英语雅思术语翻译第二讲5
雅思常用英语俚语词汇
雅思常用英语俚语词汇1.Cheek这个单词在英语中没有一个固定的意思，但在俚语中，它常被用来表示“成功”的意思。
例如，“He’s got a cheek to even think of applying for the job”可以翻译成“他竟然有脸申请这份工作”。
parisons are odious这句俚语的意思是“比较是令人讨厌的”，它用来形容人们不应该过分比较，尤其是在负面的方面。
3.Beggars must be no choosers这个俚语的意思是“乞丐没有选择的余地”，它常常用来形容人在某种情况下没有选择的权利，只能接受现实。
4.psyched:这个单词在英语中没有一个固定的意思，但在俚语中，它常被用来表示“兴奋的”的意思。
例如，“I’m really psyched about my new job”可以翻译成“我非常兴奋得到了一份新工作”。
5.To knock something这个短语在英语中没有固定的意思，但在俚语中，它常被用来表示批评或者贬低某个事物。
例如，“Don’t knock the food; it’s free”可以翻译成“别对这些吃的挑三拣四了，反正也是免费的”。
6.Pal这个单词在英语中没有一个固定的意思，但在俚语中，它常被用来表示“朋友”的意思。
例如，“You’re my best pal”可以翻译成“你是我最好的朋友”。
7.Turf这个单词在英语中没有一个固定的意思，但在俚语中，它常被用来表示“扔掉”或“撵走”的意思。
例如，“We turfed him out of the house”可以翻译成“我们把他从屋里赶出去了”。
这一些常用的英语俚语词汇和短语，它们在口语和写作中都非常常见。
在备考雅思时，掌握这些常用的俚语可以提高你的英语水平和表达能力。
雅思雅思听力词汇2
动物场景词汇：zebra 斑马elephant大象calf elephant 小象crocodile 鳄鱼rhino 犀牛hippo 河马shark 鲨black velvet黑色天鹅绒ostrich鸵鸟ostrich chicks 小鸵鸟dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼falcon猎鹰rear 饲养poultry 家禽domesticated家养的hide 未经加工的皮，兽皮leather 皮delicate精致的lion puppy小狮子地理场景词汇：Geography geology 地质ecology 生态Asia Europe Africa Antarctica 南极洲 North America 北美洲South America 南美洲Oceania 大洋洲Pacific 太平洋Atlantic 大西洋Indian Ocean 印度洋Arctic Ocean 北冰洋Longitude 经线（竖）latitude 纬线（横）altitude= elevation 海拔Wetland 湿地marshland 沼泽woodland 林地（人工种植）Cropland 耕地snowfield 雪原Volcano 火山（volcanic）lava 火山岩，熔岩strait 海峡（Taiwan Strait ）（短而窄）Channel 海峡（English Channel）（长而宽）Greenhouse effect 温室效应global warmingEndangered species 濒危物种deforestation 乱砍滥伐，森林荒漠化（moral degradation）Sustainable development 可持续发展否定词：Un- non- dis- in-(im-\ il-\ ir- ) -lessHardly\ rarely\ barely\ seldom\ scarcelyFew\littleWithout\ stop...fromToo...to...Rather than\ other thanA instead of BA, B insteadAt no time/ by no means= neverBy all means= certainly信号词：1 表示列举，增补关系的信号词这类的信号词出现的时候，就说明下文出现的内容和前文是同类事物，或者对前文的补充说明，而不会是新的或者相反的信息。
剑桥雅思阅读5test2翻译及答案
剑桥雅思阅读5test2翻译及答案雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。
下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读5test2原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。
剑桥雅思阅读5原文(test2)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.BAKELITEThe birth of modern plasticsIn 1907, Leo Hendrick Baekeland, a Belgian scientist working in New York, discovered and patented a revolutionary new synthetic material. His invention, which he named ‘Bakelite,’was of enormous technological importance, and effectively launched the modern plastics industry.The term ‘plastic’ comes from the Greek plassein, meaning ‘to mould’. Some plastics are derived from natural sources, some are semi-synthetic (the result of chemical action on a natural substance), and some are entirely synthetic, that is, chemically engineered from the constituents of coal or oil. Some are ‘thermoplastic’, which means that, like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped. Others are ‘thermosetting’: like eggs, they cannot revert to their original viscous state, and their shape is thus fixed for ever. Bakelite had the distinction of being the first totally synthetic thermosetting plastic.The history of today’s plastics begins wit h the discovery of a series of semi-synthetic thermoplastic materials in the mid-nineteenth century. The impetus behind the development ofthese early plastics was generated by a number of factors —immense technological progress in the domain of chemistry, coupled with wider cultural changes, and the pragmatic need to find acceptable substitutes for dwindling supplies of ‘luxury’ materials such as tortoiseshell and ivory.Baekeland’s interest in plastics began in 1885 when, as a young chemistry student in Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins, the group of sticky substances produced when phenol (carbolic acid) combines with an aldehyde (a volatile fluid similar to alcohol). He soon abandoned the subject, however, only returning to it some years later. By 1905 he was a wealthy New Yorker, having recently made his fortune with the invention of a new photographic paper. While Baekeland had been busily amassing dollars, some advances had been made in the development of plastics. The years 1899 and 1900 had seen the patenting of the first semi-synthetic thermosetting material that could be manufactured on an industrial scale. In purely scientific terms, Baekeland’s major contribution to the field is not so much the actual discovery of the material to which he gave his name, but rather the method by which a reaction between phenol and formaldehyde could be controlled, thus making possible its preparation on a commercial basis. On 13 July 1907, Baekeland took out his famous patent describing this preparation, the essential features of which are still in use today.The original patent outlined a three-stage process, in which phenol and formaldehyde (from wood or coal) were initially combined under vacuum inside a large egg-shaped kettle. The result was a resin known as Novalak which became soluble and malleable when heated. The resin was allowed to cool in shallow trays until it hardened, and then broken up and ground intopowder. Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton, which increase strength and moisture resistance, catalysts (substances to speed up the reaction between two chemicals without joining to either) and hexa, a compound of ammonia and formaldehyde which supplied the additional formaldehyde necessary to form a thermosetting resin. This resin was then left to cool and harden, and ground up a second time. The resulting granular powder was raw Bakelite, ready to be made into a vast range of manufactured objects. In the last stage, the heated Bakelite was poured into a hollow mould of the required shape and subjected to extreme heat and pressure, thereby ‘setting’ its form for life.The design of Bakelite objects, everything from earrings to television sets, was governed to a large extent by the technical requirements of the molding process. The object could not be designed so that it was locked into the mould and therefore difficult to extract. A common general rule was that objects should taper towards the deepest part of the mould, and if necessary the product was molded in separate pieces. Moulds had to be carefully designed so that the molten Bakelite would flow evenly and completely into the mould. Sharp corners proved impractical and were thus avoided, giving rise to the smooth, ‘streamlined’ style popular in the 1930s. The thickness of the walls of the mould was also crucial: thick walls took longer to cool and harden, a factor which had to be considered by the designer in order to make the most efficient use of machines.Baekeland’s inve ntion, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century. It became the wonder product of the new world of industrialsexpansion —‘the material of a thousand uses’. Being both non-porous and heat-resistant, Bakelite kitchen goods were promoted as being germ-free and sterilisable. Electrical manufacturers seized on its insulating properties, and consumers everywhere relished its dazzling array of shades, delighted that they were now, at last, no longer restricted to the wood tones and drab browns of the preplastic era. It then fell from favour again during the 1950s, and was despised and destroyed in vast quantities. Recently, however, it has been experiencing something of a renaissance, with renewed demand for original Bakelite objects in the collectors’ marketplace, and museums, societies and dedicated individuals once again appreciating the style and originality of this innovative material.Questions 1-3Complete the summary.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.Some plastics behave in a similar way to 1……… in that they melt under heat and can be moulded into new forms. Bakelite was unique because it was the first material to be both entirely 2……… in origin, and thermosetting.There were several reasons for the research into plastics in the nineteenth century, among them the great advances that had been made in the field of 3…………a nd the search for alternatives to natural resources like ivory.Questions 4-8Complete the flow-chart.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 4-8 on your answer sheet.The Production of Bakelite图片6Questions 9 and 10Choose TWO letters A-E.Write your answers in boxes 9 and 10 on your answer sheet.NB Your answers may be given in either order.Which TWO of the following factors influencing the design of Bakelite objects are mentioned in the text?A the function which the object would serveB the ease with which the resin could fill the mouldC the facility with which the object could be removed from the mouldD the limitations of the materials used to manufacture the mouldE the fashionable styles of the periodQuestions 11-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this11 Modern-day plastic preparation is based on the same principles as that patented in 1907.12 Bakelite was immediately welcomed as a practical and versatile material.13 Bakelite was only available in a limited range of colours.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-27, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.What’s so funny?John McCrone reviews recent research on humorThe joke comes over the headphones: ‘Which side of a dog has the mos t hair? The left.’ No, not funny. Try again. ‘Which side of a dog has the most hair? The outside.’ Hah! The punchline is silly yet fitting, tempting a smile, even a laugh. Laughter has always struck people as deeply mysterious, perhaps pointless. The writer Arthur Koestler dubbed it the luxury reflex: ‘unique in that it serves no apparent biological purpose. ’Theories about humour have an ancient pedigree. Plato expressed the idea that humor is simply a delighted feeling of superiority over others. Kant and Freud felt that joke-telling relies on building up a psychic tension which is safely punctured by the ludicrousness of the punchline. But most modern humor theorists have settled on some version of Aristotle’s belief that jokes are based on a reaction to or resolution of incongruity, when the punchline is either a nonsense or, though appearing silly, has a clever second meaning.Graeme Ritchie, a computational linguist in Edinburgh, studies the linguistic structure of jokes in order to understand not only humor but language understanding and reasoning in machines. He says that while there is no single format for jokes, many revolve around a sudden and surprising conceptual shift. A comedian will present a situation followed by an unexpected interpretation that is also apt.So even if a punchline sounds silly, the listener can see there is a clever semantic fit and that sudden mental ‘Aha!’ is the buzz that makes us laugh. Viewed from this angle, humor is just a form of creative insight, a sudden leap to a new perspective.However, there is another type of laughter, the laughter of social appeasement and it is important to understand this too.Play is a crucial part of development in most young mammals. Rats produce ultrasonic squeaks to prevent their scuffles turning nasty. Chimpanzees have a ‘play-face’ — a gaping expression accompanied by a panting ‘ah ah’ noise. In humans, these signals have mutated into smiles and laughs. Researchers believe social situations, rather than cognitive events such as jokes, trigger these instinctual markers of play or appeasement. People laugh on fairground rides or when tickled to flag a play situation, whether they feel amused or not.Both social and cognitive types of laughter tap into the same expressive machinery in our brains, the emotion and motor circuits that produce smiles and excited vocalisations. However, if cognitive laughter is the product of more general thought processes, it should result from more expansive brain activity.Psychologist Vinod Goel investigated humour using the new technique of ‘single event’ functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). An MRI scanner uses magnetic fields and radio waves to track the changes in oxygenated blood that accompany mental activity. Until recently, MRI scanners needed several minutes of activity and so could not be used to track rapid thought processes such as comprehending a joke. New developments now allow half-second ‘snapshots’ of all sorts of reasoning and problem-solving activities.Although Goel felt being inside a brain scanner was hardly the ideal place for appreciating a joke, he found evidence that understanding a joke involves a widespread mental shift. His scans showed that at the beginning of a joke the listener’s prefrontal cortex lit up, particularly the right prefrontal believed to be critical for problem solving. But there was also activity in the temporal lobes at the side of the head (consistent withattempts to rouse stored knowledge) and in many other brain areas. Then when the punchline arrived, a new area sprang to life — the orbital prefrontal cortex. This patch of brain tucked behind the orbits of the eyes is associated with evaluating information.Making a rapid emotional assessment of the events of the moment is an extremely demanding job for the brain, animal or human. Energy and arousal levels may need to be retuned in the blink of an eye. These abrupt changes will produce either positive or negative feelings. The orbital cortex, the