管理会计英文课件(8)
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加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch10A
( ) Volume
variance
=
$3.00 per machine-hour
×
90,000 mach-hours
–
84,000 mach-hours
Volume = 18,000 Unfavorable variance
A Pictorial View of the Variances
Actual Fixed Overhead
$
4.00 per machine-hour
Standard machine-hrs. allowed for the act. prod. (b)
84,000 machine hours
Manufacturing overhead applied (a) × (b)
$ 336,000
Actual manufacturing overhead
Actual $280,000 Budget $270,000
{ Budget Variance 10,000 U
0
0
Machine-hours (000)
Denominator hours
90
Graphic Analysis of Fixed Overhead Variances – Part 3
Reconciling Overhead Variances and Underapplied or Overapplied Overhead
In a standard cost system:
Unfavorable variances are equivalent to underapplied overhead.
Fixed Overhead Applied
管理会计英语课件0
• Allows great discretion to design systems that provide information for helping employees and managers make decisions
• Forward looking
A Brief History
Financial v. Management Accounting
Financial Accounting
Management Accounting
• Communicates economic information to individuals and organizations that are external to the direct operations of the company
பைடு நூலகம்
Management Accounting Information
– Management accounting provides both financial information and nonfinancial information
– The role of management information supports strategic (planning), operational (operating) and control (performance evaluation) management decision making
• In short, management accounting information is pervasive and purposeful
Management Accounting Information
• Forward looking
A Brief History
Financial v. Management Accounting
Financial Accounting
Management Accounting
• Communicates economic information to individuals and organizations that are external to the direct operations of the company
பைடு நூலகம்
Management Accounting Information
– Management accounting provides both financial information and nonfinancial information
– The role of management information supports strategic (planning), operational (operating) and control (performance evaluation) management decision making
• In short, management accounting information is pervasive and purposeful
Management Accounting Information
Lesson 6 Inventory management 英文管理会计课件 Management Accounting
15
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
Inventory Management
➢ Inventory Management is planning, coordinating, and controlling activities related to the flow of inventory into, through, and out of an organization
14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000
-
Annual relevant ordering costs
Annual relevant carring costs
Annual relevant total costs
Order Quantity in units
2. To satisfy customer demand. 3. To avoid shutting down manufacturing
facilities because of machine failure, defective parts, unavailable parts, or late delivery of parts. 4. To buffer against unreliable production processes. 5. To take advantage of discounts. 6. To hedge against future price increases.
choose the inventory quantity per order to minimize costs
13
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
Inventory Management
➢ Inventory Management is planning, coordinating, and controlling activities related to the flow of inventory into, through, and out of an organization
14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000
-
Annual relevant ordering costs
Annual relevant carring costs
Annual relevant total costs
Order Quantity in units
2. To satisfy customer demand. 3. To avoid shutting down manufacturing
facilities because of machine failure, defective parts, unavailable parts, or late delivery of parts. 4. To buffer against unreliable production processes. 5. To take advantage of discounts. 6. To hedge against future price increases.
choose the inventory quantity per order to minimize costs
13
Topic 1: Inventory management and EOQ
管理会计英语(英文版课件)1
Accounting-related Lenders Consultants Analysts Traders Managers Directors Underwriters Planners Appraisers
Financial Statements
Financial statements report on the financial performance and condition of an organization. There are four major financial statements Income Statement Balance Sheet Statement of Owner’s Equity Statement of Cash Flows
The system for recording debits and credits follows from the accounting equation: Assets = Liabilities + Owner’s Equity
Equity
Owner’s capital- Owner’s withdrawals+ RevenuesExpenses
Business Profit
Revenues: Amounts earned from selling products or services -Expenses: Costs incurred with revenues =Profit: Amounts earned from revenues less expenses incurred Loss occurs when expenses are more than revenues
管理会计课件 英文
1 - 11 1-11 - 11111111h11111ythtr
The Nature of Planning and Controlling
Management Process Internal Accounting System
Budgets, Special Reports
Other information systems
Mayfair Starbucks Store, March 31, 20X1
Sales Less: Ingredients Store labor Other labor Utilities, etc. Total expenses Operating income
Budget $50,000
22,000 12,000 6,000 4,500 $44,500 $ 5,500
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 1 - 14 1-11 - 14111111h11111ythtr
Budget: quantitative expression of a plan of action
Performance reports: compare actual results with budgeted amounts provide feedback by comparing results with plans highlight variances
Actual $50,000
24,500 11,600 6,050 4,500 $46,650 $ 3,350
Variance 0
$2,500 U 400 F 50 U 0 $2,150 U $2,150 U
成本与管理会计亨格瑞第版英文版CA
the budget period. ➢ The master budget is an example of a static budget.
