限时,连接PC ,PO ,作PE ⊥y 轴于E ,求得D 的横坐标为2,根据已知条件得到PE=OD=2,求得P 的横坐标为﹣2,把x=﹣2代入y=﹣中得y=3,于是得到结论;同理可得当点P 在第四象限时,求得P (2,﹣3).【解答】解:∵A (﹣1,6)在y=上得k 2=﹣6.∴y=﹣,∵B (3,m )反比例函数y=﹣的图象上,∴m=﹣2,因为y=k 1x +b 过A (﹣1,6)、B (3,﹣2)两点, ∴, 解得:,∴一次函数的表达式是y=﹣2x +4;(2)如图,当P 在第二象限时,连接PC ,PO ,作PE ⊥y 轴于E ,把y=0代入y=﹣2k +4中得x=2,∴D 的横坐标为2,∵S △PCD =S △DOE , ∴CO •PE=CO •OD ,∴PE=OD=2,∴P 的横坐标为﹣2,把x=﹣2代入y=﹣中得y=3,∴此时点P 的坐标为(﹣2,3),同理可得当点P 在第四象限时,P (2,﹣3),∴点P 的坐标是(﹣2,3),(2,﹣3).21.为弘扬中华传统文化,某徽章设计公司设计了如图所示的一种新式徽章,每件的成本是50元,为了合理定价,先投放在某饰品店进行试销.试销发现,该徽章销售单价为100元时,每天的销售量是50件,且当销售单价每降低1元时,每天就可多售出5件. (1)如果该店每天要使该徽章的销售利润为4000元,则销售单价应定为多少元?(2)该店每天该徽章的销售是否有最大利润?若有,请求出最大利润及销售单价,若没有,请说明理由.【考点】二次函数的应用;一元二次方程的应用.【分析】(1)利用每件商品利润×销量=总利润4000,得出关系式求出即可;(2)把(1)中的二次函数解析式转化为顶点式方程,利用二次函数图象的性质进行解答.【解答】解:(1)设应将单价降低x 元,则商店每天的销售量为(50+5x )件,由题意得(50﹣x )(50+5x )=4000,解得:x 1=10,x 2=30.答:如果要使该企业每天的销售利润为4000元,应将销售单价应定为70元或90元; (2)y=﹣5x 2+800x ﹣27500=﹣5(x ﹣80)2+4500∵a=﹣5<0,∴抛物线开口向下.∵50≤x≤100,对称轴是直线x=80,=4500;∴当x=80时,y最大值即销售单价为80元时,每天的销售利润最大,最大利润是4500元.22.如图1,在△ABC和△MNB中,∠ACB=∠MBN=90°,AC=BC=4,MB=NB=2,点N 在BC边上,连接AN,CM,点E,F,D,G分别为AC,AN,MN,CM的中点,连接EF,FD,DG,EG.(1)判断四边形EFDG的形状,并证明;(2)求FD的长;(3)如图2,将图1中的△MBN绕点B逆时针旋转90°,其他条件不变,猜想此时四边形EFDG的形状,并证明.【考点】几何变换综合题.【分析】(1)四边形EFDG是平行四边形,理由为:如图1,连接AM,由E、F、G、H分别为中点,利用利用中位线定理得到两组对边相等,即可得证;(2)如图1,过点M作MH⊥AB,交AB的延长线于点H,根据内错角相等,两直线平行,得到AC与BM平行,由三角形ACB与三角形MBN都为等腰直角三角形,由BC求出AB 的长,进而求出BH的长,由AB+BH求出AH的长,在直角三角形AMH中,利用勾股定理求出AM的长,利用中位线定理求出FD的长即可;(3)四边形EFDG为正方形,理由为:如图2,连接CN,AM,分别交EF、CN于点L与K,由CB﹣BM求出CM的长,得到CM=BN,再由一对直角相等,AC=BC,利用SAS得到三角形ACM与三角形CBN全等,利用全等三角形对应边、对应角相等得到AM=CN,∠CAM=∠BCN,利用同角的余角相等,求出∠AKC为直角,利用两组对边平行的四边形为平行四边形得到四边形EFDG为平行四边形,再由一个内角为直角,且邻边相等即可得证.【解答】解:(1)四边形EFDG是平行四边形,证明:如图1,连接AM,∵E、F、D、G分别为AC、AN、MN、CM的中点,∴FD=EG=AM,EF=GD=CN,∴四边形EFDG是平行四边形;(2)如图1,过点M作MH⊥AB,交AB的延长线于点H,∵∠ACB=∠MBN=90°,AC=BC=4,MB=NB=2,∴AC∥BM,∴∠MBH=∠CAB=45°,∴AB==4,∴BH=MH=MBsin45°=,∴AH=AB+BH=4+=5,在Rt△AMH中,由勾股定理得:AM===2,则FD=AM=;(3)四边形EFDG是正方形,证明:如图2,连接CN,AM,分别交EF、CN于点L与K,由已知得:点M和点D分别落在BC与AB边上,∴CM=CB﹣BM=4﹣2=2,∴CM=BN,∵∠ACM=∠CBN=90°,AC=BC,∴△ACM≌△CBN(SAS),∴AM=CN,∠CAM=∠BCN,∵∠ACK+∠KCM=90°,∴∠ACK+∠CAK=90°,在△ACK中,∠AKC=180°﹣(∠ACK+∠CAK)=180°﹣90°=90°,由(1)可得EG∥AM∥FD,EF∥CN∥GD,∴四边形EFDG是平行四边形,∴∠GEL=∠ELA=∠AKC=90°,∴四边形EFDG是矩形,∵EG=AM=CN=EF,∴四边形EFDG是正方形.23.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,抛物线y=﹣x2+x+6与x轴交于A、B两点(点A在点B左侧),与y轴交于点C,直线l经过点A和点C,连接BC.将直线l沿着x轴正方形平移m个单位(0<m<10)得到直线l′,l′交x轴于点D,交BC于点E,交抛物线于点F.(1)求点A,点B和点C的坐标;(2)如图2,将△EDB沿直线l′翻折得到△EDB′,求点B′的坐标(用含m的代数式表示);(3)在(2)的条件下,当点B′落在直线AC上时,请直接写出点F的坐标.【考点】二次函数综合题.【分析】(1)通过解方程,﹣x2+x+6=0可得A点和B点坐标,再计算自变量为0时的函数值可得到C点坐标;(2)根据勾股定理求得BC=10,即可证得AB=BC,根据AC∥FD,得出=,求得BE=BD,即可证得四边形EB′DB是菱形,得出B′D∥BC,然后过点B′作B′H⊥AB与H,证得△B′HD∽△COB,即可求得B′H=﹣m+6,HD=﹣m+8,进一步求得OH,得出B′的坐标;(3)根据菱形的性质得出BM=B′M,由平移的定义可知DE∥AC,根据平行线分线段成比例定理证得BD=AD=AB=5,求得D的坐标,根据勾股定理求得AC的解析式,进而求得DF的解析式,然后联立方程,即可求得F的坐标.【解答】解:(1)将y=0代入y=﹣x2+x+6得,﹣x2+x+6=0,解得x1=﹣2,x2=8,∴点A的坐标为(﹣2,0),点B的坐标为(8,0);将x=0代入y=﹣x2+x+6得y=6,∴点C的坐标为(0,6);(2)在RT△COB中,由勾股定理得BC===10,∵AB=AO+OB=2+8=10,∴AB=BC,∵AD=m,∴DB=AB﹣AD=10﹣m,∵AC∥FD,∴=,∴BE=BD=B′E=B′D=10﹣m,∴四边形EB′DB是菱形,∴B′D∥BC,过点B′作B′H⊥AB与H,∴∠B′DH=∠CBO,∠B′HD=∠COB=90°,∴△B′HD∽△COB,∴==,即==,∴B′H=﹣m+6,HD=﹣m+8,当点B′在y轴的右侧时,OH=OB﹣HD﹣DB=8﹣(﹣m+8)﹣(10﹣m)=m﹣10,当点B′在y轴的左侧时,OH=HD+DB﹣OB=(﹣m+8)+(10﹣m)﹣8=10﹣m,∴点B′的坐标为(m﹣10,﹣m+6);(3)∵四边形EB′DB是菱形,∴BM=B′M,由平移的定义可知DE∥AC,∴==1,∴BD=AD=AB=5,∵OA=2,∴OD=3,∴D的坐标为(3,0),设直线AC的解析式为y=kx+b,代入A(﹣2,0),C(0,6)得:,解得,∵DF∥AC,设直线DF的解析式为y=3x+b,代入D(3,0)得9+b=0,解得b=﹣9,∴直线DF为y=3x﹣9,解得或,∴F的坐标为(﹣1,3﹣12).9月28日。

