管理会计英文课件 (3)
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管理会计英语课件0
• Allows great discretion to design systems that provide information for helping employees and managers make decisions
• Forward looking
A Brief History
Financial v. Management Accounting
Financial Accounting
Management Accounting
• Communicates economic information to individuals and organizations that are external to the direct operations of the company
பைடு நூலகம்
Management Accounting Information
– Management accounting provides both financial information and nonfinancial information
– The role of management information supports strategic (planning), operational (operating) and control (performance evaluation) management decision making
• In short, management accounting information is pervasive and purposeful
Management Accounting Information
• Forward looking
A Brief History
Financial v. Management Accounting
Financial Accounting
Management Accounting
• Communicates economic information to individuals and organizations that are external to the direct operations of the company
பைடு நூலகம்
Management Accounting Information
– Management accounting provides both financial information and nonfinancial information
– The role of management information supports strategic (planning), operational (operating) and control (performance evaluation) management decision making
• In short, management accounting information is pervasive and purposeful
Management Accounting Information
Lesson 6 Inventory management 英文管理会计课件 Management Accounting
15
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
Inventory Management
➢ Inventory Management is planning, coordinating, and controlling activities related to the flow of inventory into, through, and out of an organization
14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000
-
Annual relevant ordering costs
Annual relevant carring costs
Annual relevant total costs
Order Quantity in units
2. To satisfy customer demand. 3. To avoid shutting down manufacturing
facilities because of machine failure, defective parts, unavailable parts, or late delivery of parts. 4. To buffer against unreliable production processes. 5. To take advantage of discounts. 6. To hedge against future price increases.
choose the inventory quantity per order to minimize costs
13
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
Inventory Management
➢ Inventory Management is planning, coordinating, and controlling activities related to the flow of inventory into, through, and out of an organization
14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000
-
Annual relevant ordering costs
Annual relevant carring costs
Annual relevant total costs
Order Quantity in units
2. To satisfy customer demand. 3. To avoid shutting down manufacturing
facilities because of machine failure, defective parts, unavailable parts, or late delivery of parts. 4. To buffer against unreliable production processes. 5. To take advantage of discounts. 6. To hedge against future price increases.
choose the inventory quantity per order to minimize costs
13
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
管理会计英语(英文版课件)1
Accounting-related Lenders Consultants Analysts Traders Managers Directors Underwriters Planners Appraisers
Financial Statements
Financial statements report on the financial performance and condition of an organization. There are four major financial statements Income Statement Balance Sheet Statement of Owner’s Equity Statement of Cash Flows
The system for recording debits and credits follows from the accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
Equity
Owner’s capital- Owner’s withdrawals+ RevenuesExpenses
Business Profit
Revenues: Amounts earned from selling products or services -Expenses: Costs incurred with revenues =Profit: Amounts earned from revenues less expenses incurred Loss occurs when expenses are more than revenues
管理会计英语课件04
• The controller wondered whether the company should continue to deemphasize the chocolate and vanilla products and keep introducing new specialty premium flavors • Ericson’s manufacturing manager commented on how the introduction of specialty flavors had changed the production environment
14,040 5,400 16,200 35,640
$ 6,210 14.8%
1,650 600 1,800 4,050
150,690 60,000 180,000 390,690
Gross Margin
$ 900 $ 61,110 18.2%oncern
$180,000
9,000 $ 4.65
$41,850
1,000 $ 4.95
$4,950
100,000
$451,800
Total Mfg. Expenses
75,000 30,000 90,000 195,000
$ 30,000 13.3%
60,000 24,000 72,000 156,000
$ 24,000 13.3%
Activity-Based Cost Systems
Chapter 4
Simple Cost Accounting Systems: Ericson Ice Cream Company Example
• Ericson had been the low-cost producer of chocolate and vanilla ice cream, with profit margins exceeding 20% of sales • Several years ago Ericson expanded their business by extending their product line into products with premium selling prices
14,040 5,400 16,200 35,640
$ 6,210 14.8%
1,650 600 1,800 4,050
150,690 60,000 180,000 390,690
Gross Margin
$ 900 $ 61,110 18.2%oncern
$180,000
9,000 $ 4.65
$41,850
1,000 $ 4.95
$4,950
100,000
$451,800
Total Mfg. Expenses
75,000 30,000 90,000 195,000
$ 30,000 13.3%
60,000 24,000 72,000 156,000
$ 24,000 13.3%
Activity-Based Cost Systems
Chapter 4
Simple Cost Accounting Systems: Ericson Ice Cream Company Example
• Ericson had been the low-cost producer of chocolate and vanilla ice cream, with profit margins exceeding 20% of sales • Several years ago Ericson expanded their business by extending their product line into products with premium selling prices
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch13
The Payback Method – Part 3
Management at the Daily Grind wants to install an espresso bar in its restaurant that
1. Costs $140,000 and has a 10-year life. 2. Will generate annual net cash inflows of
Serves as screening
tool.
