不定式的用法总结

三. 不定式的时态： 1.一般时表示的动作, 有时与谓语动词表示的
动作同时发生, 有时发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之后。 He seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。 I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你。 2. 完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的 动作之前。 很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。
The policeman saw a child play in the street. Don’t make the children do such heavy work. Shall I have him come here? 但是, 改为被动结构后, 应补出省略的to。
The policeman saw a child play in the street. A child was seen to play in the street by the policeman.
I find it difficult to work with him.
think/consider/feel/find it + adj.+ to do
3. 作宾语补足语:
此时相当于名词,跟在某些及物动词的宾语之后,对宾语作 进一步的补充说明,并与该宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 这类及物动词常见的有advice, allow, ask, consider, encourage等
得很大，农民们却没有停止在田间劳动
• 11. regret to do sth 对现在发生的事表示“遗憾” • We regret to inform you that you owe the bank $ 100 • 我们很遗憾地通知你，你欠银行100美元 • 12. regret doing sth 对发生过的事表示“后悔” • He regretted playing computer games.他后悔玩电脑游戏 • 13. go on to do sth • 做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事 • 14. go on doing sth继续做原来所做的同一件事
(4) 被动式(to be done 或者 to have been done)
—表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系。
不定式的语态
主动式
被动式
一般式
to do
to be done
完成式
to have done
to have been done
进行式
to be doing
to be being done
判断时间: 看不定式动作与谓 语动词发生的先后 关系
原因状语: 一般用在句尾 I’m glad to see you. She wept to see the sight.
二. 不定式的否定结构： 不定式的否定结构多由“not +不定式”构成， 否定副词 not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于 to前。 请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。 Please tell your child not to play in the street. 她检查名字为了不犯错误。 She checked the names so as not to make mistakes.
• 9. stop to do sth 停下来去做另一件事 • Stop to have a rest if you are tired • 10. stop doing sth 停止做某事 • Although it rained heavily , the farmers didn’t stop working in the field 虽然雨下
1) 不定式有时可以带上疑问词how,where,who,when,which, why, what等一起构成不定式短语作宾语。
你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？Do you remember which way to get there? 下一步干什么你决定了吗? Have you decided what to do next? 我来问他怎么样开这机器。I’ll ask him how to operate the machine.
判断语态: 看不定式动作与逻辑主语的关系
2. Rewrite the sentences using infinitive structures
Checking your answers: 1. It is dangerous to be traveling during a sandstorm. 2. Experts hope to learn more about the movement of thunderstorms. 3. We were told not to leave the houswenku.baidu.com. 4. The work on the house needs to be completed (the work) by the end of
在介词but, except动词不定式to的省略问题： 句子中的主动词为动词do时,动词不定式省去to,否则就带to.
2) 思考: 巧记哪些动名词与不定式的动词意思有较大的 区别？
remember forget try want mean stop regret go on
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• 1. remember to do sth 记住要做某事 • You must remember to lock the door when you leave • 2. remember doing sth 记得曾做过某事 • I remember locking the front door • 3. forget to do sth 忘记要做某事 • He forgot to do his homework yesterday • 4. forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事 • I forgot saying this thing to you • 5. try to do sth 努力做某事 • He tries to answer each question • 6. try doing sth 试着做某事 • I tried singing an English song
1）不定式置于句首。
眼见为实. To see is to believe.
2）为避免句子出现 “头重脚轻”现象，常用it
做形式主语，将真正主语的不定式后置。
要学好英语不是那么容易的。
e.g. It is not easy to learn English well.
2. 作宾语 用作宾语。不定式用作宾语时相当于名词，放在某些动词之后。 这类及物动词常见的有:afford(付得起)，agree(同意)，attempt (试图)，decide(决定)，expect(期待)，volunteer(自愿做)， promise(答应)，plan(计划)，want(想要) 等。 她喜欢谈论这件事情。 She loves to talk about the matter. 他答应不把这事告诉任何人。 He promised not to tell anyone about it.
4. 作表语 不定式可用作表语，说明主语的具体内容（具体动作或将来动作）; 动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 他的梦想是成为一名医生。 His dream is to be a doctor. 我的工作是帮助病人。 My job is to help the patient
5. 作定语 不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往 表示未发生的动作。 I have a lot of work to do. She is the first student to come to school. I have some books for you to read. She is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worry about.
不 定 式
PART 1
定义
定义
不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形” 构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓 语，在句中可以充当任何成分，可以作主语、宾
语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。
PART 1
不定式在句中的功能
1. 作主语:
不定式在句中的功能
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数
3）在主动结构中, 下列使役动词和感观动词后，作宾补的 动词不定式应省略to: “五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at) “三使”(make, let, have) “两听”(hear, listen to) “一感觉”(feel)。 e.g. Who made him work all night long?
2) 有时不定式由whether引起。 I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry about it.
3) feel, find, make, think, believe, consider 等动词后如果是 不定式做宾语，补语是形容词(或是名词)，常用it作形式宾 语，把真正宾语置于补语之后,以免宾语太长使句子显得不 协调。把真正的宾语即不定式后移。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
3. 一般进行时表示的动作正在进行, 与谓语 动词表示的动作同时发生。 他好象正在吃什么东西。 He seems to be eating something.
4. 完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续 至说话的时候。 据说她研究这问题有好多年了。 She is said to have been working on the problem for many years.
1）动词+宾语+带to的不定式
She asked me to stay there. 她要求我呆在那里。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.
2） to be +形容词
The book is believed to be uninteresting. 人们认为这本书没什么意思。
6. 作状语 目的状语: 常用的结构—to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such …as to do, etc. I come here to say good-bye to you. 结果状语: 常与only , enough 或too连用。 He studied hard only to fail the exam. He is old enough to go to school.
不定式的时态
(1)一般式（to do 或者 to be done）--在主动词发生同时或之后。 I want to have a holiday as soon as possible . I want to be informed of everything about my son.
(2) 进行式(to be doing) – 强调同时发生并正在进行。
They pretended to be studying when the teacher came in.
(3) 完成式(to have done 或者 to have been done)
—强调发生在主动词之前。
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. He is said to have been killed by a thief.
• 7. mean to do sth 打算做某事 • We mean to travel abroad next year
• 我们明年打算去国外旅行
• 8. mean doing sth 意味着 • It means waiting for him another hour
• 这意味着要再等一个小时