2023年初中学业水平考试物理模拟试卷(四)(云南新中考)(解析版)

2023年初中学业水平考试物理模拟试卷(四)(云南新中考)(解析版)

保密★启用前2023年初中学业水平考试模拟试卷(四)物理(全卷五个大题,共23个小题,满分90分,考试用时75分钟)(本试卷题型与分值设置依据2023年云南学业水平考试物理试卷最新信息预设) 注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答第Ⅰ卷时,选出每小题答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。

写在本试卷上无效。

3.回答第Ⅰ卷时,将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效。

4.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题)一、选择题(共10小题,满分30分。

1-7题为单选题,8-10题为多选题,全部选对得3分,选对但不全得1分,选错项得0分)1.一次体育课上,甲、乙两同学进行爬爬竿比赛,甲从某一位置匀速爬到竿顶用时8s ,乙从同一位置爬到竿顶用时12s 。

若甲、乙两人体重相等,则他们爬竿功率之比为( )A .2∶3B .3∶2C .4∶9D .9∶4 【答案】B【详解】因为甲、乙两同学从同一位置爬杆到顶端,所以两同学爬杆上升的高度h 相同,由WP t =和W =Gh 可知,两同学爬杆功率之比为12s 3=8s 2W GhP t t t W Gh P t t t ====甲甲甲乙甲乙乙乙甲乙故ACD 不符合题意,B 符合题意。

故选B 。

2.学了摩擦起电后,小明做了个小实验:用丝绸摩擦过的玻璃棒吸引轻质小球,如图甲所示,小球被吸起;将玻璃棒移走后,再次靠近小球,发现小球远离玻璃棒运动,如图乙所示,下列说法正确的是( )A .丝绸和玻璃棒摩擦时创造了电荷B .轻质小球被吸起前一定带负电荷C .小球远离玻璃棒时,小球不带电D .小球远离玻璃棒时,小球带正电【答案】D【详解】A .丝绸和玻璃棒摩擦时,丝绸得到电子带负电,玻璃棒失去电子带正电荷,没有创造电荷,故A 错误;B .玻璃棒带正电,因带电体能够吸引轻小物体,异种电荷相互吸引,则轻质小球被吸起前可能不带电,也有可能带负电荷,故B 错误;CD .再次用玻璃棒靠近小球时,发现小球远离玻璃棒运动,因同种电荷相互排斥,说明此时小球与玻璃棒带同种电荷,即小球带正电;小球带正电的原因:若原来小球不带电,轻质小球被吸起后因与玻璃棒接触而带正电;若原来小球带负电,则是正负电荷中和后正电荷较多而带正电,故C 错误,D 正确。

