句子成分与结构

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句子成分和结构

句子成分和结构

17. What he said made me unhappy. 补语
18. Soon they all became interested in 表语 the subject.
19. They didn’t know who the old man really was.
宾语
20. I’m waiting for the sound of the other shoe.
不带to的不定式:
5看3让2听1感觉 see/watch/look at/notice/observe let/make/have listen to/hear feel
可带亦可不带 to: help
定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短
语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通 常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰 some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如: something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作 定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用 作定语时须放在名词之后。 1.Jintan is a beautiful city. 形容词
4.John was late because of the heavy snow. 原因
结果 5.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
让步 6. Although he is young, he knows a lot.
7. In order to enter a good university, I must work hard. 目的
people about saving water.
不定式
7. My hope is that all of you are able to

句子成分和结构

句子成分和结构

第二讲句子成分和句子结构一:句子成分句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。

一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。

句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。

句子成分是句子中起一定功能的组成部分。

1、主语:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。

如:Students study. (学生学习。

)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词students是个名词,we是代词,它们在句中做主语。

充当主语的形式:1)名词2)代词3)数词4)动词-ing形式5)不定式6)名词短语7)名词从句等。

2、谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。

如:Students study. (学生学习。

)We are friends. (我们是朋友)这两句话中单词study和are都是动词,study叫做实意动词,are叫做be动词,它们在句中作谓语。

谓语形式:动词(英语句子的灵魂)。

3、宾语:用来表示行为的对象或内容,常由名词或者代词担任。

放在及物动词或者介词之后。

如:I play with him. (我和他一起玩。

)I hate mouse. (我讨厌老鼠。

)这两句话中单词mouse是名词,单词him是代词,它们在句中作宾语。

充当宾语形式:1)名词2)代词3)名词短语4)-ing形式5)数词6)不定式7)名词从句等。

4、定语:用来修饰名词的成分,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。

形容词放在名词之前,相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。

如:This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳。

)He is a tall boy.(他是个高个子男孩。

)The girl behind me is my sister. (我后面的那个女孩是我的姐姐。

)前两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词,它们作定语。

句子成分和句子结构

句子成分和句子结构

句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。

英语句子成分有主语.谓语.表语.宾语.宾语补足语.定语.状语等。

顺序一般是主语,谓语.宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词.代词.数词.不定式等充当。

He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。

2、谓语谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。

一般可分为两类:1)简单谓语: 由动词(或短语动词)构成。

可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

We study for the people.我们为人民学习。

My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。

2)复合谓语:情态动词+动词I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。

3、宾语宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。

We like English.我们喜欢英语。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

He gave me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。

如:We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。

4、表语表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的,表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当,它常位于连系动词(be, become, appear, seem 等)之后。

Africa is a big continent.非洲是个大洲。

I feel much better today.我今天感觉好多了。

5、定语在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。

形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。

句子成分和句子结构

句子成分和句子结构

句子成分和句子结构----认识英语句子的构成一、句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语、补足语、呼语和插入语等。

构成句子的主要部分是主语和谓语。

表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。

其他成分如定语、状语、同位语是句子的次要成分。

1.主语主语是谓语动作或状态的执行者,指的是“谁”或“什么事”。

常用作主语的词类有:名词(短语)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词,不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)和从句。

George is a born leader. (名词)Nobody knew what had happened. (代词)Two of us will attend the conference tomorrow. (数词)The young are always willing to accept new things. (名词化的形容词)To go the bed early and to get up early is a good habit. (不定式短语)Losing his new MP4 made Tom very sad. (动名词短语)What we can’t get seems better than what we have. (名词性从句)2.谓语谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态,说的是“做什么”或“怎么样”,谓语动词有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。

Father cooks very well.My sister has worked in the company for five years.Our school is becoming more beautiful.The World Expo is well organized.3.宾语宾语是动作的承受者,指的是“做”的内容。

英语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语、同源宾语等。

句子成分和句型结构

句子成分和句型结构

句子成分和句型结构句子成分指的是句子中的各个成分,如主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。

句型结构指的是句子的基本结构,如简单句、并列句、复合句等。

以下是一些常见的句子成分和句型结构:句子成分:1. 主语:句子中的主要施事者或动作承受者,简称主。

如:The cat caught a mouse.(该句中的主语是"The cat")2. 谓语:句子中的核心动词或表示状态的词或短语,简称谓。

如:She is sleeping.(该句中的谓语是"is sleeping")3. 宾语:句子中的动作的对象或谓语的补充成分,简称宾。

如:He bought a book.(该句中的宾语是"a book")4. 定语:句子中修饰名词或代词的成分,简称定。

如:The tall boy is my brother.(该句中的定语是"tall")5. 状语:句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分,简称状。