region that becomes active in Goel’s experiment, seems the be st candidate for the site that feeds such feelings into higher-level thought processes, with its close connections to the brain’s sub-cortical arousal apparatus and centres of metabolic control.All warm-blooded animals make constant tiny adjustments in arousal in response to external events, but humans, who have developed a much more complicated internal life as a result of language, respond emotionally not only to their surroundings, but to their own thoughts. Whenever a sought-for answer snaps into place, there is a shudder of pleased recognition. Creative discovery being pleasurable, humans have learned to find ways of milking this natural response. The fact that jokes tap into our general evaluative machinery explains why the line between funny and disgusting, or funny and frightening, can be so fine. Whether a joke gives pleasure or pain depends on a person’s outlook.Humor may be a luxury, but the mechanism behind it is no evolutionary accident. As Peter Derks, a psychologist at William and Mary Colleg e in Virginia, says: ‘I like to think of humour as the distorted mirror of the mind. It’s creative, perceptual, analytical and lingual. If we can figure out how the mindprocesses humor, then we’ll have a pretty good handle on how it works in general.’Questions 14-20Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this14 Arthur Koestler considered laughter biologically important in several ways.15 Plato believed humour to be a sign of above-average intelligence.16 Kant believed that a successful joke involves the controlled release of nervous energy.17 Current thinking on humour has largely ignored Aristotle’s view on the subject.18 Graeme Ritchie’s work links jokes to artificial intelligence.19 Most comedians use personal situations as a source of humour.20 Chimpanzees make particular noises when they are playing.Questions 21-23The diagram below shows the areas of the brain activated by jokes.Label the diagram.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 21-23 on your answer sheet.Questions 24-27Complete each sentence with the correct ending A-G below.Write the correct letter A-G in boxes 24-27 on your answer sheet.24 One of the brain’s most difficult tasks is to25 Because of the language they have developed, humans26 Individual responses to humour27 Peter Derks believes that humourA react to their own thoughts.B helped create language in humans.C respond instantly to whatever is happening.D may provide valuable information about the operation of the brain.E cope with difficult situations.F relate to a person’s subjective views.G led our ancestors to smile and then laugh.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The Birth of Scientific EnglishWorld science is dominated today by a small number of languages, including Japanese, German and French, but it is English which is probably the most popular global language of science. This is not just because of the importance of English-speaking countries such as the USA in scientific research; the scientists of many non-English-speaking countries find that they need to write their research papers in English to reach a wide international audience. Given the prominence of scientific English today, it may seem surprising that no one really knew how to write science in English before the 17th century. Before that, Latin was regarded as the lingua franca1 for European intellectuals.The European Renaissance (c. 14th-16th century) is sometimes called the ‘revival of learning’, a time of renewed interest in the ‘lost knowledge’ of classical times. At the same time, however, scholars also began to test and extend this knowledge. The emergent nation states of Europe developed competitive interests in world exploration and the development of trade. Such expansion, which was to take the English language west to America and east to India, was supported by scientific developments such as the discovery of magnetism and hence the invention of the compass improvements in cartography and —perhaps the most important scientific revolution of them all —the new theories of astronomy and the movement of the Earth in relation to the planets and stars, developed by Copernicus (1473-1543).England was one of the first countries where scientists adopted and publicised Copernican ideas with enthusiasm. Some of these scholars, including two with interests in language —John Wallis and John Wilkins — helped found the Royal Society in 1660 in order to promote empirical scientific research.Across Europe similar academies and societies arose, creating new national traditions of science. In the initial stages of the scientific revolution, most publications in the national languages were popular works, encyclopaedias, educational textbooks and translations. Original science was not done in English until the second half of the 17th century. For example, Newton published his mathematical treatise, known as the Principia, in Latin, but published his later work on the properties of light — Opticks — in English.There were several reasons why original science continued to be written in Latin. The first was simply a matter of audience. Latinwas suitable for an international audience of scholars, whereas English reached a socially wider, but more local, audience. Hence, popular science was written in English.A second reason for writing in Latin may, perversely, have been a concern for secrecy. Open publication had dangers in putting into the public domain preliminary ideas which had not yet been fully exploited by their ‘author’. This growing concern about intellectual property rights was a feature of the period — it reflected both the humanist notion of the individual, rational scientist who invents and discovers through private intellectual labour, and the growing connection between original science and commercial exploitation. There was something of a social distinction between ‘scholars and gentlemen’ who understood Latin, and men of trade who lacked a classical education. And in the mid-17th century it was common practice for mathematicians to keep their discoveries and proofs secret, by writing them in cipher, in obscure languages, or in private messages deposited in a sealed box with the Royal Society. Some scientists might have felt more comfortable with Latin precisely because its audience, though international, was socially restricted. Doctors clung the most keenly to Latin as an ‘insider language’.A third reason why the writing of original science in English was delayed may have been to do with the linguistic inadequacy of English in the early modern period. English was not well equipped to deal with scientific argument. First it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world in an objective and impersonal way, and to discuss the relations, such as cause and effect, that might hold between complex and hypothetical entities.Fortunately, several members of the Royal Society possessed an interest in Language and became engaged in various linguistic projects. Although a proposal in 1664 to establish a committee for improving the English language came to little, the society’s members did a great deal to foster the publication of science in English and to encourage the development of a suitable writing style. Many members of the Royal Society also published monographs in English. One of the first was by Robert Hooke, the society’s first curator of experiments, who described his experiments with microscopes in Micrographia (1665). This work is largely narrative in style, based on a transcript of oral demonstrations and lectures.In 1665 a new scientific journal, Philosophical Transactions, was inaugurated. Perhaps the first international English-language scientific journal, it encouraged a new genre of scientific writing, that of short, focused accounts of particular experiments.The 17th century was thus a formative period in the establishment of scientific English. In the following century much of this momentum was lost as German established itself as the leading European language of science. It is estimated that by the end of the 18th century 401 German scientific journals had been established as opposed to 96 in France and 50 in England. However, in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary, and new, specialized, professional societies were instituted to promote and publish in the new disciplines.lingua franca: a language which is used for communication between groups of people who speak different languages Questions 28-34Complete the summary.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 28-34 on your answer sheet.In Europe, modern science emerged at the same time as the nation state. At first, the scientific language of choice remained 28…………… . It allowed scientists to communicate with other socially privileged thinkers while protecting their work from unwanted exploitation. Sometimes the desire to protect ideas seems to have been stronger than the desire to communicate them, particularly in the case of mathematicians and 29…………… . In Britain, moreover, scientists worried that English had neither the 30…………… nor the 31………… to e xpress their ideas. This situation only changed after 1660 when scientists associated with the 32………… set about developing English. An early scientific journal fostered a new kind of writing based on short descriptions of specific experiments. Although English was then overtaken by 33……… , it developed again in the 19th century as a direct result of the 34……………….Questions 35-37Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 35-37 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this35 There was strong competition between scientists in Renaissance Europe.36 The most important scientific development of the Renaissance period was the discovery of magnetism.37 In 17th-century Britain, leading thinkers combined their interest in science with an interest in how to express ideas.Questions 38-40Complete the table.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 38-40 on your answer sheet.Science written in the first half of the 17th centuryLanguage used Latin EnglishType of science Original 38…………Examples 39………… EncyclopaediasTarget audience International scholars 40…………, but socially wider剑桥雅思阅读5原文参考译文(test2)BAKELITE The birth of modern plastics酚醛塑料——现代塑料的诞生In 1907, Leo Hendrick Baekeland, a Belgian scientist working in New York, discovered and patented a revolutionary new synthetic mater ial. His invention, which he named ‘Bakelite,’ was of enormous technological importance, and effectively launched the modern plastics industry.1907年，比利时科学家Leo Hendrick Baekeland在纽约工作时发现了一种全新的合成材料，并申请了专利。
雅思听力之常见教育类词汇
雅思听力之常见教育类词汇
1.Academic Advisor:
学术顾问，通常在大学或学院中，为学生在课程选择、职业规划等方面提供建议。
2.Academic Calendar: 校历，包含学期开始和结束日期、假期、考试日期等。
3.Academic Department: 学术系，指大学或学院中负责某一特定学科领域的部门。
4.Academic Dishonesty: 学术不端，指学生在学习中作弊、抄袭等行为。
5.Academic Probation:
学术警告，指学生在一定期限内未能达到学校或教师期望的学术成绩，从而受到警告的情况。
6.Academic Requirements: 学术要求，指学校或教师对学生完成学业所需达到的标准或条件。
7.Academic Scholarship: 学术奖学金，奖励给在学术领域表现出色的学生的奖学金。
8.Academic Term: 学期，指学校或学院中一个完整的学年或学期。
9.Admissions Office: 招生办公室，负责接收并处理学生申请入学事宜的部门。
10.Advanced Placement Exam: AP考试，一种在高中阶段进行的大学先修课程考试。
雅思真词汇5.2
11高频词汇amazing 10 [ə'meɪzɪŋ]释义 • adj. very good, especially in an unexpected way 令人惊愕的，令人惊叹的词根 • a(加强语气)+maze(迷宫)+ing →使人困惑的→令人惊愕的派生 • amaze v. 令人惊愕，使人惊叹 amazement 1 n.惊讶，惊愕例句 • A bee ’s brain is the size of a grass seed, yet in this tiny brain are encoded some ofthe most complex and amazing behavioural patterns witnessed outside humankind. (IELTS4,TB,R3) 蜜蜂的大脑只有草籽那么大，但就在这么小的大脑里包含了除了人类以外最复杂和令人惊叹的行为类型。
analyse 21 ['ænəlaɪz]释义 • vt. to separate (sth.) into its parts in order to study its nature or structure 分析词根 • ana(thorough 完全)+lyse(松开)→完全松开→分析派生 • analysis 29 n. 分析 analytical 5 adj. 分析的，分析法的 analytically 1 adv. 分析地 analyst 2 n. 分析者搭配 • in the final analysis 归根结底，总而言之例句 • After we ’ve gathered our information, we must analyse it. (IELTS8,T1,L4) 收集到信息后，我们就必须对其进行分析。
anthropology 18 [ˌænθrə'pɒlədʒɪ]释义 • n. the study of mankind, esp. of its origins, development, customs and beliefs 人类学词根 • anthrop(人)+ology(学科)→人类学派生 • anthropologist 8 n. 人类学研究者 anthropological 2 adj. 人类学的例句 • Anthropology , at its broadest, is the study of humanity —our physical characteristicsas animals and our unique non-biological characteristics that we call culture. (IELTS4,T4,R2) 人类学，最广义地说，是研究人类的学问——研究我们作为动物的身体特征以及我们称做文化的独一无二的非生物特征。
英语雅思术语翻译第二讲2
幻灯片1第二章术语翻译的原则、策略和方法Chapter TwoThe Principles 、Strategies & Methods of Terminology Translation幻灯片2第一节科技术语的翻译The Translation ofScientific & Technological Terms●科技术语的构词特点● The Formation of of STT●科技术语翻译的原则● The Principles of Translating STT●科技术语翻译的策略和方法● The Strategies & Methods of Translating STT幻灯片3科技英语翻译的标准The Criteria of Translating EST●三大标准 Three Criteria●准确(Accurate)●简洁(Concise)规范(Normal)幻灯片4科技英语翻译的标准The Criteria of Translating EST●一要准确(Accurate)：●就是理解和表达科技内容，包括科技概念(尤其是科技术语)、语言形式、逻辑关系、符号公式、图表数字等要准确无误，要忠实于原文。
幻灯片5科技英语翻译的标准The Criteria of Translating EST●二要简洁(Concise)：就是用词、造句、行文要简洁明了精练通顺。
幻灯片6科技英语翻译的标准The Criteria of Translating EST●三要规范(normal)：就是语言、文字、术语、简称、符号、公式、语体、文章体例、计量单位等都要规范统一，符合有关国家标准和国际标准。