Strengths
Identifies investments that recoup
cash investments
quickly.
Identifies products that recoup initial investment
quickly.
Payback and Uneven Cash Flows – Part 1
cost out of the cash receipts that it generates.
The Payback Method – Part 2
The payback method analyzes cash flows; however, it does not consider the time value of money.
Payback period =
Investment required Annual net cash inflow
$140,000 Payback period = $35,000
Payback period = 4.0 years
According to the company’s criterion, management would invest in the espresso bar because its payback period is less than 5 years.
管理会计英文课件
$ 0.026 $ 104 ???? $ 40 ???? ???? $ 25
12-9
Identifying Relevant Costs
Which costs and benefits are relevant in Cynthia’s decision? The cost of the car is a sunk cost and is not relevant to the current decision. The annual cost of insurance is not relevant. It will remain the same if she drives or takes the train.
12-3
Relevant Costs and Benefits
A relevant cost is a cost that differs between alternatives. A relevant benefit is a benefit that differs between alternatives.
Relaxing on the train is relevant even though it is difficult to assign a dollar value to the benefit.
The kennel cost is not relevant because Cynthia will incur the cost if she drives or takes the train.
However, the cost of gasoline is clearly relevant if she decides to drive. If she takes the train, the cost would not be incurred, so it varies depending on the decision.
管理会计英文课件 (4)
Work in Process Department B •Direct •Cost of Materials Goods •Direct Manufactured Labor •Applied Overhead •Transferred from Dept. A
Finished Goods
•Cost of Goods Manufactured
4-16
Process Cost Flows: The Flow of Manufacturing Overhead Costs (in T-account form)
Work in Process Department A Manufacturing Overhead
•Actual Overhead
Direct Labor
Processing Department
Finished Goods
Manufacturing Overhead
Cost of Goods Sold
4-11
T-Account and Journal Entry Views of Process Cost Flows
For purposes of this example, assume there are two processing departments – Departments A and B. We will use T-accounts and journal entries.
4-14
Process Cost Flows: The Flow of Labor Costs (in T-account form)
Salaries and Wages Payable
•Direct Labor
Finished Goods
•Cost of Goods Manufactured
4-16
Process Cost Flows: The Flow of Manufacturing Overhead Costs (in T-account form)
Work in Process Department A Manufacturing Overhead
•Actual Overhead
Direct Labor
Processing Department
Finished Goods
Manufacturing Overhead
Cost of Goods Sold
4-11
T-Account and Journal Entry Views of Process Cost Flows
For purposes of this example, assume there are two processing departments – Departments A and B. We will use T-accounts and journal entries.
4-14
Process Cost Flows: The Flow of Labor Costs (in T-account form)
Salaries and Wages Payable
•Direct Labor
[管理学]管理会计英语课件04
![[管理学]管理会计英语课件04](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/b32408d09e3143323968937e.png)
Activity-Based Cost Systems
• Activity-based cost systems have been developed to eliminate this major source of cost distortion • Activity-based cost (ABC) management systems use a simple two-stage approach similar to but more general than traditional cost systems
Total Profitability by Product
vanilla chocolate strawberry Mochaalmond Total
Units Price Sales Material Labor
Overhead
50,000 $ 4.50
$225,000
40,000 $ 4.50
Ericson’s Cost System
• Ericson’s management accountants designed the system years ago when:
– Production operations were mostly manual – Total indirect costs were less than direct labor costs – Cooper’s two products had similar production volumes and batch sizes
Activity-Based Cost Systems
Chapter 4
Simple Cost Accounting Systems: Ericson Ice Cream Company Example
管理会计英语培训课程PPT课件(45张)
Short-term and Long-term Pricing Considerations
• The length of time a firm must commit its production capacity to fill that order is important because a long-term capacity commitment to a marginally profitable order may:
– Managers make decisions about establishing or accepting a price for their products
– Even when prices are set by the market and the firm has little or no influence on product prices, management still has to decide the best mix of products to manufacture and sell
– Such a firm is a price taker, and it chooses its product mix given the prices set in the marketplace for its products
Ability To Influence Prices
– Firms in an industry with relatively little competition, who enjoy large market shares and exercise industry leadership, must decide what prices to set for their products
管理会计案例培训教材英文版(ppt 75)
All sales are on account. Royal’s collection pattern is:
70% collected in the month of sale, 25% collected in the month following sale, 5% is uncollectible.
