刘意青《简明英国文学史》课后习题详解(维多利亚英国文学 维多利亚时期小说家)【圣才出品】
刘意青《简明英国文学史》课后习题详解（文艺复兴与莎士比亚英国文艺复兴时期文学）【圣才出品】
刘意青《简明英国⽂学史》课后习题详解（⽂艺复兴与莎⼠⽐亚英国⽂艺复兴时期⽂学）【圣才出品】第3章英国⽂艺复兴时期⽂学1.How did England become the most powerful country during the Tudor reign? Key:The Tudor reign reached its summit during the time of Queen Elizabeth (reigning1558-1603),who adopted moderate policies to achieve a balance both between the rising middle class and the feudal lords and between the Protestants and the Catholics.It was a peaceful time and England became a powerful state.In 1588the English navy defeated the Spanish invincible Armada and thus eliminated her most dangerous enemy on the high seas and in the world trade. English ships started to visit lands all over theworld,including America and other distant countries.They brought home great wealth and fortunes and set up the first English colonies overseas as well.2.What does the word“Renaissance”mean and why do we call this historical period the English Renaissance Period? Key:Renaissance is a French word,meaning“rebirth”or“revival”,and in this particular context,it means the revival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after the long years of neglect in the medieval time.In England,at first a great number of classical works were translated into English in the15th and16th centuries and English scholars and men of letters showed a strong interest in ancient Greek and Roman art and science.They followed in the wake of the intellectual and literary movement which began inthe14th century in Italy and later spread to France,Spain,Holland and other western European countries.This was usually called the Renaissance Movement in England and its ideal was Humanism.3.Give a brief account of Thomas More’s life and his major work Utopia.Key:Sir Thomas More(1478-1535)was the most prominent humanist of this period,and he was also a Parliament member and a judge by profession.He devoted his spare time to writing and wrote the famous book Utopia in Latin, which was published in1516.In the book More meets a traveler at Antwerp,who has seen a place called Utopia,or“Land of Nowhere”,where communism is adopted as the social system,education is offered to all people,including women,and religious differences are tolerated.It presents More’s ideal of the best possible government form.And since then the word“Utopia”has been used all over the world for ideals that are usually beyond human reach./doc/850d88410266f5335a8102d276a20029bc646312.html Spenser’s major literary work and tell what it is about.Key:Spenser’s major literary work is The Faerie Queene.(1)It is an allegorical romance in verse.According to his plan,there should be 12books,each telling the adventures of one knight dispatched by the Faerie Queen,Gloria,who represents glory in general and Queen Elizabeth in particular.(2)According to his contemporary thought,the virtuous man knows how togovern himself,and thus is qualified to govern others.(3)In the poem Spenser identifies the good ruler with the good man and emphasises the importance of education.(4)But Spenser only managed to finish six books,in which the six virtues of Truth,Temperance,Friendship,Justice,Chastity,and Courtesy are presented./doc/850d88410266f5335a8102d276a20029bc646312.html more writers(poets and playwrights)of this period and tell what you know about them.Key:(List out some writers in this period and introduce their lives and major works according to the textbook.)6.What are Bacon’s chief contributions?Key:Bacon’s chief contributions are that he wrote many significant works,which have become great wealth of human being.7.Who was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare?Discuss one of his plays. Key:Christopher Marlowe was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare.The Tragical History of Dr.Faustus,written in blank verse,is Marlowe’s masterpiece.The story is taken from a medieval German legend,but Marlowe emphasizes humanistic ideals through Faustus’pursuits.Fed up with the four subjects of medieval knowledge(theology,philosophy,medicine and law),he turns to magic to seek the supernatural.Finally he succeeds in raisingMephistophilis,the Devil’s servant and strikes a contract with him,by which Mephistophilis will satisfy his desires such as conjuring the spirit of Alexander the Great in a king’s court,marrying Helen of Greece,and so on.And in exchange for all these services done for him,he agrees to sell his soul to the Devil.He goes through endless spiritual and moral struggles between good and evil during his transaction with Mephistophilis.But,he also shows the Renaissance human spirit of pursuing knowledge and infinite power,as well as the courage to challenge fate and authority.Although Marlowe’s drama lacks variety of characterisation and construction,his success with the blank verse and his mighty dramatic lines mark him as the most important predecessor of Shakespeare.8.What kind of comedy is Ben Jonson’s special contribution?And as a playwright how different is Ben Jonson from Shakespeare?Key:“Comedy of humours”is Ben Jonson’s special contribution.He forms a nice contrast to Shakespeare.(1)Jonson’s theory of“humours”reduces his characters to types,who represent greed,vanity,falsehood,etc.They are flat,one-sided and have no development.Unlike him,Shakespeare digs deep into human nature and depicts the complexities of human relations.(2)Ben Jonson advocates classic Roman and Greek masters,strictly observes the three unities and disapproves of any mixture of the tragic with the comic,while Shakespeare creates according to his own judgment and the taste of the audience,and is very flexible in his handling of drama rules set by hispredecessors.Their differences were so obvious that later Samuel Johnson described one as the poet of art and the other as the poet of nature.However,Jonson could not but see the great talent in Shakespeare,and as a good playwright and a learned man himself,he also admired his rival.。
刘意青《简明英国文学史》课后习题详解（18世纪英国文学小说的兴起）【圣才出品】
刘意青《简明英国⽂学史》课后习题详解（18世纪英国⽂学⼩说的兴起）【圣才出品】第9章⼩说的兴起1.Discuss the social and historical elements that promoted the birth of the modern novel in England.Key:There are several factors that promote the rise and the first flowering of the English novel.First,as we’ve said in the previous section,in the18th century science and technology developed fast,and printing grew as one of the most prosperous trades.Therefore,books were quickly printed and in comparatively larger numbers.Second,with the growth of capitalist economy,the middle class grew strong to become the dominant element in all the aspects of social,political and economic life of England.And with it an urban economy also came into being. Big cities like London increased in number in the country and farmers or the agricultural population swarmed into the city to gradually settle down as traders, servants,workers and apprentices.These new settlers in the cities formed a reading public that badly needed to improve themselves and they provided the necessity and possibility of the flourish of a book market.Third,with the development of industry,women were deprived of their previous opportunities of spinning and weaving at home.Without a way to earn a living,women who failed to marry into a family with secure financial means to support them were forced to work as maids,or became thieves,prostitutes orkept women in the cities.These women,no matter as an idle wife of a rich man,or as a servant girl,joined the public readers and some of them even became writers themselves who sold popular literary works to earn a living.Thus,by mid-18th century,a large book market had been established in England that sold reading stuff of all kinds,from journals and newspapers,political pamphlets,conduct books,travel guides,manuals for house decoration,ghost stories,romances,etc. to serious literature of poetry,drama and prose work written by classical masters like Swift and Johnson.2.Discuss Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe as a typical middle-class novel.Key:Readers of China are mostly familiar with this novel.In the past we emphasised Crusoe’s imperialist and capitalist side,because Marx says in his On the Capital that Crusoe is the typical representative of the rising capitalist class whose sole interest is to expand and exploit,and in Crusoe’s adventures we see how capital is accumulated at the early stage of capitalism.While what Marx says is correct,he only sees the story from a political and economic point of view.As a literary figure,Crusoe is more than just a money-grabbing capitalist and colonialist.He also shows many positive sides of the rising middle class,such as the love for labor,the industrious and thrifty life style,courage to explore strange lands,a curiosity to know the world,and the strong desire to test one’s own strength and establish one’s individual identity.3.What kind of novel did Richardson write?And discuss his two major novels toshow your points.Key:All Richardson’s novels and writings preach the Puritan ideology of hard work,honesty,thrift,industry,and,most of all,the importance of living a virtuous life.For example,his Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded and Clarissa,or The History of a Young Lady.In Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded,Pamela grew up into a beautiful and virtuous young woman with good taste and refined manners,getting through many hardships and threats,and finally she is married to his young master Mr.B, which indicates that her virtue is rewarded. In Clarissa,or The History of a Young Lady,unlike Pamela in birth,Clarissa Harlowe was the daughter of a rich merchant.She was both beautiful and virtuous and had her own share of wealth given to her by her grandfather.But such a young lady could not choose to marry a man she liked and respected,for her father and brother forced her to marry a rich but disgusting and vulgar merchant,in order to merge the property and wealth of the two families.To escape the hatedmarriage,Clarissa,inexperienced and innocent,fell into the hands of a rake Mr.Lovelace and was deceived and kidnapped to a brothel,and later drugged and raped.Although afterwards Lovelace realised his true feelings for Clarissa and proposed marriage,the virtuous girl could neither forgive him nor herself for harboring illusions toward a rake.Finally,she sought a slow suicidal death and wrote her own story as a warning to all the young women.4.How did Fielding name his panoramic novels?What are the main features of his novels?Key:Fielding named his panoramic novels“comic epic in prose”.Epics are usually written in verse,and the subjects are always adventures and heroic deeds of the heroes of noble birth.But here Fielding tells us that he has written a prose work with the epic scope and power,but the main protagonists are common people and even people of the low social status.This is a real revolution in the Western literary history in which literary genres abide by a rather strict rule of levels of style.Although Parson Adams and Joseph are still comic roles,they are no longer minor characters,but the centre of the story.In this experiment of Fielding’s,the new novel has paved way to the more realistic representation of common people’s experiences in the19th century.5.Why do we say that Tristram Shandy is a strange and difficult novel?In what way does this novel anticipate the postmodern novel tendencies?Key:We have several reasons to call Tristram Shandy experimental and difficult. First,it is perhaps the first English novel that does not respect the plot’s time sequence.Second,the book is made difficult by Sterne with a lot of typographical oddities.And third,he has employed a lot of sexual jokes such as his own unfortunate accidents during his mother’s conception of him and later the doctor’s crushing of his nose.Sterne is the first novelist who anticipates the postmodern violation of the temporal sequence of a narrative.。
刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【考研真题精选+章节题库】(18世纪英国文学(1688-1780))
第4部分18世纪英国文学（1688-1780）一、填空题1.Henry Fielding has been regarded as“_____”,for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.（吉林大学2007研）【答案】Father of the English Novel【解析】亨利·菲尔丁被誉为“英国小说之父”。
2.A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift is a sharp_____against the social injustice in_____.（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】satire,Ireland【解析】1729年斯威夫特发表的《一个温和的建议》是对英国政府对爱尔兰人民剥削压迫的极度讽刺。
这一宣传册建议爱尔兰的穷人把刚满一周岁的孩子卖给富人，富人可将孩子做成美餐，而穷人也将获得一笔收入。
3.The English novel began to prosper in18th century as a new literary genre.In this period there appeared a number of great novelists such as_____,Daniel Defoe, and_____.（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】Jonathan Swift,Samuel Richardson【解析】18世纪英国文学的小说家主要有Defoe，Swift，Richardson，Fielding，Smollett and Sterne等。
4.Author:_____Title:_____.（南京大学2007研）At other times,the like battles have been fought between the Yahoos of several neighborhoods,without any visible cause:those of one district watching all opportunities to surprise the next,before they are prepared.But if they find their project has miscarried,they return home,and,for want of enemies,engage in what I call a civil war among themselves.【答案】Author:Jonathan Swift Title:Gulliver’s Travels【解析】题中文段节选自乔纳森的《格列佛游记》。
刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【章节题库】(7-8章)【圣才出品】
第7部分世纪末和现代主义文学（1880-1930）一、填空题1._____is the representative among the writers of aestheticism and decadence.The Picture of Dorian Gray is a typical decadent novel written by him.【答案】Oscar Wilde【解析】奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪末英国唯美派剧作家、诗人、小说家和文学批评家。