幻灯片7科技术语翻译的原则The Principles of Translating STT科技术语的八种特征：1. 确切性（accuracy）2. 单义性（monosemy）3. 系统性（systematization）4. 语言的正确性（linguistically correct）5. 简明性（concisness）6. 理据性（motivation）7. 稳定性（stability）8. 能产性（productivity）幻灯片8科技术语的特征翻译合成科技术语时应处理好以下几方面的关系：1. 单义性与简明性例如中文里的简化科技术语：数控numerical control ，digital control。
英语雅思术语翻译第二讲1
幻灯片1第二章术语翻译的原则、策略和方法Chapter TwoThe Principles Strategies & Methods of TT第一节科技术语 (Scientific &Technological Terms)第二节文化术语 (Cultural Terms)第三节法律术语 (Legal Terms)第四节商务术语 (Business Terms)XISU1 幻灯片2第二章术语翻译的原则、策略和方法Chapter TwoThe Principles、Strategies & Methods of TT第一节科技术语(Scientific & Technological Terms)XISU2 幻灯片3第一节科技术语的翻译原则(The Principles of Translating S&T Terms)●Nature of Translation●Translation is the reproduction of the original message in the target language.●Translation is an art. (some specific pieces of translation) (with each piecemanifesting its own charms and style in the creative hands of the translator)XISU3 幻灯片4Nature of Translation●Translation is a science. (a subject) (rules, laws, principles for translators toabide by)●Translation is a craft or a skill. (a process)●(The process of translation has its peculiarity, and none of its rules andprinciples is universally applicable.)XISU4 幻灯片5Four Meanings of Translation● 1. translating: →the process● 2.a translation：→the translated text● 3. translation: →the abstract concept which includes both the process oftranslating and the product of that process;● 4. translator or interpreter: →the person who does the work of translating orinterpretingXISU5 幻灯片6Definition of Translation● 1. Translation is a kind of cross-linguistic, cross- cultural and cross-socialcommunication.●翻译是跨语言、跨文化、跨社会的交际活动。
雅思听力场景词汇-有中文释义
House -Renti n g 租房landl o rd / landl a dy (女)房东 tenan t 房客neigh b our 邻居 resid e nt / citiz e n / inhab i tant / dwell e r 居民 Feeswater / gas / elect r icit y / telep h one bill utili t y bill 水电费 rent 租金 depos i t 押金 laund r y fee 洗衣费 incom i ng call 来电 Locat i on 位置 rural / count r y / villa g e 乡村 subur b / outsk i rts 郊区 subur b an 郊区的 urban / downt o wn / city centr e 城市 addre s s 地址 livin g quart e r 生活区 road/stree t /avenu e /lane/drive 街道 alley 小巷 for sale 待售 for lease / rent 待租 refun d able 可归还 noisy 吵闹 shade 树荫 black o ut 停电House alter a tion 房屋改造 room alloc a tion 房屋分配 prope r ty 资产，财产 enqui r y 咨询 settl e 定居 contr a ct 合同 conta c t numbe r 联系号码 Uplan d Stree t Kays Stree t Green w ay RoadCoteh e le House 考特黑尔宅第（英国） Accom m odat i on 住宿 stude n t hoste l 学生宿舍dormi t ory (dorm)学生宿舍stude n t resid e ncehomes t ay 寄宿家庭 youth hoste l 青年旅店 flat / apart m ent 公寓 studi o apart m ent 单间公寓singl e bedro o m 单人间doubl e bedro o m 双人间（单床） twin room 双人间（两个床） bedsi t / bedsi t ting room单间（卧室兼起居室）livin g room 客厅 share d kitch e n 公用厨房 bathr o om 浴室（带厕所）showe r space 淋浴室 garag e 车库 study 书房 store r oom 储藏室 laund r y room 洗衣房entra n ce hall / lobby / foyer 大厅 court y ard 庭院 basem e nt 地下室 fire door / fire escap e 安全出口corri d or / hallw a y / porch / aisle 走廊slopi n g ramp 斜坡 balco n y 阳台 fount a in 喷泉 Foodrefre s hmen t 茶点 speci a l food / dieta r y requi r emen t 对于食物特殊要求veget a rian / veget a ble only / vegan 素食的no red meat （印度人）不吃牛羊肉 break f ast lunch dinne r meal brunc h 早午饭 estat e 房产 房屋结构mulli o ned windo w 直棂窗 wall 墙壁 ceili n g 天花板 roof 屋顶 sun sheet 阳光板skyli g ht 天窗 switc h 开关gate / door 门 doorb e ll 门铃 peeph o le 猫眼 fence 篱笆chimn e y (stack )烟囱（管） tile 瓦片 brick 砖头Facil i ty / Equip m ent / Appar a tus 设备close circu i t telev i sion / video surve i llan c e 闭路电视监控系统 air condi t ione r / condi t ioni n g （中央）空调 heate r / stove / radia t or 取暖器 firep l ace 壁炉 heati n g 取暖 stuff y 空气不流通 airy 通风的 venti l atio n 通风 stair 楼梯 escal a tor 自动扶梯 lift / eleva t or 电梯 ladde r 梯子 pool 水池 paddi n g pool 戏水池rubbi s h / dust / conta m inan t 垃圾 decor a tion 装饰 unfur n ishe d 没有配家具的 cream 奶油（色） 客厅carpe t / rug 地毯 lamp 灯 cushi o n 垫子 firep l ace 壁炉 table 桌子cha i r 椅子 sofa / couch 沙发 coffe e table 咖啡桌 armch a ir 扶手椅 stere o syste m 立体声 telev i sion 电视digit a l TV set 数字电视 perso n al compu t er 个人电脑 (ceili n g) fan 吊扇卧室bookca se书橱cabine t橱柜wardro be衣柜closet衣橱QueenSize / King Size（超）大床double decker / bunk bed双层床bed linen床上编织品pillow (case) 枕头/枕套sheet床单mattre ss 床垫blanke t 毛毯curtai n 窗帘厨房gas cooker煤气灶utensi ls器皿spoon勺子kettle壶子pot罐子jar缸waterpipe水管runnin g water自来水dishwa sher洗碗机squeez er榨汁机microw ave oven 微波炉toaste r吐司机，烤面包机refrig erato r / fridge / freeze r 冰箱卫生间shower淋浴头mirror镜子basin脸盆bathtu b浴缸deterg ent 清洁剂soap肥皂shampo o香波sponge海绵toilet厕所，马桶lotion洗液towel毛巾mop拖把broom扫帚razor/ shaver (手动/电动)剃须刀dryer烘干机vacuum cleane r吸尘器washin g machin e 洗衣机waterheater热水器ashtra y烟灰缸Occupa ncy占据Travel ling旅游Genera ljourne y / trip / tour / travel旅游travel agency旅行社passen ger旅客guide导游，指南member ship会员资格recrea tion/ entert ainme nt娱乐packag e tour团队游free tour自由行busine ss trip出差mid-range中距离（旅游）机场场景econom y / touris t class经济舱busine ss class商务舱first/ VIP class头等舱one-way ticket单程票round-trip / return ticket往返票layove r / stopov er中途停留non-stop flight直达航班connec ting-flight转机airpor t tax机场税duty-free shop免税店excess charge超重vacant seat空座destin ation目的地termin al终点站notice board通知板fare票价extracharge / surcha rge附加费air host / hostes s空中先生（小姐）ground stewar d地勤stewar d/stewar dess男（女）乘务员seat reserv ation/ assign ment/ arrang ement定座fullin g-booked满了undern eath/ unders ide / bottom 底部lounge休息室，候机厅Touris t Attrac tion旅游景点hotspo t / highli ght热点scenic spot / view point景点histor ic(al) intere st历史遗迹sights eeing观光landsc ape风景seasca pe scener y海景viewpo int / look-up point观景台herita ge遗迹relics残迹castle城堡cathed ral大教堂mounta in resort山林风景区botani cal garden植物园art galler y画廊concer t音乐会museum博物馆ancien t temple古寺themepark主题公园organi c farm有机农场harbou r 海港beach/ coast沙滩、海滨hot spring / spa温泉cave / cavern大洞穴club俱乐部cinema电影院theatr e剧院aquari um水族馆amusem ent park游乐园orchar d果园ice rink旱冰场watermill水力发电站bay 海湾dock港口dam水坝reserv oir水库Town Hall市政大厅govern ment政府Post Office邮局Telete ch电信GreatBarrie r Reef大堡礁Stoneh enge巨石阵Studio Theatr e演播剧场Footbr idge人行小桥Sydney OperaHouse悉尼歌剧院Towerof London伦敦塔dome圆顶地质地貌rainfo rest雨林swamp/ marsh/ wetlan d沼泽desert沙漠grassl and草原bush灌木丛hillyarea丘陵地带waterf all 瀑布Schedu le / Itiner ary / Route/Agenda / Timeta ble日程安排/线路scheme计划，方案outdoo rs户外活动hitch-hike搭便车旅行hiking徒步旅行camp野营outing / excurs ion短途旅行，远足voyage航行outtri p郊游expedi tion探险，远征运动cyclin g骑自行车yoga瑜伽rock climbi ng / cliffwalks攀岩bungee jumpin g蹦极跳hang-glidin g滑翔judo柔道surf冲浪scubadiving（带水肺的）潜水skiing滑雪ice-skatin g滑冰tennis网球golf高尔夫球badmin ton羽毛球rowing划船volley ball排球basket ball篮球tabletennis兵乓球squash壁球joggin g慢跑住宿motel/ hotel（汽车）酒店B&B / bed and breakf ast早餐旅店Sea View Restau rant海景餐馆cottag e / cabin/ lodge小屋hostel招待所inn小酒店hut小屋语言Mandar in普通话Canton ese粤语Public Transp ortat ion公共交通traffi c交通traffi c jam交通堵塞ride bicycl e骑车(mini)bus（小）巴士boat / ship船plane/ aircra ft飞机，飞行器craft工艺品，船舶subway/ underg round/ tube / Metro地铁railwa y statio n火车站commut er乘公共车辆上下班者coach长途客车ferry轮渡carava n大篷车tram有轨电车rivercruise游艇游览helico pter直升飞机submar ine潜艇4-Wheel-Drive四驱车van中巴shuttl e bus班车airpor t limous ine机场大巴berth铺位（火车上）pullma n / sleepi ng-car卧铺车cab / taxi计程车expres s快车Centra l Statio n中心车站stop watch停车灯穿戴casual clothe s休闲服sports wear运动服jacket夹克hat帽子bathin g suit / swimmi ng costum e泳衣watch手表sweate r毛衣rainco at雨衣trouse rs/long pants裤子jeans牛仔裤shoes鞋子boots靴子(fancy) dress（高档的）连衣裙socks/stocki ngs短（长）袜shirt衬衫skirt短裙coat外套suit西装tie领带neckla ce项链trunks泳裤scarf围巾pullov er套衫jumper上衣underw ear内衣pajama s睡衣sandal s凉鞋slippe rs拖鞋sneake rs运动鞋携带物品sungla sses太阳镜mosqui to net蚊帐(micro)film（缩微）胶片telesc ope / binocu lars(双筒)望远镜FirstAid kit急救箱torch/ flashl ight手电筒sunbed日光浴床sleepi ng bag睡袋backpa ck双肩背包tent帐篷compas s指南针insect repell ent驱虫剂sun cream/suntan lotion/sun block防晒霜camera照相机batter y电池注意事项stinge r带刺的东西sunbur nt太阳晒伤的Activi ties活动picnic野餐barbec ue 烧烤karaok e卡拉OKchess象棋jigsaw puzzle七巧板rover漫游者music(al) instru ment乐器jazz爵士乐classi cal古典音乐disco迪斯科drama戏剧magic(ian)魔术（师）comedy喜剧animat ed cartoo ns动画片traged y悲剧romanc e浪漫故事片scienc e fictio n科幻rock摇滚乐blues蓝调hip-hop街舞folk music民间音乐karaok e卡拉OKguitar吉他piano钢琴violin小提琴saxoph one萨克斯管flute笛子electr ic keyboa rd电子琴mime哑剧art festiv al艺术节perfor mance演出，表现main stage大舞台fringe stage边缘舞台audien ce观众solo独奏band乐队，阶段duet二重唱orches tra管弦乐队sympho ny交响乐concer to协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲pop music流行乐comedi an喜剧演员acroba t杂技演员circus show马戏表演puppet木偶celebr ity名人main attrac tion压轴戏work of art艺术品sketch素描sculpt ure雕塑potter y / porcel ain / china/ cerami cs / crocke ry陶器drumme r鼓手portra it人物肖像landsc ape风景画traged y悲剧ballet芭蕾舞mask面具spotli ght聚光灯conduc tor指挥Diseas e疾病疾病名称Yellow fever黄热病epidem ic流行病chroni c慢性的acute急性的tootha che牙疼backac he背疼headac he头疼back pain（背疼）stomac hache胃疼sore throat喉咙痛heartdiseas e心脏病flu / influe nza流感cold感冒fever发烧asthma哮喘pneumo nia肺炎livertroubl e肝炎arthri tis 关节炎diabet es糖尿病diarrh ea腹泻Choler a霍乱lepros y麻风病Sympto m / Syndro me症状allerg y过敏cough咳嗽runny/ stuffy nose流鼻涕（鼻塞）infect ion感染insomn ia失眠vomit/ throwup呕吐feel chilly感觉冷ulcer溃疡depres sion忧郁、沮丧stress紧张drowsi ness困倦fatigu e疲劳lump肿块indige stion消化不良sprain / twiste d扭伤elbow肘部disloc ation脱臼flat Foot 扁平足fractu re 骨折wry neck 颈部僵硬dizzy眩晕stiffneck脖子发僵obesit y肥胖cramps抽筋bruise瘀伤baldne ss秃顶pregna nt怀孕Drug / Medica tion/ Medici ne药物check医生检查prescr ibe开药instru ction s注意事项dosage / intake剂量antibi otics抗生素side effect副作用painki ller镇痛剂安眠药（sleepi ng pills）pill药丸tablet药片capsul e胶囊ointme nt药膏mixtur e合剂eye drops眼药水syrup糖浆pad药棉块X-ray X光vitami n维生素aspiri n阿司匹林antibi otic抗生素penici llin青霉素cold cure感冒药ambula nce救护车soluti on解答pharma cy/ chemis t's / drug store药店Treatm ent / Therap y治疗，疗法acupun cture针灸vein静脉inject ion注射thermo meter体温计needle针头ward病房bandag e绷带operat ion手术case histor y病历metabo lism新陈代谢ligame nt韧带heel足跟cell细胞bacter ia细菌Health care健康保健疾病起因occupa tiona l factor s职业的原因workin g irregu lar hours工作时间不规律sports injury运动受伤ignora nce of theirbody对身体的忽视life expect ancy预期寿命intern al clockdisord er生物钟紊乱unsoci al hours社交时间depres sion抑郁family proble ms家庭问题high pressu re家庭的压力unheal thy lifest yle不良生活习惯stress manage ment压力管理hectic节奏快anxiou s焦虑depres sed抑郁Clinic诊所dentis t牙医Practi ce私人诊所Genera l practi tione r全科执业医师surgeo n外科医生physic ian内科医生vet / veteri nary兽医oculis t / eye doctor眼科医生check-up检查diagno sis诊断prescr iptio n / prescr ibe处方virus病毒consul tatio n检查eyesig ht视力医院中常见用语：日间门诊 Clinic Area门诊部 Out-patien t Depart ment门诊检验 OPD Labora tory门诊注射室Outpat ientInject ion诊室 Consul tingRoom其他bury埋葬night mare噩梦disabl ed残疾的Academ ic 学术Orient ation Meetin g新生报到会orient ation talkin g / tour 情况介绍expect ation期待openin g ceremo ny开学典礼gradua tionceremo ny 毕业典礼closeceremo ny / commen cemen t闭幕式enroll ment注册regist ratio n注册check-in 签到applic ation form 申请表letter of recomm endat ion 推荐信letter of accept ance录取通知书intern ation al studen t /overse a(s) studen t国际/海外学生Course课程term / semest er / trimes ter学期curric ulum课程（表）approv al 批准entryrequir ement入学要求academ ic durati ons 学业年限tuitio n 学费charge / expens e / fee / toll / fare费用course number课程代码modula r course模块课程specia lised/ specia listcourse专业课程select ive / electi ve / option al course s 选修课requir ed / compul sorycourse s必修课exempt ion 免修traini ng course培训课程prepar atory course预科课程profes siona l 专业的vocati onal职业的dual major双专业major专业，主修minor辅修course arrang ement课程安排timeta ble时间表course schedu le课程安排course outlin e 课程大纲course focus课程重点teachi ng materi al教材teachi ng approa ch教学方法Subjec t 学科分类Arts 文科Humani ties人文学科Social scienc e 社会科学Scienc es 理科Engine ering course工科Medica l course医科Agrono my 农学Natura l scienc e /physic al scienc e自然科学文科Politi cs 政治学Econom ics 经济学Sociol ogy 社会学Anthro polog y 人类学Litera ture文学Law 法学Philos ophy哲学Histor y 历史Archae ology考古学Financ e 金融学Lingui stics语言学Educat ion 教育学Busine ss 商务Bankin g 银行学Hotel/ Hospit ality manage ment酒店管理Chrono logy年表，年代学理科Mathem atics / Maths数学Statis tics统计学Accoun ting会计学Physic s 物理学Chemis try 化学Biolog y 生物学Botany植物学Bioche mistr y 生物化学Ecolog y 生态学Geneti cs 遗传学Astron omy 天文学Planet ology行星学Geogra phy地理学Geolog y 地质学Oceano graph y 海洋学Electr onics电子学Archit ectur e 建筑学Psycho logy心理学工科Electr onicengine ering电子信息工程Mechan icalengine ering机械工程Chemic al engine ering化学工程Civilengine ering土木工程Comput er scienc e 计算机科学Archit ectur e / archit ecton ics 建筑学Irriga tion水利Mechan ics 力学Commun icati on engine ering通信工程Enviro nment al engine ering环境工程Design设计Engine ering工程学医科Surger y 外科学Medici ne 内科学Paedia trics儿科学Nursin g 护理专业Physio logy生理学农业Agricu lture农学Hortic ultur e 园艺学Forest ry 林学Farmin g 畜牧Aquicu lture水产养殖课程级别levelof course s 课程级别intens ive readin g精读extens ive readin g泛读introd uctor y 预备级的beginn er / primar y 初级的fundam ental基本原理的elemen tary基础的interm ediat e 中级的second ary 次高级的advanc ed 高级的expert专家full-time / part-time studen t全日制/业余学生in advanc e预先文凭diplom a 文凭degree学位certif icate证书underg radua te 本科生Bachel or 学士gradua te studen t / postgr aduat e 研究生Master of Arts / Scienc e文（理）科硕士Doctor博士Post-doctor博士后学术，学院Pre-school educat ion 学前教育Nurser y 托儿所Tertia ry / colleg e educat ion 大学教育instit ute / school学院polyte chnic school理工学院Freshm an 大一新生Sophom ore 大二Junior大三，年少的Senior大四作业assign ment/ course work/ homewo rk作业paper/ thesis / disser tatio n 论文essay小论文projec t 项目intern ship/ fieldtrip / practi ce实习charit y慈善事业speech演讲lectur e 讲座tutori al 辅导课程semina r 研讨会virtua l learni ng虚拟学习theore tical study理论研究presen tatio n (n.)专题报告，(v.)颁布experi ment试验，实验explor ation探险，考察defens e答辩public ity宣传要求explan ation解释groupdiscus sion集体讨论venue聚会地点journa l读书笔记powerp oint/ slide幻灯片layout布局，排版struct ure结构syllab us大纲profil e 简介summar y / abstra ct摘要，概要sectio n / chapte r章节，部分draft草稿revise / correc tion修改，修正proofr eadin g校对submit提交length（篇幅）长度deadli ne最后期限flexib le 可变通的，灵活的extens ion延期word-proces sed文字处理gramma r语法techni cal terms/ vocabu lary科技术语margin边缘空白评估assess ment/ evalua tion评估standa rd / criter ion / criter ia(pl.)