Advantages of Budgeting
Communicating plans
Define goal and objectives
Think about and plan for the future
Coordinate activities
Advantages
Means of allocating resources
April 20,000
10,000 30,000
4,000 26,000
May 50,000
6,000 56,000
June 30,000
Quarter 100,000
The Production Budget
Budgeted sales
Add desired ending inventory Total needed Less beginning inventory Required production
Budget
Manufacturing Overhead Budget
The Master Budget
Sales Budget
Ending Inventory
Budget
Direct Materials Budget
Production Budget
Direct Labor Budget
Selling and Administrative
70% collected in the month of sale, 25% collected in the month following sale, 5% is uncollectible.
Advantages of Budgeting
Communicating plans
Define goal and objectives
Think about and plan for the future
Coordinate activities
Advantages
Means of allocating resources
April 20,000
10,000 30,000
4,000 26,000
May 50,000
6,000 56,000
June 30,000
Quarter 100,000
The Production Budget
Budgeted sales
Add desired ending inventory Total needed Less beginning inventory Required production
Budget
Manufacturing Overhead Budget
The Master Budget
Sales Budget
Ending Inventory
Budget
Direct Materials Budget
Production Budget
Direct Labor Budget
Selling and Administrative
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch10B
Material quantity variance: Material quantity variance = SP(AQ – SQ) Material quantity variance = $6.00 per pound(20,150 - 19,500) Material quantity variance = $3,900 U
2. Clearing accounts begin and end with a zero balance.
3. Only Cash, Raw Materials, Work in Process, Finished Goods, and Property, Plant, and Equipment, net, accumulated depreciation, and Retained Earnings are used here.
Dexter Company Income Statement For Year Ended 12/31/17 (dollars in thousands)
Sales Cost of goods sold at standard Total variance adjustments Cost of goods sold Gross margin
Standard Cost Systems: A Financial Reporting Perspective Using Microsoft Excel
APPENDIX 10B
Learning Objective 5
Prepare an income statement using a standard cost system.
Calculating the Variances – Overhead
2. Clearing accounts begin and end with a zero balance.
3. Only Cash, Raw Materials, Work in Process, Finished Goods, and Property, Plant, and Equipment, net, accumulated depreciation, and Retained Earnings are used here.
Dexter Company Income Statement For Year Ended 12/31/17 (dollars in thousands)
Sales Cost of goods sold at standard Total variance adjustments Cost of goods sold Gross margin
Standard Cost Systems: A Financial Reporting Perspective Using Microsoft Excel
APPENDIX 10B
Learning Objective 5
Prepare an income statement using a standard cost system.
Calculating the Variances – Overhead
管理会计英文课件 (2)
A. Manufacturing equipment depreciation. B. Property taxes on corporate headquarters. C. Direct materials costs. D. Electrical costs to light the production facility. E. Sales commissions.
Fixed costs would increase in a step fashion at a rate of $30,000 for each additional 1,000 square feet.
2-23
Fixed Costs and the Relevant Range
Rent Cost in Thousands of Dollars 90
Advertising and Research and Development
2-21
The Linearity Assumption and the Relevant Range
Economist’s Curvilinear Cost Function Relevant Range
A straight line closely approximates a curvilinear variable cost line within the relevant range.
2-15
Variable Cost
Your total texting bill is based on how many texts you send.
Total Texting Bill
Number of Texts Sent
2-16
Fixed costs would increase in a step fashion at a rate of $30,000 for each additional 1,000 square feet.
2-23
Fixed Costs and the Relevant Range
Rent Cost in Thousands of Dollars 90
Advertising and Research and Development
2-21
The Linearity Assumption and the Relevant Range
Economist’s Curvilinear Cost Function Relevant Range
A straight line closely approximates a curvilinear variable cost line within the relevant range.
2-15
Variable Cost
Your total texting bill is based on how many texts you send.