Flexible budget
➢ Developed using budgeted revenues or cost amounts based on the level of output actually achieved in the budget period.
Step 1: Determine the actual output. In April 2008, 10,000 suits were produced and sold.
Step 2: Determine the flexible budget for revenues based on budgeted selling price and actual output.
2020/7/12
16
16
2020/7/12
17
17
Hmm! Comparing static budgets
with actual costs is like comparing apples and oranges.
2020/7/12
18
18
Reasons for variance
Inaccurate forecasting of output units sold Or
Actual Vs Standard
2020/7/12
Variance
2
2
Basic Concepts
Variance – difference between an actual and an expected (budgeted) amount
Flexible budget
➢ Developed using budgeted revenues or cost amounts based on the level of output actually achieved in the budget period.
Step 1: Determine the actual output. In April 2008, 10,000 suits were produced and sold.
Step 2: Determine the flexible budget for revenues based on budgeted selling price and actual output.
2020/7/12
16
16
2020/7/12
17
17
Hmm! Comparing static budgets
with actual costs is like comparing apples and oranges.
2020/7/12
18
18
Reasons for variance
Inaccurate forecasting of output units sold Or
Actual Vs Standard
2020/7/12
Variance
2
2
Basic Concepts
Variance – difference between an actual and an expected (budgeted) amount
管理会计英文课件 (7)
7-12
How Costs are Treated Under Activity–Based Costing
Unit-Level Activity Batch-Level Activity
Manufacturing companies typically combine their activities into five classifications.
7-4
How Costs are Treated Under Activity–Based Costing
ABC differs from traditional cost accounting in three ways. Manufacturing costs Nonmanufacturing costs
Product-Level Activity Customer-Level Activity
Organizationsustaining Activity
7-13
Characteristics of Successful ABC Implementations
Strong top management support Link to evaluations and rewards
Activity-Based Costing: A Tool to Aid Decision Making
Chapter 7
PowerPoint Authors: Susan Coomer Galbreath, Ph.D., CPA Charles W. Caldwell, D.B.A., CMA Jon A. Booker, Ph.D., CPA, CIA Cynthia J. Rooney, Ph.D., CPA
管理会计英文课件
$ 0.026 $ 104 ???? $ 40 ???? ???? $ 25
12-9
Identifying Relevant Costs
Which costs and benefits are relevant in Cynthia’s decision? The cost of the car is a sunk cost and is not relevant to the current decision. The annual cost of insurance is not relevant. It will remain the same if she drives or takes the train.
12-3
Relevant Costs and Benefits
A relevant cost is a cost that differs between alternatives. A relevant benefit is a benefit that differs between alternatives.
Relaxing on the train is relevant even though it is difficult to assign a dollar value to the benefit.
The kennel cost is not relevant because Cynthia will incur the cost if she drives or takes the train.
However, the cost of gasoline is clearly relevant if she decides to drive. If she takes the train, the cost would not be incurred, so it varies depending on the decision.
管理会计英语英文版课件
owner’s equity, net income explains most of the change that takes place in owner’s equity during a period. Contributions and withdrawals by owners also affect owner’s equity.
Balance Sheet
As you know, the balance sheet reports assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity at a moment in time. The income statement summarizes revenue and expense transactions that occur during a period of time. Since revenue and expense transactions affect
Ex. assume that a machine has a cost of $4,900, an economic life of five years, and an estimated residual value of $400.
Annual depreciation expense=($4,900 - $400)/
There are several commonly used methods: straight-line, units-of-production , sum-of-theyears’ digits and declining-balance.
Methods of Calcine Method
The straight-line (SL) method allocates an equal
Balance Sheet
As you know, the balance sheet reports assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity at a moment in time. The income statement summarizes revenue and expense transactions that occur during a period of time. Since revenue and expense transactions affect
Ex. assume that a machine has a cost of $4,900, an economic life of five years, and an estimated residual value of $400.
