2017年大学英语四级高级语法：长难句分析
英语四级翻译长难句解析
英语四级翻译长难句解析英语四级考试中的翻译部分一直是考生们的难点之一。
常常会遇到由长难句构成的翻译题目，对于这种题目，考生需要具备较高的英语语法水平和翻译能力。
本文将选取一些常见的难句进行解析，并提供相应的翻译方法和技巧。
1. It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare, it is because we do not dare that they are difficult.这句话采用了倒装句的形式，强调了表语从句后面的原因。
在翻译这种句子时，可以先将主句和从句分开翻译，再进行合并。
翻译：并不是因为事情困难，我们才不敢做，而是因为我们不敢做，事情才变得困难。
2. We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.这句话使用了漂亮的平行结构，强调了习惯的重要性。
在翻译时，可以根据语义进行适当的变动，使翻译更加流畅。
翻译：我们是我们反复做的事情。
卓越因此不是一个行为，而是一种习惯。
3. Do not fear mistakes. You will know failure. Continue to reach out.这句话使用了省略的结构，强调了不要害怕犯错和坚持努力的态度。
在翻译时，可以将省略的内容进行补充，并进行必要的词序调整。
翻译：不要害怕犯错。
你会遭遇失败。
继续前进。
4. The best way to predict the future is to create it.这句话使用了动词不定式作主语的结构，强调了创造未来的重要性。
在翻译时，可以将动词不定式改为一个完整的句子，使翻译更加通顺。
翻译：预测未来的最佳方式就是去创造它。
5. I am thankful for a lawn that needs mowing, windows that need cleaning and gutters that need fixing because it means I have a home.... I am thankful for the piles of laundry and ironing because it means my loved ones are nearby.这句话使用了并列结构，通过列举具体的事物来强调感恩的态度。
如何分析英语四级阅读中的长难句
如何分析英语四级阅读中的长难句英语四级阅读是考察大学生英语能力的重要部分，其中长难句的解析是许多同学感到困难的地方。
本文将介绍一些有效的方法，帮助读者分析和理解英语四级阅读中的长难句。
一、理解句子结构和基本语法1.1 划分句子成分首先，我们需要划分句子的成分，包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。
通过了解句子的结构，我们可以更好地理解长难句的含义。
1.2 熟悉基本语法规则了解基本语法规则是理解长难句的基础。
例如，掌握并熟悉主谓一致、从句的引导词和关系词的用法等，对分析长难句非常有帮助。
二、辨析引导词和关系词在长难句中，引导词和关系词是很重要的线索。
我们要学会辨析它们的不同用法，从而更好地理解句子。
2.1 引导词的辨析引导词包括连词、副词和介词等，它们通常可以帮助我们理解句子的逻辑关系。
例如，but、however、therefore等。
熟悉这些引导词的用法和含义，可以帮助我们更好地理解长难句。
2.2 关系词的辨析关系词用于连接主句与从句，如that、which、who等。
了解它们的用法和含义，可以帮助我们准确理解句子中的修饰关系。
三、注意上下文的语境信息长难句通常是上下文中重要信息的集中体现，理解上下文的语境信息对于分析长难句至关重要。
3.1寻找上下文中的关键词在分析长难句时，我们应该留意上下文中出现的关键词，这些关键词可能在长难句中扮演重要的角色，有助于我们理解句子含义。
3.2根据上下文猜测意义遇到理解困难的长难句，我们可以通过上下文的语境信息来猜测句子的含义。
通过抓住上下文的线索，我们可以更好地解读长难句。
四、阅读大量英文文章最后，积累阅读经验是分析长难句的关键。
通过大量阅读英文文章，我们可以接触到各种复杂的句子结构和表达方式，提高我们的阅读理解能力。
总结：分析英语四级阅读中的长难句需要掌握句子结构和基本语法规则，辨析引导词和关系词，注重上下文的语境信息，以及多读英文文章。
通过这些方法，我们可以更好地理解和分析英语四级阅读中的长难句，提高阅读理解的能力。
四级长难句分析讲义
长难句分析在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。
长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。
长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。
理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。
1、四级难点2、攻克长难句对于四级的意义3、如何攻克一、理解长难句两个关键性问题、三个要素（一）两个关键问题1、理解不到位A．简单句Over the years, tools and technology themselves has been largely ignored by people. B．复合句The boy who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungry because he had had no food for two days.2、表达不通顺A．主线结构顺线走a.主语从句例1、What he told me was only half-truth.例2、How he is going to do it is a secret.b．宾语从句例1、Can you hear what I say?