2024年四川省成都市中考二模模拟试卷(四)(原卷版)

2024年四川省成都市中考二模模拟试卷(四)(原卷版)

2024年四川省成都市中考二模模拟试卷(四)数学(考试时间:120分钟试卷满分:150分)A 卷(共100分)第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共32分)一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题4分,共32分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.-3.5的倒数的相反数是()A .13.5B .27C .—13.5D .722.5G 被认为是物联网、自动驾驶汽车、智慧城市的“结缔组织”,是工业互联网的中坚力量.近年来,我国5G 发展取得明显成就,根据中国工信部的数据,截至2020年10月底,全国累计建设开通5G 基站达69.5万个,将数据69.5万用科学记数法表示为()A .695×103B .69.5×104C .6.95×105D .0.695×1063.马虎同学在下面的计算中只做对了一道题,他做对的题目是()A .336a a a +=B .()33612a a a ⋅=C .63222a a a ÷=D .358236a a a ⋅=4.下列命题中,错误的是()A .两组对边分别平行的四边形是平行四边形B .两条对角线互相垂直的四边形是平行四边形C .三个角是直角的四边形是矩形D .四边相等的四边形是菱形5.为了落实“作业、睡眠、手机、读物、体质”等五项管理要求,了解学生的睡眠状况,调查了一个班50名学生每天的睡眠时间,绘成睡眠时间频数分布直方图如图所示,则所调查学生睡眠时间的众数,中位数分别为()A .7h ;7hB .8h ;7.5hC .7h ;7.5hD .8h ;8h6.如图,太阳光线与地面成60°的角,照射在地面上的一个皮球上,皮球在地面上的投影长是球的直径是()A .15B .83C .103D .307.成渝路内江至成都段全长170km ,一辆小汽车和一辆客车同时从内江、成都两地相向开出,经过76h 相遇,相遇时,小汽车比客车多行驶20km .设小汽车和客车的平均速度分别为x km /h 和y km /h ,则下列方程组正确的是()A .20{7717066x y x y +=+=B .20{7717066x y x y -=+=C .20{7717066x y x y +=-=D .7717066{772066x y x y +=-=8.如图,抛物线y =ax 2+bx +c (a ≠0)的对称轴是x =1,现给出下列4个结论:①abc >0,②2a ﹣b =0,③4a +2b +c >0,④b 2﹣4ac >0,其中错误的结论有()A .1个B .2个C .3个D .4个第Ⅱ卷(非选择题,共68分)二、填空题(本大题共5个小题,每小题4分,共20分,答案写在答题卡上)9.分解因式:324x x x -+=.10.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,若正比例函数1()y n x =-的图象经过第一、三象限,则n 的取值范围是.11.在平面直角坐标系中,已知点()3,6A -、()9,3B --,以原点O 为位似中心,相似比为13,把ABO 缩小,则点B 对应点B '的坐标是.12.设x 是最小的正整数,y 是最大的负整数,z 是绝对值最小的数,则x y z -+=.13.如图,在AOC 中,以O 为圆心,OA 为半径画弧,分别交AC ,OC 于点D ,B .若CD OA =,72O ∠=︒,则OAC ∠︒.三、解答题(本大题共5个小题,共48分,解答过程写在答题卡上)14.(1)计算:)1019tan 3027322-⎛⎫︒+⎪ ⎭⎝.(2)解不等式:1132x x +-≥.15.甲、乙两校参加区教育局举办的学生英语口语竞赛,两校参赛人数相等.比赛结束后,发现学生成绩分别为7分、8分、9分、10分(满分为10分).依据统计数据绘制了如图所示的尚不完整的统计图表.甲校成绩统计表分数7分8分9分10分人数1108(1)在图①中,“7分”所在扇形的圆心角等于______︒;(2)请你将②的统计图补充完整;(3)经计算,乙校的平均分是8.3分,中位数是8分,请写出甲校的平均分、中位数;并从平均分和中位数的角度分析哪个学校成绩较好;(4)如果该教育局要组织8人的代表队参加市级团体赛,为便于管理,决定从这两所学校中的一所挑选参赛选手,请你分析,应选哪所学校?16.如图,MN 是一条东西方向的海岸线,在海岸线上的A 处测得一海岛在南偏西32°的方向上,向东走过780米后到达B 处,测得海岛在南偏西37°的方向,求小岛到海岸线的距离.(参考数据:tan37°=cot53°≈0.755,cot37°=tan53°≈1.327,tan32°=cot58°≈0.625,cot32°=tan58°≈1.600.)17.如图,AB 是O 的直径,弦CD AB ⊥,P 为 AC 上一点,PC PD 、分别与直线AB 交于M 、N ,延长DC 至点E ,使得CPE PDC ∠=∠.(1)求证:PE 是O 的切线;(2)若6OM ON ⋅=,求AB 的长.18.定义:平面直角坐标系xOy 中,若点M 绕点N 顺时针旋转90︒,恰好落在函数图象W 上,则称点M 是点N 关于函数图象W 的“直旋点”.例如,点()11-,是原点O 关于函数y x =图象的一个“直旋点”.(1)在①()12-,,②()13,,③()32-,三点中,是原点O 关于一次函数21y x =-图象的“直旋点”的有____(填序号);(2)点()24M -,是点()10N ,关于反比例函数k y x=图象的“直旋点”,求k 的值;(3)如图1,点()13A ,在反比例函数k y x =图象上,点B 是在反比例函数k y x =图象上点A 右侧的一点,若点B 是点A 关于函数k y x=的“直旋点”,求点B 的坐标.B 卷(共50分)一、填空题(本大题共5个小題,每小題4分,共20分,答案写在答题卡上)19.当1x =时,代数式35ax bx ++的值是6,那么当=1x -时,代数式35ax bx ++的值是.20.将四个图1中的直角三角形,分别拼成如图2,图3所示的正方形,则图2中阴影部分的面积为.21.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,()1,0P ,以P 为圆心作圆P ,交x 轴于点()1,0A -、B ,交y 轴于点C 、D ,点M 为 CBD 上任一点(不与C 、D 重合),则tan CMD ∠=.22.计算机可以帮助我们又快又准地画出函数的图像.用“几何画板”软件画出的函数2(3)y x x =-和3y x =-的图像如图所示.若m ,n 分别满足方程2(3)1x x -=和31x -=根据图像可知m ,n 的大小关系是.23.如图,在ABC 中,90,5,4A BC AC ∠=︒==,点D 为AC 上任一点,连接BD ,过点B ,C 分别作,,BE CD EC BD BE 与CE 交于点E ,则线段DE 的最小值为.二、解答题(本大题共3个小题,共30分,解答过程写在答题卡上)24.如图,有长为24m 的篱笆,一面利用墙(墙的最大可用长度为10m )围成中间隔有一道篱笆的长方形养鸡场,设养鸡场的宽AB 为x m ,面积为y m 2.(1)求y 与x 的函数关系,并写出x 的取值范围;(2)当长方形的长、宽各为多少时,养鸡场的面积最大,最大面积是多少?25.在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线l :()0y kx m k =+≠与抛物线212y x =相交于A ,B 两点.(点A 在点B 的左侧)(1)如图1,若A 、B 两点的横坐标分别是1-,2,求直线l 的关系式;(2)如图2,若直线l 与y 轴的交点()0,2C -,且点B 是线段AC 中点,求k 的值;(3)如图3,若直线l 运动过程中,始终有OA OB ⊥,试探究直线l 是否经过某一定点.若是,请求出该定点的坐标;若不是,请说明理由.26.已知,点E 是矩形ABCD 边BC 上一点,连接AE ,52AB BE =.(1)若AB EC =;①如图1,点F 在边CD 上,且CF BE =,连接EF ,求证:EF AE ⊥;②如图2,点F 在边AB 上,且AF BE =,连接CF 交AE 于点G ,过点C 作CH AE ⊥交AE 的延长线于点H ,求GE EH的值;(2)如图3,2CE BE =,F 在边AB 上,连CF 交AE 于G .若45CGE ∠=︒,则tan BFC ∠=.。

