(完整版)初中英语从句知识点总结归纳.doc

宾语从句

一．定义：宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子

如： He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.

二．宾语从句有三种类型：

1．由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词 that 常可被省略。例如： I hope (that) they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy.

Can’ t you see (that) ’I m a bird?

注意：（1）当主句的谓语动词是 think,believe 等时，宾语从句尽管要表示否定

意义，却不用否定形式，而将 think 等动词变为否定形式。如：I don’t think he

will come. 我认为他不会来。

（2）两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词 that，

但第二个从句的连词 that 一般不可以省略。如：

He told me (that)they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 2.

由从属连词 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句表示“是否（有，能，已经）”

等一般疑问句的含义。

例如： I wonder whether (if) he lives here.

3.由连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which 和连接副词 when,where,how,why 等引导的宾语从句表示“谁，谁的，什么，哪（个，些），何时，何地，怎样，为

什么” 等等特殊疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外，宾语从句用

陈述句语序。

例如： To masked who could give the message to her mother.

Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was.

三.宾语从句的时态呼应：“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现”

1．当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。

2．主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式；当从句叙述的是

客观事实或一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。

3．情态动词 must 一般不用于过去时，但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。四.宾语从句的语序

1宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序（主语在前，谓语在后）

如： I want to know if he can come tomorrow

2当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词

如： She asked me who had helped him

状语从句

英语中 ,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语。

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方

式和伴随状况等，根据状语的功能状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。

一．

时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。

时间状语的连接词：when（当时候）while（当时候） as（当时候） after （在以后）before（在以前）as soon as（一就）since（自从到现在）till /until （直到才） by the time（到为止）依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。

1.when 当的时候（一般情况下：主将从现）

I will become a teacher when I grow up

2.while 当时

He visited a lot of places while he was traveling.

3. as在的同时；一边一边

He smiled as he stood up.

4. after在之后

He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day.

5.before 在之前

Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.

6.as soon as 一就 (一般情况下：主将从现 ) We

began to work as soon as we got there.

I will write to you as soon as I get home.

7. since自以来到现在

表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前 (说话时间 )为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用

现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago还.可(以用

since three years ago(自三年前以来)表示。 )

作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：

8till /until直到

都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中

作状语。

They walked till /until it was dark.

Xiao Ming didn’ t leave home till / until his father came .back

9.by the time 到为止 (所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时 ) By

the time he gets there , his father has already gone.

By the time I got to school, the class had already began.

用法辨析： 1.when, while 和 as的区别

When 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且

when 有时表示“就在那时”。

例如： When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我在吃饭。(瞬时动词 )

When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.

当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）

We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进

来了。

While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时