例2、He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.C．表语从句例：One difficulty is that we don’t have money.B．定语状语往前勾a．定语例1、the course of reasoning which led him to his decision例2、things which easily escape attentionb．状语例1、Let’s take a walk in the Garden at 5 o’clock.例2、前因后果多主动例1、We had to put the meeting off, since so many people were absent. (先因后果)C．名词从句依序翻（二）三个要素1、词汇A．专有名词a．人名、地名、国家名、组织机构名Galileo（家里裂）Darwin Clinton Bush Pentagon b．专业术语疯牛病禽流感B．代词a．句内指代1．that的指代作用that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词（如是复数，用those），后面通常跟有修饰语，如出现在比较结构中的that of。
英语四级阅读理解的长难句突破
英语四级阅读理解的长难句突破英语四级考试对于大多数英语学习者来说是一个挑战。
其中，阅读理解部分是许多人感到困难的地方，尤其是长难句的处理。
本文将为大家介绍一些突破长难句的技巧和方法。
1. 理解句子结构长难句往往包含很多从句、关联词和状语等成分，因此理解句子结构是理解句意的基础。
学习者可以通过分析句子的主干和从属成分来理解句子的结构。
主干是句子的核心部分，从属成分是对主干进行修饰或者补充的部分。
2. 学习关联词的用法关联词在长难句中起到连接不同成分的作用，如：although, despite, however, therefore等。
学习者需要了解这些关联词的用法，进而推测句子的逻辑关系。
例如，although表示转折关系，despite表示让步关系，however表示对比关系，therefore表示因果关系。
3. 注意定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句在长难句中经常出现。
学习者可以通过关注关系代词和关系副词来判断从句的类型。
定语从句修饰名词，关系代词如who, whom, whose, which等，而状语从句修饰动词、形容词或者副词，关系副词如when, where, why等。
4. 掌握并行结构并行结构指的是在句子中平行地列举几个相同类型的成分。
掌握并行结构可以帮助学习者更好地理解句子的并列成分。
并行结构可以通过词语重复、使用并列连词如and, or, but等来构建。
5. 利用上下文语境长难句往往在上下文中有明确的语境，通过综合上下文的信息可以更好地理解句子的含义。
学习者可以通过寻找上下文中的线索词，如转折词、因果词等来推断句子的逻辑关系。
6. 多读、多练、多积累突破长难句需要多读、多练、多积累。
学习者可以通过大量的阅读练习来熟悉不同类型的长难句，积累常见的句型和短语，以便更好地应对考试。
总结起来，要想突破英语四级阅读理解中的长难句，首先要理解句子的结构，学习关联词的用法，注意定语从句和状语从句的处理，掌握并行结构，善于利用上下文语境，并且进行大量的读、练、积累。
英语四级阅读长难句结构技巧分析
英语四级阅读长难句结构技巧分析英语四级阅读长难句结构技巧分析导语：含有分隔结构的复杂句通常是指那些句子结构主谓、谓宾、宾补之间存在着其他成分。
而有时这些介入成分又较长，从而使本来应该紧联在一起得句子成分被分隔开了。
我们一起来看看这些句子应该怎么做吧。
含有分隔结构的复杂句通常是指那些句子结构主谓、谓宾、宾补之间存在着其他成分。
而有时这些介入成分又较长，从而使本来应该紧联在一起得句子成分被分隔开了。
另外还有一种分隔结构是同位语和定语同它们所修饰得成分分隔，由于作同位语和作定语得句子太长，而后面得部分又太短，为了保证全句意思表达得完整性常常把同位语或定语放到句子最后，形成分隔得结构。
一般来说分隔结构本身不难辨认，但当句子较长，成分较多，被分隔得部分又相距较远时就容易造成理解障碍，而且常常被分隔得成分又恰恰是句子得主干。
因此准确判断分隔结构，理顺句子主干就成了理解这类句子得关键。
Exercise:We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about。
Evening had now come, the last of Adolf Hitler’s life。
Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching。
要点分析和参考译文要点：定语从句“people are moving about”被比较状语“more than ever before in history”分隔。
此现象为“分隔定语”参考译文：我们生活在一个四处奔波甚于历史上任何时期得时代。
英语四级阅读长难句结构分析
英语四级阅读长难句结构分析英语四级阅读长难句结构分析1. Most designers with existing labels are finding there arent comparable fabrics that can just replace what youre doing and what your customers are used to.分析主干：Most designers are finding...finding 后是省略连接词 that 的宾语从句。
该从句是 there be 句型其主语 comparable fabrics 后有一个 that 引导的限制性定语从句直到句末。
该定语从句的谓语动词 replace 带了两个由 and 连接的并列的宾语从句都用 what 引导。