《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray）是王尔德最出色的作品，最为详细地阐述了他的颓废主义思想。
2.The Happy Prince and Other Tales and The House of Pomegranates are two collections of_____written by Oscar Wilde.【答案】children’s stories3.The reputation of_____rests largely on two of his novels:Animal Farm and_____.（大连外国语学院2008研）【答案】George Orwell Nineteen Eighty-four【解析】《1984》和《动物庄园》是英国作家乔治·奥威尔最负盛名的作品。
4.Through the military life experience of Guy,and disillusionment of his dream of elimination of the evils through just wars,Evelyn Waugh explores in his work, _____,the nature of war.【答案】Unconditional Surrender【解析】伊夫林·沃在小说《无条件投降》（Unconditional Surrender）写到，盖伊希望通过战争消除罪恶的梦想最终破灭，从而以此来探索自己对战争本质的认识。
刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【课后习题】(英国文艺复兴时期文学)【圣才出品】
第3章英国文艺复兴时期文学1. How did England become the most powerful country during the Tudor reign? Key: The Tudor reign reached its summit during the time of Queen Elizabeth (reigning 1558-1603), who adopted moderate policies to achieve a balance both between the rising middle class and the feudal lords and between the Protestants and the Catholics. It was a peaceful time and England became a powerful state. In 1588 the English navy defeated the Spanish invincible Armada and thus eliminated her most dangerous enemy on the high seas and in the world trade. English ships started to visit lands all over the world, including America and other distant countries. They brought home great wealth and fortunes and set up the first English colonies overseas as well.2. What does the word “Renaissance” mean and why do we call this historical period the English Renaissance Period?Key: Renaissance is a French wor d, meaning “rebirth” or “revival”, and in this particular context, it means the revival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after the long years of neglect in the medieval time.In England, at first a great number of classical works were translated into English in the 15th and 16th centuries and English scholars and men of letters showed a strong interest in ancient Greek and Roman art and science. Theyfollowed in the wake of the intellectual and literary movement which began in the 14th century in Italy and later spread to France, Spain, Holland and other western European countries. This was usually called the Renaissance Movement in England and its ideal was Humanism.3. Give a brief account of Thomas More’s life and his major work Utopia.Key: Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) was the most prominent humanist of this period, and he was also a Parliament member and a judge by profession. He devoted his spare time to writing and wrote the famous book Utopia in Latin, which was published in 1516.In the book More meets a traveler at Antwerp, who has seen a place called Utopia, or “Land of Nowhere”, where communism is adopted as the social system, education is offered to all people, including women, and religious differences are tolerated. It presents Mo re’s ideal of the best possible government form. And since then the word “Utopia” has been used all over the world for ideals that are usually beyond human reach.4. Name Spenser’s major literary work and tell what it is about.Key: Spenser’s major litera ry work is The Faerie Queene.(1) It is an allegorical romance in verse. According to his plan, there should be 12 books, each telling the adventures of one knight dispatched by the Faerie Queen, Gloria, who represents glory in general and Queen Elizabeth in particular.(2) According to his contemporary thought, the virtuous man knows how to govern himself, and thus is qualified to govern others.(3) In the poem Spenser identifies the good ruler with the good man and emphasises the importance of education.(4) But Spenser only managed to finish six books, in which the six virtues of Truth, Temperance, Friendship, Justice, Chastity, and Courtesy are presented.5. Name more writers (poets and playwrights) of this period and tell what you know about them.Key: (List out some writers in this period and introduce their lives and major works according to the textbook.)6. What are Bacon’s chief contributions?Key: Bacon’s chief contributions are that he wrote many significant works, which have become great wealth of human being.7. Who was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare? Discuss one of his plays. Key: Christopher Marlowe was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare.The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus, written in blank verse, is Marlowe’s masterpiece. The story is taken from a medieval German legend, but Marlowe emphasizes humanistic ideals through Faustus’ pursuits. Fed up with the four subjects of medieval knowledge (theology, philosophy, medicine and law), heturns to magic to seek the supernatural. Finally he succeeds in raising Mephistophilis, the Devil’s servant and strikes a contract with him, by which Mephistophilis will satisfy his desires such as conjuring the spirit of Alexander the Great in a king’s court, marrying Helen of Greece, and so on. And in exchange for all these services done for him, he agrees to sell his soul to the Devil. He goes through endless spiritual and moral struggles between good and evil during his transaction with Mephistophilis. But, he also shows the Renaissance human spirit of pursuing knowledge and infinite power, as well as the courage to challenge fate and authority. Although Marlowe’s drama lacks variety of characterisation and construction, his success with the blank verse and his mighty dramatic lines mark him as the most important predecessor of Shakespeare.8. What kind of comedy is Ben Jonson’s special contribution? And as a playwright how different is Ben Jonson from Shakespeare?Key: “Comedy of humours”is Ben Jonson’s special contribution.He forms a nice contrast to Shakespeare. (1) Jonson’s theory of “humours” reduces his characters to types, who represent greed, vanity, falsehood, etc. They are flat, one-sided and have no development. Unlike him, Shakespeare digs deep into human nature and depicts the complexities of human relations. (2) Ben Jonson advocates classic Roman and Greek masters, strictly observes the three unities and disapproves of any mixture of the tragic with the comic, while Shakespeare creates according to his own judgment and the taste of theaudience, and is very flexible in his handling of drama rules set by his predecessors.Their differences were so obvious that later Samuel Johnson described one as the poet of art and the other as the poet of nature. However, Jonson could not but see the great talent in Shakespeare, and as a good playwright and a learned man himself, he also admired his rival.。
《英国文学史》复习思考题答案
（0091）《英国文学史》复习思考题答案I. Write out the authors’ names of the following works. (20)1 William Shakespeare《Romeo and Juliet》2 Henry Fielding《Tom Jones》3 Charlotte Bronte《Jane Eyre》4 Daniel Defoe《Robinson Crusoe》5 Robert Burns《A Red Red, Rose》6 Oscar Wilde《The Importance of Being Earnest》7 George Bernard Shaw 《Mrs. Warren’s Profession》8 Virginia Woolf《To the Lighthouse》9 Lord Byron《Don Juan》10 John Keats《Ode to the Nightingale》11 William Shakespeare 《Macbeth》12 Jonathan Swift《Gullive r’s Travels》13 William Thackery《Vanity Fair 》14 Emily Bronte《Wuthering Heights》15 Charles Dickens 《A Tale of Two Cities》16 Thomas Hardy《Tess of the D’Urberviles》17 James Joyce《Ulysses》18 George Eliot《Silas Marner》19 Lord Byron《Don Juan》20 Percy Shelley《Ode to the West Wind》II. Define the following literary terms. (20)1、Iambic pentameter is a meter in poetry, consisting of an unrhymed line with five iambs or feet (hence pentameter), felt by many to be the most powerful of all metrical forms in English poetry. Shakespeare excelled in the use of iambic pentameter (as in his famous Sonnet XVIII, beginning "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?”2、Heroic couplet:a rhyming couplet in iambic pentameter. It is also called riding rhyme, rhymed 5-beat lines, or rhymed decasyllables. It is one of the most popular metrical forms in English poetry. Though its origin is uncertain, heroic couplet is generally assumed to be introduced by Chaucer. Characteristics exhibited by heroic couplet include epigrammatic expression, balanced sentences, parallel construction, concise diction, use of antithesis, and medial pause. Two types of heroic couplets can be distinguished: closed heroic couplet and open heroic couplet. The former is a complete sentence with a full stop at the end of the second rhyme. The latter is one in which a sentence extends from one couplet to another.3、Courtly love: an idealized love in some medieval literature and chivalric society. It has its origin in the works of Plato, in Ovid’s Ars Amatoria, and in Andreas Capellanus’s De Arte Honeste Amandi. It owes its development to the medieval devotion to the Virgin Mary. Courtly love celebrates the beauty, virtues and ennobling power of women. It adds to the rise of women’sposition and offers a philosophical and religious interpretation of love and its function. Apart from noble passions and persistent pursuit, courtly love aims at the moral perfection of the lover. Love is essentially treated as a motivating power, directing the lover toward moral progress and spiritual development. Other elements of courtly love are humility and courtesy on the part of the lover, adultery between the man and his beloved mistress, and a great respect for the lady. Courtly love was popular first in France among the troubadours of the 12th and 13th centuries. In England, those who wrote in this tradition were Chaucer, Sidney, Spenser and Shakespeare. Examples are Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde and the sonnets written by Shakespeare and Spenser.4、Literature of the Absurd:a term associated with modern literature, criticism, and philosophy. It is applied to describe the meaninglessness of human existence in a world that is alien and incomprehensible. Deprived of their old beliefs and cut off from their past, human beings are in a state of complete isolation and confusion. Literature of the absurd has Existentialism as its philosophical background and is most fruitful in drama and novel. The idea that man and his existence are absurd is best illustrated in the works of Camus, Beckett, Ionesco, Adamov, Albee, Heller, Pynchon, and V onnegut.5、Ballad: a narrative poem in short stanzas about heroic or tragic deeds; or a song that tells a romantic or sentimental story. There are mainly two kinds of ballads: the folk ballad and the literary ballad. The folk or popular ballad is without authorship and is of oral tradition. It might be composed by an individual or a community. It is intended to be sung or recited before the public. Ballads of oral tradition are not written down until many years later. And its language is simple and even unliterary. Folk ballad belongs to the Middle Ages. The literary or art ballad is with known authorship and has a definite moral purpose. Ballads of this type are usually imitations of medieval popular ballads. They are written down at the start. Many Romantic poets of the 19th century wrote literary ballads. Both folk and literary ballads share the following similarities: (a) simple and familiar language; (b) having adventure, love or war as the subject matter; (c) telling story through dialogue; (d) little description; (e) strong supernatural elements; (f) frequent use of repetition and parallelism; (g) having rhyme, assonance and the like; (h) impersonal narrator; (I) lyrical, romantic, sentimental or tragic qualities; and (j) the ballad writer getting his inspiration from folklore, local or national history. In England, many ballads are about the border conflicts between English and Scottish people, or about the legends of Robin Hood and his merry men.Collections of ballads were once made by Bishop Percy who had Reliques of Ancient English Poetry, Walter Scott who wrote Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, and Child who compiled The English and the Scottish Popular Ballads. Coleridge’s Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Wilde’s The Ballad of Reading Goal fall in the category of literary ballad. And there were more writers who wrote in the ballad style. They were Scott, Noyes, Macauley and Robert Service. Ballad as a poetic form is still alive today.6、Blank verse:poetry that does not rhyme but has iambic pentameter lines. Though not originated in England or America, it has been the most important and most widely used English verse form. Blank verse is popular because it is closest to the rhythm of daily English speech. Thus most English poems which are dramatic, reflective or narrative are in the form of blank verse. This verse was probably first used in England by Surrey who translated Aeneid, by Sackville and Norton who composed Gorboduc. It was developed and perfected by Marlowe, Shakespeare and Milton. In the 18th century, most poets favored heroic couplets. But Young and Thomson were able to write in the tradition of blank verse. The 19th century saw a renewed interest in this poetic form. Masters of blank verse included Wordsworth, Coleridge and Bryant. The fact that blank verse is still practiced by writers like T.S. Eliot, Yeats, Frost and Stevens shows how influential and favorable it really is.7、Comedy: In its literary sense, three meanings may be distinguished: (a) drama that amuses, written in the tradition of Greek and Roman comedy; (b) any work of literature in the Middle Ages and early Renaissance that has a happy ending; (c) by natural extension, works in every literary form that provoke laughter and smiles.Generally speaking, comedy is thought to be a less important form than