Total Texting Bill
Number of Texts Sent
2-16
管理会计英文版
5000
2500
Manufactures
1000 Fuels and mining products
500
Agricultural products
250
100
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Source: World Trade Organization, International Trade Statistic 2010
• Identify job descriptions as either line or staff positions.
• Explain the concepts of lean production: Six Sigma, e-commerce, enterprise systems, and enterprise risk management. • Explain the importance of ethical standards in an advanced economy.
1-11
1.1 Information needs of managers and other users
1. Background
• Globalization –> More competition – >Timely, up to date, and relevant information needed
• For final exam • 15 MCQs 30 points • 5-6 Calculation questions 70 points
1-3
Main Contents of MA1
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch01
Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers within an organization so that they can formulate plans, control operations, and make decisions.
changes in activity 5. Making decisions
Learning Objective 1
Understand cost classifications used for assigning costs to cost objects: direct costs and
• Once units of product are completed, their costs are transferred from Work in Process to Finished Goods.
• When a manufacturer sells its finished goods to customers, the costs are transferred from Finished Goods to Cost of Goods Sold.
Example: Wages paid to automobile assembly workers
Manufacturing Overhead
Manufacturing overhead includes all manufacturing costs except direct material and direct labor. These costs cannot be readily
changes in activity 5. Making decisions
Learning Objective 1
Understand cost classifications used for assigning costs to cost objects: direct costs and
• Once units of product are completed, their costs are transferred from Work in Process to Finished Goods.
• When a manufacturer sells its finished goods to customers, the costs are transferred from Finished Goods to Cost of Goods Sold.
Example: Wages paid to automobile assembly workers
Manufacturing Overhead
Manufacturing overhead includes all manufacturing costs except direct material and direct labor. These costs cannot be readily
财务管理会计案例培训课件英文版
costs of the activity involved.
Product-Level Activity
Organizationsustaining Activity
Customer-Level Activity
Identifying Activity to Include
Activity Cost Pool is a “bucket” in
Factory equipment depreciation
$300,000
Percent consumed by customer orders 20%
$ 60,000
Assigning Costs to Activity Cost Pools
Using the total costs and percentage consumption of overhead, costs are assigned to activity pools.
and then to products.
Departmental Overhead Rates
Indirect
Stage One:
Labor
Costs assigned
to pools
Cost pools
Department 1
Indirect Materials
Department 2
Other Overhead
Activity Based Costing
Departmental Overhead Rates
Plantwide Overhead
Rate
Overhead Allocation
Plantwide Overhead Rate
Product-Level Activity
Organizationsustaining Activity
Customer-Level Activity
Identifying Activity to Include
Activity Cost Pool is a “bucket” in
Factory equipment depreciation
$300,000
Percent consumed by customer orders 20%
$ 60,000
Assigning Costs to Activity Cost Pools
Using the total costs and percentage consumption of overhead, costs are assigned to activity pools.
and then to products.
Departmental Overhead Rates
Indirect
Stage One:
Labor
Costs assigned
to pools
Cost pools
Department 1
Indirect Materials
Department 2
Other Overhead
Activity Based Costing
Departmental Overhead Rates
Plantwide Overhead
Rate
Overhead Allocation
Plantwide Overhead Rate
管理会计名词解释(英文)
Prime cost: The sum of direct materials and direct labor costs, as these are the primary inputs into the production process.
Chapter 4
Cost structure: The proportion of the total costs that are variable and fixed.
Relevant range: A firm's normal reange of operations. Over this range, we expect a stable relation between activity and cost.
Segment margin: The contribution margin of a segment( e.g., product, customer, geographical region) less traceable fixed costs.
Controller: The person in an organization who manages the day-to-day accounting and issues guidance concerning corporate accounting policies.
Treasurer: The person in an organiztion who manages cash flows and serves as the contact point for banks, bondholders, and other creditors.
管理会计案例教材英文版ppt70dymg
1.5 pounds per Zippy at $4.00 per pound
Last week 1,700 pounds of material were purchased and used to make 1,000 Zippies.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Human Resources Manager
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Setting Direct Material Standards
Price Standards
Quantity Standards
Final, delivered cost of materials, net of discounts.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Standard Cost Card – Variable Production Cost
A standard cost card for one unit of product might look like this:
Actual Quantity ×
Actual Price
Actual Quantity ×
Standard Price
Standard Quantity ×
Standard Price
Price Variance
Quantity Variance
Standard quantity is the quantity allowed for the actual good output.