如:He walked slowly.(该句中的状语是"slowly")句型结构:1. 简单句:只包含一个主语和谓语的句子,例如:She sings.(该句为简单句)2. 并列句:由两个或多个并列的简单句组成,用连接词(如"and"、"but"、"or"等)连接起来,例如:I like apples, but my sisterlikes oranges.(该句为并列句)3. 复合句:由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成,从句可以是名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句,例如:I don't know where he is.(该句为复合句,主句为"I don't know"4. 疑问句:用于询问的句子,用疑问词(如"what"、"where"、"why"等)引导,例如:What is your name?(该句为疑问句)这些只是句子成分和句型结构的基本介绍,实际上还有更复杂的句型和各种不同的句子成分组合方式。

句子成分、结构及种类

句子成分、结构及种类

句子成分、结构和种类一、句子成分1、主语:主要由名词、代词、名词化的形容不定式、动名词、短语、从句来充当2、谓语:表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般由动词担当,位于主语的后面,表达句子的时态、语态、语气等。

谓语动词有人称和数的变化。

(1〕简单谓语 : 凡事由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语都是简单谓语(2〕复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形、连系动词加表语构成的谓语我会说英语。

【“情态动词 +动词原形〞作复合谓语】_____________________________________________我不知道她的地址。

【“助动词 +动词原形〞作复合谓语】_____________________________________________陈老师是我的数学老师。

【“连系动词 +表语〞作复合谓语】_____________________________________________3、表语:说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。

名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语等都可以作表语。

琳达毕业后像她妈妈一样当了医生。

【名词作表语】_____________________________________________那个数码相机是我的。

【代词作表语】_____________________________________________运动会之后我感到很累。

【形容词作表语】_____________________________________________4、宾语:表示动作、行为的对象,可用在及物动词和介词之后。

可以作宾语主要成分有名词〔短语〕、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等。

直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果,一般指物。

间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,一般指人。

间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前,也可位于其后,位于其后时,要在间接宾语前加介词to 或 for 。

我们支持你的方案【名词作宾语】_____________________________________________他邀请了我去俱乐部。

句子的成分和结构

句子的成分和结构

句子的基本结构一、句子的基本成分句子的基本成分有以下几种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。

1、主语:句子的主体,全句述说的对象。

一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当,位于句首。

The boy needs a pen.Smoking is bad for you.2、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。

由动词或系动词加表语担任,常置于主语后。

The train leaves at 6 o’clock.She is reading.3、宾语:表示动作的对象。

一般由名词或代词担当,常置于谓语后。

He won the game.He likes playing computer.4、表语:用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。

一般由名词或形容词担任,置于系动词之后。

He is a student.We are tired.注意:除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste,sound, look, appear, seem 等。

2)表转变变化的动词: become, get,grow, turn, go等。

3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold,stay, rest等。

5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。

The black bike is mine.(形容词)The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语)I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式)注意:1、当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。

例如:I tell him something interesting.2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。

例如:The boys who are in the room areplaying games.6、状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。