标准dimens ion 维度，规格attend ance/ partic ipati on 出勤quiz小测验dictat ion听写object ive / subjec tiveexam客（主）观性考试finalexam / midter m test期末（中）考试open / closebook / open noteexam开（闭）卷，开笔记考试oral / writte n test口（笔）试placem ent test分级考试score/ mark成绩credit (point)学分schola rship奖学金grant助学金excell ence优秀pass及格fail不及格cheati ng 作弊plagia rism/ copy剽窃resit重考the expell ed/drop out退学review回顾handou t讲义，传单调查invest igati on/ survey调查研究resear ch approa ch / method s /method ology研究方法questi onnai re 问卷调查observ ation观测teleph one survey/ face-to-faceinterv iews访问postal surveycase study案例分析poll 民意调查respon dents/ interv iewee回答者opinio n 观点prefer ence偏好drawba cks缺点feedba ck反馈quanti tativ e 数量的，定量的statis tical ly valid统计学上有效的datum/ data 数据databa se数据库analys is 分析interp retat ion 解释hypoth esis假设instru ction指示theory理论studyaid教学用具Facult y / Staff全体教工divisi on / depart ment系facult y 院系Studen t Union学生会(studen t后面没有's)counci l / commit tee委员会tutor/ adviso r / mentor导师lectur er讲师associ ate / vice profes sor 副教授Direct or of Studie s 教学主管princi pal / presid ent 校长chance llor名誉校长headma ster/ headmi stres s小学校长dean 主任coordi nator协调员counse llor顾问Teachi ng Assist ant / TA助教Instru ctor指导员School Consul tant老师Campus校园Recept ion 接待处FrontDesk前台Main Buildi ng / Hall主楼Lectur e Theatr e / Hall / Room阶梯教室Gym / Gymnas ium / Keep-fit Studio/ Fitnes s Center / Fitnes s Room / Workou t Room健身中心Sports Center运动中心Common Room 公共休息室Confer enceRoom / Centre/ hall会议室Safety Office / Securi ty Post保卫处Lab / Labora tory实验室Self Access Centre/ Room自学中心Admini strat ing office /admini strat ion buildi ng行政办公室Stadiu m 体育馆Recrea tionCentre娱乐中心Teachi ng buildi ng 教学楼Audito rium会堂footba ll pitch足球场tennis court网球场wing / annex配楼landma rk标志性建筑Audio-VideoCentre视听中心New Studen t Enroll ment新生报到处drop-in centre活动中心newsag ent's报刊亭premis es房产，房屋playgr ound操场surrou nding s / circum stanc e 环境lawn草地parkin g lot停车场Head Office总部StudyAid教学用具projec tor幻灯机reel卷轴stitch（编织中的）一针vessel容器fragme nt碎片imitat ion仿制品manual手册，手工的seat belt安全带contes t竞赛docume ntary纪录片cutler y刀具featur e特征，专题片subtit le字幕invent ory详细目录Studie s of Scienc e理科学习intern al clock生物钟techno logy科技，工艺distri butio n分散，分布energy能量curren t水流，电流image镜像capaci ty容积，容量revers e反转，推翻isolat e隔离，孤立calcul ation计算，推算divert转移conjun ction连接，联合vary变化Studie s of Arts 文科学习overla p部分重叠slang俚语proced ure过程trace追踪，描绘concen trati on专心，集中intell igenc e智力commun icati on交流rule规则matchi ng搭配enthus iasm热情origin起点，来源tone语调，语气，风格demons trate说明，演示vacanc y空白，空虚disgui se伪装，装扮attach ment附属物，附着creati vity创造力missio n使命，任务compos ition构成，作品season变干燥，调味，季节suppor t支持mistak e错误simula tion模仿，模拟transl ate翻译interf ace界面involv e参与，牵涉footpr int足迹contex t背景，上下文mood情绪purpos e目标exclus ive专用的，高级的，独家报道partic ipate参加repres entat ive代表，代表性的descri be / descri ption描述strate gy策略outcom e结果sense感觉skim略读，预览ignore忽略co-orient再调整conver t into转变，转化issue问题discip line纪律cite引用sort分类sensat ion感觉，轰动verdic t裁定，评估factor因素preten sion主张，意图priori tize优先考虑decoy诱捕trick哄骗modifi catio n减轻astray歧途overco me克服initia tive主动权propor tion比例trail足迹indica te暗示exagge rate夸张seek寻找branch分支tensio n紧张常见学术类形容词mental精神的intact完整无缺的，未受触动的massiv e大量的altern ative供替代的pale苍白的，淡的eligib le合适的volunt ary自愿的，义务的optica l视觉的，光学的confid entia l机密的dynami c有活力的，动态的Social Affair s / Matter社会事务sponso r赞助drop-out逃学warn警告accide nt事故barrie r阻碍，关卡Librar y 图书馆图书类别variet y品种，多样化catego ry 种类card index卡片索引pigeon hole sort鸽笼式分类（归档）stack书库glossa ry词汇表librar iansh ip 图书馆学DeweyDecima l Classi ficat ion System杜威十进制分类法则press出版社videot ape录像带casset te record er磁带newspa per报纸magazi ne杂志microf orm 微缩版public ation出版物classi ficat ion 分类volume卷dictio nary字典journa l 杂志，期刊boundperiod ical合订期刊curren t / back issue现（过）刊supple menta ry materi al补充材料multim ediamateri als多媒体资料refere nce book 参考书biblio graph y 参考书目(non-)fictio n（非）小说类prescr ibedtextbo oks指定教材encycl opedi a 百科全书(Encycl opedi a Britan nia 大英百科全书)litera ture文献资料atlas地图册almana c 年鉴conten t目录handou t / leafle t / pamphl et / bookle t / brochu re小册子借书librar y / admiss ion card借书卡call slip 索书单checkout借出renew续借availa ble 可以借到out on loan 借出的reserv e 预借closed reserv e 只读不借in circul ation在书库里out of circul ation借走了not for circul ation不外借access to有权使用还书overdu e 超期deadli ne / due time / date ofexpire / date slip期限loan period租借期限due(s) 应付费fine 罚款设施record er录音机headph one头戴式耳机open / closed shelf开架/闭架借阅magnet ize / demagn etize磁化/消磁TouchScreen触摸屏Return Area 还书处Inform ation Desk 信息台Delive ry / Circul ation Desk 借书台openin g time/hours开门（放）时间librar ian 图书管理员lock锁folder文件夹著名报纸Forbes《福布斯》Guardi an《卫报》（英国）Observ er《观察家报》（美国）Indepe ndent《独立报》（英国）Times《泰晤士报》（英国）Sunday times《星期日泰晤士报》电脑与互联网laptop / notebo ok 笔记本screen屏幕printe r打印机scanne r扫描仪type打字，类别photoc opier / copier复印机laserprinte r激光打印机dot-matrix printe r针式打印机colorinject printe r彩色喷墨打印机mainfr ame主机monito r (n.)监视器，班长，(v.)监控button按键keyboa rd键盘modem调制解调器cable宽带mouse鼠标hard disk硬盘floppy disk软盘disc光盘（圆形）memory内存soundcard声卡graphi c card图形卡，显卡loud speake r扬声器softwa re软件copyri ght版权prospe ctus简介websit e网页online联网的11-13专名Names人名（至少会读）Genera lSurnam e / last / family name姓initia l缩写，最初的nameli st名单Thomso n汤姆森City城市（至少会读）UK(the United Kingdo m of GreatBritai n and Northe rn Irelan d)英国Englan d英格兰Scotla nd苏格兰Irelan d爱尔兰Wales威尔士Bristo l布里斯托尔（记住拼写）Birmin gham伯明翰Cambri dge剑桥Oxford牛津Edinbu rgh爱丁堡Liverp ool利物浦London伦敦Manche ster曼切斯特Sheffi eld谢菲尔德York约克Austra lia澳大利亚Americ a美国U.S.A. United StateU.S.S.R.苏联Alaska阿拉斯加Atlant a亚特兰大Boston波士顿Chicag o芝加哥Hawaii夏威夷Los Angele s洛杉矶New York纽约Seattl e西雅图Canada加拿大Albert a艾伯塔Montre al蒙特利尔Ontari o安大略Ottawa渥太华Quebec魁北克Toront o多伦多Vancou ver温哥华Amster dan阿姆斯特丹Athens雅典Bali巴厘岛Bankok曼谷Berlin柏林Caribb ean加勒比Medite rrane an地中海Seoul首尔，汉城Vienna维也纳Tokyo东京Britis h / Englis h英国人German德国人Ge rmanyNew Zealan der新西兰NewZealan dAmeric an美国人Ameri caIndian印度人In diaSpanis h西班牙人SpainMalays ia马来西亚Polish波兰人Po landSwedis h瑞典人S wedenDanish丹麦人Da nmarkIrish爱尔兰人Ir elandTurkis h土耳其人Turke yCanadi an加拿大人Cana daAustri an奥地利人Aust riaRussia n俄罗斯人Russi aAustra lian澳大利亚人A ustra liaChines e中国人C hinaJapane se日本人JapanVietna mese缅甸人Vie tnamPortug uese葡萄牙人Po rtuga lIraqi伊拉克人Ir aqKuwait i科威特人Kuwai tPakist ani巴基斯坦人Pa kista nArabic阿拉伯人A rabFrench法国人Fr anceSwiss瑞士人Swi tzerl andGreek希腊人Gre eceDutch荷兰人Hol land/Nether landsThai泰国人Thai landEgypti an埃及人EgyptItalia n意大利人ItalySingap orean新加坡人S ingap oreRome罗马Indone sia印度尼西亚passpo rt number护照号码passpo rt-sizedphotos护照尺寸的照片weight体重accent方言visa签证ID / identi ficat ion / identi ty身份证drivin g / driver's licens e / licenc e驾驶执照date of birth出生年月日,age年龄bloodtype血型height身高marita l status婚姻状况home addres s家庭住址Englis h profic iency英语水平date of arriva l / depart ure到达/出发日期signat ure签名Contin ent大洲 / Ocean大洋Africa非洲Europe欧洲Asia亚洲Americ a美洲Oceani a大洋洲Antarc tica南极洲Atlant ic Ocean大西洋Pacifi c Ocean太平洋Indian Ocean印度洋Arctic Ocean北冰洋Tropic al Zone热带Temper ate Zone温带Frigid Zone寒带Alps阿尔卑斯山Amazon亚马逊河Hymala yas / MountEveres t喜马拉雅山Missis sippi River密西西比河Nile尼罗河RockyMounta in落基山脉Sahara撒哈拉沙漠Seine塞纳河Thames泰晤士河Yangtz e River长江SouthPole南极点equato r赤道longit ude经度latitu de维度12-13tropic s zone热带temper ate zone温带frigid zone寒带provin ce省county县state州time时间Nation al Holida y法定假日centur y世纪decade十年per annum每年（=per year）quarte r季度，一刻钟，1/4 monthl y每月的fortni ght半月Januar y一月Februa ry二月March三月April四月May五June六月July七月August八月Septem ber九月Octobe r十月Novemb er十一月Decemb er十二月Monday星期一Tuesda y星期二Wednes day星期三Thursd ay星期四Friday星期五Saturd ay星期六Sunday星期天weekda ys工作日weeken d周末midmor ning/ midday / noon中午measur ement测量Metre米naught / zero / null / nill零percen t百分比area / zip code区号fax传真Centim etre厘米Millim etre毫米Gramme克Pound磅Foot英尺Inch英寸Litre升Acre英亩Mile英里Square平方Hectar e公顷Ounce盎司7-fold 7倍的size形状triang le三角形rectan gle / rectan gular矩形circle / circul ar圆形，圈square正方形star星形pentag on五边形radius半径angle角度Olympi c games奥运会satell ite卫星sun恒星meteor流星comet彗星planet行星Jupite r木星13-13。
雅思英译汉翻译2讲解
1. 蚕茧是用于蚕布生产的原材料。
The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth.2. 从该图表中我们可以看到，在1970年，鱼和薯条的受欢迎程度是汉堡的两倍，比萨饼在当时是最不受欢迎的快餐。
From the graph we can see that in 1970, fish and chips were twice as popular as burgers, pizza being at that time the least popular fast food.3. 如果我们要看到这种潜能得以实现，我们就应该在三个方面达成一致。
If we are ever to see that potential realized, we ought to agree on three conditions.4. 那些科学家正在低估被动吸烟所造成的损失。
Those scientists are underestimating the damage done by passive smoking.5. 老师在教室里走来走去，用手势帮助他讲解。
The teacher walked about the classroom, using his hands to help his explanation.6. 他惊讶地发现自己的房间被彻底地打扫过，一切都布置的井井有条。
He was surprised to find his room thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.7. 任何希望了解未来工业的人都必须对电脑有所了解。
Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about the computer.8. 总有许多外国留学生来中国学习。
雅思学术词汇5
雅思学术词汇5Sublist 5∙academy[əˈkædəmi] n.专科学校研究院, 学会∙consult[kənˈsʌlt] vt.请教, 咨询; 找(医生)诊治翻阅, 查阅顾及, 考虑vt. & vi.商议, 商量∙evolve[iˈvɔlv] vt. & vi.演变; 进化∙li c en c e[ˈlaisəns] n.许可证, 执照许可, 特许放纵, 放肆∙orient[ˈɔ:riənt] n.东方, 亚洲vt.使熟悉, 使适应使朝向; 使确定位置∙style[stail] n.风格, 格调; 文体行为方式, 作风种类, 类型; 流行式样; 款式风度;格调; 气派∙adjust[əˈdʒʌst] vt. & vi.(改变…以)适应; 调整; 校正∙contact[ˈkɔntækt] n.接触联系, 联络, 交往社会关系, 熟人, 门路触点, 接头vt.& vi.联系∙expand[iksˈpænd] vt. & vi.使…变大, 扩大, 扩张伸展, 伸开, 张开, 展开∙logic[ˈlɔdʒik] n.逻辑(学), 逻辑性推理方法合理的想法∙perspective[pəˈspektiv] n.远景, 景前途; 希望透视透视图观点, 想法∙substitute[ˈsʌbstitju:t] vt. & vi.代替, 替换, 代用∙alter[ˈɔ:ltə] vt. & vi.改变, 更改∙decline[diˈklain] n.下降, 减少, 衰退vi.(太阳)落下vt. & vi.辞谢; 谢绝(邀请等)∙expose[iksˈpəuz] vt.曝光暴露; 显露揭露, 袒露∙margin[ˈmɑ:dʒin] n.页边空白边, 边缘差数, 差额; 余地∙precise[priˈsais] adj.精确的, 准确的恰好的; 正是的周密的, 细密的, 精细的∙sustain[səˈstein] vt.承受, 支撑维持长期保持; 使继续经受, 遭受∙amend[əˈmend] vt. & vi.改良; 修改, 修订∙discrete[disˈkri:t] adj.分离的, 不相关联的∙external[eksˈtə:nl] adj.外面的, 外部的外观的, 表面的外国的∙medical[ˈmedikəl] adj.医学的, 医疗的, 医术的内科的∙prime[praim] adj.首要的; 主要的; 基本的最好的, 第一流的n.全盛时期vt.使准备好, 使完成准备工作事先指导, 事先向…提供情况∙symbol[ˈsimbəl] n.象征, 标志符号, 记号∙aware[əˈwɛə] adj.意识到的, 知道的∙draft[drɑ:ft] n.草稿, 草案, 草图汇票应召入伍者; 特遣队vt.起草, 画草图, 草拟选派, 抽调征募, 征召…入伍∙facilitate[fəˈsiliteit] vt.使便利, 减轻…的困难∙mental[ˈmentl] adj.精神的, 头脑的, 心理的, 智力的精神病的∙psychology[saiˈkɔlədʒi] n.心理学心理; 心理特点∙target[ˈtɑ:ɡit] n.(射击的)靶子(欲达到的)目[指]标(服务的)对象; (攻击的)对象vt.瞄准某物∙capacity[kəˈpæsiti] n.容量, 容积才能, 能力身份, 职位∙enable[iˈneibl] vt.使能够; 提供做…的权利[措施]使可能∙fundamental[ˌfʌndəˈmentəl] adj.基本的; 重要的, 必要的n.基本原则, 基本法则∙modify[ˈmɔdifai] vt.修饰vt. & vi.修改, 更改∙pursue[pəˈsju:] vt.追捕, 追击追求继续; 从事, 经营∙transit[ˈtrænsit] n.搬运; 载运; 运输∙challenge[ˈtʃælindʒ] n.挑战, 邀请比赛怀疑, 质问艰巨的任务vt.挑战质疑考验∙energy[ˈenədʒi] n.活力, 干劲, 能力精力〈物〉能, 能量, 能源∙generate[ˈdʒenəreit] vt.生成, 产生引起, 导致∙monitor[ˈmɔnitə] n.监视器, 监听器; 检测器(学校)班长; 纠察员vt.监听, 监视监测, 检测∙ratio[ˈreiʃiəu] n.比, 比率∙trend[trend] n.趋势, 倾向流行∙clause[klɔ:z] n.从句(法律文件等的)条款∙enforce[inˈfɔ:s] vt.实施, 执行强迫, 迫使∙generation[ˌdʒenəˈreiʃən] n.同时代的人, 一代人, 一代产生, 发生∙network[ˈnetwə:k] n.网状物(电视与计算机)网络, 网状系统广播网, 电视网∙reject[riˈdʒekt] n.被拒货品, 不合格产品vt.拒绝, 谢绝; 驳回舍弃, 排斥, 退掉∙version[ˈvə:ʃən] n.(个人对事件的)描述, 说法, 看法版本, 形式译本, 剧本∙compound[ˈkɔmpaund] n.复合物, 化合物(筑有围墙的)院子, (围起来的)场地vt.使混合, 使合成使严重; 使恶化∙entity[ˈentiti] n.实体, 独立存在体, 实际存在物∙image[ˈimidʒ] n.形象, 概念镜像, 影像, 图像印象酷似的人[物], 翻版比喻, 引喻, 明喻外形, 外表, 模样∙notion[ˈnəuʃən] n.概念, 观念, 看法突然的念头, 奇想; 意图, 打算∙revenue[ˈrevənju:] n.收入, 收益; 财政收入, 税收∙welfare[ˈwelfɛə] n.健康, 幸福, 繁荣福利〈美〉政府的福利(制度)∙conflict[ˈkɔnflikt] n.战斗, 斗争冲突, 抵触, 争论vi.抵触, 冲突∙equivalent[iˈkwivələnt] adj.相等的, 相当的∙liberal[ˈlibərəl] adj.心胸宽阔的, 无偏见的慷慨的, 大方的开放的; 主张变革的自由的, 不拘一格的n.宽容大度的人自由主义者∙objective[əbˈdʒektiv] adj.客观的; 不带偏见的n.目标; 目的∙stable[ˈsteibl] adj.稳定的; 安定的沉稳[持重]的∙whereas[hwɛərˈæz] conj.但是, 而。
剑桥雅思2词汇