tragedy. Thus, dramatic theories concerning comedy are small in number. Aristotle in his Poetics briefly defines comedy as “an imitation of men worse than the average.” It seeks to entertain and deals with “some defect…that is not painful or destructive.” Plato in his “Philebus” explains that “When we laugh at the folly of our friends,” we experience “pleasure.” Our la ughter is provoked by the harmless ignorance and absurdity of the comic character. Philip Sidney in Apologie for Poetrie says “Comedy is an imitation of the common errors of our life.” Walpole of the 18th century wrote: “This world is a comedy to those that think, a tragedy to those that feel.” And Byron had a famous statement: “All tragedies are finished by a death, / All comedies are ended by a marriage.” Otherscholars and critics who responded to comedy in one way or another include Henry Fielding, Sigmund Freud and George Meredith.8、Antihero:a main character in a story, novel, play or film who behaves in a completely different way from what people expect a hero to do. A non-hero is without the qualities and features of a traditional or old-fashioned hero. He is doomed to fail. Antiheroes of early days were Don Quixote, Macbeth, Rip Van Winkle, and Tristram Shandy. Examples of antiheroes in modern literature include Leopold Bloom, Jim Dixon, Jimmy Porter, Herzog, and Yassarian.III. Give brief answers to the following questions. (20)1.What is the national epic of the English people? And what was the most famousmedieval romance? (Beowulf; King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table)2.Who were the Lake Poets? (Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey)3.What is Metaphysical poetry?The poetry written by John Donne, George Herbert, Andrew Marvell, Henry Vaughan, and many other 17th century English poets. Their poetic works were characterized by original images, elaborate conceits, strange paradoxes, far-fetched imagery, wit, ingenuity, dialectical argument, complex themes, elliptical thoughts, flexibility of rhythm and meter, terse expression, and colloquial speech. These poets were similar in their attitude against the established conventions of Elizabethan love poetry. Broadly speaking, the term refers to any poetry that displays these qualities, any poetry that discusses metaphysics or the philosophy of knowledge and existence. Preoccupied with thoughts of death, sexual love and religious devotion, metaphysical poetry is philosophical, intellectual, psychological, analytical and bold.The term was used by John Dryden in his criticism of Donne’s overuse of philosophy. In Discourse of the Original and Progress of Satire Dryden thus spoke of Donne: “He affects the metaphysics not only in his satires, but in his amorous verses, where nature only should reign, and perplexes the minds of the fair sex with nice speculations of philosophy.” Later Dr Johnson chose the term to designate a peculiar poetic manner that he did not really approve. In Lives of the Poets, he regarded the metaphysical imagery as a sort of discordia concors through which “the most heterogeneous ideas are yoked by violence together.” What offended Johnson w as its pretension and lack of spontaneity. Discordia concors is, Johnson remarked, “a combination of dissimilar images or discovery of occult resemblances in things apparently unlike.” Ben Jonson said Donne“deserved hanging” for not recognizing accent. Th e intentional roughness, obscurity, strain and some other extremes of metaphysical poets had given them a bad reputation.John Donne was no doubt the leader of the school. But the most metaphysical were Cowley and Crashaw. Other important metaphysical poets included Traherne, Carew, Lovelace, Cleveland, Edward Taylor, Baudelaire, Rilke, T. S. Eliot, J. C. Ransom, Allen Tate, John Hollander, and so on.4. What are major women writers in English literature?(Jane Austen, the Bronte sisters, George Eliot, Mrs. Gaskell, Mrs. Browning, Virginia Woolf, and so on)5. What was Wordsworth’s definition for poetry?Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings; it takes its origin in emotion recollected in tranquility.6. What is Art for Art’s Sake?The theory that the fine arts are independent of social-historical reality and have nothing to do with moral or religious purposes. A work of art is free to seek beauty and its values are aesthetic. Aestheticism:a literary movement in the 19th century with “art for art’s sake” as its major doctrine. One of its important advocates was Oscar Wilde, who insisted upon the self-reliance, self-government, self-completeness and self-autonomy of literature. The origin of aestheticism can be traced back to the writers and philosophers of Germanic Romantic period—Goethe, Kant, Schiller, and Schelling. They held it to be true that art should be autonomous and independent of morality, politics, social reality, and other non-aesthetic standards. Kant emphasized the value of pure art and its disinterested existence. The idea that art must be separated from other things was advocated earlier in England by Coleridge, Carlyle, and Pater. In America there were Emerson and Allan Poe. Poe defined poetry as the “rhythmical creation of beauty” and condemned the “heresy of the didactic.” The Pre-Raphaelites such as Tennyson, Morris, Swinburne and Rossetti were closely related to aestheticism. They worked hard for the musical effects of pure poetry. They had a tendency to withdraw, or live i n the “ivory tower.” Gautier has been regarded as the first to experiment with aestheticism in a self-conscious manner. Other aesthetes were Baudelaire, Mallarmé, Dowson, etc. Aestheticism was a reaction against the 19th century English and American capitalism, industrialism, materialism, commercialism and realism.。
刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【章节题库】（3-4章）【圣才出品】
刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【章节题库】（3-4章）【圣才出品】第3部分17世纪英国文学（1616-1688）一、填空题1.“With its hero traveling into different places with different companions the story discusses the features of each stage of human life.”（武汉大学2010研）Answer:“_____”by_____【答案】Pilgrim’s Progress;John Bunyan2.John Donne and his followers wrote what would later be called_____—complex highly intellectual verse filled with metaphors.（南开大学2008研；南开大学2007研）【答案】Metaphysical poetry【解析】约翰·多恩是英国十七世纪玄学派诗人，玄学派诗歌以奇特的意象和独具匠心的暗喻著称。
3.John Bunyan,a village tinker,with his strength and sincerity inscribed his name in the English literary history by his famous work_____written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.（天津外国语2010研）【答案】Pilgrim’s Progress【解析】约翰·班扬的代表作《天路历程》被誉为“英国文学中最著名的寓言”。
4.The main part of the title of the novel Vanity Fair,or A Novel without A Hero istaken from the English writer_____’s work_____.（国际关系学院2009研）【答案】John Bunyan;The Pilgrim’s Progress【解析】《名利场》是萨克雷的代表作，该书名字来自于班扬的《天路历程》。
刘意青《简明英国文学史》模拟试题及详解（一）【圣才出品】
刘意青《简明英国文学史》模拟试题及详解（一）【圣才出品】刘意青《简明英国文学史》模拟试题及详解（一）I. Fill in the blanks1. Henry Fielding has been regarded as “_____”, for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.【答案】Father of the English Novel【解析】亨利?菲尔丁被誉为“英国小说之父”。
2. _____ is generally considered to be Chauce r’s masterpiece.【答案】The Canterbury Tales【解析】《坎特伯雷故事集》被公认为是乔叟的代表作。
3. John Bunyan, a village tinker, with his strength and sincerity inscribed his name in the English literary history by his famous work _____ written in the old-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.【答案】Pilgrim’s Progress【解析】约翰·班扬的代表作《天路历程》被誉为“英国文学中最著名的寓言”。
4. Heathcliff and Catherine are characters in _____ written by _____.【答案】Wuthering Heights, Emily Bront?【解析】Heathcliff和Catherine是英国小说家Emily Bront?小说《呼啸山庄》中的人物。
5. Pip is a character in _____.【答案】Great Expectations【解析】Pip是英国作家Charles Dickens的小说《远大前程》中的主角。
(完整word版)英国文学史习题全集(含答案)(word文档良心出品)
Part One Early and Medieval English LiteratureⅠ. Fill in the blanks.1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .A. LanglandB. WycliffeC. GowerD. Chaucer3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____.A. novelB. dramaC. romanceD. essay4. The story of ___ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales5. William Langland’s ____ is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte d’Arthur6. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. The Normans spoke _____.A. FrenchB. EnglishC. LatinD. Swedish7. ______ was the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator of the Bible.A. LanglandB. GowerC. WycliffeD. Chaucer8. Piers the Plowman describes a series of wonderful dreams the author dreamed, through which, we can see a picture of the lifein the ____ England.A. primitiveB. feudalC. bourgeoisD. modern9. The theme of ____ to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.A. loyaltyB. revoltC. obedienceD. mockery10. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called _____.A. Morte d’ArthurB. Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers the Plowman11. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London in about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden12. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey13. Chaucer’s earliest work of any length is his _____, a translation of the French Roman de la Rose by Gaillaume de Lorris a ndJean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throughout Europe.A. The Romaunt of the RoseB. “A Red, Red Rose”C. The Legend of Good WomenD. The Book of the Duchess14. In his lifetime Chaucer served in a great variety of occupations that had impact on the wide range of his writings. Which one isnot his career? ____.A. engineerB. courtierC. office holderD. soldierE. ambassadorF. legislator (议员)15. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named _____ based on Boccaccio’s poem “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Troilus and CriseydeC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. BeowulfKey to the multiple choices：1-5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB 11-15 ADAAB自考真题2002-4.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form3in the medieval period.A.ChristianB.knightlyC.GreekD.primitive（B）●Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales（D）●The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval Englishsociety and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________.A．William Langland’ s Piers Plowman B．G eoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC．John Gower’s Confession Amantis D．Sir Gawain and the Green Knight（B）Ⅱ. Questions1.What are the features of Beowulf?ment on the social significance and language in The Canterbury Tales.Part Two The English RenaissanceⅠ. Match the writer and his works.1.Thomas More2.Holinshed3.Hakluyt4.Richard Tottel5.Philip Sidney6.Walter Raleigh A.Apology for PoetryB.Miscellany of Songs and SonnetsC.UtopiaD.Discovery of GuianaE.Principal Navigations, V oyages and DiscoveriesF.ChroniclesThe key: (1—C 2—F 3—E 4—B 5—A 6—D)Ⅱ. Choose the best answer.1._____ founded the Tudor Dynasty, a centralized monarchy of a totally new type, which met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie.A. Henry VB. Henry VIIC. Henry VIIID. James I2.The first complete English Bible was translated by _______, “the morning star of the Reformation” and his followers.A. William TyndalB. James IC. John WycliffeD. Bishop Lancelot Andrews3.The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad. ____ encouraged exploration and travel, whichwere compatible with the interests of the English merchants.A. Henry V.B. Henry VIIC. Henry VIIID. Queen Elizabeth4.Except being a vic tory of England over ___, the rout of the fleet “Armada” (Invincible) was also the triumph of the risingyoung bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. Norway5.Those, both traders and pirates like ____, established the first English colonies.A. Francis DrakeB. Lancelot AndrewsC. William CaxtonD. William Tyndal6.____ was a forerunner of classicism in English literature.A. Ben JohnsonB. William Shakespeare4C. Thomas MoreD. Christopher Marlowe7.The most gifted of the “university wits” was ____.A. LylyB. PeeleC. GreeneD. Marlowe8.Morality plays appeared after_____.A. miracle playsB. mystery playsC. interludeD. Classical plays9._____ is used to say and do good things.A. MercyB. FollyC. ViceD. Peace10._____is one of the forerunners of modern socialist thought.A. Phillip SidneyB. Edmund SpenserC. Thomas MoreD. Walter Raleigh11._____ is not a famous translator in the English Renaissance.A. Thomas NorthB. Thomas WyattC. George ChapmanD. John Florio12.____ had supplied Shakespeare with the material for Julius Caesar.A.Lives of Greek and Roan Heroes《希腊罗马名人传》B.Miscellany of Songs and SonnetsC.Don QuixoteD.History of the World13.