译文：大多数现有品牌设计师都发现找不到满意的有机布料来取代现在使用的顾客已经习惯了的布料。
2. Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.分析主干：T odd Park, a local detective, said...said 之后的内容是个省略引导词that的宾语从句。
whose skeleton...是个定语从句修饰 an... woman。
译文：当地的一名侦探 Todd Park 说这个方法帮他了解到有关一位身份不明的.女性死者的更多信息其尸骨是在大盐湖附近被发现的。
3. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50 year old man who had delayed doing anything about his smokers cough for a year.分析主干：Gullotta saw a man...who 引导的定语从句修饰 a... man。
四级翻译长难句解析与翻译技巧
四级翻译长难句解析与翻译技巧翻译长难句一直是英语学习者面临的挑战之一。
这些句子通常包含复杂的结构、长串的修饰语和难以捉摸的语法规则。
然而，通过一些技巧和策略，我们可以更好地应对这些句子的翻译，保持准确性和流畅性。
本文将介绍一些常见的长难句结构，并提供一些翻译技巧以解析和翻译这些句子。
一、定语从句定语从句是一个常见的长难句结构，它用于对名词进行修饰。
在翻译定语从句时，我们需要把握好从句与主句之间的关系，并确保翻译准确和连贯。
以下是一些处理定语从句的技巧：1. 引导词的选择：在翻译定语从句时，我们需要根据语境和句意来选择合适的引导词。
例如，如果从句指代的是人，我们可以使用“who”或“that”，而如果指代的是物，则可以使用“which”或“that”。
例句1: The book that/which I bought yesterday is very interesting.翻译: 我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
例句2: The man who/that is sitting over there is my uncle.翻译: 那个坐在那边的人是我的叔叔。
2. 关系代词的省略：在定语从句中，关系代词常常可以省略，这在英语中是常见的现象，但在翻译时需要注意补充。
例句1: The car (which/that) I bought last week broke down.翻译：我上周买的那辆车出了故障。
例句2: The girl (who/that) I met at the party is a doctor.翻译：我在派对上遇到的那个女孩是一名医生。
二、倒装句倒装句是英语中常见的句子结构之一，它与正常的主语-谓语-宾语结构不同，而是将谓语动词或助动词放在主语之前。
处理倒装句的翻译时，以下是一些建议：1. 注意句子结构：在翻译倒装句时，我们一定要注意句子的结构和语序。
对于部分倒装，可以通过调整句子结构来适应目标语言的语序。
四级阅读长难句考点解析
四级阅读长难句考点解析2017年四级阅读长难句考点解析在追逐英语四级阅读高分的路上，考生常常会被各种各样的困难绊住脚步，长难句就是其中之一。
今天，店铺就为大家逐句解析一下这些复杂的句子，希望能助大家一臂之力!一、Yale professor and Howard Hughes MedicalInstitute investigator Tian Xu directs a researchcenter focused on the genetics of humandisease at Shanghai's Fudan University, incollaboration with faculty colleagues from bothschools.句子分析：本句的主干是Tian Xu directs center。
Yale professor and Howard Hughes MedicalInsritute investigator为主语Tian Xu的定语;focused on the genetics of hwnan disease为research center 的后置定语;at Shanghai's Fudan University为地点状语;in collaborationwith…为状语。
focus sth. on的意思是“使某物集中于”。
如：Please focus your mind on the following question. 请集中注意力思考以下问题。
in collaboration with的意思是“与……合作，协作”。
如：He wrote the book in collaboration with his sister. 他和姐姐合作写成此书。
考点归纳：faculty有以下含义：※“感官，天赋”。
如：She retained her mental faculties until the day she died. 她直到临终那天一直保持着思维能力。
12月英语四级阅读长难句解析
12月英语四级阅读长难句解析2017年12月英语四级阅读长难句解析You never know what you can do till you try。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年12月英语四级阅读长难句解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!They are the place of the scientificdiscoveries that move economies forward,andthe primary means of educating the talentrequired to obtain and maintain competitiveadvantages.英语四级译文：大学是推动经济发展的科学发现的衍生地，是一个国家培养所需人才以获取并维持竞争优势的主要手段。