剑桥雅思2词汇剑2READING PASSAGE 1AIRPORTS ON WATER1.difficulta.难的，困难的，费力的同义词：hard，roughe.g.: River deltas are difficult places for map makers.2. dramatica.戏剧性的,引人注目的,给人深刻印象的词形变化:副词:dramatically同义词：spectacular，strikinge.g.: The changes in China’s Pearl River delta, however, are more dramatic than these naturalfluctuations.3 .similarlyad. 相像地, 类似于同义词：likewisee.g.: The giant dumper trucks rumbling across it will have finished their job by the middle of thisyear and the airport itself will be built at a similarly breakneck pace.4. risen.上升, 增加, 上涨, 高地, 小山, 发生, 出现vi.升起, 起身, 发源, 起义, 高耸, 增长, 上升, 复活,使飞起同义词：bring up，go upe.g.: As Chek Lap Kok rises, however, another new Asian island is sinking back into the sea.5. rarelyadv.难得，很少同义词：merely, hardly, little, scarcely,e.g.: The settlement is rarely even.6. bucklevt. 扣住, 使弯曲同义词：bend, clasp, distort, fasten7. crack.vt. (使)爆裂, (使)裂开, (使)发出爆裂声同义词：bang, blow, breake.g.: So buildings tend to buckle and crack.8. shiftvt. 替换, 转移, 改变, 推卸, 变速同义词：alter, change, substitute, varye.g.: The site was shifted a further five kilometres.9. consistvi. 组成, 存在于, 一致同义词：comprise, include, make upe.g.: Above a seabed that consisted of 20 meters of soft alluvial silt.10. gianta. 庞大的, 巨大的同义词：colossal, enormous, gigantic, huge, immense, tremendous, vastTo cope with settlement, giant terminal is supported on 900 pillars.11. originala. 最初的, 原始的, 有创意的同义词：primary, firstThere was some land there to begin with, the original little island and a smaller outcrop.12. deal withv.安排, 处理, 涉及, 做生意同义词：solve, cope with, handle, resolve, tacklee.g.: It would have been possible to leave this mud below the reclaimed land and to deal with theresulting settlement by the Kansai method.13. utilityn. 功用, 有用之物, 实用, 公用事业, 实用程序同义词：make good use of14. unyieldingadj.不屈服的; 顽强的; 弯曲不了的; 坚硬的同义词：firm，inflexible，rigid，stubborn，unbendinge.g.: This makes it easier for utilities to dig trenches-granite is unyielding stuff.15. persistenta.固执的, 坚持的, 持续的, 作用持久的同义词：never-ceasing，relentless, unrelenting16. take into account.v. 考虑到(顾及,体谅)同义词：allowe.g.: Gentler but more persistent bad weather---the downpours of the summer monsoon---is also being taken into account.17. separatevi. 分开, 隔开, 分居同义词：divide,isolate,sorte.g.: A mat-like material is being laid across the island to separate the rock and sand layers. READING PASSAGE2 CHANGING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF HEALTH1. conceptn. 观念, 概念同义词：idea, notion, opinion, thoughte.g.: The concept of health holds different meanings for different people and groups.2. evident显然的, 明显的同义词:apparent,clear, obvious,plaine.g.: This change is no more evident than in Western society today.3. connectvt. 连接, 联合, 联系同义词：attach,combine,join,link,unitee.g.: Good health has been connected to the smooth mechanical operation of the body.4. definevt. 定义, 规定, 使明确同义词：clarify describe establish explain fix outline sete.g.: Health in this sense has been defined as the absence of disease or illness and is seen in medicalterms.5.emphasisn. 强调, 加强, 重点同义词：importance,stresse.g.: There was an emphasis on providing clean water, improved sanitation and housing.6. merelyad. 只同义词：barely,only,purely,simplye.g.: They stated that ‘health is a complete state of physical,mental and social well-being and is not merely the absence of disease’.7. holisticadj.整体的, 全盘的同义词：overall, wholee.g.: Health and the person were seen more holistically and just in physical terms.8. fitnessn. 适合, 合宜, 合理, 恰当, 健康同义词：good shape, good conditione.g.: Specific behaviors which were seen to increase risk of disease, such as smoking, lack of fitnessand unhealthy eating habits, were targeted.9. povertyn.贫穷,虚弱; 低劣同义词：poorness, impoverishment10. benefitvt. 有益于同义词：profit，gain，do goode.g.: People experiencing poverty,unemployment, underemployment or little control over the conditions of their daily lives benefited little from this approach.11. swingvi. 摇摆, 悬挂, 旋转, 大摇大摆地走, 转向同义词：fluctuate，swaye.g.: During the 1980s and 1990s there has been a growing swing away from seeing lifestyle risks as the root cause of poor health.12. basicn. 基本原理, 要素, 基本规律同义词：essential，fundamental，underlyinge.g.: Improvement in health requires a secure foundation in these basic requirements.13. complexadj. 复杂的, 合成的, 综合的同义词：bias，complicated，confusede.g.: It is the complex interrelationships between them which determine the conditions that promote health.14. promotionn. 晋级, 创建, 增进同义词：advancement，betterment，improvement，lift，progress ，risee.g.: A broad socio-ecological view of health suggests that the promotion of health must include astrong social, economic and environmental focus.15. backbonen. 脊椎, 志气, 骨干, 支柱同义词：mainstay, keystonee.g.: This charter remains as the backbone of health action today.16. favourn.亲切, 宠爱同义词: helpe.g.: Biological factors can all favour health or be harmful to it.17. overall全部的, 全体的, 从头至尾的, 一切在内的同义词：total, wholee.g.: The overall philosophy of health promotion which guides these fundamental strategies and approaches is one of‘enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health’. READING PASSAGE 3CHILDREN’S THINKING1. eminent显赫的, 杰出的, 有名的同义词：distinguished，famous，important，noble，outstanding，prominent，superiore.g.: One of the eminent of psychologists claimed that the essence of reasoning lies in some novel way.2. explicit详述的, 清楚的, 直言的同义词：candid，clear，definite，direct，distinct，detailede.g.: Two followers devised a test for children that was explicitly based on principles.3.integratevt. 综合, 使完整, 使成整体同义词：balance, coordinate, equalizee.g.: But they did not for the most part ‘integrate’.4. lessenvt. 减少, 缩小, 减轻同义词：reducee.g.: But it lessens, on the other hand, when we learn that a task was devised.5. familiar熟悉的, 常见的, 亲密的同义词：close, intimate, well-knowne.g.: Now the subject is dealing not with a strange machine but with familiar meaningful objects.6. cruciala.决定性的, 重要的, 严厉的同义词：critical, decisive, important, pressing, urgente.g.: Hewson made two crucial changes.7. assumevt. 假定, 承担, 呈现同义词：presume, suppose , suspect, thinke.g.: Yet he must assume that if he is to solve the problem.8. equivalencen. 同等, 等价, 等值同义词：comparisone.g.: Hewson made the functional equivalence of different marbles clea r by playing a ‘swapping game’ with the TEST2READING PASSAGE1IMPLEMENTING THE CYCLE OF SUCCESS: A CASE STUDY1. accommodationn. 膳宿, 预订铺位, 适应性调节, 调和, 贷款同义词：adjustment, fittinge.g.: The hotel is designed to provide the best available accommodation.2. implementvt. 实现, 使生效, 执行同义词：bring about , carry out , complete, devicee.g.: AHI decided to implement some new policies and practices at SAH.3. initiativen. 主动行动, 首创精神, 主动权同义词：initiatory，first，maiden，opening movee.g.: The first of the initiatives was an organizational structure with only three levels ofmanagement---compared to the traditional seven.4. significanta.重要的, 有效的, 有含义的, 暗示的, 值得注意的同义词：important ，substantiale.g.: There are 25 percent fewer management positions, enabling a significant saving.5. fit in装配好同义词：harmonize, accord, concord, agreee.g.: The hotel also recognised that it would need a different approach to selecting employees who would fit in with its new policies.6. fill inv.填充, 填写, 填满, 替代同义词：complete, fill out, make oute.g.: Over 7000 applicants filled in application form for the 120 jobs initially offered at SAH.7. predominanta.占主导地位的, 卓越的同义词：chief, foremost, leading, main, principal, superiore.g.: The balance of the positions at the hotel were predominantly filled by transfers from othereproperties.8. exhibitvt. 展现, 陈列, 展览同义词：demonstrate, display, present, showe.g.: Category A was for applicants exhibiting strong leadership qualities.9. adoptvt. 采用, 正式通过, 收养, 接受同义词：assume, choosee.g.: Another major initiative by SAH was to adopt a totally multi-skilled workforce.10. objectiven.目的, 目标, 宗旨, 宾格, 实物a.客观的, 如实的, 无偏见的, 宾格的同义词：aim, object, targetnonsubjectivee.g.: The prime objective of the benchmarking process was to compare a range of service deliveryprocesses.11. enhancevt. 提高, 加强, 增加同义词：better, enrich, improve, uplifte.g.: This process resulted in performance measures that greatly enhanced SAH’s ability to improveproductivity and quality.12. proportionn. 比例, 比率, 均衡, 部分, 面积同义词：amount, percentage, portion, ratio, sharee.g.: A high proportion of AHI Club member reservations were imcomplete.13. collatevt. 校对, 校勘同义词：assembleThese are collated regularly to identify opportunities for improvement.14. note down记下同义词：write downe.g.: Employees are requested to note down their ownsuggestions for improvement.15. valida.有确实根据的, 有法律效力的, 正当的, 正确的同义词: adequate, authorized, cogent, effective, established, sound, true, well-groundede.g.: A valid reason is given for non-implementation.16 . numerousadj.许多的, 无数的同义词：abundant, considerable, many, multitudinouse.g.: Numerous overseas visitors have come to see how the program works.READING PASSAGE21. impedevt. 妨碍, 阻碍, 阻止同义词：arrest, delay, inhibit, interrupt, limit, obstruct, stope.g.: The lack of a common language can severely impede progress or can halt it altogether.2. fatala.致命的,毁灭性的同义词：deadly, destructive, disastrouse.g.: Publicity comes only when failure to communicate has major consequences, such as strikes, lostorders, or fatal accidents.3. instancen. 例子v. 举...为例,举例说明同义词：case, circumstance, example, occasione.g.: One reported instance of communication failure took place in 1970.4. consistencyn. 稠度(一致性,相容性)同义词：firmness,steadiness, uniformitye.g.: Some firms run part-time language courses to ensure consistency when material is beingtranslated.5. permeatev. 弥漫,渗透,普及同义词：penetrate, pervadee.g.: The regional and social variation can permeate speech.READING PASSAGE3WHAT IS A PORT CITY?1. fascinatinga.迷人的同义词：charminge.g.: The port city provides a fascinating and rich understanding of the movement of people.2. distinguishedv. 区别同义词：celebrated, famous, outstanding, popular, well-knowne.g.: A port must be distinguished from a harbour.3. cosmopolitana.世界性的同义词：worldwide, metropolitan, globale.g.: Port functions make a city cosmopolitan.4. multiplea.多样的,多重的同义词：manye.g.: The sound of boat whistles or the moving tides are symbols of their multiple links with a wideworld.5. externala.外部的,外用的,客观的,表面的同义词：exterior, outer, surfacee.g.: What evidence we have suggests that domestic trade was greater at all periods than externaltrade.6. retainv. 保持,保留同义词：hold, keep, maintain, preserve, savee.g.: Cities which began as ports retain the chief commercial and administrative centre of the cityclose to the waterfront.Test 3Reading Passage 1ABSEBTEEISIM IN NURSING: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY1.disruptive (adj.) 使混乱的，使瓦解的→disrupt (v.)→disruption (n.)e.g.: Absence from work is a disruptive problem for any organization.2. prior to(prep.) 在…之前e.g.: Prior to this time, few active steps had been taken to manage it.3. prevalent (adj.) 流行，盛行，普遍的→prevalence (n.)→popular→commone.g.: A prevalent attitude among the nurses is that there is no reward for not utilizing it.4. utilize (v.) 使用= use→utilization (n.)e.g.: There was no reward for not utilizing the paid sick leave entitlement.5. shift (v. n. ) 转变，移动e.g.: Administration was not sympathetic to the problems shift work causes to their lives.In the affluent 1980s, the emphasis was shifting.→alter (v.) alteration (n.)e.g.: This attitude altered with the realization that marginal communities can survive and adapt.→transform (v.) transformation (n.)e.g.: However, when fish were added, dramatic transformation occurred.→modify (v.) modification (n.)e.g.: The two modifications together produced a jump in success rates from 30 percent to 90 percentfor five-year-olds.6. incentive (n.) 激励前进的动力→motivatione.g.: non-financial incentive7. cease (v.) 停止cease to do sth. ↘cease doing sth →stop doing sthcease sth. ↗e.g.: Cities ceased to be port cities when other functions dominate.8. genuine (adj.) 真正的→ authentic→反义：fake/ inauthentic/ artificial/ pseudo/ 假的e.g.: They had long-term genuine illness.People claiming welfare payments are genuine.9.implementation (n.) 实施→implement (v.) ( strategy/ policy/ solution)e.g.: A similar effect was found from the implementation of the third strategy.New solutions to this old problem are being implemented.→enforce (laws) (v.)e.g.: The police have the power to enforce anti-pollution laws.10.donate (v.) 捐赠→donation (n.)e.g.: The prizes are donated by local businesses.11. initially (adv.) 最初→initial (adj.) = originale.g.: Initially, there was a 20% improvement in absenteeism.Reading passage 2THE MOTOR CAR1.give rise to 导致→contribute toe.g.: This dependence on motor vehicles has given rise to major problems.2. depletion (n.) 用光→deplete =use up =exhaust (v.)e.g.: the depletion of oil resources3. emission (n.) 排放→e mit (v.)e.g.: Fuel consumption and exhaust emission also depends on which cars are preferred by customers.→dischargee.g.: The chimney discharged smoke.→releasee.g.: the contaminants released by spring melting4. hazard (n.) 危害→hazardous (adj.)e.g.: Vehicle pollution is a health hazard.5. adaptation (n.) 适应，调整→adapt (v.)→adaptable (adj.)e.g.: Adaptation to the motor cars has involved adding ring roads, one way system.6. be blamed on 归咎于，归因于→be attributed to =result frome.g.: Other social effects have been blamed on the car, such as alienation and aggressive humanbehavior.7. alienation (n.) 疏远→alien (adj.)→alienate (adj.)e.g.: Other social effects have been blamed on the car, such as alienation and aggressive humanbehavior.8. external (adj.) 外部的，国外的→反义internal = domestic 国内的e.g.: Car transport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of external social costs.external trade9. habitat (n.) 栖息地e.g.: animal’s natural habitat→ habitual (adj.) 习惯的e.g.: There is no way that habitual consumption of foodstuffgrown using toxic chemicals can behealthy for consumers.10. surpass (v.) 超过，胜过→exceede.g.: Cars easily surpas s trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of personal transport.11. exhaust (n.) 尾气→traffic fumes→smog/ haze 烟雾e.g.：the exhaust of 6000 vehicles→exhaust= use up/ deplete（v. ）e.g.: exhaust the supply of oxygen→ inexhaustible 用不尽的12. put forward/forthOne solution that has been put forward is the long-term solution of designing cities and neighborhoods so that car transport is not necessary.13. accessible (adj.) 易接近的，可进入的→access (n.)e.g.: All essential services are accessible by public transport.14. feasible (adj.) 可行的，可能的e.g.: Better integration of transport system is mad feasible by modern computers.15. predominate (v.) 占支配地位，占优势e.g.: Old technologies continue to predominate.→ predominant (adj.)→ dominate (v.)16.merit (n.) 优点→benefite.g.: the relative merits of cars and public transport17. prediction (n.) 预言，预告→ predict (v.)→ foresee (v.) 预见，预料到→ envision (v.)e.g.: the writer’s own prediction of future solutionsReading Passage 3THE KEYLESS SOCIETY1.objection (n.) 反对→ object (v.)e.g.: common objections→ oppose (v.) 反对→ opposition (n.)e.g.: It faced ultimately successful opposition.→ anti- :against2.fraud (n.) 欺骗，欺诈，骗子e.g.: fighting fraud3. inevitable (adj.) 不可避免的e.g.: accept the inevitable4. authenticate (v.) 证实，鉴别真伪→ authentic (adj.) 真正的→反义inauthentic/ artificiale.g.: Their identities must be authenticated by an electronic hand scanner.→ genuine (adj.) 真正的，名副其实的e.g.: People that claiming welfare payments are genuine.5. verify (v.) 证实，查证→ verification (n.)e.g.: Her voice must be verified.6. application (n.) 应用e.g.: All of these are applications of biometrics.