____ was one of the first to see the relation between wealth and poverty to understand that the rich were becoming richer byrobbing the poor.A. John WycliffeB. William CaxtonC. Geoffrey ChaucerD. Thomas More14.Utopia was written in the form of _____.A. proseB. dramaC. essayD. dialogue15.One of the popular morality plays was ____.A. The ShepherdsB. EverymanC. The Play of the WeatherD. Gammer Gurton’s Needle16.Shakespeare’s plays written between _____ are sometimes called “romances” and all end in reconciliation and reunion.A. 1590 and 1594B. 1595 and 1600C. 1601 and 1607D. 1608 and 161217.Miranda is a heroine in Shakespeare’s ______.A. PericlesB. CymbelineC. The Winter’s TaleD. The Tempest18.In _____ appeared Shakespeare’s Sonnet，Never before Imprinted（《莎士比亚十四行诗》“迄今从未刊印过”）which contains154 sonnets.A. 1606B. 1607C. 1608 160919.Shakespeare is one of the founders of ____.A. romanticismB. realismC. naturalismD. classicism20.Among many poetic forms, Shakespeare was especially at home (good at) with the _______.A. dramatic blank verseB. songC. sonnetD. couplet21.In the plays, Shakespeare used about ______words.A. 15000B. 16000C. 17000D. 1800022._____has been called the summit of the English Renaissance.A. Christopher MarlowB. Francis BaconC. W. ShakespeareD. Ben JohnsonKey to the multiple choices:1-5 BCDAA 6-10 DDCBA 11-15 BDADA 16-22 ACBADDBⅢ. Fill in the blanks.51.The ____ was universally used by the Catholic Churches.2.The English translation of the Bible emerged as a result of the struggle between ____ and ___.3.The Bible was notably translated into English by the ____.4.The first complete Engl ish Bible was translated by ____, “the morning star of the _____”.5._____ translated the New Testament and portions of the Old Testament, which is known as Tyndale’s Bible.6.After Tydale’s Bible, then appeared the ______, which was made in 1611 under the aus pices of _____. And so was sometimescalled the ____.7.Apart from the religious influence, the Authorized Version has had a great influence on English ___ and ____.8.With the widespread influence of the English Bible, the standard modern English has been _____ and _____.9. A great number of ____and phrases have passed into daily English speech as household words.10.The ____and ____ language of the Authorized Version has colored the style of the English prose for the last 300 years.11.____ was the first English printer.12.William Caxton was a prosperous merchant himself, but he was fond of ___ , and his interest was turning to ____.13.He translated The Recuyell of Historyes of Troy into English from French which was the ___ book printed in English.14.The Recuyell served as a source for ____ Troilus and Cressida. 《特洛埃勒斯与克雷雪达》15.After having established his printing press, William Caxton devoted himself to the career of a ____ and _____.16.William Caxton published about ____ books, ___ of which were translated by himself.17.By rendering (翻译) French books into English, Caxton exercised the youthful language in the airs (曲调), the graces, thecrafts of the elder and contributed to the development of the style of ___ century English ____.18.The influence of Caxton’s publications is also great in fixing a ____ language in England.19.As the first English printer, Caxton invented in England the profession of ____, which in fact has had a lasting significance tothe development of English ___ as a whole.20.The Renaissance started in the ______ century and ended in the ______century.21.The word, “renaissance” means ________, which was stimulated by a series of historical events, such as ________.22.In the Renaissance, the humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old ____in medieval Europe, to introduce newideas that expresses ____ of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the ____of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.23.____ is the theme of the English Renaissance, which emphasized the capacities of ____and the achievements of ____.24.____ Stanza is a verse form created by _____ for his poem, ______, in which the rhyme scheme is ____.25.The Wars of the Roses (1455—1485) between the House of ___ and the House of ___ struggling for the Crown continued for30 years.26.Because of the conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and the King of England, the far-reaching movement of ___ tookplace in England, started by Henry VIII.27.After ___ in England, the helpless, dispossessed peasants, being compelled to work at a low wage, became hired laborers forthe merchants. These laborers were the fathers of modern English ___.28.The introduction of ___ to England by William Caxton (1476) brought classical works within reach of the common multitude.29.The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up ____of relations and the establishing of the foundations of ____.30.Because the wool trade was rapidly growing in bulk, it was a time when, according to Thomas More, “___”.31.____ broke off with the Pope, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in the country, confiscated their lands and proclaimedhimself head of the Church of England.32.Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the English national state this period is marked bya flourishing of national culture known as ____.33.____, in his translation of Virgil’s Aeneid, wrote the first English blank verse.34.Richard Tottel’s Miscellany of Songs and Sonnets contained _____ poems by ______ and _____ by _____.35.Philip Sidney thought that _____ had superiority over philosophy and history.36._____ is a picture of contemporary England with forcible exposure of the ___ among the laboring classes.37.More points out that the root of poverty is the ____ _____ of social wealth.38.Sonnets contain _____ sonnets and ____ sonnets.39.The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its ____.40.The “miracles” were simple plays based on ______stories.641.There are significant touches of _____ life in the play titled The Shepherds.42. A morality play presented the _____ of good and _____ with _____personages.43.Vice was the predecessor of the modern _____.44.Through the revival of classical literature, English playwrights came into contact with ______ and ______drama.45.From the contact with Greek and Latin drama, English playwrights learned all the important rules in ____ and ____, the moreexact conception of ____ and ____.46.English comedies and tragedies on classical models appeared in the middle of the ____ century.47.The first English comedy is ______.48.The first English tragedy is _____.49.Miracle plays, morality plays, interludes and classical plays paved the way for the flourishing of ____.50.In the 16th century _____ became the centre of English drama.51.By ____, professional actors were organized into companies.52.____ were wooden buildings, usually circular in form, with tiers（一排排）of galleries surrounding a roofless pit（楼下剧场）.53.In the Elizabethan Theater, there were no ____ and women’s parts were always taken by ____.54.Shakespeare’s narrative poem, Venus and Adonis, is full of vivid images of the ______, and aphorisms (格言、警句) on life.55.Shakespeare was a great ____ of the English language.56.Shakespeare’s dramatic creation often used the method of _____.57.Shakespeare’s drama becomes a monument of the English ______.58.Shakespeare was a _____ for play-writing.59.Shakespeare’s _____ people represent all the complexities and implications of real life.Key to the blanks:tin Bible2.Protestantism; Catholicism3.Protestants4.John Wycliffe; Reformation5.William Tyndal6.Authorized Version, James I; King James Bible.nguage; literature8.fixed; confirmed9.Bible coinages10.simple; dignified11.William Caxton12.Reading; literature13.First14.Shakespeare15.Printer; publisher16.100; 2417.15th ; prose18.National19.Publisher; culture20.14th; 17th21.Religious reformation22.feudalist ideas; interests; purity23.Humanism; human mind; human culture24.Spenserian; Edmund Spenser; The Faerie Queene;ababbcbccncaster; York26.The Reformation27.the Enclosure Movement; proletarians 28.printing29.feudal; capitalism30.sheep devours men31.William VIII32.Renaissance33.Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey34.96, Sir Thomas Wyatt, 40, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey35.poetry36.Utopia, Book One; poverty37.private ownership38.Italian/Petrarchan ; Shakespearean39.Drama40.Bible41.real42.Conflict; evil; allegorical43.Clown44.Greek; Latin45.Structure; style; comedy; tragedy46.16th47.Gammer Gurton’s Needle 《葛顿大娘的缝衣针》48.Gorboduc 《高波特克》49.Drama50.London51.156752.Elizabethan theatres53.actress; boys54.countryside55.master756.adaptation (revision)57.Renaissance 58.master-hand (能手)59.full-bloodⅣ. Say true or false.1.The old English aristocracy having been exterminated (wiped out) in the course of the War of the Roses, a new nobility, totallydependent on King’s power, come to the fore.2.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen Elizabeth.3.The progress of bourgeois economy made England a powerful state and enabled her in 1588 to inflict a defeat on the SpanishInvincible Armada.4.The Protestant Reformation was in essence a religious movement in a political guise.5.Before the Reformation, the English Bible was universally used by the Catholic churches.6.Walter Raleigh wrote his History of the World in imprisonment.7.More the man is even more interesting than More the writer.8.Utopia, Book One, describes an ideal communist society.9.Translations occupied an important place in the English Renaissance.10.Philip Sidney’s collection of love sonnets is Astrophel and Stella.11.The Miracle plays were not forbidden to perform in churches after the actors introduced secular and even comical elementsinto the performance.12.The writer of Gammer Gurton’s Needle is unknown.13.Two lawyers who wrote Gorboduc were Thomas Sackville (托马斯·萨克维尔) and Thomas Norton（托马斯·诺顿）.14.Shakespeare’s sonnets are divided into three groups: Numbers 1—17, Numbers 18—126, and Numbers 127—154.15.Shakespeare’s sonnets are written for variety of virtues.16.Engels said, “Realism implies, besides truth in detail, the truthful reproduction of typical characters under typicalcircumstances.”17.Shakespeare wrote about his own people and for his own time.18.Shakespeare’s one play contains one theme. (contains more than one theme)19.To reproduce the real life, Shakespeare often combines the majestic with the funny, the poetic with the prosaic(散文体的) andtragic with the comic.20.Engels called Shakespeare’s plays the “Shakespearean vivacity (活泼、快活) and wealth of (大量的) action”.21.Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of letters between More and Hythloday, a voyage.22.Sir Philip Sidney is well-known as a poet and dramatist.23.Carl Marx commented highly on More’s Utopia and mentioned it in his great work, The Capital.24.The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its poetry.25.The miracle plays were simple plays based on Bible stories, such as the creation of the world, Noah and the flood, and thebirth of Christ.26.Grammer Gurton’s Needle is the first English comedy, Gorboduc the first English tragedy.27.Both the gentlemen and the common people went to the theatres. But the upper class was the dominant force in Elizabethantheatre.28.After Shakespeare’s death, Herminge and Condell collected and published his plays in 1623.29.From Shakespeare’s history play s, it can be seen that Shakespeare took a great interest in the political questions of his time.30.In Shakespeare’s historical plays, historical accuracy is not strictly regarded.31.King Lear is a tragedy of ambition, which drives a brave soldier and national hero to degenerate into a bloody murder anddespot right to his doom.ing from an old Danish legend, Othello is considered the summit of Shakespeare’s art.33.Shakespeare is one of the founders of romanticism in world literature.34.Generally speaking, after Shakespeare, the English drama was undergoing a process of prosperity.35.English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama, and was an age of prose.36.There are two main characters in As You Like It: Orlando and Rosalind.37.Ben Johnson’s comedies are “comedies of humors” and every character in his comedies personifies a definite “humor”.838.In Ben Johnson’s later years he became the “literary king” of his time.Key to the True/False statements:1.T2.T3.T4. F. (a political movement in a religious guise)5. F. (the Latin Bible)6.T7. F (Sidney)8.T9.T10.T11.T12.T13.F ( Book Two)14.T15.T16.T17.T18.F19.T20.T21.F (a conversation)22.F (poet and critic of poetry)23.F24.F(darma)25.T26.T27.T28.T29.T30.T31.F (Macbeth)32.F (Hamlet)33.F (realism)34.F(decline)35.F (not an age of prose)36.T37.F (ordinary people were)38.T9Ⅴ. Questions on the English Renaissancement on the image of Henry V and Sir John Falstaff.ment on the character of Hamlet.3.What are the features of Shakespeare’s drama?4.Remember Shakespeare’s major plays in each literary career.ment on Marlowe’s social significance and literary achievement.ment on The Faerie Queene.Part Three The Period of the English Bourgeois RevolutionI.Choose the right answer.1.The rhyme scheme of Milton’s L’Allkegro and Il Penseroso is _____.A. aabbccbbcB. abbacdccdC. abacdeecD. ababcdcdd2. _____ , as a declaration of people’s freedom of the press, has been a weapon in the later democratic revolutionary strugg les.A. On the Morning of Christ’s NativityB. ComusC. Of Reformation in EnglandD. Areopagitica3. ____ poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyrics and the later sacred verses.A. John MiltonB. John BunyanC. John DonneD. John Dryden4. _____ expressed Donne’s own way of describing love.A. Holy SonnetsB. Witchcraft by a PictureC. The Sun RisingD. Death, Be Not Proud5. George Herbert’s ______ is a well-known shaped poem.A. The AltarB. To His Coy MistressC. To DaffodilsD. Gather Ye Rose Buds While Ye May6. ____ is the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andre MarvellD. Henry Vaughan7. Which of the following is not a Metaphysical poet?A. Richard CrashawB. Henry VaughanC. Andrew MarvellD. Robert Burton8. ____is a prose poem on death and immortality.A. The Anatomy of MelancholyB. Religio MeciciC. Holy DyingD. Urn-Burial9. Izaak Walton’s ____ is a delightful description of the English countrysi de and the simple and kind people.A. The Compleat AnglerB. Holy LivingC. To His Coy MistressD. To Daffadils10. Who is the greatest figure of the Cavalier poetry?A. John SucklingB. Richard LovelaceC. Robert HerrickD. John Dryden11. ____was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 19th century.A. John DrydenB. Richard SteeleC. Joseph AddisonD. Alexander PopeKey to the multiple choices: 1-5 CDCBA 6-11 ADDAADII.Fill in the blanks.1.In the field of prose writing of the Puritan Age, _______ occupies the most important place.112.The Pilgrim’s Progress is one of the most popular pieces of Christian writing produced during the _____ Age.3.