句子成分和结构

句子成分和结构

句子成分和结构
1. 嘿,句子成分就像搭积木,主谓宾定状补各有各的位置呢,就好比我做蛋糕,鸡蛋面粉糖都得分开放好呀。

2. 句子结构就像盖房子,得有稳固的框架,不然会摇摇欲坠,这和我搭乐高积木一个道理,结构不好就容易散架。

3. 主啊谓啊的,就像我每天吃饭睡觉一样自然平常,是句子的基本组成部分呢。

4. 定语就像给句子化个妆,让它更好看些,就如同我出门前精心挑选衣服打扮一样。

5. 状语就像是给句子加上一些具体的情境,跟我讲故事时描述周围环境差不多。

6. 补语呢,好像是给句子打个补丁,让它更完善,就像我裤子破了要补一块一样。

7. 分析句子成分和结构有时候挺头疼的,就像我解一道很难的数学题一样。

8. 不过呢,搞懂了句子成分和结构,就像我掌握了一项厉害的技能,应用起来就得心应手咯,比如我做手工时熟练地使用各种工具。

句子成分及句子结构

句子成分及句子结构

1. 句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的。 句子是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成的。
2. 句子成分的表示法: 句子成分的表示法: S:Subject(主语) P:Predictive(表语) Subject(主语) Predictive(表语) V:Verb(动词) Verb(动词 动词) O:Object(宾语) Object(宾语)
3. 表语(Predictive):说明主语“是什么”或者 表语(Predictive):说明主语“是什么” ):说明主语 怎么样” 位于系动词之后。 “怎么样”,位于系动词之后。 You look younger than before.(形容词) before.(形容词 形容词) I am a teacher. (名词) teacher. (名词 名词) Everybody is here. (副词) here. (副词 副词) They are at home now. (介词短语) (介词短语 介词短语) My job is to teach them English. (不定式) English. (不定式 不定式)
4. 宾语(Object):是动作、行为的对象,和及 宾语(Object):是动作、行为的对象, ):是动作 物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。 物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。 She is playing the piano now.(名词) now.(名词 名词) He often helps me.(代词) me.(代词 代词) He likes to sleep in the open air.(不定式) air.(不定式 不定式) We enjoying living in China.(动名词) China.(动名词 动名词) He knew (that) he should study hard.(宾语从句) hard.(宾语从句 宾语从句)

英语句子成分及结构

英语句子成分及结构
What is your name? 表语(代词作定语)
They made paper flowers. 宾语(名词作定语)
The boys in the room are in Class Three Grade One. (介词短语作定语)
I have something to do. (不定式作定语)
这类动词叫做及物动词。
如:1. Who │knows │the answer? 2. He │admits │that he was mistaken
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语, 这两个宾语通常一个指人 (间接宾语); 一个指物 (直接宾语)。 eg:give / pass / bring / show Give me a cup of tea please./ Pass our English teacher the book./ Bring it to me, please. / Show this house to Mr. Smith. 1.She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. A:动词后加to give 给 show给……看 send寄,打电报 bring带…… read读…… pass递给…… lend借给…… leave留给…… hand交给…… tell告诉…… return把……还给… write给……写信 throw扔…… promise答应…… refuse 拒绝 B:动词后加for make生产,制造…… buy买 do做 get得到 play演奏 order命令 sing唱歌
2 谓语
说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语必须用动词,放在主语后面, 且主谓一致。

句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构

句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构

句子成分及用法,五大基本句型结构一、句子成分。

(一)主语。

1. 定义与作用。

- 主语是句子陈述的对象,表示句子所说的是“谁”或者“什么”。

它是句子的核心成分之一,决定了句子描述的主体。

例如在句子“Tom likes reading.”中,“Tom”就是主语,这个句子主要是在描述Tom的喜好。

2. 构成。

- 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词或从句等充当。

- 名词作主语很常见,如“Dogs are friendly animals.”中的“Dogs”。

- 代词作主语,例如“He is my friend.”中的“He”。

- 数词作主语,像“Three is a lucky number in some cultures.”中的“Three”。

- 动名词作主语,如“Running is good for health.”中的“Running”。

- 不定式作主语,“To learn English well takes time.”中的“To learn English well”。

- 名词化的形容词作主语,“The rich should help the poor.”中的“The rich”。

- 从句作主语,“What he said is very important.”中的“What he said”。

(二)谓语。

1. 定义与作用。

- 谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”“是什么”或者“怎么样”。

在句子中,谓语动词的形式要与主语的人称和数保持一致。

例如在“Mary sings beautifully.”中,“sings”就是谓语,它描述了Mary的动作。

2. 构成。

- 谓语一般由动词充当,包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词等。

- 实义动词可以独立作谓语,表示具体的动作,如“eat”“drink”“run”等。

例如“He eats an apple.”中的“eats”。

九大句子成分五大句子结构

九大句子成分五大句子结构
important is known to everyone. The question who will teach us English next term
will be answered tomorrow.
9. 呼语:称呼用语。
如:Sir、Madam、Your Majesty、Your Highness
3. There be结构的句子扩充:
There be +(定语) +主语+(定语)+(地状) +(时状).
There is a book on the desk. There is an English book on the desk. There is an English book on Chinese history, which was written by a famous British historian, on the desk that stands near the window. 积木式造句法是英语学习中最简洁明了的造 句方法,同学们一定要多加练习、熟练掌握。
We will make him monitor. The good news made us happy. Please let me in. My mother gets me to read English every morning. He kept me waiting for two hours. The news that our team had won the match made
Thanks! Live with passion! Enjoy your study.
grandpa. The pen which I lost yesterday was given to me as