Annual depreciation expense=($4,900 - $400)/
There are several commonly used methods: straight-line, units-of-production , sum-of-theyears’ digits and declining-balance.
Methods of Calcine Method
The straight-line (SL) method allocates an equal
管理会计案资料新例培训教材英文版(ppt 75)
the manager can actually control to a significant extent.
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Choosing the Budget Period
Operating Budget
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Participative Budget System
Top Management
Middle Management
Middle Management
Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor
Selling and Administrative
Budget
Manufacturing Overhead Budget
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Cash Budget
Budgeted Financial Statements
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Flow of Budget Data
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
The Budget Committee
A standing committee responsible for
❖overall policy matters relating to the budget ❖coordinating the preparation of the budget
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Choosing the Budget Period
Operating Budget
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Participative Budget System
Top Management
Middle Management
Middle Management
Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor Supervisor
Selling and Administrative
Budget
Manufacturing Overhead Budget
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
Cash Budget
Budgeted Financial Statements
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
Flow of Budget Data
Irwin/McGraw-Hill
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2000
The Budget Committee
A standing committee responsible for
❖overall policy matters relating to the budget ❖coordinating the preparation of the budget
管理会计案例培训教材英文版(ppt 75)
All sales are on account. Royal’s collection pattern is:
70% collected in the month of sale, 25% collected in the month following sale, 5% is uncollectible.
Advantages of Budgeting
Communicating plans
Define goal and objectives
Think about and plan for the future
Coordinate activities
Advantages
Means of allocating resources
April 20,000
10,000 30,000
4,000 26,000
May 50,000
6,000 56,000
June 30,000
Quarter 100,000
The Production Budget
Budgeted sales
Add desired ending inventory Total needed Less beginning inventory Required production
Budget
Manufacturing Overhead Budget
The Master Budget
Sales Budget
Ending Inventory
Budget
Direct Materials Budget
Production Budget
Direct Labor Budget
Selling and Administrative
70% collected in the month of sale, 25% collected in the month following sale, 5% is uncollectible.
Advantages of Budgeting
Communicating plans
Define goal and objectives
Think about and plan for the future
Coordinate activities
Advantages
Means of allocating resources
April 20,000
10,000 30,000
4,000 26,000
May 50,000
6,000 56,000
June 30,000
Quarter 100,000
The Production Budget
Budgeted sales
Add desired ending inventory Total needed Less beginning inventory Required production
Budget
Manufacturing Overhead Budget
The Master Budget
Sales Budget
Ending Inventory
Budget
Direct Materials Budget
Production Budget
Direct Labor Budget
Selling and Administrative
管理会计英语8ppt课件
• A major role for control systems is to motivate behavior congruent with the desires of the organization since human interests and motivation can vary significantly
• Many managers try to implement new systems without considering the behavioral implications and consequences of a MACS
• Negative consequences: ▪ Goal congruence may not occur ▪ Motivation could be low ▪ Employees may be encouraged to engage in dysfunctional behavior
• A set of ethical principles is at the center of many boundary systems
• MACS should incorporate the principles of an organization’s code of ethical conduct
Central Assumptions of
HRMM
• Organizations operate under a system of beliefs about the values, purpose, and direction of their organization
• People find work enjoyable and desire to participate in:
• Many managers try to implement new systems without considering the behavioral implications and consequences of a MACS
• Negative consequences: ▪ Goal congruence may not occur ▪ Motivation could be low ▪ Employees may be encouraged to engage in dysfunctional behavior
• A set of ethical principles is at the center of many boundary systems
• MACS should incorporate the principles of an organization’s code of ethical conduct
Central Assumptions of
HRMM
• Organizations operate under a system of beliefs about the values, purpose, and direction of their organization
• People find work enjoyable and desire to participate in:
管理会计英文版
5000
2500
Manufactures
1000 Fuels and mining products
500
Agricultural products
250
100
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Source: World Trade Organization, International Trade Statistic 2010
• Identify job descriptions as either line or staff positions.
• Explain the concepts of lean production: Six Sigma, e-commerce, enterprise systems, and enterprise risk management. • Explain the importance of ethical standards in an advanced economy.
