HND商务文化与策略
HND商务文化与策略图文稿
H N D商务文化与策略 Company number【1089WT-1898YT-1W8CB-9UUT-92108】Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a hugeinfluence upon the regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is includinggovernment stability, taxation policy, social welfarepolicies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in theshort-term and long-term influence the wealth of apopulation. The economic is including interest rates,inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographicsimpact upon product design and spending by consumers. Itincludes lifestyle trends, education level, populationdemographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attentionon their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technologyinfluences production methods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design,and trading practices influence how businesses conductthemselves in the market. It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take aruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOTis an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managers because it is quick and easy to learn.S: in the case, J D Wetherspoon claimed that people are itsbest asset. 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are alwayssatisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supportscomplimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad forcustomers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J DWetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. Thiswill let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it maybecause the children are hurt. All of these can loss thecustomers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoondevelop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazedoutlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. Thecompany also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon. T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive theshare of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next: Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of theorganization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis.SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis lon g-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization?Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organizationcan significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophyand act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety. In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is itsorganizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and itprovides staff with opportunities to gain relevantqualifications such as those offered by the British Instituteof Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture isTerrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gaverise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explainswhat an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture.Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days. So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. S o it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, itwill bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitiveadvantage from being able to produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’tmean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad marketscope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfythe needs of customers, and the companies can de-sensitizeprices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin.So it needs to incur additional costs in creating itscompetitive advantage. It in a broad market scopeenvironment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included costfocus and focus differentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows costproducer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow marketscope environment like low cost than the differentiationin a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitiveadvantage through differentiation within the niche orsegment. Its potential problems are small, specialistniches could disappear in the long term. Its associatedenvironment is in the narrow market scope, you can use aspecial product from the major developed marketcompetitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people areits best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking areaand so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation. During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty firstcentury, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house” system and othercompetitor had been adapted it and developing theirbusiness. So J D Wetherspoon was facing much morecompetition. Many other competitors run the pub andreceive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturationof the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows thesupermarket began selling drinks, particularly premiumlarger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pubcan not compare with supermarket in price. On the otherhand, government concern about binge drinking and theconsequent ant special behaviors, particularly in citycenters. This lead the decrease of new pub number andshares of J D Wetherspoon. They must to change to savetheir company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next: Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or real Establishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change. About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points: Consistent communication consistently. In the J DWetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthlycompany video and by publicizing the minutes of broadmeeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to thestaff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfullypioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During thedevelopment and growth of the company, the companyprovide real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area tokeep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitorsrun pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concernabout binge drinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to beover-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon,like their staff, they have habit to theirruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon isvery strong, the culture has a strong effect onJ D Wetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in theJ D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking andthink it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly inthe city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to beencouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and sharesand sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the futureoften in the distant future, and strategies for producingthe changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J DWetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide televisionprogram and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J DWetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs,then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。
(完整word版)HND商务文化与策略
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological,, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns an d Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop, the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people isn’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of these legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersmanagers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon. (c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and makecomparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute. Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization?Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behav ior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the member s of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we canknow Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘invo lvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture, it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition. 2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors. 3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the majordeveloped market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits, here I only identify four about it: the company build its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits is more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)When a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitorsrun the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of case form. They must to change to save their company.