句子成分及种类

句子成分及种类

句子成分&句子结构一、句子成分句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语等;主语和谓语是句子的必需部分;宾语、表语和补足语是句子的必要部分;其他成分如状语和定语,是句子的辅助部分;有些句子还带有感叹语、插入语,它们在句法上与句子其他成分不存在关系,称为独立成分;1.主语: 主语是句中动作、行为、性质或状态的主体,是一个句子谈论的主题;主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来充当;Some people can’t use the computer. 名词作主语He teaches us English. 代词作主语Three and five is eight. 数词作主语To read in bed is bad for your eyes. 不定式作主语Eating more vegetables is good for us. 动名词短语作主语That you forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused me lots of trouble. 从句作主语广东Do you need more time to complete the taskYes, another ten days _____ enough.A, is B, are C, was D, were2.谓语: 谓语用来说明主语的行动、动作或所处的状态;谓语由动词或短语动词充当,一般放在主语之后;谓语可分为简单谓语和合成谓语;The boy speaks Japanese. 简单谓语Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 简单谓语I can play the baseball. 合成谓语Our city becomes more beautiful. 合成谓语3.宾语: 宾语表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式或起名词作用的其他成分充当;I bought a book. 单宾语,名词The news surprised us. 单宾语,代词He told me the news about it. 双宾语,代词/名词A friend lent some money to me. 双宾语, 名词/代词We consider him an honest boy. 复合宾语Mr. Wang always makes his classes interesting. 复合宾语4.表语:表语用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等,与前面的连系动词一起构成系表结构作复合谓语;My pen friend is an American boy. 名词This book isn’t mine. 代词He was the first to come to school yesterday. 数词The man looks strong. 形容词My father is out. 副词His job is to clean the school. 动词不定式短语The dictionary is in the bag. 介词短语Wasting time is killing yourself. 动名词短语The trouble is that she has lost his phone number. 从句5.定语:定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分,分为前置定语和后置定语两种; (1)前置定语:常用来充当前置定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格,动词-ing 形式等;We had a good time in the park. adj.His father is doctor. pron.She cut the meat into two pieces. numeralThis is a stone table. n.Let’s put the child in the sleeping bag. v-ing(2)后置定语: 常用来充当后置定语的有形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语和从句等;I have got something interesting to tell every one of you. Adj.The trees around were cut last week. Adv.Would do you like something to drink InfinitiveThe book on the bed is mine. Prepositional phraseThe model plane flying in the sky is made by Bill. Present participleThe woman who stands at the gate is my mother. Subordinate clause6.状语:状语常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子;它可以表示时间、地点、程度、原因、目的、结果等;状语常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语、从句等担当;They are walking in the park.He was looking everywhere for Jane.She was deeply moved by the story I told her.I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.He spoke so fast that I couldn’t hear clearly what he said.7.补足语: 补足语是用来说明主语或宾语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分;含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时,宾语补足语成了主语补足语;可以作为补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等;You must keep your bedroom clean.He was once again found wandering along the street.现在分词作主语补足语His parents made him stay at home. 动词不定式作宾语补足语→He was made to stay at home by his parents. 动词不定式作主语补足语8.同位语: 对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与其在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分即同位语;同位语常置于被说明的词之后;同位语由名词、代词、数词、从句等充当;This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.We each have a cellphone now.You may leave it to us two.We are excited about the news that we win the match.9.独立成分: 在句子中插入一个词或短语,这个词或短语并不和其他成分发生语法关系,此时这个词或短语就是一种独立成分;独立成分包括称呼语、感叹语、插入语等;Hurry up, friends, or we’ll be late. 称呼语作独立成分Aha I’ve got you right here. 感叹语作独立成分By the way, what do you usually do at weekend 插入语作独立成分二、句子结构英语句子按照结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句;1.简单句:只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语的句子叫简单句;判断下列句子属于哪种简单句的基本句型:We walked and laughed.The children are playing.Children often sing this song.I don’t know what to do.My bike is new.He became a famous scientist.Mr. Wu teaches us English.My father bought me a new camera.We can hear someone playing the violin next door.We can keep it warm.拓展:There +be +主语+ 状语英语中有一个独特的句型叫there be 结构,该结构表示“某地/某时存在某人/某物”;There 无意义,be是谓语动词,它后面的名词是主语,两者在数上必须保持一致;句子最后为地点状语或时间状语;There is a car in front of the house.There are many books in his school bag.2.并列句: 并列句是由并列连词and, but, or, so等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子;并列连词的基本句子结构为:简单句+并列连词+ 简单句;(1)表示并列的并列连词I help her and she helps me.Both Wendy and Kate are from American.(2)表示选择的并列连词The girls can go with us, or they can stay at home.Either he or she is going to help us.(3)表示因果的并列连词The days are short, for it is now December.The boy did his homework carefully, so he never made any mistakes(4)表示转折的并列连词It is very good, yet it can be better.He is old but he is in good health.That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.3.复合句: 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句;主句为句子的主体,从句不能独立,仅用作句子的一个成分,如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等;We shouldn’t give our children whatever they want.I’ll never forget the stories that my grandma told me.He worked for a foreign company when he was in Shanghai.一.划出下列句子中的主语①A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.②I don’t know if it will grow.③ Doing your homework in time is important.④To win the game is difficult.⑤There are some people in our classroom.⑥Five is not enough.二. 划出下列句子中的谓语①I saw a girl.②I love you.③ You should work English hard.④You had better take a bus.⑤I want to give you a book.三.划出下列句子中的宾语①I saw a cat in the tree.②We think you are right.③ My father bought me a book.④We call him LaoWang.⑤We forgot to close the window.四.划出下列句子中的定语①That is a beautiful flower.②This is my book, not your book.③ I have a lot of things to do.④I have met the boy in that room.⑤He has something important to say.五.划出下列句子中的状语①He is playing under the tree.②Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.③ The house is dirty because he didn’t clean it.④He buys a gift to make her happy.⑤If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.六. 划出下列句子中的表语①These desks are yellow.②It is getting cooler and cooler now.③ My work is teaching English,④It sounds good.⑤It smells nice.七. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me。