______gives a vivid and satirical picture of Vanity Fair which is the symbol of London at the time of Restoration.4._____masterpiece, The Pilgrim’s Progress, is an allegory, a narrative in which general concepts such as sins, despair, and fa ithare represented as people or as aspects of the natural world.5._____ is the most excellent representative of English classicism in the Restoration period.6.In English literature, the Restoration period is traditionally called “Age of _____.7.In political affairs, ____ was quite changeable in attitude.8.In his “An Essay of Dramatic Poesy”, ____ showed his famous appreciation of Shakespeare.9.Dryden wrote about 27 plays. The famous one is _______, a tragedy dealing with the same story as Shakespeare’s Antony andCleopatra.10.The main literary achievements of the 17th century lies in the poetry of John Milton, in the prose writing of John Bunyan, andin the plays and literary criticism of ______.11.Paradise Lost is one of Milton’s ______.12.Satan is the hero in Milton’s masterpiece __________.13.Paradise Lost took its material from ______.14.The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized, generally speaking, by _____in content and fantasticality in form.15._______ was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 18th century.16.Adam and Eve in Paradise Lost embody Milton’s belief in the powers of _____.17.The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious allegory and _____ is another writing feature.18.In the second half of the 17th century we may hear the voices of the private citizens by letters and _____.Key to the blanks:1.(John Bunyan)2.(Puritan)3.(The Pilgrim’s Progress)4.(John Bunyan’s)5.(John Dryden)6.(Dryden)7.(John Dryden)8.(John Dryden)9.(All for Love)10.(John Dryden)11.(epics)12.(Paradise Lost)13.(mysticism)14.(the Bible)15.(Dryden)16.(man)17.(symbolism)18.(diaries)12III.Say true or false.1.The major parliamentary clashes of the early 17th century were over land ownership.2.After the victory of the English Revolution, the movement of the Diggers broke out. The leader of this revolt is Wat Tyler.3.With the establishment of the bourgeois dictatorship, Charles II became the Protector of the English Commonwealth.4.The spirit of unity and the feeling of patriotism ended with the reign of James I, and England was then convulsed (shook,quivered) with the conflict between the two antagonistic camps, the Royalists and the Puritans.5.In 1644, James I was sentenced to death and Cromwell became the leader of the country.6.English literature of the 17th century witnessed a flourish on the whole.7.The Revolution Period produced one of the most important poets in English literature, William Shakespeare.8.The Revolution Period is also called Age of Milton because it produced a great poet whole name is William Milton.9.The main literary form in literature of Revolution Period is drama.10.Among the English poets during the Revolution Period, John Donne was the greatest one.11.John Milton towers over his age as Byron towers over the Elizabethan Age, and as Chaucer towers over the Medieval Period.12.On his first wife’s death, Milton wrote his only l ove poem, a sonnet, on His Deceased Wife.13.The greatest epic produced by Milton, Paradise Lose, is written in heroic couplets.14.The poem of Samson Agonistes was “to justify the ways of God to man”, i.e. to advocate submission to the Almighty.15.It has been noticed by many critics that the picture of Satan surrounded by his angels who never think of expressing anyopinions of their own, resembles the court of an absolute monarch.16.Izaak Walton’s The Compleat Angler becomes a “Piscatorial classic”.17.Thomas Bro wne’s Religia Medici is a collection of opinions on a vast number of subjects more or less connected with religion.Key to True/False statements:1. F (ownership: monopolies)2. F (Wat Tyler: Gerald Winstanley)3. F (Charles II: Oliver Cromwell)4. F (Donne: Milton)5. F (James I: Charles I)6. F (flourish: decline)7.T (William Shakespeare)8. F (William: John)9. F (drama: poetry)10.F (James I: Elizabeth I)11.F (Byron: Shakespeare)12.F (first: second)13.F (heroic couplets: blank verse)14.F (Satan: God)15.F (Samson Agonistes: Paradise Lost)16.T17.T13IV. Questions1.What are the writing features of The Pilgrim’s Progress?ment on the image of Satan.ment on Samson.Part Four The English Century Ⅰ. Match the works and the characters. (3 points)A1. ( ) Tome Jones2. ( ) The Vicar of Wakefield3. ( ) Robinson Crusoe4. ( ) Gulliver’s Travels5. ( ) Pamela6. ( ) The School for ScandalBa.Fridayb.King of Brodingnagc.Sophiad.Mr. Be.William Thornhillf.Charles SurfacThe key: (1—c, 2—e, 3—a, 4—b, 5—d, 6—f )Ⅱ. Choose the right answer.1.In 1701, Steele published a pamphlet, _____, in which he first displayed his moralizing spirit.A. The FuneralB. The Lying LoverC. The Christian HeroD. The Tender Husband2. Which is the most popular newspaper published by Steele?A. The TatlerB. The SpectatorC. The TheatreD. The English3. _____ is Addison’s great tragedy.A. A Letter from ItalyB. RosamondC. The CampaignD. Cato4. Which of the following is not the hero in The Spectator?A. Isaac BickerstaffB. Mr. RogerC. Captain SentryD. Andrew Freeport5. ______ were looked upon as the model of English composition by British authors all through the 18th century.A. Jeremy Taylor’s Holy LivingB. Thomas Browne’s Religio MeidicC. Samuel Pepys’s diariesD. Addison’s Spectator essays6. The most important classicist in the Enlightenment Movement is _____.A. SteeleB. AddisonC. PopeD. Dryden7. The masterpiece of Alexander Pope is ____.A. Essay on CriticismB. The Rape of the LockC. Essay on ManD. The Dunciad8. Essay on Man is a _____poem in heroic couplets.A. didacticB. satiricalC. philosophicalD. dramatic9. ____ was an intellectual movement in the first half of the 18th century.A. The Enclosure MovementB. The Industrial RevolutionC. The Religious ReformD. The Enlightenment10. The literature of the Enlightenment in England mainly appealed to the ____ readers.A. aristocraticB. middle classC. low classD. intellectual11. ____ is a great classicist but his satire is not always just.A. SteeleB. MiltonC. AddisonD. Pope12.The main literary stream of the 18th century was ____ . What the writers described in their works were mainly social realities.A. romanticismB. classicismC. realismD. sentimentalism13.The 18th century was the golden age of the English ___. The novel of this period spoke the truth about life with anuncompromising (unbending) courage.A. dramaB. poetryC. essayD. novel。
简明英国文学史问题及答案.docx
新乡豫新发电有限责任公司规章制度发布通知2009年第34号《新乡豫新发电有限责任公司绩效工资考核发放管理暂行办法》，已于二00九年四月八目通过，现予发布，自发布之日起施行。
总经理2009年4月8日规章制度控制表新乡豫新发电有限责任公司绩效工资考核发放管理暂行办法1 目的在明确绩效工资计提标准的基础上，建立公司月度综合计划考核结果与部门、员工收入挂钩机制，并加强日常管理考核工作，增强薪酬激励的及时性和有效性，实现员工利益和企业利益的统一，促进公司全面协调持续发展。
2 适应范围公司属各部门在职在岗员工。
3 职责3.1 绩效考核领导小组3.1.1 公司设立绩效考核领导小组，主任由总经理担任，副主任由其他公司领导成员担任，总经理工作部、人事劳动部、财务部、经营管理部、监察审计部、生产管理部、市场营销部、安全监察部、党群工作部的负责人为成员。
绩效考核领导小组负责对各部门重点工作任务和综合计划指标开展情况进行及时跟踪分析、考核和反馈。
3.1.2 各职能部门设立由部门领导和员工代表组成的绩效考核工作小组，负责制定本部门的考核实施细则，并组织实施。
3.2 经营管理部根据分公司下达的月度综合计划编制、下达公司月度综合计划。
3.3 绩效管理委员会的九个职能部门按照《新乡豫新发电有限责任公司月度综合计划管理制度》中管理职责的规定积极开展工作，协助配合经营管理部做好月度综合计划的编制和考核工作，并做好本部门所属管理制度的实施与考核工作。
3.4 人事劳动部负责下达各部门月度绩效工资基数，并根据各职能部门的考核结果兑现各部门月度绩效工资。
4 绩效工资计提标准月度绩效工资基数的计提标准：按核定的各部门当月实际全部在岗员工的岗位工资加技能工资乘以相应的比例，再加上岗位工资的100%计提。
部门中层人员基数＝(J+G)×40%+G×100%;部门主管人员基数＝(J+G)×35%+G×100%;部门其他人员基数＝(J+G)×30%+G×100%;其中：J -- 技能工资G -- 岗位工资三个层级人员的计提基数相加为本部门的当月绩效考核工资基数。
英国文学课后答案
英国文学课后答案Keys to the ExercisesUnit 1 Ideal WorldKnowledge Focus2. (1) F (2) F (3) F (4) F (5) T (6) T (7) F (8) T (9) T (10) F Language Focus1. (1) feigned (2) adopt (3) allotted (4) discretion (5) apprehend(6) languish (7) hinder (8) upright (9) commend (10) undermine2.(1) inexperienced (2) idleness (3) inclination (4) mischief (5) scarcity (6) pursuit (7) beneficial (8) diligence (9) virtuous (10) curiosity3.(1) wore out (2) passed down (3) for show (4) see to (5) as it were (6) take up (7) marked out (8) as though (9) went about (10) given rise to4. (1) by, by (2) by (3) to (4) with (5) on (6) on, with (7) between, against (8) from, for (9) up, for (10) in, to5. (1) prefer—prefers; commend—commended(2) beggar—beggars; feign—feigning(3) (those+) that; by the money—by money(4) is—are; marking—marked(5) anything—nothing; so—suchComprehensive Work2. Euthanasia, slavery, married priest, private ownership, easy divorceText B Innisfree1. (1) arise (2) cabin (3) peace (4) Midnight (5) glow(6) lake (7) shore (8) pavements (9) within (10) coreUnit 2 Picaresque AdventureBefore You Read2.f d g a c b eKnowledge Focus2. (1) F (2) T (3) F (4) F (5) F (6) T (7) F (8) TLanguage Focus1.(1) solaced (2) reprieve (3) resolved (4) abating (5) afflict (6) deliver (7) fury (8) strangle (9) contending (10) bruised2. (1) f (2) h (3) d (4)i (5) g (6) a (7) c (8) j (9) b (10) e3. (1) from, on (2) after, with (3) to, with (4) up, as (5) To, up, from (6) up, in, (7) before, with (8) into, for (9) in, with, on (10) on, for5. (1) me—myself; can—could(2) rise—rising; shooting—shoot(3) Has—Had; have strangled—have been strangled(4) stranding—stranded; be—being(5) came—coming; at the night—at nightComprehensive work1.(1) desolate (2) mutinous (3) embellished (4) imagination(5) picaresque (6) picaro (7) accumulating (8) journalistic(9) bourgeois (10) moral (11) prosperity (12) colonialismText B1.(1) shipwreck (2) tiny (3) inhabitants (4) Lilliput (5) behaviour (6) favourite (7) permission (8) subjects (9) stealing (10) province (11) treason (12) blinded (13) friend (14) abandoned (15) passingUnit 3 Budding LoveBefore You Read2. c a f d g h b e3. c a b e dKnowledge Focus2. (1) F (2) F (3) T (4) T (5) T3. (1) betrayal (2) yields (3) sin (4) morality (5) narrative(6) struggles (7) reality (8) dates (9) relations (10) mistreatsLanguage Focus1.(1) conferred (2) ethereal (3) singular (4) ephemeral (5) remnants(6) crave (7) preliminary (8) cramp (9) deem (10) physique2. (1) preoccupation (2) visionary (3) pervasive (4) luminous(5) condensation(6) horizontal (7) moisture (8) prevailing (9) radiance (10) stratum3. (1) a (2) a (3) b (4) b (5) a4. (1) forth, into, out (2) down, to (3) with, than (4) than, up, in(5) with (6) in, in, within (7) in, above, upon (8) at(9) through, on, on (10) againstText B1. (1)T (2) F (3) F (4) T (5) TUnit 4 Personal ChoiceKnowledge Focus2. e a d b c f3. (1) Rochester (2) disconsolate (3) approaches (4) tray(5) realizes (6) spirit (7) previous (8) specterLanguage Focus1.(1) snatched (2) nestles (3) piquant (4) frenzy (5) prompted(6) entwined (7) corpse (8) groped (9) unwittingly (10) outcasts2. (1) delusion (2) perceptible (3) mockery (4) pining (5) animated (6) inconsiderate (7) proposal (8) consolation (9)famished (10) unconventional3. (1) buoy…up (2) to that effect (3) relapsed… into (4) claim…as(5) took vengeance on (6) wait on (7) withdrawn…from (8) make sacrifice for(9) clasp…to (10) relieve…fromUnit 5 Glamorous WomenKnowledge Focus2. (1) F (2) T (3) F (4) T (5) F(6) T (7) T (8) F (9) F (10) TLanguage Focus1.(1) exhilarated (2) speculated (3) facetious (4) clamber (5) indifferent(6) aggrieved (7) grumble (8) scrambled (9) flushed (10) panic2.(1) competence (2) envious (3) virtuous (4) apologetic (5) pleasantries(6) indulgence (7) excitement (8) fury (9) righteousness (10) indignation 3.(1) for (2) along (3) behind (4) up (5) of(6) with (7) to (8) of; about (9) from (10) up, forText B1. (1) T (2) F (3) T (4) F (5) T(6) F (7) T (8) F (9) F (10) TUnit 6 Incredible ScienceKnowledge Focus1.(1)Shelley has used a …dreary night? instead of the typical thunderstorm to make aneerie atmosphere.(2)She uses very descriptive words that make the surroundings more eerie. E.g.glimmer of the half-extinguished light, rain pattering dismally, etc.(3)As amazed he is by his creation, Victor sees it as a monster. He?s disappointed andpossibly even scared about how his creation will turn out. This is evident when he describes his monster as a …catastrophe?.(4)Fear is provoked well when Shelley describes the monster in detail by explaininghow …His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath;his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of a pearly whiteness?. By describing such horrific features it creates the image of a deformed monster with ghastly features just thrown together.(5)By describing the monsters ghastly features but then mentioning how straight andsleek his hair is, it creates juxtaposition. With such an evil face but such perfect teeth and hair, it becomes quite scary.(6)Victor feels regretful because his monster turned out sucha disaster instead of thebeautiful being he set out to create.(7)Victor dreamt of his fiancéElizabeth. As he finally embraces her, her featuresbecome lifeless and she appears to be dead. She suddenly turns into Victors mother, then worms appear.(8)Shelley quoted Coleridge?s “Ancient Mariner” to create frightful atmosphere.(9)Henry Clerval. He nurses Victor.