四级词汇讲解：本句的主干是they are place and means。
the place of...和the primary means of...为并列的表语;that引导的是discoveries的`定语从句;动词过去分词短语required to…是talent的后置定语。
move sth. forward的意思是“推动……，使……前进”。
如：We should try to strengthen the business and continue to move it forward. 我们应该努力强化业务并继续推动其前进。
英语四级考点归纳：the+形容词可表示名词概念，泛指一类人，通常具有复数含义。
如:The poor bet poorer; the rich getricher. 穷者愈穷;富者愈富。
常见的加the表名词概念的形容词有：blind失明的deaf聋的disabled残废的healthy健康的sick病弱的living活的dead死的rich富有的poor贫穷的unemployed失业的【2017年12月英语四级阅读长难句解析】。
四级长难句分析
长难句分析1．Our linguistic（语言上的）and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.【分析】这是一个复杂的简单句；句子的主干是Our blindness and casualness are losing us. with which 引导一个定语从句修饰casualness. take notice of 意思是“注意到”。
【译文】我们对语言、文化的无知，以及那种对其他国家形成的品味、手势、风俗和语言的漫不经心的态度，正使我们在世界上失去朋友，错过商机，丧失威信。
2．A simple trip around the yard in a pair of those babies eliminates all need to call for a lawn care specialist, and provides the perfect-sized holes to give any lawn oxygen without all those messy chunks of dirt lying around.【分析】这是一个复杂的简单句；句子的主干是A simple trip eliminates all need and provides holes. messy chunks of dirt：乱七八糟的脏东西。
【译文】只要穿这种娇小的鞋在院子里走一走，就完全没必要请修剪草坪的专家了，因为这会形成大小合适的洞为草坪提供氧气，周围还不会留下那些乱七八糟的脏东西。
英语四级长难句分析
• When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. 【分析】本句为复合句，主句为we begin to realize…，从句为When引导的时间状语 从句When we…。主句中包括一个由that引 导的宾语从句that some…values，作 realize的宾语。从句中包含了一个由what 引导的宾语从句what we think，作 challenge的宾语；而think后又带了一个省 略引导词的宾语从句we have learned from…。
在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中，我们经常会 遇到一些长而难的句子。理解长难句的关键是了 解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的 关键部分。首先找出从属连词并确定出主句，这 时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的 确切含义；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各 分句的内部结构和句意；然后确定从句的性质， 即该从句在句中修饰பைடு நூலகம்么词语或结构；最后整体 考虑全句大意，尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否 准确。
When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past, from the media, peers, family, friends, we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed (有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values. 【译文】当我们开始质疑自己的假设，并且向那 些我们认为是从我们的过去、媒体、同辈、家人、 朋友那里学到的东西发出挑战的时候，我们就开 始意识到我们的结论有些是有缺陷的，或者说与 我们的基本价值是相违背的。
英语四级真题阅读长难句分析
英语四级真题阅读长难句分析
【分析】本句为复合句。
主句主干为 DL signifies a course。
主句中的”in which引导定语从句，对course进展解释说明，其中instructors 和students是并列成分。
While意为虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句;从句中的offered 为过去分词做后置定语，修饰instruction。
【译文】虽然各个大学供应的网络课程不尽一样，但是远程教学通常会把课程公开，教师会把课程大纲、阅读任务和课程安排上传到网站上，学生们则通过电子邮件提交作业。
2. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales.