句子成分和句子结构

句子成分和句子结构

句子成分主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。

主语:表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。

但在there be 结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如:1.During the 1990s, American country music hasbecome more and more popular. 名词2.We often speak English in class. 代词3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 数词4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 不定式5.Smoking does harm to the health. 动名词6.The rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词7.When we are going to have an English test hasnot been decided.主语从句8.It is necessary to master a foreignlanguage.it 作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。

如:You may keep the book for two weeks.(2)由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。

如:Do you speak English?They are working in a field.He has caught a bad cold.(3)由系动词加表语构成。

句子成分和句子结构

句子成分和句子结构

句子成分和句子结构
句子成分是指句子中的各个组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。

句子结构是指句子中各个成分之间的关系和组织方式,包括简单句、并列句、复合句等。

常见的句子成分有:
1.主语:句子中执行动作或被动地承受动作的名词或名词短语,提供
句子的主体。

例如:张三(主语)正在跑步。

2.谓语:表示主语动作或状态的动词或动词短语。

例如:张三正在(谓语)跑步。

3.宾语:接在及物动词后面,被动承受动作的名词或名词短语。

例如:张三正在跑步(谓语),锻炼身体(宾语)。

4.定语:修饰名词或代词的成分,修饰的内容可以是形容词、名词等。

例如:漂亮(定语)的花朵盛开了。

5.状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分,表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。

例如:昨天(状语)我去了图书馆。

常见的句子结构有:
1.简单句:由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子,可以有宾语、定语、
状语等。

例如:我(主语)喜欢(谓语)跳舞。

2.并列句:由两个或多个分句通过并列关系连接在一起,各个分句地位相等。

例如:我喜欢唱歌,他喜欢跳舞。

3.复合句:由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子,从句在句子中充当其他成分的一部分。

例如:我喜欢唱歌,因为它能让我放松身心。

句子成分和句子结构

句子成分和句子结构

一、句子成分句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

包括:主语,谓语,表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(一)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)We often speak English in class.(代词)One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(二)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。

谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。

如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

如:Y ou may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。

句子成分,句子结构

句子成分,句子结构

一、主语主语(subject)是一句的主体,是全句的述说对象,常用名词或相当于名词的词担任,一般置于句首。

如:1.The plane has just taken off at the airport。

飞机刚刚从机场起飞。

2.I respect his privacy。

我尊重他的隐私权。

主语是句子陈述的对象,说明是谁或什么。

表示句子说的是"什么人"、“什么事”、“什么东西”、“什么地方”等等。

名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子都可以做主语。

二、谓语谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”和“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。

三、宾语宾语,又称受词,是指一个动作(动词)的接受者。

宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语(间接宾语也称宾语补足语)两大类,其中直接宾语指动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作的非直接,但受动作影响的对象。