1-11
1.1 Information needs of managers and other users
1. Background
• Globalization –> More competition – >Timely, up to date, and relevant information needed
• For final exam • 15 MCQs 30 points • 5-6 Calculation questions 70 points
1-3
Main Contents of MA1
财务管理会计案例教材英文版
Final, delivered cost of materials, net of discounts.
Use product design specifications.
Setting Direct Labor Standards
Rate Standards
Time Standards
Use wage surveys and labor contracts.
Use time and motion studies for each labor operation.
Setting Variable Overhead
Standards
Rate Standards
Activity Standards
The rate is the variable portion of the predetermined overhead
But why are variances
having responsibility for incurring the costs.
important to me?
Variance Analysis Cycle
Identify questions
Total standard unit cost
3.0 lbs. 2.5 hours 2.5 hours
$ 4.00 per lb. $ 14.00 per hour 3.00 per hour $
12.00 35.00
7.50 54.50
Standards vs. Budgets
Are standards the same as budgets?
might look like this:
加里森管理会计教学课件最新英文精品Garrison16e_PPTch01
Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers within an organization so that they can formulate plans, control operations, and make decisions.
changes in activity 5. Making decisions
Learning Objective 1
Understand cost classifications used for assigning costs to cost objects: direct costs and
• Once units of product are completed, their costs are transferred from Work in Process to Finished Goods.
• When a manufacturer sells its finished goods to customers, the costs are transferred from Finished Goods to Cost of Goods Sold.
Example: Wages paid to automobile assembly workers
Manufacturing Overhead
Manufacturing overhead includes all manufacturing costs except direct material and direct labor. These costs cannot be readily
changes in activity 5. Making decisions
Learning Objective 1
Understand cost classifications used for assigning costs to cost objects: direct costs and
• Once units of product are completed, their costs are transferred from Work in Process to Finished Goods.
• When a manufacturer sells its finished goods to customers, the costs are transferred from Finished Goods to Cost of Goods Sold.
Example: Wages paid to automobile assembly workers
Manufacturing Overhead
Manufacturing overhead includes all manufacturing costs except direct material and direct labor. These costs cannot be readily
管理会计英文课件
2. Allow the weakest link to set the tempo.
1. Identify the weakest link.
3. Focus on improving the weakest link. 4. Recognize that the weakest link is no longer so.
Maintain professional competence.
Competence
Provide accurate, clear, concise, and timely decision support information.
Follow applicable laws, regulations and standards.
Managerial Accounting and the Business Environment
Chapter 1
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Customer Value Propositions
Board of Directors
Incentives and monitoring for
Top Management
To pursue objectives of
Stockholders
1-16
Enterprise Risk Management
Should I try to avoid the risk, share the risk, accept the risk, or reduce the risk?
管理会计名词解释(英文)
Prime cost: The sum of direct materials and direct labor costs, as these are the primary inputs into the production process.
Chapter 4
Cost structure: The proportion of the total costs that are variable and fixed.
Relevant range: A firm's normal reange of operations. Over this range, we expect a stable relation between activity and cost.
Segment margin: The contribution margin of a segment( e.g., product, customer, geographical region) less traceable fixed costs.
Controller: The person in an organization who manages the day-to-day accounting and issues guidance concerning corporate accounting policies.
Treasurer: The person in an organiztion who manages cash flows and serves as the contact point for banks, bondholders, and other creditors.
管理会计英文课件 (8)
8-24
Learning Objective 3
Prepare a production budget.
8-25
The Production Budget
Sales Budget and Expected Cash Collections Production Budget
Copyright © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
8-2
Learning Objective 1
Understand why organizations budget and the processes they use to create budgets.
Manufacturing overhead budget
Cash Budget
Budgeted income statement
Budgeted balance sheet
8-14
Learning Objective 2
Prepare a sales budget, including a schedule of expected cash collections.
8-9
Advantages of Self-Imposed Budgets
1. Individuals at all levels of the organization are viewed as members of the team whose judgments are valued by top management. 2. Budget estimates prepared by front-line managers are often more accurate than estimates prepared by top managers. 3. Motivation is generally higher when individuals participate in setting their own goals than when the goals are imposed from above. 4. A manager who is not able to meet a budget imposed from above can claim that it was unrealistic. Self-imposed budgets eliminate thisected Cash Collections