考试-模拟试卷4

考试-模拟试卷4
B . 阴道脓性分泌物
C . 宫颈柱状上皮异位
D . 宫体压痛
E . 宫颈管有黏液脓性分泌物
正确答案:E。考生答案:。
15 . 关于子宫的韧带,以下哪项错误
A . 圆韧带起于子宫角两侧,终于大阴唇前端
B . 连接卵巢与子宫角之间的韧带称为卵巢的悬韧带
C . 阔韧带内2/3包裹输卵管,外1/3移行为骨盆漏斗韧带
E . 边推进边将两叶转平
正确答案:D。考生答案:。
10 . 关于FSH与LH,下列哪项是错误的?
A . FSH、LH、TSH、HCG均由α与β二条链形成
18 . 关于急性盆腔炎,下列哪项不正确
A . 可发生于产后或流产后感染
B . 慢性盆腔炎急性发作
C . 可有寒战、高热
D . 治疗应彻底,以免形成慢性盆腔炎
正确答案:C。考生答案:。
3 . 下列不属于瘀血致病特点的是
A . 易于阻滞气机
B . 影响新血生成
C . 影响血脉运行
2 . 与内伤头痛关系密切的脏腑是
A . 肺脾肾
B . 心脾肾
C . 肝脾肾
D . 心肝肾
E . 心肺肾
C . 风性主动
D . 风性轻扬
E . 风性开泄
正确答案:B。考生答案:。
7 . “上气海”是指
A . 息道
B . 久病肺虚
C . 痰湿壅肺
D . 肺气上逆
E . 肺虚津伤,肺叶枯萎
正确答案:E。考生答案:。
B . FSH与LH均是糖蛋白激素
C . FSH与LH均呈脉冲式释放
D . FSH主要作用是促卵泡膜细胞形成

2024年宁夏银川市中考模拟数学试卷(四)

2024年宁夏银川市中考模拟数学试卷(四)

