模块5第2单元语法突破、综合练习、英语问答

模块5第2单元语法讲解

过去分词的语法功能(二)

作宾语补足语

山东刘永科

过去分词的语法作用，除了作句子定语和表语以外，还有一个重要的用法就是：做宾语的补足语，也称宾补。它是补充说明宾语怎么样的，宾语和它的关系是被动的，即宾语是动作的接受者。例如：Y ou must have your car repaired, for there is something wrong with the engine. 你必须找人修理你的车，因为发动机出了故障。

repaired是过去分词，在这里作your car 的补足语。have sth. done 是一个常见句型，have your car repaired 实际就是“让你的车被修理”，一般是找别人去做这项工作。

英语中有哪些动词可以接过去分词作它的宾语补足语呢? 常见的动词如下：

1. 感官动词：see, hear, feel, notice, find 等，例如：

My neighbour found his front door broken into when she came back from shopping. 我的邻居购物回来时发现他家被人破门而入。

I have heard him spoken of as a good man. 我听到有人说他是个好人。

2. 意欲动词：want, like, wish, order 等，例如：

I’d like the job done when I come back from the journey. 当我旅行回来时，我想让人把这项工作做完。

She wanted the decration of her house finished quickly. 她想要房子装修工作快点完成。

3. 使役动词：make, have, get, keep, leave等，例如：

He went to the hospital to have his eyes examined. 我去医院把眼睛检查了一下。

Don’t leave the door unlocked when you go out. 你外出时别让门开着。

4.“with + object +过去分词”结构中，过去分词作了with 之后宾语的补足语，例如：

A man was brought in, with his hands tied behind. 一个人被带了进来，双手背后捆着。

The boy went out to play with all his homework finished. 这男孩在所有作业完成后就出去玩耍了。

过去分词作宾补和现在分词作宾补的区别：

过去分词作宾补时，宾语是动作的承受者；现在分词作宾补时，宾语是动作的执行者。试比较：

I found the dog following a man. 我发现那只狗跟在一个人的身后。

I found the dog followed by a man. 我发现那只狗有人在后面跟着。

模块5第2单元语法练习

一、句型转换：

用过去分词(短语)替换定语从句。

1. Mr Smith once hired a young worker who was called John Hill.

2. Every year thousands of people die from the air which is polluted.

3. The temperature which is needed for this plant is 10°C.

4. The workers who were injured are now being taken good care of in the hospital.

5. This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written.

6. Who were the so-called guests that had been invited to your party last night?

7. They decided to change the material which had been used.

8. The student who is dressed in white is my daughter

9. This is a factory that is run by our school.

10. The fish that was caught yesterday is still alive.

11. The trees which were planted by the foreign visitors are growing well.

12. We are going to talk about the problem which was discussed at the last meeting.

13. The experience which has been gained will be of great value to us.

14. We must adapt our thinking to the conditions which have been changed.

15. The concert that had been given by their friends was a success.

16. The suggestion which had been made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. (1.called John Hill 2.the pollued air 3. needed for this plant 4. the injured workers 5. ever written 6. invited to your party last night 7. used 8. dressed in white 9. our school- run 10. caught yesterday 11. planted by the foreign visitors 12. discussed at the last meeting 13. gained 14. the changed conditions 15. given by their friends 16. made by the foreign expert)

二、用所给动词的正确形式完成下列句子：

1. Tom was going through the crowd when he heard his name ________ (call).

2. He got his tooth ________ (pull) out yesterday.

3. When I got back from abroad last year I found the city greatly ________ (change).

4. I have no time to go to the movie with you. I want to have my hair ________ (cut).

5. Please keep us ________ (inform) of the latest news.

6. The viewers wish the serial film ________ (continue).

7. We saw the wounded man ________ (carry) into the hospital, and then went home.

8. I heard the song ________ (sing) in English many times before.

9. Everyone at the meeting would like this problem ________ (settle) at once.

10. I wish my homework ________ (finish) before five o’clock, and then I’ll go out to play.

11. Don't leave those things ________ (undo) before you go home.

12. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ________ (tie) behind his back.

13. With water ________ (heat), we can see the steam.

14. She stood in front of him, with her eyes ________(fix) on his face.

15. He stood for an instant with his hand still ________ (raise).

16. Because of the continuous heavy rain, the road became difficult to travel on, and our car got ________ (trap) in the mud.

(1.called 2.pulled 3.changed 4.cut rmed 6.continued 7.carried 8.sung 9.settled 10.finished