(10)Elizabeth. She is Victor?s adopted cousin and wife.2. c-f-a-g-d-i-e-h-bLanguage Focus1. (1) confined (2) exceed (3) traversed (4) incredulous (5) inarticulate (6) endeavor(7) comprises (8) revived (9) agitated (10) hideous2. (1) sufficient (2) Diligence (3) sensitiveness (4) occurrences (5) palpitation (6)employer (7) entreat (8) frightful (9) refugees (10) excessively3. (1) to (2) to (3) of (4) on (5) At (6) with (7) in (8) to (9) in (10) toText B1. (1)Time Traveller (2) Medical Man (3) Filby (4) narrator (5) Fourth (6) machine (7)Psychologist (8) lever (9) larger (10) time3. (1) incredulous (2) solemnly (3) intermittently (4) plausible (5) adroitlyUnit 7 Precious LifeKnowledge Focus2. (1) statue (2) column (3) Egypt (4) reed (5) alive (6) ruby(7) child (8) poor (9) dying (10) lead (11) melted (12) furnace3. (1) T (2) T (3) T (4) F (5) F (6) F (7) F (8) T (9) F (10) T4. (1) (4) (2) (6) (3) (5)Language Focus1. (1) commissions (2) mutter (3) plucked (4) coarse (5) gild(6) slumbered (7) listlessly (8) sculptured (9) flirting (10) drenched2. (1) proclamations (2) agility (3) beggars (4) feverishly (5) curiosity(6) messenger (7) overseer (8) companion (9) disrespect (10) embroidery 3.(1) by (2) in, with (3) in, with (4) off (5) in, of(6) off (7) to (8) over (9) away (10) atUnit 8 Proper ProfessionKnowledge Focus2. d-g-e-a-b-f-c3. (1) T (2) F (3) F (4)T (5) F (6) T (7) T (8) F (9) F (10) TLanguage Focus1. (1) formidable (2) condemn (3) perpetual (4) tormented (5) befalls(6) induce (7) impeded (8) conciliate (9) encounter (10) acute2. (1) professional (2) regularity (3) reputable (4) sympathetic (5) morality (6) confusion (7) unconsciousness (8) assistance (9) charm (10) conventional3. (1) on (2) in/at (3) in (4) to (5) out of(6) away (7) with (8) into (9) through (10) outComprehensive Work2. (1) She was intensely sympathetic. She was immensely charming. She was utterlyunselfish. (para 3.)(2) It is true that I am a woman; it is true I am employed; but what professionalexperiences have I had? (para. 1)(3) But what professional experiences have I had? (para. 1)(4) No demand was made upon the family purse. (para. 1)(5) I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent,shoes and stockings, or butcher?s bills, I went out and bought a cat…(para 2.) (6) In those days—the last of Queen Victoria—every house had its Angel. (para. 3) Text B2.(1)extravagant (2) decisive (3) pecuniary (4) distinguished (5) liberal 6) honorable(7) superior (8) tediousUnit 9 Aim of EducationKnowledge Focus2. (1) irony (2) three (3) childhood (4) hypocritical (5) statuettes(6) say (7) teenage (8) religious (9) solution (10) outstanding(11) far (12) questions3. (1) T (2) T (3) F (4) F (5) F (6) T (7) F (8) FLanguage Focus1. (1) contempt (2) exalted (3) conferred (4) heady (5) stampeded(6) contemplating (7) muscular (8) anguish (9) proficient(10) integrate2. (1) irresistible (2) satisfactorily (3) oratory (4) integration (5) acquaintance (6)conversion (7) hypocritical (8) justification (9) patriotism (10) contradictory3. (1) with (2) between (3) with, in (4) behind (5) for (6) on (7) for, but (8) out of (9)by (10) ForComprehensive Work2. (1) It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselesslytwisted toward a skirt. (Para. 28)(2) If we were counting heads, the Buddhists were the boys for my money. (Para32)(3) Mr. Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life,sexless and full of duty. (Para.23)(4) You could hear the wind, trapped in his chest andstruggling with all theunnatural impediments. His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation. He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there, useless for the rest of the morning. (Para. 22 )(5) They all came tumbling down like so many rotten apples off a tree. (Para. 42)(6) He seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible springin his nape. (Para. 23)Text B2. (1) 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
简明英国文学史问题及答案
Quiz (1)1.The first settlers of the British Isles were Celt, and Britain got its name from a branch of thispeople called Briton. But later they were driven to live in Scotland, Wales and Ireland.不列颠群岛的第一批定居者是凯尔特人，Britain的叫法则就是来源于他们的一个叫做Briton（不列颠人）的分支。
但后来他们被驱赶到苏格兰，威尔士和爱尔兰居住。
2.The Angles, Saxons and Jutes were Germanic tribes originally living on the Continent. Theymoved to the British Isles and became the ancestors of the English people.盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人是最初居住在大陆的日耳曼部落。
他们搬到不列颠群岛，成为英国人的祖先。
3.The most important event of the Old English Period was Norman Conquest, which tookplace in the year 1066.古英语时期最重要的事件是1006年发生的诺尔曼征服。
4.The Roman Catholic Church sent St. Augustine to England in 597 to convert the Englishpeople to Catholicism.罗马天主教会于597年将圣奥古斯丁派遣到英格兰，使英国人皈依天主教。
two poems of this period apart from Beowulf: Widsith, and The Seafarer.请列出这段时期的除了《贝奥武夫》两首诗：Widsith(威德西斯)和The Seafarer(水手) 6.Beowulf is an epic of Alliterative lines, and it tells the events that took place on theContinent before they moved to the British Isles.贝奥武甫（Beowulf）是一首头韵体裁的史诗，它讲述了在大陆迁移到不列颠群岛之前发生的事件。
刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【考研真题精选+章节题库】(简答题)【圣才出品】
五、简答题1.Please interpret Jane Austen’s novel Mansfield Park with“education”as a central concern.（北航2015研）Key:Like other Austen novels,this one is concerned with a young woman striving to find her place in society through individual development.Fanny comes from a poor family but is being raised by her rich aunt and uncle.Fanny has to determine her status by marrying,but only based on her character.The novel explores the issue about whether“nature”—one’s innate qualities—or“nurture”—the environment in which one is raised—is the primary determinant of character. Fanny’s virtue and her cousins,Mary and Henry Crawford’s vice seem to suggest that city life promotes vice and inhibits one’s moral development,while growing up in a country house exposes a child to all that is good.Virtue is finally rewarded in this world,and it is the primary determinant of an individual’s eventual fate.2.Based on“Death of the Laird’s Jock”and“The Tapestried Chamber”, discuss Sir Walter Scott’s art of short story structuring,paying special attention to how the way the story is told heightens the effect of the story.（武汉大学2011研）Key:Sir Walter Scott’s short story is romantic in imagination and his special short story structuring contributes a lot to the mysterious atmosphere of the story.In both“Death of the Laird’s Jock”and“The Tapestried Chamber”,SirWalter Scott tells his story in a narrative style.At first he gives all the background information of the story,which gives the story a general historical setting.And next,through some clues,he tells the strange phenomenon in the story for the reader to imagine,which adds the mysterious atmosphere to the story.Then,Sir Walter Scott tries to reveal the answer through the story itself and finally,he gives his own opinions of the story.3.Describe and make a comment on the following character in about50words: Emma Woodhouse(from Emma).（厦门大学2012研）Key:Emma Woodhouse is a beautiful girl of a rich family.She is happy,clever,and headstrong and is inordinately fond of matchmaking.But she herself is oblivious to the question of whom she might marry.Through this comedy of sentimental education,she discovers a capacity for love and marriage.4.Summarize Puritans’beliefs.（北航2011研）Key:The Puritans are seen as a society of prudish and extremely strict Christians who possess rigid orthodox and disciplined rules and beliefs,and live their lives according to the Holy Bible.The puritans believe in leading a simple and plain life, according to the most supreme scriptures of God,the Bible.They believe that their destinies are predetermined by God in terms of the soul that will be saved. They also believe that reading the Bible is the only way to reach the true salvation. Original sin,total depravity,and limited atonement,from God’s grace are theirbeliefs,too.5.What historical events combined to bring about the European Renaissance? Which word best sums up the values and ideals of the European Renaissance?（西安交大2008研）Key:(1)European Renaissance was stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture,the new discovery in geography and astronomy,the religious reformation and the economic expansion.(2)Humanism best sums up the values and ideals of the European Renaissance.European Renaissance is a historical period in which humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe and introduce new ideas.By emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of present life,the humanists voiced the assertion of the greatness of man,which was the cornerstone of the Renaissance philosophy.6.How many books does Paradise Lost consist of?Who are the four main characters in the epic,and what are the respective relations between them?（人大2006研）Key:Paradise Lost consists of ten books,the main characters in which are Satan, God,Adam and Eve.Satan and God are enemies.Adam and Eve are the first man and woman made by God.But seduced by Satan,they ate the fruits on the tree ofthe knowledge of good and evil,which annoyed God,finally were banished from the Garden of Eden.7.Please explain the theme of reconciliation in William Shakespeare’s play The Tempest;please also show your understanding of the development of Shakespeare’s thoughts by comparing this play with Hamlet.（北航2015研）Key:An examination of the major character Prospero can show that there is little true forgiveness and reconciliation.After years of banishment,Prospero finally seizes the opportunity to revenge on his brother,who usurped his throne,by putting the men through the agony of false death of Prince ter it is Ariel’s plea that convinces Prospero to end their misery.Prospero feels free to forgive those who sinned against him only after he has emerged triumphant and has seen the men,now mournful and"penitent",pay for their transgressions. Alonso’s brief and conciliatory“pardon me”is reluctant and perfunctory.And there is clearly no reconciliation amongst Prospero,Sebastian,and Antonio. Shakespeare’s thoughts of revenge seem to be more temperate here compared with Hamlet in terms of the ending.8.Why is Alexander Pope known as representative of the Enlightenment?（国际关系学院2007研）Key:Alexander Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism into England. He believed in the necessity of universal education,especially that of socialmorality,classic culture and scientific knowledge.He also assumed the role of champion of traditional civilization:of reason,classical learning,sound art,good taste and public virtue,and undertook it as his duty to“correct”and enlighten people through his poetry.His“Essay on Man”is an important work of enlightenment.9.In what way is the West Wind both a destroyer and a preserver in Shelly’s Ode to the West Wind?（南京大学2007研）Key:The poet describes vividly the activities of the west wind on the earth,in the sky and on the sea,and then expresses his envy for the boundless freedom of the west wind,and his wish to be free like the wind and to scatter his words among humankind.The west wind is the destroyer as it is turbulent and strong and destroys the wide spread vegetation.It drives the last signs of life from the trees. It is the preserver as it brings life to the dead atmosphere,and it scatters the seeds which will come to life in the spring.The west wind enjoys boundless freedom and has the power to spread messages far and wide.10.Please comment on T.S.Eliot’s poem“The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”, concerning both its themes and its style.（北航2015研）Key:The poem is an examination of the tortured psyche of the prototypical modern man—overeducated,eloquent,neurotic,and emotionally stilted.Prufrock,the poem’s speaker,seems to be addressing a potential lover,withwhom he would like to“force the moment to its crisis”by somehow consummating their relationship.But Prufrock knows too much of life to “dare”an approach to the woman.The poem is a variation on the dramatic monologue,a type of poem popular with Eliot’s predecessors.Eliot modernizes the form by removing the implied listeners and focusing on Prufrock’s interiority and isolation.The epigraph to this poem,from Dante’s Inferno,describes Prufrock’s ideal listener:one who is as lost as the speaker and will never betray to the world the content of Prufrock’s present confessions.11.Describe and make a comment on the following characters in about50words:Pip(from:Great Expectations)（厦门大学2011研）Key:Pip(Philip),an orphan and the protagonist of Great Expectations, throughout his childhood,have thought that he is going to be trained as a blacksmith,but with Magwith’s anonymous patronage,Pip travels to London and tries to learn to be a gentleman.Pip is a confused character constantly seeking his own identity,but he seems never to understand who he is or where he is going in life.The different stages of childhood,adolescence,and adulthood are important factors in this story.Growing from a young boy into adulthood,Pip develops into an adult who is more understanding of others and develops his own identity.。
英国文学史部分课后答案