→ apply (v.)→ apply for 申请e.g.: apply for the job→ apply ( to) 适用e.g.: This also applies to human brains.→ apply …应用e.g.: apply the theory in practice7. characteristic (n.) 特点e.g.: The technology involves the use of physical or biological characteristics to indentify individuals→characteristic (adj.) 典型的→ feature (n.) 特点e.g.: The systems operate by storing a digitized record of some unique human feature.8. viable (adj.) 可行的，会成功的e.g.: They are commercially viable.The plan is viable in practice./doc/e02544282.html,munity (n.) 社会，集体e.g.: Support for biometrics is growing in Toronto as it is in many other communities.the sense of community集体感10.privacy (n.) 隐私，不受干扰→ private (adj.)e.g.: Biometrics raise thorny questions about privacy.Test 4Reading Passage 1Green Wave Washes Over Mainstream Shopping1.misjudge (v.) 判断错，估计错e.g.: Politicians may be misjudging the public mood.→ mis- : falsemis lead (v.) mis manage (v.)2.mood (n.) 心境，情绪e.g.: the public moodalter one’s mood = change one’s psyche3.environmentally friendly 环保的e.g.: More people than ever want to buy environmentally friendly products.→ environmentally benign / environmentally safe4.predict (v.) 预言，预告，预示e.g.: The report also predicts that the process will repeat itself.→ foresee (v.)→ envision (v.)5.previous (adj.) 以前的e.g.: A green wave has swept through consumerism, taking in people previously untouched byenvironmental concerns.6.ethical (adj.) 道德的，伦理的e.g.: ethical concernsethical spenders→ moral (adj.)e.g.: His marketing technique may be open to criticism on moral ground.7.proportion (n.) 比例，比率e.g.: The proportion who look for green products and prepared to pay more for them has climbed.→ percentagee.g.: This percentage is higher among women.8. managerial (adj.) 经理的，管理的e.g.: managerial group9. professional (adj.) 职业的，专业的，职业性的e.g.: professional group10. manual (adj.) 体力的e.g.: manual workers11. substantial (adj.) 大量的e.g.: The proportion rose substantially.12. eccentric (adj.) 反常的，古怪的e.g.: the eccentric members of the society13. virtually (adv.) 几乎，差不多，近于=almoste.g.: The image of green consumerism has virtually disappeared.14. mainstream (n.) 主流e.g.: a mainstream market / mainstream societies15. tend to 倾向于e.g.: 21 percen t are ‘pale green’–tending to buy green products if they see them.→ be prone toe.g.: The best workers are prone to leave.16. deter (v.) 拦阻，阻止e.g.: They would be deterred from buying a product if it had been tested on animals.17. specific (adj.) 详细且精确的，特别的e.g.: Concerns for specific issues is lower than in1990.→ explicit (adj.) 明晰的，清楚的e.g.: explicit guidelines→ detailed 详细的e.g.: detailed guidelines18. commercial (adj.) 商业的e.g.: commercial trends→ commercialize (v.) 商业化commercialization (n.) 商业化19. financial (adj.) 经济的，金融的e.g.: be financially better off20. sensitive (adj.) 敏感的，感觉敏锐的e.g.: Being financially better off has made shoppers more sensitive to buying ‘green’.21. undertake (v.) 承担，担任，从事e.g.: Mintel undertakes market surveys on an annual basis.22. pre-occupy (v.) 提前占有e.g.: They are pre-occupied with the recession and financial problems.→ pre : before→ pre-school education 学前教育→ pre-linguistic infants 说话前的婴儿→ pre-historic plants 史前植物23.anticipate (v.) 期望=expecte.g.: There is more widespread interest in the environmental agenda than they anticipated.→ anticipation (n.)24.constraint (n.) 压抑，约束，压制因素e.g.: financial constraints→ constrain (v.)Reading Passage Two1.literacy (n.) 识字，有文化e.g. There is a great concern about declining standards of literacy in schools.→ literate (adj.) 有文化的，有读写能力的→反义illiterate (adj.) illiteracy (n.)2.prompt (v.) 促使，激起，引起e.g.: It helped to prompt massive educational changes.→ ignite (v.)3.massive (adj.) 很大的，结实的e.g.: It helped to prompt massive educational changes.→ large-scale massive-scale mass→反义small-scale4.intellectual (adj. n.) 智力的，显示智力的, 知识分子e.g.: The development of literacy has far- reaching effects on general intellectual development.5. versus (prep.) 对e.g.: The research has focused on the effectiveness of ‘traditional’versus‘modern’ teachingtechniques.5.fruitless (adj.) 无效的，徒劳的e.g.: The fruitless research is a tragic example of the saying ‘They can’t see the wood for the trees’.→反义fruitful6.increasingly (adv.) 越来越…e.g.: Illustrations have become increasingly detailed.→ progressively7.obtrusive (adj.) 突出的e.g.: Illustrations have become increasingly detailed and obtrusive ..8. impoverish (v.) 使贫穷e.g.: Language has become impoverished.9. extinction (n.) 灭绝, 消灭= dying oute.g.: Language has become impoverished—sometimes to the point of extinction.→ extinct (adj.)→ be extinct = die out = vanish (v.)11.virtually (adv.) 几乎=almoste.g.: There is virtually no empirical evidence to support theuse of illustrations in teaching reading12. interfere (v.) (with, in, between) 妨碍，阻止，干涉，干预e.g.: Pictures interfere in a damaging way with all aspects of learning to read.13. adverse (adj.) 不利的e.g.: adverse effects 不利影响adverse reactions 不良反应adverse conditions 不利条件14.offset (v.) 抵消，赔偿e.g.: The adverse effects of television can be offset by experiencing ‘rich’ language at school.15. repetitive (adj.) = repetitious 重复的，啰唆的e.g.: It is not unusual for a book of 30 or more pages to have only one sentence full of repetitivephrases.→ repeat (v.) repetition (n.)15.redundant (adj.) 过剩的，多余的e.g.: The pictures make the language redundant.→ redundancy (n.)16.imagine (v.) 想象e.g.: The children have no need to imagine anything.→ imagination (n.)→ imaginable 可以想象的e.g.: every imaginable possibility→ imaginative 富于想象力的e.g.: She is an imaginative child.→ imaginary 假想的，虚构的e.g.: All characters in this book are imaginary.17. vulnerable (adj.) 脆弱的，易受影响的e.g.: The least intelligent are most vulnerable.→ vulnerability (n.)18. extend (v.) 伸展，延伸，延长e.g.: The response of educators has been to extend the use of pictures in books.→ extension (n.) extensive (adj.) 广大的，广阔的19.simplify (v.) 使简单，使精简e.g.: simplify the language→ simple (adj.) simplicity (n.) 简单，单纯，无知20.motivate (v.) 促使，激发，作为…的动机e.g.: Pictures are also used to help motivate children to read.→ motivation (n.)e.g.: Motivation to read should be provided by listening to stories well read.→ incentive (n.)21. creative (adj.) 创造性的，有创造力的e.g.: We present pictures to save children the trouble of developing these creative skills.→ create (v.) creation (n.)→inventive / ingenious22.detrimental (adj.) 伤害的e.g.: Experiments demonstrate how detrimental picture are for beginner readers.23. consistent (adj.) 一致的，始终如一的e.g.: The research results were clear and consistent.→ consistency (n.)→反义inconsistent24. superior (adj.) 高级的，优质的e.g.: A word without a picture was superior to a word plus a picture.25. assess (v.) 评估，确定，评价e.g.: They have difficulty assessing its meaning.→ evaluate26.detailed (adj.) 详细的e.g.: Pictures in books should be less detailed.→specific (adj.) 详细且精确的，特别的e.g.: Concerns for specific issues is lower than in1990.→ explicit (adj.) 明晰的，清楚的e.g.: explicit guidelines27. expose (v.) 揭露，暴露e.g.: They are exposed to modern teaching techniques.→ exposure (n.)28.adjust (vi.) 适应，(vt.) 调整e.g.: Older readers are having difficulty in adjusting to texts without pictures.29. differ (v.) 不同，相异e.g.: The decline of literacy is seen in groups of differing ages and abilities.Reading Passage 3IN SEARCH OF THE HOLY GRAIL1.humanity (n.) 人性，人类e.g.: This project should open up new understanding of the ailments that afflict humanity.2. autoimmune (adj.) 自体免疫的e.g.: autoimmune disease→ auto – : self→ automatic (adj.)自动的autonomy (n.) 自治，独立autonomous (adj.) 独立的，自治的3.objective (n.) 目标，目的（adj.）客观的e.g.: The objective of the project is easy to state.→ object (v.) 反对4.gene (n.) 基因→ genetic (adj.)e.g.: the genetic defect5.conception (n.) 观念，想法e.g.: The genetic inheritance a baby receives from its parents at the moment of conception fixes muchof its later development.→ conceive (v.)6. characteristic (n.) 特点(adj.) 典型的e.g.: The genetic inheritance determines characteristics as varied as whether it will have blue eyes.The protein gives blood its characteristic red color.7. give rise to 导致e.g.: An error in a single ‘word’ can give rise to the crippling condition of cystic fibrosis.→ contribute to8.disorder (n.) 紊乱e.g.: a genetic disorder9. fatal (adj.) 致命的e.g.: The majority of the defects are fatal.→ deadly / lethal 致命的10conventional (adj.) 传统的e.g.: in the conventional sense→ convention (n.)11. preprogram (v.) 预编程序e.g.: The defect is preprogrammed into every cell of the sufferer’s body.→ pre-: before→ pre-school education pre-historic pre-dispose 有…的倾向，易患…病12.identify (v.) 认出，认明，识别e.g.: American researchers identified the genetic defect.13. underlie (v.) 形成…的潜在原因e.g.: The genetic defect underlies one type of muscular dystrophy.14. transmit (v.) 发射，传送，传输e.g.: The parents might be at risk of transmitting a single gene defect to any children that they conceive.15. apply (vi.) 适用(vt.) 应用e.g.: The techniques could be applied to a larger project.→ application (n.)16. fundamental (adj.) 基础的，基本的e.g.: at the most fundamental level17. generate (v.) 发生，产生e.g.: the new knowledge generated by the project→ generation (n.) generator (n.)18. diverse (adj.) 各色各样的，形形色色的e.g.: diverse diseases→ diversity (n.)→ variety19. discrimination (n.) 歧视e.g.: It holds the threat of creating new forms of discrimination.→ discriminate (v.)→ prejudice20. interaction (n.) 互动e.g.: the interaction between genes and the environment21. implication (n.) 暗示，暗指e.g.: What would be the implications if humanity were to understand the genetic construction?22. overshadow (v.) 使…蒙上阴影e.g.: The mastery of the power of the atom has shaped the destiny of nations and overshadowed all ourlives.→over - : too much。
英语雅思术语翻译第二讲3
英语雅思术语翻译第二讲3幻灯片1第二章术语翻译的原则、策略和方法Chapter TwoThe Principles 、Strategies & Methods of Terminology Translation幻灯片2第一节科技术语的翻译Section One The Translation ofScientific & Technological Terms●科技术语的构词特点● The Formation of of STT●科技术语翻译的原则● The Principles of Translating STT●科技术语翻译的策略和方法● The Strategies & Methods of Translating STT幻灯片3科技术语翻译的方法The Methods of Translating STT●科技术语翻译的异化和归化策略主要具体体现为以下方法：●“音译” Transliteration●“意译” Free translation /Liberal translation●“音意兼顾” Sound-meaning combination● translation●“形（象）译” Image translation幻灯片4科技术语翻译的方法The Methods of Translating STT1.“意译” Free /Liberal translation ：A.意译就是对原词所表达的具体事物和概念进行仔细推敲，以准确译出该词的科学概念。
幻灯片5科技术语翻译的方法The Methods of Translating STTB.意译就是根据原文术语的意思,运用汉语的构词要素,按照汉语的构词法则,译出相应的汉语术语。
它具有简洁、易记、见词明意之特点。
幻灯片6“意译” Liberal translation ●例如：● holography [h?'l?gr?f?] 全息摄影术●astrionics [,?str?'?n?ks] 宇航电子学●guided missile 导弹●aircraft carrier 航空母舰●Salt-former 卤素幻灯片7“意译” Libe ral translation Exercises:1. air-conditioning unit2. insufficient power3. gear box4. frequency modulation5. earth’s gravitational field6. antibiotic幻灯片8“意译” Liberal translation1.空气调节装置2.电源不足3.齿轮箱；变速箱4.调频5.地球引力场6.抗生素幻灯片9“意译” Liberal translation7. input8.high technology9.Camera Recorder (Camcorder) ['k?mk??d?]10.Bulletin Board System( BBS)11. knowledge economy12.videophone幻灯片10“意译” Liberal translation7.输入8.高科技9.摄录机10.电子公告板11.知识经济12.可视电话幻灯片11“意译” Liberal translation 13.Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) ['m?glev]14.foldback=fold+back15.downcast=down+cast16.droppage=drop+page)17.dyejigger=dye+jigger18.earphone=ear+phone幻灯片12“意译” Liberal translation13.磁悬浮列车14.返送（系统）15.下风井,通风坑16. 落下物17.卷染机18.耳机,听筒幻灯片13“意译” Liber al translation19.EBWR=experimental boiling water reactor20.pugmill=pug+mill21.pullman=pull+man22.EBIC=electron-beam-induced conductivity23.semiconductor=semi+conductor 幻灯片14“意译” Liberal translation19.实验性沸水反应堆20.搅土机21.普尔门式火车卧车22.电子束感应电导率23.半导体幻灯片15“意译” Liberal translation24.semicircumference=semi+ circumference [s?'k?mf?r?ns]25.tricar=tri+car26.turnbutton=turn+button27.warhead=war+head28. cybernetics幻灯片16“意译” Liberal translation24.半圆周25.三轮汽车26.旋钮27.(实弹)弹头28.控制论幻灯片17“意译” Liberal t ranslation29.noise suppressor30.noise elimination31.paper feed unit32.radarproof33.Black hole34.biological clock幻灯片18“意译” Liberal translation29. 消声器、噪声抑制器30. 消声31.输纸部件32.防雷达33.黑洞34.生物钟幻灯片19“意译” Liberal translation35.dew-point36.flow sheet37.heatwave38.hot-press39.software幻灯片20“意译” Liberal translation 35.露点36.流程图37.热浪38.热压39.软件幻灯片21“意译” Liberal translation40.reflex arc [ɑ?k]41.grey matter42.seed production43.available soil moisture44.microelectronics45.acid rain幻灯片22“意译” Liberal translation40.反射弧41.灰质42.良种繁育43.土壤有效水分44.微电子学45.酸雨幻灯片23“意译” Liberal translation46.white matter47.tympanitic [timp?‘nitik] cavity48.superconductivity49.underground fruiting of peanut50.evaluation of salt tolerance51.snow damage幻灯片24“意译” Liberal translation ● 46.白质● 47.鼓室● 48.超导性● 49.花生地下结实● 50.耐盐性鉴定● 51.雪害幻灯片25“意译” Liberal translation ●有三类科技术语常采用意译法：●● 1.合成词：由两个或两个以上旧词构成的复合词●skylab 太空实验室● friction factor 摩擦系数幻灯片26“意译” Liberal translation● 2.多义词：旧词转义，即通过赋予旧词以新义而构成新术语● bug 臭虫→窃听器computer 计算者→计算机幻灯片27“意译” Liberal translation● 3.派生词：在原有的词根上加前缀或后缀构成新术语● thermocouple 热电偶(测温元件)● voltmeter 电压表幻灯片28“意译” Liberal translation运用意译法翻译科技术语时,还可分别运用增词、减词、转换等技巧。
剑桥雅思听力场景核心词汇