【分析】本句为简洁句。
句子主干为I offered suggestions。
Telling myself hall为伴随状语，that引导宾语从句;guiding the young writer across the hall为现在分词作后置定语，修饰writer。
that 后的从句可改写为I was merely an experienced writer who are guiding the young writer across the hall。
【译文】我一次次地告诫自己，这只是一个有些阅历的作家在指导一个小作家成长而已，关于她的故事中的人物、冲突和结尾我都供应了一些
建议。
英语四级四级长难句
四级长难句分析在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。
长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。
长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。
理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。
首先我们先来了解制造长句的几个要点一词汇：核心词汇+普通词汇二语法结构1．从句：定语、同位语、表语、宾语、状语2．并列结构3．插入语4．倒装5．强调6．省略：分词作定语，独立主格结构2008-61．But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and —— without major technological breakthroughs —— we can't do much about it.2. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one.3．Privacy economist Alessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal peo ple will surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get the ir hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷)4. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like.2007-124．The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson.5. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting my daughter’s experience.6. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked.2007-67. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallelno matter how much we might like to think so.8. Trying to criticize writing on the fly is possibly the single greatest barrier to writing that most of us encounter. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting (稍纵即逝的) thought, the thought will die. If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in raw form, no one is likely to understand. You must learn to create first and then criticize if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.9. The practice that can help you past your learned bad habits of trying to edit as you write is what Elbow calls “free writing.”10. As the words begin to flow, the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen.11. Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you’ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly.12. Most likely, you will believe that this will take more time than you actually have and you will end up staring blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.13. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men.14. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.15. Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore.16. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues.2006-1217. In fact, New York’s municipal water for more than a century was called the champagne of tap water and until recently considered among the best in the world in terms of both taste and purity.18. Similarly, a magazine in England found that tap water from the Thames River tasted better than several leading brands of bottled water that were 400 times more expensive.19. According to an article in The Street Journal, some of the more shameless tactics include placing attractive bottles on the table for a visual sell, listing brands on the menu without prices, and pouring bottled water without even asking the diners if they want it.20. Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for better health, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.21. As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise.22. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired.23. The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs.24. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well”and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health.25. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well,” in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations.26. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can havea beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.2006-627. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time.28. Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods.▲29. We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in terms of national security, especially after Sept. 11, then you’re disposable.30. If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely.2006-6旧31．Women’s education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue.32．Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children.33．Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.34．She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance.35．The car is fitted with a remote immobiliser (锁止器), and a radio signal from a control centre miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off, he will not be able to start it again.36．Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key.2005-1237．While here’s on question that continuous stress is harmful, several studies suggest that challenging situations in which you’re able to rise to the occasion can be good for you.38．In a 2001 study of 158 hospital nurses, those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they get the job done.39. Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.40. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.