Chapter11. Given an account of the history of England from the Celtic settlement to the Nor man Conquest.●600 BC ,Celts (tribal)(Britons is a branch of Celts) began to migrate to the British Isles●55 BC-407 AD, Julius Caesar invaded Britain, defeated Celts, and began nearly four centuries ofRoman occupation●450 AD, The “Saxons”(the Teutonic or Germanic tribes of Angles, Saxons, Jutes) ( originallyseafaring people along the coast of Denmark and Germany)came to the British Isles and drove the Celts to Wales, Scotland and Ireland, and settled down themselves and named the central part of the island “England”, became the masters of England and the ancestors of the English people.●Late 8-9th century, Viking(the Danes from Scandinavia ) invasions and be defeated by theWessex King, Alfred the Great (849-c899)●1066, Norman Conquest (from Normandy in northern France) : William, Duke of Normandy,defeated Harold (the last Saxon king) and became the King of England.2. How did Christianity come to England? Name the most important monasteries of this period.●It was in the year of 597 that Pope Gregory the Great of the Roman Catholic Church sent St.Augustine to England to convert the Anglo-Saxons. King Ethelbert of the Kent was the first to be converted and he founded in Kent the Canterbury Abbey. In the north, the earlier Christianized Ireland was engaged in sending missionaries to the Angles. The monasteries built by them in North Umbria were the earliest civilizing influences, and the well-known North Umbria School in literary history refers to the learned monks in these monasteries. From Canterbury and North Umbria, Christianity spread throughout the country.3. Analyze the artistic features of Beowulf, using the quoted passage to illustrate your points.①he most noticeable artistic feature of Beowulf is alliteration.②Another peculiar feature characteristic is the frequent use of kennings, to poetically present the meaning of one single word through a compound simile of two elements.③Finally, the general mood and spirit of Anglo-Saxon epic poetry is both solemn and animated, Chapter 21. What was the social and class reality of the Anglo-Norman period?●After 1066, the Anglo-Norman period began. The Norman was in origin Scandinavian. Theyprotected their feudal monarchy by a strong power. William the Conqueror divided the land of England among his followers who became barons, which the defeated Anglo-Saxons worked as serfs and peasants for them and were cruelly exploited and oppressed. Besides the king and the lords, one third of the land in the land in the country was owned by the Church. Norman-Frenchwas made the official language of the state, while English was ignored. The lowly people kept to English and gradually the invaders were assimilated. the English language survived, and becamea richer and more mature language after absorbing a great many French words into its vocabulary.At this time that the English language lost most of its old Anglo-Saxons flexions.2. Tell the three divisions of romances according to subject matter and give an example of the Matter of Britain.●Romances can be divided according to their subjects into three groups: Matter of France, Matterof Rome, and Matter of Britain. Matter of Britain: e.g. the Arthurian cycle which has its origin in the Celtic legends and consists of adventures of King Arthur and his Round-Table Knights, and Sir Gawain and Lancelot, Merlin the Magician, the quest of the Holy Grail.3. Say as much as you know about Chaucer‟s life and works.●Geoffrey Chaucer, a great narrative poet, is thought of as Father of English Poetry. He was born ina well-to-do wine merchant‟s family in London and studied at Oxford and Cambridge. In 1836he was elected during Member of Parliament. In 1389 he was made Clerk of the King‟s W orks at Westminster and Windsor. After he died, he was buried in the Westminster Abbey.●Chaucer‟s creative career is usually divided into three phases. 1, the phase of French influence, inwhich he did translations from French authors, e.g. the famous Romance of the Rose,and experimented with rhythm and structure though mostly following the conventional images and ideas. He favored and wrote allegorical visions and satires in the manner of middle Ages. The most significant work of this period is The Book of Duchess. 2, the phase of Italian influence, in which he showed an effort to learn from the Italian great poets such as Dante. The House of Fame, The Parliament of Fowls and Troilus and Criseyde are poems of this phase. 3, the English phases, or the phase of realism, in which his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales wad created.4. Comment on the artistic features of Canterbury tales.● 1 Realistic Presentation of Characters and Contemporary life. First of all we must mentionChaucer‟s realistic presentation of characters. The poet tries to give a comprehensive picture of the English society of his time and arranges to present a colorful gallery of pilgrims that covers a great range of social life.2 Chaucer‟s Humor: The Canterbury Tales wins readers with its humo r.He is well-skilled in mild and subtle irony to create humorous effects.3 unity Through a Framed Story: the Canterbury Tales is a framed story.5. Sum up Chaucer‟s achievements and contributions.●Chaucer learned from both French and Latin poetry and then worked out a unique style for theEnglish poetry. The realism and humanistic concerns demonstrated in his works looked forward to the coming English Renaissance. Because he uses the English of the London dialect tocompose poetry, it becomes a literary language, that is a language rich and expressive enough to use for literary purposes. We call the English used and developed by Chaucer and his contemporaries Middle English, which was the foundation of modern English.Chapter 31) How did England become the most powerful country during the Tudor reign?●King Henry Ⅷ of the Tudor House, who reigned from 1509 to 1547 broke from the RomanCatholic Church, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in England, confiscated their lands and made himself head of the Church of England. Henry Ⅷ also adopted policies to please the rich merchants, handicraftsmen and manufacturers who formed the newly-born middle classes.The Tudor reign reached its summit during the time of Queen Elizabeth, who adopted moderate policies to achieve a balance both between the rising middle class and the feudal lords and between the Protestants and the Catholics. It was a peaceful time and England becomes a powerful state.2) What does the word …renaissance‟ mean and why do we call this historical period the Englishrenaissance period?●Renai ssance is a fence word, meaning …rebirth‟ or …revival‟, and in particular context, it means therevival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after the long years of neglect in the medieval time. In England at first a great number of classical works were translated into English in the 15th and 16th centuries and English scholars and men of letters showed a strong interest in ancient Greek and Roman science. They followed in the wake of the intellectual and literary movement which began in the 14th century in Italy and later spread to France, Spain, Holland and other western European countries.3) Give a brief account of Thomas More‟s life and his major work Utopia.●Thomas More (1478~1535), a Parliament member and a judge by profession .he devoted hisspare time to writing and wrote the famous book Utopia in Latin, which was published in 1516.In the book More meets a traveler at Antwerp, who has seen a place called Utopia relend of nowhere‟, where communism is adopted as the social system, education is offered to all people, including women, and religious differences are tolerated. More is remembered for Utopia, which is first real significant expression of the English humanist ideal.4）Name Spenser`s major literary work and tell what it is about.●Edmund Spenser (1552~1599)●The Shepheardes Calender(1579), Spenser`s first important work, is a pastoral poem of 12 parts,one part for one month of the year, giving descriptions monthly of the English countryside. Thepoem is written in the tradition of Virgil`s verse dialogues with characters of shepherds and shepherdesses, but the main themes embodied are love, poetry and religion.●The Faerie Queene (1569), Spenser`s major achievement, however, is unfinished. It is anallegorical romance in verse. According to his plan, there should be 12 books, each telling the adventures of one knight dispatched by the Faerie Queen, Gloria, who represents glory in the general and Queen Elizabeth in particular.5）What are Bacon`s chief contributions?●The Advancement of Learning (1605), his classifies all branches of learning, which had a greatinfluence on the 18th~century compilers of encyclopedias and the 19th~century Comtians. In his Latin work Novum Organum(1620) Bacon presents his theory of scientific method which teaches how to interpret nature, discusses natural history including several natural phenomena such as the winds, and gives examples of his new method in use. Bacon is regarded as a forerunner of modern science and scientific learning.6). Who was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare? Discuss one of his plays.●Christopher Marlowe●Tamberlaine, the Great (1587), written in blank verse, is the life story of Timur the Tartar. In part 1,Marlowe shows how Tamburlaine rose to power from a shepherd-robber by defeating the king of Persia. Then he conquered the Turkish Emperor and the Soldan of Egypt. Part 2 tells more of his conquests, which went as far as Babylon. The play ended with tamburlaine`s death. In Tamburlaine we see the Renaissance pursuit of man`s power and authority. He is ruthless toward his enemies, but at the same time is capable of passionate love for the daughter of the Egyptian Soldan.7). What kind of comedy is Ben Jonson`s special contribution? And as a playwright how different is Ben Jonson from SP?●Jonson‟s theory of “humours” reduces his characters to types who represent greed,vanity,falsehood. They are flat, one-sided and have no development. Unlike him, Shakespeare digs deep into human nature and depicts the complexities of human relations. Also, Ben Jonson advocates classic Roman and Greek masters, strictly observes the three unities and disapproves of any mixture of the tragic with the comic, while Shakespeare creates according to his own judgment and the taste of the audience, and is very flexible in his handing of drama rules set by his predecessors. he was not pleased with Shakespeare for some time and criticized him for lacking good education. Their differences were so obvious that later Samuel Johnosn described one as the poet of art and the other as the poet of nature.Chapter 41) 。
英国文学选读课后答案解析Word版
英国文学选读Poems:Hamlet (Act 3, Scene 1, lines 55-86) 生存或毁灭, 这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击, 还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌, 并将其克服。
死即睡眠, 它不过如此!倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患, 那么, 此结局是可盼的! 死去, 睡去...但在睡眠中可能有梦, 啊, 这就是个阻碍: 当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊,在死之长眠中会有何梦来临? 它令我们踌躇, 使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾,否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨, 如暴君之政、骄者之傲失恋之痛、法章之慢贪官之侮、或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之? 还有谁会肯去做牛做马, 终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难, 而不远走高飞, 飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身後之事而使他犹豫不前?此境乃无人知晓之邦, 自古无返者进入我们无法知晓的地域所以,「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光, 像个病夫再之, 这些更能坏大事, 乱大谋, 使它们失去魄力。
Hamlet P81. Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means the end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can’t comeback. If he dies, Hamlet’s can't realize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind. Hamlet didn’t know at all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2. Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories…Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscovered country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of?”People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Conscience and over-considerations. He wants to revenge, but doesn’t know how. He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He livesin despair and wants to commit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They don’t know the result after their taking the action. Such as Ham let, he doesn’t know what would happen if he kills his uncle or killshimself. So Hamlet was hesitated.Sonnet 18 P15我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。
刘意青《简明英国文学史》课后习题详解(文艺复兴与莎士比亚 威廉
第4章威廉·莎士比亚1.How is Shakespeare’s literary career usually divided and what are the main achievements of each period?Key:1.Shakespeare’s literary career is usually divided into three periods.In the first period(1590-1600),he created mainly history plays and comedies. Altogether22plays were written in this period,of which we should know at least five histories:Richard III(1592),Henry IV,Part I and Part II(1597),Henry V(1598) and Julius Caesar(1599);four comedies:A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream(1595), Much Ado about Nothing(1598),A s You Like It(1599)and The Twelfth Night (1600);one problem play:The Merchant of Venice(1596);and one tragedy: Romeo and Juliet(1594).The second period(1601-1608)is the one of great tragedies,namely Hamlet (1601),Othello(1604),Macbeth(1605)and King Lear(1605).In the last period(1609-1612),Shakespeare wrote four dramatic romances,of which The Winter’s Tale(1610)and The Tempest(1612)are better known to the world.2.Cite one or two of Shakespeare’s history plays and make some comments. Key:Among Shakespeare’s history plays,the most significant ones are Henry IV, Part I and Part II,which present the troubled time of the15th-century England.Richard II,vain,politically weak and blind,was unable to keep the rebelliouslords under control.HenryⅣthen usurped the power,murdered Richard in prison and suppressed the rebellion of the feudal lords.Shakespeare is critical to the kings.He does not evade the negative sides of their personalities.But there is one exception,which is Henry IV’s son,Prince Hal,later King Henry V.He is Shakespeare’s ideal of a perfect monarch,who led England in battles against France and won glory in the Hundred Years War.But in Henry IV,during the process of growing up,Prince Hal is shown as a loose young man,mixed himself with problematic people and spent lots of time in taverns with the fat knight John Falstaff.He even gets involved in a highway robbery of his rogue friends.What is more,he is imprisoned for striking the Lord Chief Justice,and as soon as he is released he goes to the Boar’s Head Tavern to seek the company of Falstaff.But when he succeeds to the throne after Henry IV dies,he immediately becomes a capable and wise king,turning his back to the dying Falstaff.Because of this inconsistency in Prince Hal’s characterisation,critics have been arguing about how to evaluate such sudden changes in behaviour,and whether Prince Hal is a hypocrite.Falstaff is one of the most successful dramatic figures created by Shakespeare.Many show sympathy for the rejected fat knight who dies in misery and poverty.However,Henry V is Shakespeare’s ideal king who embodies the patriotism of the English nation at the time.It is Henry V who defeated the French and brought glory to the country.Therefore,one way of explaining this,offered by critics,is as follows:as he is young,Hal must have been fascinated by the riotous life at first,but all the while he is studying the society,learning about thelowly people’s life,and gaining necessary experiences,which provide him with knowledge he needs later as a king.Also Prince Hal is shown with a talent for politics and very brave in battles.Thus,in Henry IV Shakespeare has depicted the growth of a powerful king who possesses all the qualities required by the throne but who has to go through a process of apprenticeship among the people to become finally fit for his royal duties.3.Give an example of the problem plays by Shakespeare and analyse it as well as you can.Key:The Merchant of Venice is an example of the problem plays by Shakespeare.