CMMI-L3-项目经理访谈问题及答案

1. Would you please describe the inputs you consider to support your Project Planning estimation?请你描述一下支持项目计划估算的输入有哪些。

Listen Fors:Project requirements including:- Product requirements- Requirements imposed by the organization- Requirements imposed by the customer- Other requirements that impact the projectScope of the projectIdentified tasks and work productsTechnical approachSize and complexity of the work products and tasksSelected product life-cycle modelModels or historical data for converting the attributes into labor hours and costsMethodology used to determine needed materials, skills, labor hours and cost项目要求包括：-产品要求-组织需求-要求的客户-影响项目的其它需求•项目范围•确定的任务和工作产品•技术方法•规模和复杂性的工作产品和任务•选定的产品生命周期模型•模型或历史数据属性转换成工时和成本•方法来确定所需的材料，技能，劳动时间和成本2. Would you please describe the contents of your Work Breakdown Structure that you develop to identify and organize (“work packages”)请你描述一下WBS分解的内容（工作包）。

Typical Contents of a WBS• Scope of the work based on the requirements- technical goals and objectives- identification of customers and end users- imposed standards- cost and schedule constraints and goals- dependencies between the project and other organizations- resource constraints- other constraints for development or maintenance•Identified risks•Breakdown of activities:- Development activities- Activities to acquire required skills and knowledge- Activities for integration and life-cycle management of non-developmental items- Supporting activities and associated plans•Configuration Management, Quality Assurance, Testing•Supplier Management, Project Management•Work products:- Deliverables- Non-deliverable work products- Work products that will be externally acquired- Work products that will be reused- Non-developmental work products that will be integrated- Work products that will be placed under configuration management control Required knowledge and skills典型的内容，工作分解结构•工作范围要求的基础上，技术的目的和目标识别客户和最终用户征收标准成本和进度的限制和目标之间的依赖项目和其他组织资源的限制-限制发展或维持•确定风险•击穿的活动：发展活动，活动获得所需的技能和知识活动的整合和生命周期管理的非项目支持活动和相关计划•配置管理，质量保证，测试•供应商管理，项目管理•工作产品：-交付-无本金交割工作产品，将工作产品从外部获得-将会重用的工作产品-非工作产品将被整合工作产品，纳入配置管理控制所需的知识和技能3. Would you please describe how you estimate size and complexity of your products and product components?请你描述一下如何估算规模、产品复杂性以及产品组件。

Listen Fors:Software Engineering –Size and complexityExamples:- Function Points- Lines of code- Number of classes and objects- Number of pages of documentation- Number of requirementsSystems Engineering - Size and complexityExamples:- Number of functions- Number of inputs and outputs- Data volume- Number and frequency of user interactions- Number of interfacesHardware Engineering –Size and ComplexityExamples- Number of logic gates for integrated circuit design- Number of parts (e.g., printed circuit boards, components, mechanical parts- Physical constraints (e.g., weight and volume)Other Considerations:- Labor, machinery, materials, methodsMethods for determining size and complexity should be based on validated models or historical data软件工程–规模和复杂性•例子：功能点-行代码-类和对象数-多页文件数量要求•系统工程的规模和复杂性•例子：-多功能-输入和输出数数据量数量和频率的用户交互数字接口•硬件工程–规模和复杂性•例子数字逻辑集成电路设计的大门-零件数量（例如，印刷电路板，元器件，机械零部件-物理因素（例如，重量和体积）•其他考虑：劳动，机器，材料，方法•方法确定的规模和复杂性，应根据验证的模型或历史数据4. Would you please describe the project/product lifecycle followed on your project? 请你描述一下你的项目/产品生命周期。

Listen Fors:Software Engineering - Examples- Waterfall- Overlapping Waterfall- Spiral- V-Model- Incremental- EvolutionarySystems Engineering – Example SE LC Phases- Concept exploration- Development- Production- Operations- DisposalDo you use subphase descriptions?- Requirements Analysis- Design- Fabrication- Integration- VerificationDo you utilize intermediate phases for activities such as:- Creation of prototypes- Increments of capability- Spiral model cycles or Rapid Application Development cycles - Simulation- Emulation- Comparison软件工程实例瀑布重叠瀑布-螺旋- V模型增量-进化•系统工程–例硒液晶相-概念的探索-发展-生产-业务-处理•你使用亚描述？-需求分析设计-制造-集成-核查•你利用中间阶段活动等：-建立原型-增加能力螺旋模型周期或快速应用程序开发周期模拟-仿真-比较5. Would you please describe how the estimates of effort and cost are determined on your project?请你描述一下如何进行项目的工作量估算和成本估算。

Listen Fors:Is it based on the estimated size and complexity?Based on historical data from previously executed projects and/or Models for converting the attributes into labor hours and costs?Uses appropriate “scaling” data to account for differing sizes and complexity? Has the estimation rationale been documented?Has the necessary supporting infrastructure needs been included when estimating cost and schedule?- Critical computer resources- Memory, disk, and network capacity- Communication’s channel capacity- Software Test computers and peripherals- Product integration environments- VER and VAL test environmentsDo inputs for effort and cost estimation include items such as :- Risks- Critical competencies and roles needed to perform the work- Product and product component requirements- Work breakdown structure- Costs of externally acquired work products- Knowledge and skills training, mentoring, and coaching needs- Selected life-cycle- Capability of tools in the engineering environment- Engineering facilities needed- Travel required- Level of security required- Capability of manufacturing processes它是根据估计的规模和复杂性？•根据历史数据从先前执行的项目和/或模型属性转换成工时和成本？•使用适当的“尺度”的数据考虑到不同规模和复杂性？•已估计理由记录在案？•拥有必要的配套基础设施的需求包括在估算成本和进度？关键计算机资源内存，硬盘，网络容量通信的信道容量软件测试计算机及外围设备产品集成环境-查看和测试环境•做投入精力和成本估算的项目包括如：-风险-关键的能力和作用，需要执行的工作产品和产品组件需求工作分解结构成本外部需要的工作产品知识和技能培训，辅导，辅导需要-选定的生命周期性能工具在工程环境-所需工程设施旅行需要-安全等级要求制造过程能力6. Would you please describe how the project’s budget and schedule are established and maintained? 请你描述一下如何建立并维护项目预算和项目进度。