2024年宁夏银川市中考模拟数学试卷(四)一、单选题1.13-的绝对值是( ) A .3 B .3- C .13 D .13- 2.下列各图都是用四个全等的直角三角形拼成的图形,其中是中心对称图形但不是轴对称图形的是( )A .B .C .D . 3.下列计算结果正确的是( )A .824a a a ÷=B .523-=ab abC .222()a b a b -=-D .3226()ab a b -= 4.某市6月份日平均气温统计如图所示,则在日平均气温这组数据中,温度最高的天数是( )A .10B .6C .2D .45.下列二次根式中,是最简二次根式的是( )AB C D 6.若将一副三角板按如图所示的方式放置,则下列结论不正确的是( )A .13∠=∠B .如果230∠=︒,则有//AC DE C .如果245∠=︒,则有4=∠∠D D .如果250∠=︒,则有//BC AD7.二次函数20(0)ax bx c a ++=≠的图象如图所示,下列结论中错误的是( )A . 0a >B .20a b +<C . 0a b c ++<D . 240b ac -> 8.如图,将含30︒角的直角三角尺ABC 绕点B 顺时针旋转150︒后得到EBD △,连接CD .若4c m AB =.则BCD △的面积为( )A .B .C .3D .2二、填空题9.约分:3242ab a b=.10.若菱形的对角线长分别为2与211.用与教材中相同型号的计算器,依次按键 ,显示结果为.借助显示结果,可以将一元二次方程210x x +-=的正数解近似表示为.(精确到0.001)12.从﹣1,2,3这三个数中任取一个数,分别记作m ,那么点(m ,﹣2)在第三象限的概率是.13.如图,四边形ABCD 的对角线AC 是O e 的直径,AB AD =,110AOD ∠=︒,则B C D ∠=︒.14.在一条可以折叠的数轴上,A ,B 表示的数分别是﹣9,4,如图,以点C 为折点,将此数轴向右对折,若点A 在点B 的右边,且AB =1,则C 点表示的数是.15.如图是某种杆秤.在秤杆的点A 处固定提纽,点B 处挂秤盘,点C 为0刻度点.当秤盘不放物品时,提起提纽,秤砣所挂位置移动到点C ,秤杆处于平衡.秤盘放入x 克物品后移动秤砣,当秤砣所挂位置与提扭的距离为y 毫米时秤杆处于平衡.测得x 与y 的几组对应数据如下表:由表中数据的规律可知,当20x =克时,y =毫米.16.如图的正方形网格中,点A ,B ,C ,D ,E 均为格点,ABC CDE V V ≌,点B ,C ,D 在同一直线上,则下列结论中正确的是(选填序号).①BAC ECD ∠=∠;②90BAC CED ∠+∠=︒;③AC EC ⊥;④AC CD =.三、解答题17.计算:2122tan 602-⎛⎫-︒ ⎪⎝⎭. 18.以下是圆圆解方程13123x x +--=的解答过程. 解:去分母,得3(1)2(3)1x x +--=去括号,得31231x x +-+=移项,合并同类项,得3x =-.(1)圆圆的解答过程是否有错误?如果有错误,写出正确的解答过程;(2)请尝试解方程1310.20.3x x +--=. 19.已知某品牌电动车电池的电压为定值,某校物理小组的同学发现使用该电池时,电流I (单位:A )与电阻R (单位:Ω)是反比例函数关系,它的图象如图所示.(1)求该品牌电动车电池的电压;(2)该物理小组通过询问经销商得知该电动车以最高速度行驶时,工作电压为电池的电压,工作电流在7.2 A 8 A :的范围,请帮该小组确定这时电阻值的范围.20.甲、乙两人加工同一种零件,甲每天加工的数量是乙每天加工数量的1.5倍,两人各加工600个这种零件,甲比乙少用5天.(1)甲、乙两人每天各加工多少个这种零件?(2)已知甲、乙两人加工这种零件每天的加工费分别是150元和120,现有1600个这种零件的加工任务,甲单独加工一段时间后另有安排,剩余任务由乙单独完成.如果总加工费不超过4200元,那么甲至少加工了多少天?21.如图,在ABCD Y 中,对角线AC BC ⊥,过点D 作DE BC ⊥于E ,求证:四边形ACED 是矩形.22.如图1是小区常见的漫步机,当人踩在踏板上,握住扶手,像走路一样抬腿,就会带动踏板连杆绕轴旋转,如图2,从侧面看,立柱DE高1.8米,踏板静止时踏板连杆与DE上的线段AB重合,BE长为0.2米,当踏板连杆绕着点A旋转到AC处时,测得∠CAB=37°,此时点C距离地面的高度CF为0.45米,求AB和AD的长(参考数据:sin37°≈0.60,cos37°≈0.80,tan37°≈0.75)23.为庆祝中国共产主义青年团成立101周年,学校团委在八、九年级各抽取50名团员开展团知识竞赛,为便于统计成绩,制定了取整数的计分方式,满分10分,竞赛成绩如图所示:根据以上信息,回答下列问题.a______,b=______;(1)填空=(2)现要给成绩突出的年级颁奖,请你从某个角度分析,应该给哪个年级颁奖?(3)若规定成绩8分及以上同学获奖,则哪个年级的获奖率高?24.如图,在ABC V 中,AB AC =,以AB 为直径的⊙O 与边BC ,AC 分别交于D ,E 两点,过点D 作DH AC ⊥于点H .(1)求证:H 为CE 的中点;(2)若10BC =,cos 5C =,求AE 的长. 25.如图,抛物线y = ax 2 + bx + 4与x 轴的两个交点分别为A (-4,0)、B (2,0),与y 轴交于点C ,顶点为D .E (1,2)为线段BC 的中点,BC 的垂直平分线与x 轴、y 轴分别交于F 、G .(1)求抛物线的函数解析式,并写出顶点D 的坐标;(2)在直线EF 上求一点H ,使△CDH 的周长最小,并求出最小周长;(3)若点K 在x 轴上方的抛物线上运动,当K 运动到什么位置时,△EFK 的面积最大?并求出最大面积.26.(1)【问题背景】如图①,ABD △,AEC △都是等边三角形,ACD V 可以由AEB △通过旋转变换得到,请写出旋转中心、旋转角(写锐角)的大小、旋转方向;(2)【尝试应用】如图②,在Rt ABC △中,90ACB ∠=︒,分别以AC ,AB 为边,作等边ACDV 和等边ABE V ,连接ED ,并延长交BC 于点F ,连接BD .若BD BC ⊥,求:DF DE 的值; (3)【拓展创新】如图③,在四边形ABCD 中,4345AD CD ABC ACB ADC ==∠=∠=∠=︒,,,求BD 的长.。