(To analyze this play according to the textbook and some more materials from other sources.)4.Tell the story of Hamlet,and discuss why Hamlet delays in taking revenge. Key:Hamlet is the prince of Denmark and a student at the University of Wittenberg.At the beginning of the play,Hamlet’s father,King Hamlet,has recently died,and his mother,Queen Gertrude,has married the new king, Hamlet’s uncle Claudius.Hamlet is melancholy,bitter,cynical and full of hatred for his uncle and disgust at his mother for marrying him.When the ghost of Hamlet’s father appears and claims to have been murdered by Claudius,Hamlet becomes obsessed with avenging his father’s death.Mistakenly,he kills Polonius,father of Ophelia.Ophelia,lover of Hamlet,goes mad because of herfather’s death and then is drowned in a stream.This leads to Ophelia’s brother —Laertes’hatred for Hamlet.In the duel between Laertes and Hamlet,Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon,which is made by Claudius.Before his death,Hamlet stabs Claudius while the queen has drunk a poisoned cup of wine intended for Hamlet.Many critics have thought about the reasons for Hamlet’s delay in taking revenge and they got uncertain answers.Goethe raised the opinion that Hamlet’s delay shows that he is a humanist and a thinker,and that he is slow in action because he thinks profoundly and is very cautious,trying to do the right thing,which explains why he organises players to stage a show in the palace of exactly what the ghost says his brother has done to him,to see how Claudius reacts to it.Goethe’s interpretation has been accepted by many.In the20th century,with the new literary theories there appears a Freudian interpretation that sees in Hamlet’s delay an Oedipus ly, because Hamlet is sad and angry at his mother’s marriage to Claudius so soon, this critic comes to the conclusion that Hamlet harbours an Oedipal love for his mother and a hatred for his own father.So,unconsciously he also wants the death of his father and does not want to kill Claudius who has done something in his behalf.5.Do you think that King Lear is a powerful tragedy and why do you think so? Key:Yes,I think that King Lear is a powerful tragedy.Because that this play isthematically more universal than Hamlet.This tragedy depicts an aged king who believes in superficial words and is vain enough to judge rashly that the daughter who fails to say flatteries things does not love him.But the price he pays for his mistake is too heavy:he hands the country into the hands of villains,makes a mess of the state affairs which finally brings about war,and in the end he sacrifices his dear daughter’s life and his own.Family relationship between parents and children and old age problem are universal themes.But here they are demonstrated in royal family and thus the mistakes made in one’s old age bring frightening tragic outcomes.Because of the theme’s relevance to every one of us,the katharsis,that is the fear and awe caused by King Lear,is greater than Hamlet.This is perhaps the reason for this tragedy’s long-time popularity everywhere and its powerfulness.6.Choose to analyse one romance by Shakespeare.Key:The Winter’s Tale is one romance by Shakespeare.It is like a fairy tale telling how an over-suspicious and jealous husband wrongs his innocent wife and his own best friend as lovers,tries to murder his friend,who luckily escapes,and orders to put his queen in prison and leave her newly-born daughter on a desolate shore to die.Seeing his mother’s suffering,the young prince grieves to death and the queen also dies in prison soon.He finally realises his own rash mistakes and is in constant grief.However,the baby girl is saved and brought up by a shepherd.Sixteen years later she meets the son of the wronged friend,andthey fall in love.In fact,his wife is not dead.She is hidden by the wife of a faithful lord.So,the play closes at the point when the king is brought before a statue that looks exactly like his dead wife though aged and the statue walks down to acknowledge him.Then all becomes well,the royal family reunites and the young couple gets married.Like King Lear,this play shows how the wrong behavior of the royal father can bring great disaster to his family.But instead of causing all the good people to suffer and die,here no villains threaten the crown and the jealous king has faithful and kind lords in his court to protect the wronged queen.So the tragedy changes its course half way and all of them live happily ever after.QuizI.Fill in the blanks:(50%)1._____broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and established_____.Key:HenryⅧthe Church of England(the Anglican Church)2.It was_____and_____who introduced Italian sonnets into England.Key:Thomas WyattHenry Howard(Earl of Surrey)_____3.Thomas More’s famous line in Utopia that exposes the calamities of the。
刘意青《简明英国文学史》配套题库【考研真题精选+章节题库】(选择题)【圣才出品】
二、选择题1.Which writer is also an important literary critic?（北二外2017研）A.Lord ByronB.Thomas MoreC.S.T.ColeridgeD.Jane Austen【答案】C【解析】塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治（Samuel Taylor Coleridge），英国诗人和评论家。
乔治·戈登·拜伦（George Gordon Byron），英国19世纪初期伟大的浪漫主义诗人。
托马斯·莫尔（St.Thomas More），欧洲早期空想社会主义学说的创始人，人文主义学者和政治家，以其名著《乌托邦》而名垂史册。
简·奥斯汀（Jane Austen），英国著名女性小说家。
故C项符合题意。
2.“Beauty is truth,truth beauty”is the leading principle of_____.（首师大2015研）A.WordsworthB.ShelleyC.KeatsD.Edgar Allan Poe【答案】C【解析】济慈的创作准则是“美即真，真即美”。
3.The works of Brontësisters are marked by strong_____elements.（四川大学2011研）A.realisticB.pragmaticC.romanticD.magical【答案】A【解析】Brontësisters是指英国现实主义女作家Charlotte Brontë，Anne Brontë和Emily Brontë。
其中以Charlotte Brontë的Jane Eyre（《简爱》）和Emily Brontë的Wuthering Height（《呼啸山庄》）最出名。
4.In the18th century English literature,the representative writer of neo-classicism is _____.（北二外2015研）A.PopeB.SwiftC.Defoeton【答案】A【解析】本题考查英国新古典主义的代表作家。
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第15章维多利亚时期小说家1.Choose to discuss one of Dickens’novels.Key:A Tale of Two Cities is a novel telling about individual destinies in a gigantic and turbulent social change like the French Revolution.The two cities referred in the title are Paris and London and the main characters shuttle between the two cities with the former as the center of all conflicts and dangers whereas the latter as the stronghold of safety and the final retreat of the victims of revolution. Unlike his other novels,this one adopts the basic tone of a romantic tale.This novel has always been well received mostly for its thrilling story and the dramatic depiction of characters.It is also good material for films and TV shows. In it we see clearly Dickens’profound sympathy for the exploited and oppressed French peasant class and the persecuted Doctor Manette.Besides the horrible rape and killing and the kidnapping of the innocent doctor to bury his whole life in prison,Dickens’strong accusation of the dissipated and cruel French aristocratic class is also shown in the famous episode of the marquis’carriage dashing through the small town and running over a poor child.Without even stopping,he throws a handful of coins out of the carriage and then orders the carriage to dash ahead,leaving the poor father howling with the dead boy in his arms.Although Dickens’sympathy is with the down-trodden French people,his attitude toward French Revolution is critical.In the novel,he depicts therevolutionary people of Paris as mobs who,guided by hatred,persecute and kill many people indiscriminately.They are described as mad with their intense desire of revenge.Madam Defarge is shown to sit in their inn knitting all day before the revolution.What she knits into the shawl is the names of those who will be sent to the guillotine as soon as they rise up to power.In the end,when trying to kill Darnay’s wife Lucie and their child,this mad woman is shot to death by Lucie’s old nurse in a very comic way.Dickens is not at all alone in abhorring the terror of the mobs after the French Revolution.Some critics criticise him for vilifying revolutionary masses as mad avengers like Madam Defarge.But we can defend him with his equal exposure and criticism in the novel of the cruelty of the French aristocracy.Dickens is, therefore,fully shown as a humanitarian writer advocating moderate reforms to better the society.2.Analyse Vanity Fair to show Thackeray’s thematic emphasis and novelistic style. Key:The sub-title of the book,“A Novel Without a Hero”emphasizes the fact that the writer’s intention was not to portray individuals,but the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole.In Vanity Fair,Thackeray has produced a gallery of characters from different strata of the English bourgeois and aristocratic circles.Except for Amelia and Dobbin,all the others are negative in one way or another with Rebecca Sharp topping all in her unscrupulous maneuvers and greed.She has become a classicimage in English literature as well as in life to represent that category of people. However,she is also a victim of that vanity-fair kind of social life.Although his depiction of the positive character Amelia is comparatively weaker,Thackeray’s satirical power and depth in this masterpiece are universally acknowledged not only in his contemporary time,but for always.3.Discuss the romantic elements in Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights.Key:In Jane Eyre,the story is romantic in nature with realistic reflections of Victorian values and social problems.In recent years,critics are paying more attention to its natural images and fairy-tale sub-structures and its references to the Bible and other literary works,which is the element of inter-textuality shown in it.For instance,Jane’s marriage to Rochester,a wealthy man from a higher class,is suggestive of the fairy tale Cinderella.Starting from Jane’s Thornfield life till the end,the novel turns from realistic exposure of the Victorian society to a romantic love affair in an almost secluded country place where strong passion, hidden secret and even Gothic settings and unexpected turns of events replace the cruel but sober reality of life in the first part.Wuthering Heights tells a story of class persecution and revenge.Love in the novel is tragic,morbid and devastating.However,in some critics’mind, Wuthering Heights resembles one of the Gothic romances of the latter part of the 18th century,with its atmosphere of horror on the lonely moor remote from the outside world,and its melodramatic effects and fantastic motifs.ment on George Eliot and her novel Middlemarch.Key:George Eliot was a talented and diligent writer.She was plain,worked hard for accomplishment to win love from her family and friends.She was brave enough to pursue her true love with a married man.She had her own selfhood. Middlemarch is regarded as Eliot’s masterpiece.It is a multi-dimensioned presentation of the provincial life in a small town called Middlemarch.There are two main plot lines:one with Dorothea Brooke’s growth,her marriage and remarriage as its central story,and the other with Doctor Lydgate’s pursuit of his professional ambition and the shattering of his dreams by his wrong marriage and the small town politics.Dorothea is Eliot’s portrait of an honest and courageous woman,who is always sincere and sympathetic toward others and has a strong sense of duty where family,friends and society are concerned.Although she is too idealistic and simple at the start,and makes quite a number of mistakes in her judgment and choice of life,her noble heart and character strength guarantee that she takes lessons from her mistakes and goes on courageously to face life.Eliot describes her musical voice,which shows her as possessing feelings and passions, but at first she is blind to her own nature and obsessed entirely with her intellectual pursuit.But in her second marriage she is able to correct her own mistake.In choosing Ladislaw,an easygoing artist who does not pretend to be authority in any field,she lets her feelings take control.She is Eliot’s ideal ofwhat we should be,that is,a person with all the basic good qualities who develops and matures through life and whose noble and benevolent heart brings good to the community.。