名词的数和所有格
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一、名词的数
1.单数和复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:
规则变化:
(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,
pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。
(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。
(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。
但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys,
day→days。
(5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes (6)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves,half→halves。不规则变化:
例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。
2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法
a cup of tea → two cups of tea
a piece of paper → four pieces of paper
a bottle of milk → five bottles of milk
随堂练习
一.写出下列单词的复数形式
boy______ peach________ knife_________ child____________ woman________ tooth________ bus___________ baby_____________
fox__________ dish_________ tomato________ hero_____________ 二.用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.Give me two_________(glass) of milk, please.
2.How many ___________(people)are there in your family.
3.How many ____________(watch) are there in your shop.
4.Where are the ____________(mouse) ?
5.Those_____________(pair) of shoes for your mother.
二、名词的所有格
名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,表示所属关系。
1. 不以s结尾的名词的所有格直接加's,
例如:a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量等名词,以s结尾的所有格要用'例如:a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey,a boat's length,two pounds' weight,
3. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。
5. “of + 名词所有格”称为双重所有格
例如:a friend of my father's
【注意】
如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”,例如:John's and Mary's rooms (约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom's and Mary's bikes(两人各自的自行车)。
两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Mary's mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。
【实例解析】
1.(中考试题)
These _________ have saved many children’s lives.
A. woman doctors
B. women doctor
C. women doctors
D. woman doctor
2. (中考试题)
This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.
A. Anne and Jane
B. Anne’s and Jane’s
C. Anne’s and Jane
D. Anne and Jane’s
3. (中考试题)
---Are there any ________ on the farm?
---Yes, there are some.
A. horse
B. duck
C. chicken
D. sheep
4. (中考试题)
---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange?
---Orange, please.
A. hamburger
B. fish
C. tea
【中考演练】
一. 单项填空
1.--- Where have you been, Tim?
--- I’ve been to ______.
A. the Henry house
B. the Henry family