2024届湖北省高考冲刺模拟试卷物理试题(四) (2)

2024届湖北省高考冲刺模拟试卷物理试题(四) (2)

2024届湖北省高考冲刺模拟试卷物理试题(四)一、单选题 (共6题)第(1)题如图所示,半径为R的球面下方有一圆周ABC,该圆周与球面直径PM垂直,在该圆周上等分的三点位置分别固定电荷量为+q的三个点电荷A、B、C,且点电荷A与球心O的连线与球直径PM的夹角,在球面的最高点处固定另一电荷量同为+q的点电荷P,已知静电力常量为k,则下列说法正确的是( )A.点电荷P受到的库仑力大小为B.O点的场强竖直向下C.从P到O,电势一直降低D.沿着直径由O到M电势先降低再升高第(2)题电子显微镜通过“静电透镜”实现对电子会聚或发散使微小物体成像。

一种电子透镜的电场分布如图所示(截取其中一部分),虚线为等势面,相邻两等势面间的电势差相等,电子枪发射的电子仅在电场力作用下的运动轨迹如图中实线所示,是轨迹上的三点,若c点处电势为3 V,电子从a点运动到b点电势能变化了5 eV,则下列说法正确的是( )A.a点电势为7.5 VB.电子在b点的动能不可能为2.5 eVC.电子在b点加速度比在c点加速度大D.电子在电场中运动的最小速度一定为零第(3)题如图所示,某同学将质量相同的三个物体从水平地面上的A点以同一速率沿不同方向抛出,运动轨迹分别为图上的1、2、3。

若忽略空气阻力,在三个物体从抛出到落地过程中,下列说法正确的是()A.轨迹为1的物体重力的冲量最大B.轨迹为3的物体在最高点的速度最小C.轨迹为2的物体在最高点的动能最大D.三个物体单位时间内速度变化量不同第(4)题如图所示是乘客通过“刷身份证”进高铁站时的情景,将身份证靠近检验口,机器感应电路中就会产生电流,从而识别乘客身份,下列物理教材上小实验能说明这一原理的是( )A.B.C.D.第(5)题如图所示,用长度为l 的轻杆拴着质量为m 的小球(可视为质点),在竖直平面内做完整的圆周运动,圆周上A 点与圆心O 等高,CD 为圆的竖直直径,B 是圆周上A 、C 之间的某点.重力加速度大小为g ,不考虑空气阻力和一切摩擦.则小球做圆周运动的过程中()A .在圆周最高点时所受的向心力大小一定等于mg 且处于完全失重状态B .经过A 点时,杆对小球的弹力方向一定竖直向上C .经过B 点时,杆对小球的弹力方向一定由B 指向OD .经过最低点D 时,小球对杆的弹力方向一定竖直向下,大小至少为5mg第(6)题一长方体玻璃砖下部有半径为R 的半圆柱镂空,其截面如图所示,AD 长为2R ,玻璃砖下方0.3R 处平行放置一光屏EF ,现有一束平行单色光竖直向下从BC面射入玻璃砖,玻璃砖对该光的折射率为,不考虑光的二次反射,则( )A .光屏EF 上移,屏上有光打到的区域将变宽B.上图圆弧截面有光射出的弧长为C .为保证从AD射出的光都能被接收,光屏至少宽D .若光屏足够大,改用频率更大的平行光入射,光屏上被照射的宽度变大二、多选题 (共4题)第(1)题如图所示,电阻不计的两平行光滑金属导轨固定在竖直平面内,导轨上、下两端分别连接阻值为R 1=0.6Ω、R 2=1.2Ω的定值电阻,两导轨之间的距离为L =1m 。

2024年辽宁省中考英语模拟试卷(四)(含答案)

2024年辽宁省中考英语模拟试卷(四)(含答案)

2024年辽宁省中考英语模拟试卷(四)一、阅读理解(满分32分)阅读下面语言材料,从每题所给的 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 四个选项中 选出最佳选项。