实战演练1．But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you cando.2.To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects througha set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to addcolumns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.3.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and researchcontradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized.4.House had to be sited “within easy walking distance of the railroad station,” assome old residents would point out; and only those wealthy enough to afford a horse and a carriage dared to penetrate farther into the open country.5.White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likelyto have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.6.But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things,and you will therefore not be offended if your ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.7.College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere witheach other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school.8.This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another,so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.9.The recent growth of export surpluses on the world food market has certainly beenunexpectedly great, partly because a strange sequence of two successful grain harvests.10.It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment (启蒙运动) to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead.11. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.12. The shops are overstocked with food not only because there is more food available, but also because people, frightened by high prices, are buying less of it.13. Scientists, like other human beings, have their hopes and fears, their passions and disappointments and their strong emotions may sometimes interrupt the course of clear thinking and sound practice.14. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.15. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise—and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.二、总结——长难句分析步骤1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。
四级长难句分析
. wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.2. but it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.ride [ raid ] . .n. 乘坐,乘车,搭便车v. 骑,乘坐,克服3. however, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.certificate [ sə'tifikit ] . .n. 证(明)书,执照vt. 批准4. remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5. professor taiju matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6. with a team of colleagues at tokyo national university, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7. computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character.8. contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9. the findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.10. white collar workers doing routine work in government Offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.11. we know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you.12. but you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.13. we are, however, not the less obliged by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know , and make men of them.14. in what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earth’s postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.15. already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives. we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.16. obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.17. certainly newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.18. for most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it ,let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.19. the first time that the question “ what is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from europe to america was proposed.20. at the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.第一部分(1-20句译文)1、系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。
英语四六级长难句分析精讲结构分析
英语四六级长难句分析精讲结构分析1. Many who today hear me somewhere in person , or on television , or those whoread something I've said , will think I went to school far beyond the eighth grade.结构分析:本句的主要结构是 may...or those...will think...。
第一个 who 引导定语从句，修饰 many 。
第二个 who 引导定语从句，修饰those。
I've said 是定语从句，修饰 something。
I went to school far beyond the eighth grade 是宾语从句。
参考翻译:今天，许多当面或在电视上听到我讲话的人，或那些读过我的讲演稿的人会认为我的学历远远不止八年级。
2. My love for the alphabet , which endures , grew out of recitingit , but beforethat , out of seeing the letters on the page.结构分析: which endures 是非限定性定语从句，修饰 love for the alphabet 。
out ofreciting it 和 out of seeing the letters on the page是并列的两个状语，修饰主句的谓语动词 grew。
before that 是介词短语作状语。
it 代替的是alphabet，that 代替的是 reciting it。
参考翻译:我对字母表经久不减的喜爱来自于背诵它，但在那之前，则来自于看书页上的字母。
1. A body at will remain at rest and a body in motian remnins in motian at a constantspeed in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force. 结构分析:这是一个并列复合句。
英语四级考试阅读长难句整理复习