Chapter 1 校园accommodation 住宿accounting 会计学admission qualification 入学资格anthropology 人类学archaeology考古学architecture 建筑学art and design 艺术与设计arts 艺术，文科astronomy 天文学attendance 出勤率auditorium 大礼堂banking 银行学be absent from school 缺课biochemistry 生物化学biology 生物学bioscience 生物科学botany 植物学business 商科campus 校园cheating 作弊chemistry 化学college clinic 大学医务室，医疗室commencement (美)高中毕业典礼，大学开始computer programming 计算机编程computer science 计算机科学course 课程credit 学分dismissal 开除dissertation （学位）论文dorm/dormitory 宿舍drop-out 退学，辍学ecology 生态学economics 经济学education 教育（学）electronics 电子学engineering 工程学enroll 登记，入学exam 考试fail 不及格finance 金融学genetics 遗传学geography 地理学geology 地质学grant 助学金，补助金history 历史hospitality 酒店管理学insurance 保险international student office 留学生处journalism 新闻学laboratory/lab 实验室law 法学lecture theatre 大教室，阶梯教室life science 生命科学linguistics 语言学literature 文学mathematics 数学microbiology 微生物学opening ceremony 开学典礼oral test 口试orientation 方向paper 论文philosophy 哲学physics 物理学physiology 生物学plant pathology 植物病理学politics 政治学psychology心理学register 登记，注册required/compulsory course 必修课scholarship 奖学金school administration committee 校务委员会score 分数selective/elective/optional course 选修课social facilities available on the campus 校园公共设施society 学生社团，团体sociology 社会学statistics 统计学student account 银行中的学生账户student hostel 学生公寓Students' Club 学生俱乐部Students' Union 学生会teaching building 教学楼textbook 教科书the letter of acceptance 录取通知书the Student Union Building 学生会大楼the Union Cafeteria 学生会餐厅thesis 学位论文transcript 成绩单tuition 学费University Medical Service 大学医疗服务written material 书面作业written test 笔试zoology 动物学Chapter 2 图书馆author 作者book list 书目catalogue 目录City Central Library 城市中心图书馆entrance 入口extension 续借期floor 层general information desk 总信息台government archives 政府档案馆government publications 政府出版物initial loan period 首期租借时间inter-library loan service 图书馆馆际互借服务library 图书馆library card/call slip 借书证library classification 图书馆分类法library rule 图书馆规则library structure 图书馆结构literature 文献资料loan period 租借期限membership number 会员证号码name of book 书名on the shelf 在书架上order 预定，预借out on loan 已出借overdue notices 过期通知photocopy room 影印室press 印刷publication date 出版日期publishing company 出版社reading room 阅览室reference 参考书目renew 续借reserve on the item 预借这本书/预先登记restroom 休息室return area 还书区return books on time 及时还书standard works 标准出版物time of publication 出版时间title of the book 书名Chapter 3 银行account 户头ATM(automatic teller machine )自动柜台机balance 余额，结余bank 银行bank remittance 银行汇款bank statement 银行报告，银行结单bankbook 银行存折banking service system 银行服务系统be eligible for opening a student account 有资格开学生账户branch 银行分行check 支票cheque account 支票账户cheque-book 支票簿close an account 销银行账户current account 活期存款账户deposit (saving ) 存款deposit account 定期存款账户electronic transfer 电汇eligible 有资格的e-payment 电子付费fill in an application form 填一份申请表high interest 高息installment 分期付款interest rate 利率interest 利息interest-free 免息的keep money 存钱loan 贷款low-interest loan 低息贷款major bank 大银行method of payment 支付手段money order 汇款单，汇票no-interest loan 无息贷款offer 出价，提议open a bank account 开银行账户overdrawn 透支payment 支付sign on the form 在表格上签字signature 签名student account 学生账户student banking 学生银行student loan 学生贷款signature 签名transmission fee 交易费transmission 交易withdraw cash 提取现金Chapter 4 租房住宿a furnished flat 带家具的公寓apartment (美)公寓住宅balcony 阳台bath towel 浴巾bathtub 浴缸bed linen 床单等床上用品bill （水、电费等）账单bills extra 不包水电等的费用bills included 包水电等的费用blanket 毛毯blind (shutter)百叶窗cabinet （有抽屉或格子的）橱柜cable TV 有线电视ceiling 天花板central heating 中央供暖cooking utensils 烹饪用具couch 长沙发courtyard 庭院，院子double room 双人房（一张双人床）downtown 闹市区entrance hall 门厅，大堂fire/emergency door 紧急出口fire extinguisher 灭火器flat (英)公寓住宅fridge/refrigerator 电冰箱guest room 客房hall of residence 学生宿舍homestay/familystay 住在当地人家里host family 接待留学生的家庭house 房子，住宅house owner 房主housing rules 住宿规则inn （乡村或公路边的）客栈kitchen utensils 厨房用具landlady 女房东landlord 房东lay a carpet 铺地毯lodge （游览区的）旅馆mattress 床垫，床褥metropolitan area 市中心地区microwave oven 微波炉move-in data 入住日期move-in notice 入住通知office block 办公大楼outlet (power point )插座passageway 过道，出入口pillow case 枕套porch 门廊（在建筑物的入口，屋顶突出之处）real-estate agency 房地产中介rent receipt 租金收据rural area 农村地区shared kitchen 公用厨房shower set 淋浴设备single room 单人房sink 水槽stove 炉子suburb 市郊switch 开关；打开/关闭开关tavern 酒馆，客栈tenant 房客type of accommodation 住房类型vacuum cleaner 吸尘器wardrobe 衣柜washing machine and dryer 洗衣机和烘干机Chapter 5 医疗保健a first-aid bandage 急救绷带a sore throat 嗓子疼a stabbing pain 剧痛，刺痛ache 疼痛acupuncture针灸antibiotic 抗生素aspirin 阿司匹林backache 背痛break 折断bruise 淤伤，擦伤campus clinic 学校诊所capsule 胶囊checkup 体检chemical therapy 化疗chemist's (drugstore) 药店chronic 慢性病；慢性的community hospital 社区医院consult 请教，咨询consulting hours 就诊时间cough 咳嗽cure 治疗，痊愈；药物dentist 牙医diagnosis 诊断diarrhea 腹泻disinfection 消毒（作用）dizzy 头晕的dose 剂量，给服药drowsy 困倦的，昏昏欲睡的epidemic 流行病；流行的exhaustion 精疲力竭eyedrop 眼药水faint 昏晕，昏倒fatigue 疲乏，疲劳feeble 虚弱的fever 发烧flu/influenza 流感food poison 食物中毒fracture 骨折grinding toothache 阵阵牙疼headache 头痛heal 治愈，复原health center 健康中心herbal medicine 草药injection 注射insomnia 失眠症medicine 药物mental stress 精神压力oculist 眼科医生operation 手术optic 眼的，视觉的painkiller 镇痛药patient 病人penicillin 青霉素physical therapy 理疗physician 内科医生prescribe 开（处方）runny nose 流鼻涕shock 休克sleeping pill 安眠药small pox 天花sprain 扭伤stomachache 胃痛stuffed nose 鼻塞sunstroke/headstroke 中暑surgeon 外科医生swell 肿胀symptom 症状take one's blood pressure 量血压therapy 治疗traditional Chinese medicine 中药transfusion 输血，输液ulcer 溃疡vaccine 疫苗vitamin 维生素wound 创伤，伤口Chapter 6 旅游度假air host/hostess 空中先生/小姐airport and ticket booking 机场及订票airways 航空公司amusement park 游乐园barbecue 烤肉野餐beach 海滩，沙滩boarding card 登机牌botanical garden 植物园camping 露营check in 入住旅馆；办理登机手续coach 长途客车desert 沙漠diving 潜水ETA (estimated time of arrival )预计到达时间ETD(estimated time of departure ) 预计起飞时间excursion 远足，短程旅行expedition 远征，探险express train 快速列车fare 车费gorge 峡谷heath resort 健身修假地hiking 徒步旅行hill 小山，丘陵historical site 历史景点holiday 节日，假期horse riding 骑马itinerary 路线，旅行日程journey 旅行，旅程keepsake 纪念品knick-knack 小饰品local guide 地陪，当地导游luggage 行李mountain bike 山地自行车names of tour 旅游项目outing 短途外出park 公园resort 常去的地方，胜地safari park 野生（狩猎）动物园scenery 风景sightseeing 观光Sydney Opera House 悉尼歌剧院tourist 游客travel agency 旅行社view 景色，风景wildlife park 野生动物园Chapter 7 饮食afternoon tea 下午茶appetite 食欲，胃口bacon 熏肉，咸肉bakery 面包店banquet 宴会bean sprouts 豆芽beer 啤酒bill 账单book a table 预订餐桌brandy 白兰地bread 面包breakfast 早餐brisket 牛腩cafeteria 自助餐厅carrot 胡萝卜chicken 鸡肉Chinese food 中餐coffee 咖啡congee 粥cookie 曲奇，小甜饼corn 玉米cucumber 黄瓜fish 鱼fork 叉子ham 火腿hotdog 热狗main course 主菜menu 菜单milk 牛奶napkin 餐巾onion 洋葱pea 豌豆pie 馅饼pizza 比萨饼pizzeria 比萨饼店plate 盘子pudding 布丁ready-to-eat section 快餐部refreshment 点心，饮料roast duck 烤鸭salad 色拉sandwich 三明治seafood 海鲜soup 汤tea 茶turkey 火鸡vitamin 维生素walnut 核桃watermelon 西瓜whiskey 威士忌Chapter 8 环境保护acid rain 酸雨air pollution 空气污染air quality 空气质量atmosphere 大气，大气层carbon dioxide 二氧化碳cause 导致，引起climatic issues 气候问题coal 煤deforestation 采伐森林desertification荒漠化，沙漠化ecological balance 生态平衡ecosystem 生态系统EL Nino phenomenon 厄尔尼诺现象endangered species 濒临灭绝的物种energy 能量environment 自然环境environment health 环境卫生environmental pollution 环境污染fog 雾global warming 全球变暖greenhouse effect 温室效应nature conservation 自然保护non-renewable resources 不可再生资源oxygen 氧气ozone layer 臭氧层population growth 人口增长reduce the amount of noise 减少噪音量shortage of water resource 水资源短缺sustainable development 可持续发展water losses and soil erosion 水土流失wildlife conservation 野生动物保护Chapter 9 动物animal books 关于动物的书籍animal 动物ant 蚂蚁bat 蝙蝠bear 熊bee 蜜蜂beetle 甲壳虫chimpanzee 黑猩猩cobra 眼镜蛇deer 鹿demonstration of fishing 观鱼表演demonstration of tiger/crocodile 老虎/鳄鱼表演donkey 驴子dragonfly 蜻蜓elephant 大象falcon 猎鹰firefly 萤火虫fish farm 养鱼场forest area 森林区fox 狐狸giraffe 长颈鹿goat 山羊leopard 豹lion 狮子main attraction 主要景点migratory birds 候鸟non-open time 非开放时间parrot 鹦鹉Rare animal area 珍奇动物区rare fish 珍奇鱼species （动植物的）物种，种tiger 虎wild zoo 野生动物园wildcat 野猫wildlife 野生动物zoo 动物园Chapter 10 求职面试applicant 申请人appoint 指派，委派ask information about 询问有关……的信息assignment 任务，工作boss 老板candidate 候选人career 职业cashier 收银员certificate 证书，证明coffee time 喝咖啡的休息时间commission 佣金department manager 部门经理experienced 有经验的，熟手的fill in the form 填表formal clothe 正式服装full-time job 全职工作go for an interview 参加面试I have 4 weeks' holiday 我有4周（带薪）假期international company 国际公司interview 被面试者interviewer 面试官job arrangements and benefits 工作安排和待遇job responsibilities 工作职责lunch time 午餐时间office room 办公室part-time job 兼职工作personnel manager 人事经理qualification 资历，资格routine work 日常工作salary 薪水，薪金shop assistant 营业员vacant position 待遇职位，职位空缺wage 工资，报酬，酬金window dressing （商店的）橱窗布置，橱窗装饰，摆橱窗working experience 工作经验。
(完整版)雅思常用词汇及短语
常用词汇及短语：社会的发展 social development/evolvement生活水平的提高 improvement of life standard社会地位 social status/standing科技进展 technological advancement当今社会 present-day society目前的…的趋势 the current trend of …吸引来自…的注意力 draw/get attention from …智力 intelligence品德 morality高等教育 higher education大学学位 university degree大学文凭 university diploma阻碍智力的发展 impede one’s intellectual development…在…中起重要作用… play(s) an important role in ……对于…有积极/消极影响… have a positive/negative effect on …就…而言in terms of …导致 lead to/result i n …促进 contribute to …制定目标 set a goal实现梦想 achieve/realize your dream/goal/objective梦想着… dream about … dream about doing …千载难逢的机会 once-in-a—lifetime opportunity克服对…造成的障碍 overcome the obstacles to …在极端情况下 in extreme cases以…的结局收场 end up with …责任感 sense of responsibility成就感 sense of achievement幽默感 sense of humor存在 exist（动词) existence(名词）解决这个问题 solve this problem一个解决问题的高手 an excellent problem—solver致力于做… aim to …做某事的能力the ability to do …做某事的欲望the desire to do …做某事的愿望the wish to do …做某事的冲动the urge to do …开始认识到（强调以前没意识到) come to realize …意识到 be aware of …对…有更好的了解have a better understanding of …开阔我们的眼界 broaden our scope of mind作出一切可能的努力 make every effort possible取得很大进步 make great progress持续前进 keep moving forward放弃学习 give up lea rning …坚持目标 stick to one’s goal成功做成某事succeed in doing …做某事有很大困难have great difficulty in doing …消费观念 notions of consumption购买力 purchase power改变现状 change the status quo满足… be content with …抵制…的诱惑 resist the temptation to …对…保持消息畅通 keep/stay informed of …交通阻塞 traffic congestion交通工具 means/mode of transport解释…的原因 account for …占有…的比例 account for + 百分比就…而言 in terms of …趋向于tend to …（弱势群体）易受…的伤害… be vulnerable to …似乎是it seems that … (用来表达自己不太确定的观点或委婉表达自己的观点）同意，赞成… in favor of …沉浸于…中 indulge/immerse oneself into …保持学习与娱乐的平衡 strike a balance between study and entertainment 对… 有益 be good for … be beneficial to …对… 有害be harmful to … do harm to … be bad for …促进社会发展 promote social development改善人民社会水平raise/improve people’s life stan dard因特网 the Internet （字母i大写）社交网络 social networking虚拟的空间 virtual space/cyber world充满虚伪和欺诈 filled with deceptions and cheating分享照片share pictures with …关注某人follow …摆脱get rid of …/get away from …恶性循环 vicious cycle西方 the West东方 the East有影响力的 influential对…上瘾 be addicted to从本质上来讲 by nature跟上…的节奏keep pace with …对…的态度attitude toward/to …对…持肯定的态度hold a positive attitude toward/to …不可否认 undoubtedly/doubtless思维方式 way of thinking生活方式 way of life/living电子设备 digital device热衷于做… be passionate/crazy about doing …be obsessed with …犯罪率 criminal rate从这个角度来看 from this perspective从这个意义上来说 in this sense积极的认识态度 optimistic attitude to life沟通技能 communicative skills满足人们对…的需求 meet people’s need/demand for …（demand指的是“硬性、强烈的需求")对…造成危害 cause damage to …中枪 under criticism对…负责 take responsibility for …将…纳入考虑范围中 take … into account/consideration对…感到腻了 be fed up with …寻找，搜寻 in search of以…为骄傲 take pride in …转折点 turning point在…的边缘 on the brink of …法制 rule of law跨国企业 multinational corporation创业精神 entrepreneurism错误的观念/想法 misconception/myth一系列的 a wide range of少之又少的 few and far between失业率 unemployment rate对…乐观 be optimistic about1. When it comes to urbanization/abortion …， most people hold the view that …（谈到某话题的时候，大多数人认为。
英语雅思术语翻译第二讲4
幻灯片1第二章术语翻译的原则、策略和方法Chapter TwoThe Principles Strategies & Methods of TT第一节科技术语 (Scientific &Technological Terms)第二节文化术语 (Cultural Terms)第三节法律术语 (Legal Terms)第四节商务术语 (Business Terms)1XISU幻灯片2第二节文化术语翻译Section TwoTranslation of Cultural Terms2XISU幻灯片3Section TwoTranslation of Cultural Terms1.The Definition of Culture2.Culture Comparison betweenChina and the West3.Characteristics of Cultural Terms4. The Analects of Confucius3XISU幻灯片41.The Definition of Culture●OALED (Oxford Advanced Learner‘s English-Chinese Dictionary）●There are seven definitions as follows:4XISU幻灯片51.The Definition of Culture● 1.[U](a) refined understanding and appreciation of art, literature, etc.文化（对于文艺等的深刻的了解和鉴赏）●(b) (often derogatory常作贬义)art, literature, etc. collectively文化（文学、艺术等的总称）5XISU幻灯片61.The Definition of Culture● 2.[U]state of intellectual development of a society文化（一个社会智力发展的状况）● 3.[U, C] particular form of intellectual expression, e.g. in art and literature文化（智力表现的形式，如体现于文艺方面）6XISU幻灯片71.The Definition of Culture● 4.[U, C] customs, arts, social institutions, etc. of a particular group of people文化（某群体或民族的风俗、人文现象、社会惯例等）● 5.[U]development through training, exercise, treatment, etc.锻炼、训练、修养7XISU幻灯片81.The Definition of Culture● 6.[U]growing of plants or rearing of certain types of animals (e.g. bees,silkworms, etc.) to obtain a crop or improve the species（植物的）栽培；（动物、如蜂、蚕等，良种的）培育●7.[C](biology生)group of bacteria grown for medical or scientific study培养的细菌8XISU幻灯片91.The Definition of Culture●根据《现代汉语词典》，“文化”有三个定义：● 1.人类在社会历史发展过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和，特指精神财富，如文学、艺术、教育、科学等；9XISU幻灯片101.The Definition of Culture● 2.考古学用语，指同一历史时期的不以分布地点为转移的遗迹、遗物的综合体。
雅思专题词汇