1.(8分)Inventions are very important and they can easily change our life.The followings are some great inventions. The television was invented in 1925.As time passed ,more and more people were able to buy the television.It is a popular invention ,but it is also bad for your eyes.People spend almost 4~8 hours in front of a TV while they spend less than 2 hours staying with their family.The plane was invented in 1903.It is a very popular way of going out either for travelling or business.Over 3,000,000 people take a plane every day.It is very convenient for us.And it makes our trip faster and more comfortable.But the biggest problem led by the planes is the air pollution.Credit cards were started in 1915.They allow people to buy things first and pay for them later.What's more ,you don't have to carry lots of money around.You can know what you have bought by credit cards.However ,you may not know how much money you have spent until you get your bill.This might put many young people and families into an economic crisis (经济危机).The pacemaker (心脏起搏器) began to be used in 1932.It saves many people's lives.It was an invention that was designed to give the heart small"shocks"and make it work again.The only disadvantage (缺点) for most people is that it costs a lot of money.Getting one can cost from 16,500 yuan to 35,000 yuan. (1)Which invention has the longest history ? A.The television. B.The plane. C.Credit cards. D.The pacemaker.(2)What can we know about the four inventions from the text ? A.People spend more time with their family than watching TV . B.The invention of the plane does no harm to the environment. C.People can know what they have bought by credit cards. D.The pacemaker is not very expensive for people.(3)What does the underlined word "it" probably refer to ? A.The pacemaker. B.The invention.C.The shock.D.The heart.(4)What do these four inventions have in common?A.They are all popular inventions.B.They have advantages and disadvantages.C.They are very expensive to use.D.They have an influence on people's health.2.(8分) A river was running happily in the hill,the valley(山谷)and the field.Soon it was stopped by a huge rock and the river was a little afraid and worried about what it could do.The rock said,"Hi,baby!Where are you going?"The river answered,"I'm going to the sea.My mother is waiting for me."The rock,made fun of the river and said,"You're too young.Go back to the hill at once.You can't,get there,Don't come back here again!"The river was surprised to hear that,and said,"I can only go forward.There's no river that goes backward!"The rock became angry and warned the river,"Don't speak!If you don't go back,you will have to change your direction..Don't want to.run over my.body!"The river asked helplessly,"Where should I go?""You can go anywhere you like.Just don't come close to me!"While they were talking,more and more water came here.Then it began to get out of control.The river ran quickly over the rock and the rock was washed pitifully.The river said proudly,"A weak person will change his goal and direction.A person who is strong will only go ahead and nothing can stop him!"(1)The rock wanted the river to .A.make fun of hime close to himC.get out of controlD.go back to the hill(2)The river ran over the rock .A.slowlyB.softlyC.quicklyD.carelessly(3)After meeting the rock,the river became at last instead of being afraid.A.proudB.helplessC.pitifulD.worried(4)The text tells us that we should when facing difficulties.A.avoid solving the problemB.become strong and go aheadC.change our dream directlyD.be used to giving up silently3.(8分)Chinese painting is one of the oldest art forms in the world.Painting in the traditional style is known today in Chinese as Guohua.Traditional Chinese painting is done with a brush dipped(浸)in black or coloured ink(墨水).Paper and silk are also needed for painting.The finished work can be put on scrolls(轴).Traditional Chinese painting includes landscape (山水)painting,figures(人物),birds and ndscape painting is regarded as the highest form of Chinese painting.Chinese folk music is an important part of Chinese culture.It has a long history.One of the Confucianist Classics (儒家经典),Shi Jing,contains many folk songs.They are much loved by people up to nowTraditional Chinese musical instruments are symbols of Chinese culture,such as guqin,guzheng,pi pa,erhu,xiao and chime(编钟).Sheng and suona are also popular in northern villages in China.Xi'an drum music is large traditional drum music.It is a valuable part of Chinese ancient music and is regarded as "the living fossil of Chinese ancient music" in the world.(1)People usually use for doing traditional Chinese painting.①brushes②ink③colour pencils④paper⑤silkA.①②③④B.①②③⑤C.①②④⑤D.②③④⑤(2)The highest form of Chinese painting is .ndscape paintingB.figuresC.birds and flowersD.trees(3)What is called"the living fossil of Chinese ancient music" in the world?A.Folk music.B.Country music.C.Ancient music.D.Xi'an drum music.(4)What is the text about?A.Chinese music.B.Chinese painting.C.Chinese culture.D.Chinese history.4.(8分)Once upon a time,the colors in the world started to argue.All thought they were the most important anduseful Green said,"I'm the symbol of life and hope.I was chosen for grass,trees and leaves.Look around and you will see me everywhere.'Blue followed,"You only consider the earth,but look at the sky and the sea."Yellow smiled,"I bring hope and warmth into the world.Look at the colour of the sun and the moon."Orange continued,"I'm the colour of joy.My beauty is so fantastic that no one can think of any of you at sunrise or sunset.'Red shouted out,"I'm the ruler of you.I'm the colour of life and love.So nobody can take my place. 'Purple stood up,"I'm the colour of power.People never question me!They just listen and follow."Finally,indigo(靛蓝色)spoke slowly,"I stand for thought and reflection(反省).Yet all of you just need them. 'Suddenly,the sky became dark and rain started to pour down.The colours all gathered(聚集)in fear.Rain began to speak,"Join hands and come to me. 'The colours did as they were told.Rain added,"Don't you know you each are made for a certain purpose?When it rains,you appear together to show that you can all live in peace.The rainbow(彩虹)is the colour of your friendship."(1)What colour gives the world hope and warmth?A.Red.B.Blue.C.Yellow.D.Purple.(2)Each colour is made for a purpose.A.similarB.certainC.funnyD.personal(3)What can we know from the text?A.Orange stands for power and life.B.All the colours were happy to greet rain.C.Blue is the colour of the sky and the sea.D."The sky became dark and began to snow.(4)What can be the best title for the text?A.The colour of friendshipB.The performance of colours"C.The colours in the worldD."The courage of the rainbow二、阅读短文,从方框内所给的选项中选出可以填人空白处的最佳选项,其中有一个多余的选项,5.(8分)What should I eat for breakfast?Who should I go out with on weekends?What should I do if I miss the bus to school?What colleges should I apply for?Chinese kids ask their teachers and parents these questions again and again.(1)Kids in America would be very surprised to hear how much Chinese children depend on adults.(2)By twelve they know what classes to take for middle school.Thirteen years old is the beginning of being what Americans call a"teenager".Now the child makes almost all his/her decisions—what to do after school;who are his/her friends,Finally at sixteen the kid usually gets a car from his/her parents.Now he/she can come and go when he/she likes.The only rule is when they come home at night.Why should kids be independent?Think about it.(3)Will our parents be able to tell us what to eat for breakfast in college?Can our teachers decide what we should do at work?(4)But we can start with making small choices,and then slowly make bigger and more important choices.Before we know it we will become independent and confident,and we will be able to make our own decisions!And we will have more fun!A.They can't make their own choices.B.Those adults are annoyed about their questionsC.Making our own choices can be quite hard and scary.D.After high school most of us will do everything by ourselves.E.When they are ten years old,kids decide what clothes they want to wear and buy.三、完形填空(满分10分)阅读短文,理解其大意,从 A 、 B 、C 、 D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