英语四级考试阅读长难句整理复习2017年英语四级考试阅读长难句整理复习No double diligence, neither can, no genius.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年英语四级考试阅读长难句整理复习，希望能给大家带来帮助!1. I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories” where they didn't care if you had values or were flexible. (2001. 阅读. Text 3)【译文】我就上了这样的大学，自然比那些在大工程“工厂”的学生更有优势，在那里没有人关心你是否有价值观，是否灵活多变。
【析句】复合句。
主句I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students, sure此处是副词。
who went to big engineering factories作those students的定语从句，定语从句后又有从句，where they didin't care……作big engineering factories的定语从句，care后是if引导的宾语从句。
2. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc. (2001. 阅读. Text4)【译文】产生这种变化的原因是由于如今全国有数十家公司正在收购废塑料汽水瓶，并把它们变成栅栏柱、粉刷等用品。
大学英语四级阅读长难句分析
大学英语四级阅读长难句分析1.Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to find.【分析】本句为复合句，主干为Scott Hahn says...o high-quality sustainable... find 为says的宾语。
which弓I导的非限制性定语从句which uses all-organic cotton 修饰的是Rogan and Loomstate o cofounder with Gregory 为Scott Hahn的同位语。
【译文】Scott Hahn与Gregory同为使用全有机棉的Rogan和Loomstate公司的创始人，他声称，高质量的可持续使用面料仍然很难寻觅到。
2.Most desig ners with existi ng labels are fin ding there aren" t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you' re doing and what your customers are used to/1 he says.【分析】本句为复合句,主干为Most designers...are finding...o there aren z ed to为省略了that的宾语从句。
that引导的定语从句that can just replace...修饰fabrics o what 引导的两个宾语从句what you' re doing 和what your customers are used to 作replace 的宾语。
专四英语阅读长难句解析2017
专四英语阅读长难句解析2017任何人的成功都来源于自觉自愿地去寻找机会，发挥创造力。
如果你只会坐井观天，守株待兔，那么你永远只能是井底之蛙，永远逮不着那千分之一几率的兔子。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理专四长难句解析2017，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届毕业生网!Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most distance learning courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded ( 升级) systems. (07.12 Passage 1) 分析主干：courses can run (on...)Although 引导让步状语从句。
investment in...表示“在......方面的投资”。
不定式to support... 是宾语investment 的补足语，“项目需要投资来支持相关软件”(因为)support 的逻辑主语不是programs 而是investment，所以该不定式应该是补语，而非目的状语)。
译文：虽然一些规模更大的课程需要斥资增加新的服务器、扩建网络来支持配套的软件，但大部分远程教育课程可以在现有的或稍加升级的系统上运行。
While many good and useful claims are being made, it is clear there is a long way to go in ensuring shoppers are adequately informed about the environmental impact of the products they buy. (05.6 Passage 2)分析主干：it is clear that...句首的While 引导让步状语从句，“尽管”......。
英语四级阅读长难句结构的分析
英语四级阅读长难句结构的分析英语四级阅读长难句结构的分析1. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didnt want to deal with gender issues.分析主干：It took me 10 years to get back... and to realize...句首的 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是 and 并列的两个动词不定式。
第一个不定式to get back 的宾语 the confidence 后有一个定语从句I had at 19 对它加以修饰。
第二个不定式 to realize 带了一个宾语从句，由 that 引导。
译文我花了 10 年的时间才找回了我 19 岁时的自信，才意识到我本不想谈论性别问题。
2. If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to capture a fleeting thought, the thought will die.分析主干：the thought will die本句的难点在从句部分。
If 引导条件状语从句，从句用了listen to sb. do sth.结构，省略to 的不定式correct 作补语曰that 5th grade English teacher 用了借喻的修辞手法，指代你心中的那个批判性思维。
while 引导的'时间状语从句修饰 are listening。
译文如果你在听五年级的英文老师纠正你的语法，而同时你又尽力在捕捉一个稍纵即逝的想法，那么，你的想法就会消失得无影无踪。
3. Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.。
英语四级长难句解析
四级阅读理解难，难在长难句。
如何破解长难句，是做好四级阅读理解的关键一环。
破解长难句通常采用方法是找准主谓宾去除定状补，笔者认为，抓住长难句特点进行庖丁解牛是破解四级阅读理解长难句的又一制胜法宝。
四级阅读理解长难句有以下六大特点：主语拉长一般来讲，汉语主语比较简短。
相比之下，英语中主语一旦拉长，就会增加读者的理解难度。
解决方法：有效分解主谓成分，断开之后各个击破。
例如：The streams, lakes, meadows(草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for balck bears have also attracted more people to the region. （2005.6）首先，把原句子分解为两个简单独立的句子：（1）The streams, lakes, meadows(草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for balck bears溪流、湖泊、草地、山脉、森林，使得Pocono 成为黑熊理想的栖息地（2）have also attracted more people to the region. 吸引了越来越多的人们来到这里。
其次，句子整合翻译：溪流、湖泊、草地、山脉、森林，这些不仅使得Pocono成为黑熊理想的栖息地，而且吸引了越来越多的人们来到这里。
分词短语打头，句子呈现三段（或三段以上）的长句式分词短语（包括现在分词和过去分词）做状语，这一句式比较常见，读者阅读时由于要区分短语和主语之间的逻辑关系，所以理解上有难度。
并且分词短语本身往往由于掺入了插入语成分，理解上就更为困难。
解决方法：理清主动和被动关系。
一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。
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2017年大学英语四级高级语法：长难句分析实例练习
长句：eg. Yale professor and Harvard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai's Fudan University in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools.(0712阅读)
由徐天教授(耶鲁大学教授，霍华德.休斯医学院研究员)负责的人类疾病遗传学研究中心坐落在上海的复旦大学，但其工作人员却由耶鲁和复旦两所大学共同派人组成。
eg. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia , you'll die on average five years before a woman.(0812阅读)
假定你有幸活到生命的自然尽头--在澳大利亚男性大概是活到78岁--你平均也要比女性早去世五年。
eg. When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learnd from our past, from the media , peers, family, friends, etc., we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values.(0906阅读) 分析：when引导的是时间状语从句，question(质疑);challenge 的宾语从句;这个句子就是一个when引导的时间状语从句，又分别在主从句当中各嵌入了一个宾语从句。
译文：当我们开始质疑问我们的假设，并且向我们所认为的我们
从过去的经历、媒体、同辈、家人及朋友那里学到的东西发出挑战的时候，我们就会开始意识到我们的独断决定是有缺陷的，或者说与我们的基本价值是相违背的。
eg. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being.
分析：这个句子有三点需要搞清楚。
首先，这个句子是一个倒装结构;句子真正的主语是appreciatio- n，其次，要弄清楚to the health....中的to是与哪个词构成逻辑语义联系。
它是与前面的名词importance 构成呼应，即the importance of .... to the health..., 即“对...健康的重要意义。
”最后，要知道the num -ber of species in a particular ecosystem 的作用是充当同位语，解释biological diversity这个概念。
译文：人们对物种及其栖息地正加速丧失表示担忧，与此同时，人们一直越来越意识到生物多样性--即在一个特定生态系统中物种的总数--对于地球乃至我们人类健康的重要意义。