一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。

名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子都可以做宾语,而to do不定式用于宾语补足语。

四、定语定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。

主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。

汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。

在汉语中,中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”,有的不需要,有的可要可不要。

“的”是定语的标志。

五、状语英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语(adverbial)。

状语的功用:状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。

状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。

句子成分及句子结构

句子成分及句子结构

句子成分及句子结构一.句子成分主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You do n’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel (摸起来),smell(闻起来), taste (尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。

英语语法之句子成分及句子结构

英语语法之句子成分及句子结构

【语法体系】1.词法冠词、名词、代词、副词、动词、介词和介词短语、连词、数词。

2.句法句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。

句子种类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句句子结构:简单句并列句a)名词性从句:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句复合句:b)定语从句c)状语从句特殊句式:倒装句、强调句、省略句、there be句式主谓一致直接引语和间接引语虚拟语气【句子成分】1.主语:主语是一个句子的主体,一般位于句首。

名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等均可作主语。

e.g. Instead,a picture should try to show the “life” of itssubject.e.g. To find a best friend is difficult.2.谓语:用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般位于主语之后,由动词或动词短语充当,且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。

e.g. I run into the classroom.e.g. He had an apple for breakfast.3.宾语:宾语是动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词之后。

名词(短语)、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、名词化的分次、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句等均可充当宾语成分。

e.g. People love to get together.e.g. I like chatting online.宾语的种类:(1)双宾语:间接宾语+直接宾语e.g. Hand me your book, please.(2)复合宾语:宾语+宾语补足语e.g. They elected him their monitor. 4.表语:表语用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。

一般位于系动词之后,与之构成系表结构。

名词(短语)、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、分词、从句等均可作表语。

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Different parts of a sentence(英语句子成分结构)制卷人:陆英2011-8-29 A sentence can be divided into different parts. Here is a brief overview of the different句子是按一定语法规则组成,能表达一个比较完整的意思,并有一定语调的相对完整而独立的语言单位。

(1)句子的归类句子按使用目的分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

(2)句子的成分构成句子的基本单位称为句子成分。

根据它们在句子中的不同作用分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语等七种。

①主语(subject)是句子所论述的主题,也可以说是谓语的陈述对象。

主语通常由名词(或名词短语)、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式、“无人称”it以及名词性从句充当。

Betty likes her new bike.To learn a foreign language is not easy.②谓语(predicate)由动词构成,说明主语的行为动作或所处的状态。

谓语有简单谓语和复合谓语之分。

a.简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成。

They arrived yesterday.He turned off the light just now.b.复合谓语,由“情态动词或助动词+动词”或由“连系动词+表语”构成。

We must study English hard.They have lived here for twenty years.③宾语(object)是及物动词或及物动词短语的接受者,也可用于介词之后构成介词短语。

宾语有直接宾语(direct object)和间接宾语(indirect object)之分。

Tom bought a story-book.I saw him yesterday.He gave me some ink.Our teacher told us an interesting story.④表语(predicative)说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份,与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。

表语通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词或从句充当。

Her sister is a nurse.It's me.We were at home last night.His cup is broken.This is why she often cries.⑤补语(complement)表示主语或宾语的身份、特征或与主语或宾语相同的概念。

补语有主语补足语和宾语补足语之分。

a.宾语补足语We elected him monitor.The teacher thought the girl rather clever.b.主语补足语将上面两个主动句变为被动句后,宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。

He was elected monitor (by us).The girl was thought rather clever (by the teacher)⑥定语(attribute)是描述名词、代词的修饰语,常和名词一起构成名词短语。

定语有前置定语(多为单词形式)和后置定语(多为副词、短语或从句)之分。

This is a green jeep.Are these students your classmates?I have something to tell you.⑦状语(adverbial)是修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子的成分;有时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、比较状语、程度状语、目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语和频率状语等。

You are quite right.She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.He stopped to have a look.We'll set out if it is fine tomorrow.(3)简单句的五种基本句型①主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P)The bike is new.The map is on the wall.②主语+不及物动词(S+V)He swims.③主语+及物动词+ 宾语(S+V+O)Children often sing this song.④主语+及物动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)She showed her friends all her pictures.⑤主语+及物动词+ 宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+C)We keep our classroom clean and tidy.英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe.(不定式)What he needs is a book.(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)(一)指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walkin g into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep.(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. daysD. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. haveD. breakfast3. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in.(副词)The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell (闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)……It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.(三) 挑出下列句中的表语①The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4. 宾语:1)动宾表示行为的对象,常由名词或者代词担任。

放在及物动词或者介词之后。

如:I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class?⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, ho w about you?5. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。

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