1HOUSE-RENTINGPeoplelandlord / landlady (女)房东tenant房客agent/agency中介host family接待家庭guest客人neighbour邻居Feesrent 租金deposit 押金utility bills 水电费water / gas / electricity / telephone billweekly / monthly每周的 / 每月的refundable可退回的insurance保险contract合同，合约Locationdowntown / city centre市中心suburbs / outskirts 郊区urban/rural area市区 / 郊县north北, south南, east东, west西northwest西北；southwest西南northeast东北；southeast东南northern北边的road / street / avenue街道Accommodationproperty房产guest house招待所homestay 寄宿家庭flat / apartment公寓studio apartment单身公寓single room单人间twin room 双人间（两个床）triple room 三人间Dietrefreshments / snack点心special food / dietary requirement对于食物特殊要求food allergies / be allergic to 对…食物过敏vegetarian素食主义者seafood海鲜Facility / Equipment / Apparatusliving room客厅dining room饭厅kitchen厨房kitchen-diner 在英国英语里，厨房餐厅在一起叫kitchen-diner（20世纪用语，已过时）bathroom卫生间garden花园yard庭院cloakroom衣帽间study书房garage 车库car park 停车场lift电梯fire gate/exit紧急出口air conditioner / conditioning 空调heating取暖closed-circuit TV / video surveillance 闭路电视/监控系统2TRAVELLINGTravel arrangementtravel agency旅行社tour guide导游guided tours带导游的旅行reserve/reservation预定book/booking预定recreation/ entertainment/ leisure娱乐Tourist Attractionhighlight热点rainforest雨林swamp / marsh 沼泽wetland湿地desert沙漠grassland草原bush灌木丛waterfall 瀑布viewpoint 观景点，制高点viewing shelter观景棚historic(al) interest历史遗迹castle城堡cathedral大教堂botanical garden植物园art gallery画廊museum博物馆ancient temple古寺theme park主题公园organic farm有机农场aquarium水族馆undersea worlds海底世界amusement park游乐园orchard果园beach / coast/ shore沙滩、海滨hot spring温泉water mill水力发电站dock港口dam水坝footbridge人行小桥Great Barrier Reef大堡礁Stonehenge巨石阵Sydney Opera House悉尼歌剧院Tower of London伦敦塔Activitiesbushwalk林中漫步hiking徒步旅行trekking跋涉camping野营campsite营地cycling骑自行车rock climbing / cliff walks攀岩Entertainmentmusical instrument乐器keyboard键盘piano钢琴；pianist钢琴家string instrument弦乐器violin小提琴；violinist小提琴家cello大提琴；cellist大提琴家guitar吉他；guitarist吉他手flute笛子drum鼓pop流行音乐jazz爵士乐folk民谣easy listening轻音乐classical古典音乐live music现场音乐disco跳舞厅pub酒吧clubhouse会所concert hall音乐厅opera house歌剧院karaoke bars卡拉OK concert音乐会cinema电影院Studio Theatre演播剧场theatre剧院theatrical events戏剧theatre 剧院exhibition展览department stores百货商场Transportationvehicle车辆four-wheel drive四驱车jeep吉普车minibus中巴coach长途客车railway station火车站Central Station中央车站airport机场river cruise游艇游览helicopter直升飞机shuttle bus班车cab / taxi计程车3MEMBERSHIPDivisionssports club健身俱乐部fitness centre健身俱乐部gym健身房reception前台locker room更衣室keep-fit studio健身室dance studio舞蹈教室tennis court网球场swimming pool游泳池salad bar沙拉吧Staffreceptionist前台接待人员coach/trainer教练instructor指导教练dietician饮食专家internal member内部人员external member外部人员Registrationapplication form申请表reference number档案号passport photo护照照片documents for ID/ ID card证明文件driver’s license驾照passport护照student card学生证bank statement银行对账单utility bills (water, electricity, phone, gas)水电费账单reference letter from employer雇主证明信joining fee入会费annual fee年费SportsTEAM SPORTSsoccer/ football足球beach volleyball沙滩排球basketball篮球baseball棒球hockey曲棍球handball手球BALL GAMESgolf高尔夫badminton羽毛球table tennis乒乓球RACKET BALLtennis网球squash壁球EXERCISEboxing拳击kick-boxing搏击judo柔道yoga瑜伽jogging慢跑aerobics有氧运动stretch class拉伸运动4CARmake 牌子model 型号manufacturer 厂商engine size排量 (litre升, cc)gear change 变速器manual 手动挡automatic 自动挡top speed 最高速mileage 里程数instrument panel 仪表盘frame 车架wheel (front, rear) 车轮（前轮，后轮）steering wheel方向盘car bumper保险杠insurance company 保险公司Rolls-Royce 劳斯莱斯part exchange 部分抵换5BANKINGPaymentcash现金check(cheque)支票credit card 信用卡(VISA, MASTER, American Express)Currencyforeign currency 外汇exchange rate 汇率pound ￡dollar $euro €Opening an accountcurrent account 活期账户deposit account定期账户joint account 联合账户instant account 速成账户select account 高级账户opening sum 开户额identity security身份认证bank statement 银行对账单Transactiondeposit 存款withdraw (withdrawal) 取款overdraft/ overdraw 透支balance 余额interest 利息interest rate 利率teller 出纳transfer 转账loan贷款名词后缀-ster, -eer, -er, -or从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人gamester 赌徒gangster 歹徒、流氓engineer 工程师profiteer 奸商；谋取暴利的人mountaineer 登山家auctioneer 拍卖商▼-ee被…的人；与…有关的人employee 被雇佣者，员工interviewee 受采访者refugee 难民▼-ful充满…所需的量mouthful 一口spoonful 一勺▼-age程度，数量等wastage 损耗coverage 覆盖范围acreage 面积shrinkage 收缩程度breakage 破坏，破损▼-let小或者不重要的东西booklet 小册子leaflet 传单starlet 小星星▼-al…的动作或过程arrival 到达refusal 拒绝revival 复活recital 朗诵removal 移动▼-hood表示时期、状态、团体boyhood 少年时代womanhood 女人气质neighborhood 街坊；附近▼-ship才能、状态、资格、品质等leadership 领导能力friendship 友谊membership 会员资格sportsmanship 运动员精神▼动词后缀-ify, -ize, -en转变为，使变得，…化beautify 美化diversify 使多样化simplify 简化modernize 使现代化popularize 使通俗化legalize 使合法化ripen 使成熟widen 使变宽heighten 使变高▼-ate增加，使…evaporate 使蒸发、消失validate使生效▼形容词后缀-ly有…品质的manly 男子气概的brotherly 兄弟般的friendly 友好的▼-like像…的childlike 像孩子一样的statesmanlike 有政治家风度的tiger-like 像虎的▼-y, -ish有...特征的silky 丝绸般的leafy 多叶的hairy 多毛的foolish 愚蠢的girlish 像女孩子一样的▼-some有…倾向的；引起…的troublesome 引起麻烦的wholesome 有益健康的tiresome 令人厌烦的▼-ed有…的wooded 树木繁茂的pointed 突出的bearded 有胡子的one-shaped 锥形的▼-less没有，无breathless 上气不接下气speechless 说不出话的childless 无子女的harmless 无害的hopeless 毫无希望的meaningless 没有意义的▼副词后缀-ward(s)表示方式或动作的方向onward(s) 向前地backward(s) 向后地homeward(s) 向家地▼-wise按照...方式；...方面的clockwise 顺时针地weather-wise 就天气而言Career-wise 从职业角度来看。
雅思口语part2词汇
雅思口语part2词汇雅思口语part2是关于个人经历或观点的描述题目，需要考生在2分钟内准备并展开自己的回答。
以下是一些在雅思口语part2中常用的词汇，供你参考：1. Experience（经历）:Memorable（难忘的）。
Exciting（令人兴奋的）。
Challenging（具有挑战性的）。
Inspiring（鼓舞人心的）。
Unforgettable（难以忘怀的）。
Life-changing（改变生活的）。
Impactful（有影响力的）。
Educational（有教育意义的）。
2. Travel（旅行）:Adventure（冒险）。
Explore（探索）。
Discover（发现）。
Culture（文化）。
Landscape（风景）。
Cuisine（美食）。
Sightseeing（观光）。
Relaxation（放松）。
3. Hobbies and Interests（爱好和兴趣）:Photography（摄影）。
Music（音乐）。
Sports（运动）。
Reading（阅读）。
Cooking（烹饪）。
Painting（绘画）。
Gardening（园艺）。
Dancing（跳舞）。
4. Education（教育）: School（学校）。
University（大学）。
Degree（学位）。
Major（专业）。
Knowledge（知识）。
Skills（技能）。
Research（研究）。
Graduation（毕业）。
5. Future Plans（未来计划）: Career（职业）。
Ambition（抱负）。
Goals（目标）。
Success（成功）。
Further Education（继续教育）。
Job Market（就业市场）。
Entrepreneurship（创业）。
Personal Development（个人发展）。
6. Technology（科技）:Internet（互联网）。
掌握雅思听力考试中的常见词汇和短语
掌握雅思听力考试中的常见词汇和短语雅思听力考试是众多考生备考雅思的重中之重，而在雅思听力考试中，掌握常见的词汇和短语是非常关键的。
本文将为大家介绍一些常见的雅思听力考试词汇和短语，帮助大家更好地备考。
一、词汇1. acquire 翻译：获得；考试中常见用法：acquire knowledge（获得知识）2. adapt 翻译：适应；考试中常见用法：adapt to new environment（适应新环境）3. analysis 翻译：分析；考试中常见用法：do an analysis（进行分析）4. approach 翻译：方法；考试中常见用法：different approaches（不同的方法）5. assess 翻译：评估；考试中常见用法：assess the situation（评估情况）6. benefit 翻译：受益；考试中常见用法：benefit from（从中受益）7. circumstance 翻译：环境；考试中常见用法：in certain circumstances（在某些环境下）8. comprehend 翻译：理解；考试中常见用法：fully comprehend（充分理解）9. concept 翻译：概念；考试中常见用法：the concept of（某个概念）10. conclude 翻译：得出结论；考试中常见用法：conclude that（得出结论）二、短语1. a wide range of 翻译：广泛的；考试中常见用法：a wide range of choices（广泛的选择）2. on the contrary 翻译：相反；考试中常见用法：on the contrary, it is true（相反，事实是如此）3. take into account 翻译：考虑到；考试中常见用法：take into account different factors（考虑到不同的因素）4. be aware of 翻译：意识到；考试中常见用法：be aware of the importance（意识到重要性）5. in conclusion 翻译：最后；考试中常见用法：in conclusion, it can be said that（最后，可以说）6. face the challenge 翻译：面对挑战；考试中常见用法：face the challenge bravely（勇敢面对挑战）7. play a crucial role 翻译：起着关键作用；考试中常见用法：play a crucial role in（在……中起着关键作用）8. make a difference 翻译：产生影响；考试中常见用法：make a difference to（对……产生影响）9. have access to 翻译：可以获得；考试中常见用法：have access to information（可以获得信息）10. be exposed to 翻译：接触到；考试中常见用法：be exposed to different cultures（接触到不同的文化）三、总结通过掌握雅思听力考试中的常见词汇和短语，同学们可以更好地理解和应对考试内容。
雅思阅读词汇带翻译
雅思阅读词汇带翻译雅思阅读必备词汇带翻译店铺考雅思，要想在阅读方面拿到好的成绩，多积累词汇量是必须的，那么现在来学习下面的一些雅思阅读必备词汇吧，希望对大家能够有所帮助。
雅思阅读必备词汇state n. 情形, 状态, 国家, 政府, 州 vt.声明, 陈述, 规定statement n.声明, 陈述special adj.特别的, 特殊的, 专门的especially adv.尤其，特别specialization n.特殊化, 专门化specialise v.专业化，专门研究specialised adj. 专门的, 专科的specialist n. 专家speciality n.特性, 特质, 专业specify vt.指定, 详细说明specific adj.详细而精确的, 明确的specifically adv.特定的, 明确的species n.种类differ vi.不同difference n.差异, 差别different adj.不同的differentiate v.区别, 区分雅思阅读实用词汇staff n. 全体职员contradict vt.同...矛盾contradiction n.反驳, 矛盾contrary adj.相反的, 逆的'contrast vt.使与...对比 n.对比, 对照claim n.(根据权利提出)要求, 主张 vt.(根据权利)要求, 主张claimant n.(根据权利)提出要求者reclaim vt.要求归还，开垦reclamation n.收回，开垦similar adj.相似的, 类似的similarly adv.同样地, 类似于similarity n.类似, 类似处assimilation n.同化evidence n.明显, 显著，证据evident adj.明显的, 显然的major n. 主修课 adj.主修的，主要的 vi.主修majority n.多数, 大半雅思阅读词汇带翻译further adj.更远的, 更多的 vt.促进, 增进, 助长furthermore adv.此外, 而且involve t.包括,使陷于involvement n.连累, 包含revolve v.旋转revolution n.革命，旋转revolutionary adj.革命的，全新的 n.革命者revolutionise vt.使彻底改变evolve vt. (使)进化, (使)发展evolution n. 进化, 发展evolutionary adj.进化的complete adj.全部的, 完全的 vt.完成, 使完善completely adv.十分, 完全地completion n.完成accomplish vt.完成，实现accomplishment n.完成，成就。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
幻灯片1第二章术语翻译的原则、策略和方法Chapter TwoThe Principles Strategies & Methods of TT第一节科技术语 (Scientific & Technological Terms)第二节文化术语 (Cultural Terms)第三节法律术语 (Legal Terms)第四节商务术语 (Business Terms)1XISU幻灯片2第二节文化术语翻译Section TwoTranslation of Cultural Terms2XISU幻灯片3第二节文化术语翻译5. 中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items6. 中国高校校名的翻译The Translation of Names for Chinese Universities and Colleges3XISU幻灯片45.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items------以林语堂的Moment in Peking《京华烟云》为例4XISU幻灯片55.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●一、简单补偿●二、详细补偿●三、文化视角5XISU幻灯片65.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●Moment in Peking《京华烟云》是林语堂用英语创作的第一部长篇小说,于1939年在美国由赛珍珠丈夫华尔希的John Day公司出版,书名为:Moment in Peking: A novel of contemporary Chinese life。
6XISU幻灯片75.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●林语堂是一位脚踏东西文化的双语作家,纯熟的英语使得他有能力用英文来写作。
●1935年他的第一部英文作品My Country and My People(《吾国吾民》)，The Importanceof Life(《生活的艺术》)等出版后都也成为美国当时的畅销书。
7XISU幻灯片85.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●小说Moment in Peking(《京华烟云》)约60多万字,由故事情节相连的Book I TheDaughters of a Taoist《道家女儿》, Book II Tragedy in the Garden《庭园悲剧》和Book III The Song of Autumn《秋之歌》三部组成。
8XISU幻灯片95.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●这部小说涉及了许许多多与中国文化相关的因素,主要包括传统风俗习惯、中国特有事物、日常饮食、中医养生、文学传统、历史典故等等。
9XISU幻灯片105.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●所谓“文化特色词”即“在文本中出现的某些项目,由于在目标读者的文化系统中不存在对应项目或者与该项目不同的文本地位,因此其在源文中的功能和含义转移到译文时发生翻译困难”[2](胡开宝,2006:55)。
简单说来,文化特色词就是用于表示某一文化中特有事物的词或词组。
10XISU幻灯片115.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●《京华烟云》里众多与中国文化相关的词汇最初是以中文的形式出现在作者脑中, 林语堂是对汉语文化特色词汇的翻译有多种策略,其中最为常见的、也是很重要的是文化补偿策略。
11XISU幻灯片125.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●文化补偿策略分为简单补偿和详细补偿两种形式。
●简单补偿是指直接在某个文化特色词后面加以简短的解释,而详细补偿是指专门用一个甚至几个段落来解释某一种文化现象。
●中医传统术语和理念●木兰出嫁的场景12XISU幻灯片135.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●一、简单补偿● 1.音译+(or)+文化补偿●能够保留汉语的表达;●以简短的篇幅达到传播中国传统文化的●目的;●传播中国文化的同时又不妨碍读者的顺●畅阅读。
13XISU幻灯片145.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●例1:Mulan was carried into the mother’s room, where the grandmother wasanxiously waiting, and laid on the kang, or earthen bed.14XISU幻灯片155.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●例2:On the day of kaitiao, or receiving guests who came to pay respects to thedeceased [dɪ'siːst] , there would have to be a man to receive the guests, and what was more important, to stand at the side of the coffin and return the low bow when the guests bowed three times to the coffin.15XISU幻灯片165.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●例3:Second, because she believed in tsunghsi, or confronting an evil by a happyevent, in short, having the wedding while the boy was ill.16XISU幻灯片175.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●例4:In time, the mother began soon to look upon Tijien as a yuanchia,“apredetermined enemy”, as quarrelsome or fickle lovers fondly say, or as a son sent by fate to exact repayment of a debt that she had owed somebody in a previous incarnation [ɪnkɑː'neɪʃ(ə)n] , or, in plain terms, a son destined to squander ['skwɒndə] the family fortune.17XISU幻灯片185.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●chieh,or meritorious [,merɪ'tɔːrɪəs] widowhood;●tseng or meritorious [,merɪ'tɔːrɪəs] virginity [və'dʒɪnɪtɪ] ;●贞；洁（值得赞扬）18XISU幻灯片195.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items● 2.其它形式的简单补偿●“直译+文化补偿”●为了对西方读者思维中缺失的文化因素进行补偿,林语堂采用了直译结合解释的方法来处理一些中国文化特色词。
●“直译+文化置换”19XISU幻灯片205.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●例5: On the third day Mrs. Yao called in a blind astrologer and asked him abouta lost child. She gave him the “eight character,” consisting of the hour,day, month, and year of Mulan’s birth, each presented by two characters of the Celestial [sɪ'lestɪəl] and Terrestrial [tə'restrɪəl] Cycles.20XISU幻灯片215.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●例6: Mulan (magnolia) was the name of a Chinese Joan of Arc, celebrated in awell-known poem, who took her father’s place as a general in an army campaign for twelve years without being recognized and then returned to put on rouge [ruːʒ] and powder and to dress as a woman again.21XISU幻灯片225.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●二、详细补偿●Book one, Chapter VII●So when she went to the Tseng’s home and learned of the prescription, sherecognized it as the characteristic treatment for the beginning of shanghan, and told her parents so on her return.●之后用一个两百多字的段落用来解释“伤寒、阴阳”22XISU幻灯片235.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●例7:By classical education is not meant her knowledge of books, which was onlya minor part of it, but knowledge of manners and proper behavior, as embodiedin the well-established four phases of woman’s training: “woman’s character, woman’s speech, woman’s appearance, and woman’s accomplishments.”23XISU幻灯片245.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●“Mannia was a simple small-town girl. Brought up by her Confucian father, shehad a complete girl’s education of the classical type”●妇德(Woman’s character)、●妇言(woman’s speech)、●妇容( woman’s appearance)、●妇工(woman’s accomplishments)24XISU幻灯片255.中国文化特色词的补偿翻译The Compensation Technique ofChinese Culture-specific Items●Book one最后一章中,对木兰出嫁、对这场北京的空前壮观的婚礼的描述,其中包括房子的布置装饰,三尺高的红蜡烛,墙上的红丝绸幛子;送喜帖,收礼金礼物,给仆人赏钱,雇戏班子,安排花轿,送嫁妆等等,作者通过使用详细补偿这一翻译和写作策略,详尽地记录了中国婚俗中常用的事物、风俗和习惯。