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2.用 1molCH3CH2CH3和 2molCl2进行自由基氯化反应时,生成氯化混合物,小心分馏得到四 种二氯丙烷A、B、C、D。从这四种异构体的核磁共振谱的数据,推定A、B、C、D的结构, 并指认出相应的H。
化合物 A:(bp69℃)δ 值 2.4(6H)单峰 化合物 B:(bp88℃)δ 值 1.2(3H)三重峰,1.9(2H)多重峰,5.8(1H)三重峰 化合物 C:(bp96℃)δ 值 1.4(3H)二重峰,3.8(2H)二重峰,4.3(1H)多重峰 化合物 D:(bp120℃)δ 值 2.2(2H)五重峰,3.7(4H)三重峰
COCH3 Cl
OCH3
Cl
CH3
9.排列下列碳正离子稳定性顺序。
a.
+ PhCH2
+
b. Ph2CH
+
c.CH3
+
d.NO2CH2
10. 指出下列化合物进行亲核反应的活性顺序,并简要说明原因。
a.环已酮
b.环丁酮
c.环丙酮
11. 比较下列化合物的酸性强弱:
a. OH
OH b.
c. OH
OH
d.
NO2
二、回答下列问题
9. C6H5 C
Br C
H
Cl
10. CH3CH CH2 O
1. 卤代烷与NaOH在水与醇的混合物中进行反应,指出哪些属于SN2,哪些属于SN1。 a.产物构型完全转化。 b.有重排产物。 c.亲核试剂的亲核性越强,反应速度越快。 d.反应相对速度:3°RX > 2°RX > 1°RX
模拟试卷四
一、系统命名法命名或写结构:
1、CH3CH=CHCHC≡CCH3 CH3
2. H2N
SO3H
3、
4、
CH2CH2OH
5、CH3CH C(CH 3)C2H5
6、(E)-2-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇
7、H2C CH2
H2C
8. CH3(CH2)3CH(CH2)3CH3 C(CH3)2 CH2CH(CH3)2
2.不查手册,将下列化合物按沸点从高到低的顺序排列起来。 a. 2-戊醇 b. 1-戊醇 c. 2-甲基-2-丁醇 d. 正已醇
3.用 R/S 标出下列化合物的构型 4.提纯含有少量苯酚的苯甲醛。
CH3
Br
H
H Cl
CH3
5.鉴别下列各组化合物:

CH2CH2OH
OH
②2-甲基丁烷、3-甲基-1-丁炔、3-甲基-1-丁烯
③环丙烷和丙烯
6.试写出下列反应的反应历程:
CH3 CH3-C-CH2OH
HBr
CH3
CH3
CH3
CH3-C-CH2CH3 + CH3-C-CH2Br
Br
3
(主要产物) (次要产物)
7. 写出反-1-乙基-3-叔丁基环已烷的稳定构象式。
8. 用箭头表示下列化合物进行一元卤代的主要产物:
NHCOCH3 OCH3
?
1.
+ CH2=CHCH3
H2O / H+
80~90℃
?
+?
CH(CH3)2
O2
?
110~120℃
0.4MPa
C6H5
H3C
H
2.
Br
H
C6H5
KOH /醇
HO
3.
CHO
[Ag(NH3)2] + OH-
O
4.
+
O
5、CH3CH CH2 + HBr

6、
HBr CH3

7、 CH3CH C(CH3)2
OH e.
CH3
NO2
NO2
Br
CH3 12.下列与 C2H5 OH 等同的分子构型是( )
H
CH3 A. HO C2H5
H
B. C2H5
H OH
CH3
OH C. H CH3
C2H5
13.. CH3CHCOCH3 在通常情况下核磁共振氢谱图中将出现几组吸收峰( ) OH
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6 三、完成下列反应
1)B2H6 2)H2O2,碱

. 8
稀、冷 KMnO4
OH-
9、 ?
HIO4
CH3COOH + CH3CH2CHO
O
10.
CCH3
Cl2 , H2O
OH-
?
+?
四、合成题
1.
CH2Cl
CH2CH=CH2
(5分)
2. CH2=CH2
OH CH3CHCH2CH2CH2CH3
(5分)
3.由乙炔合成 2-己酮
Cl
4.
COOH (5分)
五、推结构 1.化合物A的分子式为C6H10,加氢后可生成甲基环戊烷,A经臭氧化分解仅生成一种产物B, 测得B有光学活性,试求出A的结构?
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