Standards vs. Budgets
Last week 1,700 pounds of material were purchased and used to make 1,000 Zippies.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Human Resources Manager
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Setting Direct Material Standards
Price Standards
Quantity Standards
Final, delivered cost of materials, net of discounts.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Standard Cost Card – Variable Production Cost
A standard cost card for one unit of product might look like this:
Actual Quantity ×
Actual Price
Actual Quantity ×
Standard Price
Standard Quantity ×
Standard Price
Price Variance
Quantity Variance
Standard quantity is the quantity allowed for the actual good output.
Standards vs. Budgets
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3-3
Job-Order Costing: An Overview
Examples of companies that would use job-order costing include:
1. Boeing (aircraft manufacturing) 2. Bechtel International (large scale construction) 3. Walt Disney Studios (movie production)
PearCo estimates that it will require 160,000 direct labor-hours to meet the coming period’s estimated production level. In addition, the company estimates total fixed manufacturing overhead at $200,000, and variable manufacturing overhead costs of $2.75 per direct labor hour.
POHR =
POHR = $4.00 per direct labor-hour
3-18
Job-Order Cost Accounting
3-19
Learning Objective 3
Compute the total cost and average cost per unit of a job.
Job-Order Costing
Chapter 3
PowerPoint Authors: Susan Coomer Galbreath, Ph.D., CPA Charles W. Caldwell, D.B.A., CMA Jon A. Booker, Ph.D., CPA, CIA Cynthia J. Rooney, Ph.D., CPA
Estimated total manufacturing overhead cost for the coming period
Estimated total units in the allocation base for the coming period
Ideally, the allocation base is a cost driver that causes overhead.
3-14
The Need for a POHR
Using a predetermined rate makes it possible to estimate total job costs sooner.
Actual overhead for the period is not known until the end of the period.
3-15
Computing Predetermined Overhead Rates
The predetermined overhead rate is computed before the period begins using a four-step process. 1.Estimate the total amount of the allocation base (the denominator) that will be required for next period’s estimated level of production. 2.Estimate the total fixed manufacturing overhead cost for the coming period and the variable manufacturing overhead cost per unit of the allocation base. e the following equation to estimate the total amount of manufacturing overhead:
3-5
Job-Order Costing – An Example
Direct Materials
Job No. 1
Direct Labor Job No. 2 Job No. 3
Manufacturing Overhead
Manufacturing Overhead, including indirect materials and indirect labor, are allocated to all jobs rather than directly traced to each job.
We use an allocation base because: a. It is impossible or difficult to trace overhead costs to particular jobs. b. Manufacturing overhead consists of many different items ranging from the grease used in machines to the production manager’s salary. c. Many types of manufacturing overhead costs are fixed even though output fluctuates during the period.
Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
3-2
Job-Order Costing: An Overview
Job-order costing systems are used when:
1. Many different products are produced each period. 2. Products are manufactured to order. 3. The unique nature of each order requires tracing or allocating costs to each job, and maintaining cost records for each job.
3-6
The Job Cost Sheet
PearCo Job Cost Sheet
Job Number A - 143
Department B3 Item Wooden cargo crate
Date Initiated 3-4-11 Date Completed Units Completed
pute the predetermined overhead rate.
3-16
Learning Objective 2
Apply overhead cost to jobs using a predetermined overhead rate.
3-17
Overhead Application Rate
3-20
Job-Order Cost Accounting
3-21
Job-Order Cost Accounting
3-22
Quick Check
Job WR53 at NW Fab, Inc. required $200 of direct materials and 10 direct labor hours at $15 per hour. Estimated total overhead for the year was $760,000 and estimated direct labor hours were 20,000. What would be recorded as the cost of job WR53?
3-4
Job-Order Costing – An Example
Direct Materials
Job No. 1
Direct Labor Job No. 2 Job No. 3
Charge direct material and direct labor costs to each job as work is performed.
Y = a + bX Y = $200,000 + ($2.75 per direct labor-hour × 160,000 direct labor-hours) Y = $200,000 + $440,000 Y = $640,000 $640,000 estimated total manufacturing overhead 160,000 estimated direct labor hours (DLH)
Y = a + bX Where, Y = The estimated total manufacturing overhead cost a = The estimated total fixed manufacturing overhead cost b = The estimated variable manufacturing overhead cost per unit of the allocation base X = The estimated total amount of the allocation base.
Job-Order Cost Accounting
3-11
Learning Objective 1
Compute a predetermined overhead rate.
3-12
Why Use an Allocation Base?