名词的数和所有格

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一、名词的数

1.单数和复数

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成,其主要变法如下:

规则变化:

(1)一般情况在词尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,

pen→pens,doctor→doctors, boy→boys。

(2)以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classes,box→boxes,watch→watches,brush→brushes。

(4)以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities, factory→factories, country→countries, family→families。

但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加s,如:boy→boys,

day→days。

(5)以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes (6)以f或fe结尾的词,多数变f为v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves,half→halves。不规则变化:

例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice。

2.不可数名词“量”的表示方法

a cup of tea → two cups of tea

a piece of paper → four pieces of paper

a bottle of milk → five bottles of milk

随堂练习

一.写出下列单词的复数形式

boy______ peach________ knife_________ child____________ woman________ tooth________ bus___________ baby_____________

fox__________ dish_________ tomato________ hero_____________ 二.用所给单词的正确形式填空

1.Give me two_________(glass) of milk, please.

2.How many ___________(people)are there in your family.

3.How many ____________(watch) are there in your shop.

4.Where are the ____________(mouse) ?

5.Those_____________(pair) of shoes for your mother.

二、名词的所有格

名词所有格,用来表示人或物的所有,表示所属关系。

1. 不以s结尾的名词的所有格直接加's,

例如:a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。

2. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量等名词,以s结尾的所有格要用'例如:a twenty minutes' walk,ten miles' journey,a boat's length,two pounds' weight,

3. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,例如:a map of China,the end of this term,the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。

5. “of + 名词所有格”称为双重所有格

例如:a friend of my father's

【注意】

如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示“分别有”,例如:John's and Mary's rooms (约翰和玛丽各有一间,共两间);Tom's and Mary's bikes(两人各自的自行车)。

两个名词并列,只有一个's,则表示“共有”,例如:John and Mary's room(约翰和玛丽共有一间);Tom and Mary's mother(即Tom与Mary是兄妹)。

【实例解析】

1.(中考试题)

These _________ have saved many children’s lives.

A. woman doctors

B. women doctor

C. women doctors

D. woman doctor

2. (中考试题)

This is _________ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much.

A. Anne and Jane

B. Anne’s and Jane’s

C. Anne’s and Jane

D. Anne and Jane’s

3. (中考试题)

---Are there any ________ on the farm?

---Yes, there are some.

A. horse

B. duck

C. chicken

D. sheep

4. (中考试题)

---What would you like to drink, ________ or orange?

---Orange, please.

A. hamburger

B. fish

C. tea

【中考演练】

一. 单项填空

1.--- Where have you been, Tim?

--- I’ve been to ______.

A. the Henry house

B. the Henry family

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