(e)Strategy is many things like plan, pattern, position, ploy and perspective. As position, strategy is the stance organizations take. Organizations can choose to: be a specialist provider; be the low-cost provider and so on. In the case, we can know that: at first, it supplies special environment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, they all became to do special environment like that. Then J D W began to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like ” L N O”, and begun developing budget hotel as “Wetherlodges” to change its strategy, all these process of strategy from differentiation to focus on difference strategy choosing is its strategic choice. So the strategy choosing is a process.(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasible and StructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, it provides real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, theculture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff andits structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then change its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.(d)I will give some suggestions to J D Wetherspoon’s management, in order to help them analysis a change situation. I am introducing the three-step conceptual framework from Kurt Lewin to management. He has introduced the three-step change model in 1951 and has agreed the change that should be involved and concerned with the three stages and the individuals.The three stages like next:Unfreezing the present. Reducing the forces maintaining the organization in its present situation. Recognizing the need for change and important.In this stage, management need let their employees know the importance ofthe change. In the 21th centaury of the case of J D Wetherspoon, it faced more competition. Some other retail pub chains had been developing their business,and some of the pub are increasing the market appears to be over-supplied.The government limited the drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior.In a word, the market share, profit and sales are decreasing. So the company needs to change.Moving to the new level. Shifting the behavior of the organization to a new level by encouraging staff to adopt mew behavior and attitudes. The implementation of the change.In this stage, the employee needs to accept the mew business culture with the management’s help. Leader can use motivate methods to encourage employees say yes to the change. For instance, they can give rewards toemployees, or so benefits. About J D Wetherspoon, it has some changes like: most pubs have a dedicated family dining area where children and theirparents can eat together, and the pub began to serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, and pubs start to show TV program and the television football, and so on.Refreezing the new level. Stabilizing the organization in its new state of equilibrium by, for example, establishing a new culture or new structure that reinforces the change.In this stage, the behavior and attitudes of the employees needs managers’force to treat and adapt the new culture, and monitor is essential. Managers need to ensure the business changes’attitudes and concepts and the new business culture. The company of this case should adapt a number of methods to strength change and achieve fully implement the change.If it needs ensure the successful about fully implement change. We need adapt Kotter and Schlesinger’s management style in order to dealing with the resistance to change.Education and communication. In this method, leader needn’t presume the information and knowledge and passed downward through the organization automatically, on the other hand, they should communicate with the employee in every stage of change. In J D Wetherspoon, it adopts a key aspect of operation about “involvement and communication”. Employees always keep touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of board meetings. J D Wetherspoon does well in the acting and listening for their business. J D Wetherspoon can effectively use the method to communicate with staffs.In education aspects, J D Wetherspoon need set train classes for employees to improve the themselves, and ensure that staffs could adapt the new business culture and structures. In order to reduce the feel of worry, then will positive to change. Staffs clear up any misunderstandings and receive the full facts, the resistance will subside.Participation: the leader should let the employees to consultation process, and ensure them could obtain enough information of change. The manager also take them know they are valued; their opinion is valued for the company. This situation can ensure their information is right and immediate, and ensure the combat rumor and effectively combat employees feel they have lake of information and communication. So it is difficult for individuals to resist change the idea in which they have participated.。
商务文化与策略HND
Business Culture and StrategyPrepared byStudent Number :Date:Content1。
0 Introduction 02。
0 Main body 02.1 Porter's generic strategic 02.2 Business strategies and strategic choice 02。
3 Two different business strategies within Alphabet Games (1)2.4 Forces for changes (1)2。
5 Potential benefits (3)2.6 The role of management (3)2。
7 Possible impact of competing influences (4)2。
8 Three-step change model (5)2。
9 Suggestions on minimizing and overcoming resistance (6)3。
0 Conclusion (7)4.0 References (8)1。
0 IntroductionThis report based on case study of Alphabet Games, mainly include business strategies,the main differences and working relationship between strategies and strategic choice,potential benefits, and analyze the role of management, the possible impact, as well as suggestions for resistance minimize within Alphabet Games。
HND商务文化策略答案
HND商务文化策略答案商务文化策略是指企业在开展国际商务活动时,根据不同国家或地区的文化差异,制定相应的策略,以适应当地的商务环境,促进商务合作的顺利进行。
本文将围绕HND商务文化策略展开讨论,并提供相关的答案。
一、HND商务文化策略的重要性和意义商务文化策略对于企业的国际化经营至关重要。
不同国家或地区的商务文化差异可能涉及礼仪、沟通方式、商务谈判方式、商务合作模式等方面。
如果企业没有针对性地制定商务文化策略,可能会导致沟通不畅、误解增多、商务谈判失败等问题,从而影响企业的国际业务发展。
因此,制定HND商务文化策略是企业成功开展国际商务活动的关键之一。
二、HND商务文化策略的制定步骤1. 了解目标国家或地区的商务文化特点:包括礼仪、沟通方式、商务谈判方式、商务合作模式等方面的特点。
可以通过研究相关文献、咨询专业机构或当地人士等方式获取信息。
2. 分析目标国家或地区的商务文化对企业的影响:通过分析商务文化对企业的影响,确定企业在目标国家或地区的商务活动中需要重点关注的方面。
例如,某些国家重视面子文化,企业在与当地合作伙伴交往时需要注重尊重对方的面子。
3. 制定适应性的商务文化策略:根据目标国家或地区的商务文化特点,制定适应性的商务文化策略。
例如,如果目标国家注重礼仪,企业可以培训员工相关礼仪知识,以确保在商务交往中表现得体。
4. 实施商务文化策略并不断优化:将制定的商务文化策略付诸实施,并根据实际情况进行不断优化。
企业可以通过与当地合作伙伴的密切合作、反馈机制的建立等方式,了解策略的有效性,并及时进行调整。
三、HND商务文化策略的案例分析以某企业在进军中国市场为例,制定HND商务文化策略的具体步骤如下:1. 了解中国商务文化特点:中国商务文化注重人际关系,礼仪要求较高,商务谈判中注重长期合作关系的建立等。
2. 分析中国商务文化对企业的影响:中国商务文化对企业的影响主要体现在建立人际关系的重要性、礼仪的要求、商务谈判的方式等方面。
HND商务文化和策略
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological,, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence uponthe regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-termand long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impactupon product design and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influencesproduction methods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop, the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people isn’t need to drink beeronly in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and tradingpractices influence how businesses conduct themselves in the market.It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of these legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this candevelop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon. T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization?Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tellemployees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are theelements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture. The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture.Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture, it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politicsand stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage frombeing able to produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits.It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy theneeds of customers, and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus andfocus differentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than the differentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small, specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environment is in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the major developed marketcompetitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others. In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make itsstrategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits, here I only identify four about it: the company build its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits is more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided. (d)When a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changesin the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adaptedit and developing their business. So J D Wetherspoon was facingmuch more competition. Many other competitors run the pub andreceive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pubmarket. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices.This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price.On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and theconsequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers.This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of case form.They must to change to save their company.(e)Strategy is many things like plan, pattern, position, ploy and perspective. As position, strategy is the stance organizations take. Organizations can choose to: be a specialist provider; be the low-cost provider and so on. In the case, we can know that: at first, it supplies special environment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, they all became to do special environment like that. Then J D W began to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like ” L N O”, and begun developing budget hotel as “Wetherlodges”to change its strategy, all these process of strategy from differentiation to focus on difference strategy choosing is its strategic choice. So the strategy choosing is a process.(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next: Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasible and StructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points: Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch withweekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing theminutes of broad meeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen tothe staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneeredby the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, it provides real ale beers at relativelylow prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smokingarea to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes. If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubsto rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to beover-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like theirstaff, they have habit to their ruler and management.They want the steady environment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is verystrong, the culture has a strong effect on J DWetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it isan anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. Thesituation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them badpolicing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales.Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through dailytime. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is likenext:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes neededto achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon’s development andgrows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area,provide television program and so on. All of these means J DWetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teamsand coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accepttheir validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knowsabout customers needs, then change its business, like breakfastserving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfyingbasic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing andresults, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leadershould fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others.It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.(d)I will give some suggestions to J D Wetherspoon’s management, in order to help them analysis a change situation. I am introducing the three-step conceptual framework from Kurt Lewin to management. He has introduced the three-step change model in 1951 and has agreed the change that should be involved and concerned with the three stages and the individuals.The three stages like next:Unfreezing the present. Reducing the forces maintaining the organization in its present situation. Recognizing the need for change and important.In this stage, management need let their employees know the importance of the change. In the 21th centaury of the case of JD Wetherspoon, it faced more competition. Some other retail pubchains had been developing their business, and some of the pub are increasing the market appears to be over-supplied. The government limited the drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. Ina word, the market share, profit and sales are decreasing. So thecompany needs to change.Moving to the new level. Shifting the behavior of the organization to a new level by encouraging staff to adopt mew behavior and attitudes. The implementation of the change.In this stage, the employee needs to accept the mew business culture with the management’s help. Leader can use motivate methods to encourage employees say yes to the change. For instance, they can give rewards to employees, or so benefits. About J D Wetherspoon, it has some changes like: most pubs have a dedicated family dining area where children and their parents can eat together, and the pub began to serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, and pubs start to show TV program and the television football, and so on.Refreezing the new level. Stabilizing the organization in its new state of equilibrium by, for example, establishing a new culture or new structure that reinforces the change.In this stage, the behavior and attitudes of the employees needs managers’ force to treat and adapt the new culture, and monitor is essential. Managers need to ensure the business changes’attitudes and concepts and the new business culture. The company of this case should adapt a number of methods to strength change and achieve fully implement the change.If it needs ensure the successful about fully implement change. We need adapt Kotter and Schlesinger’s management style in order to dealing with the resistance to change.Education and communication. In this method, leader needn’t presume the information and knowledge and passed downward through the organization automatically, on the other hand, they should communicate with the employee in every stage of change. In J D Wetherspoon, it adopts a key aspect of operation about “involvement and communication”. Employees always keep touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of board meetings. J D Wetherspoon does well in the acting and listening for their business. J D Wetherspoon can effectively use the method to communicate with staffs.In education aspects, J D Wetherspoon need set train classes for employees to improve the themselves, and ensure that staffs could adapt the new business culture and structures. In order to reduce the feel of worry, then will positive to change. Staffs clear up any misunderstandings and receive the full facts, the resistance will subside.Participation: the leader should let the employees to consultation process, and ensure them could obtain enough information of change.The manager also take them know they are valued; their opinion is valued for the company. This situation can ensure their information is right and immediate, and ensure the combat rumor and effectively combat employees feel they have lake of information and communication. So it is difficult for individuals to resist change the idea in which they have participated.。
HND商务文化与策略
H N D商务文化与策略o u t c o m e3(总3页)--本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--a. Strategy is getting it right and doing it right. It is very important to organizations. Choosing strategy is direct effect organization’s development and future. And every strategy have advantages and disadvantages, so in the different complex situation, we can adopt different strategies to solve problems. Now I will choose four possible strategies which the organizations may adopt. The first is cost leadership strategy. Cost leadership is the low-cost leader in any market gains competitive advantage from being able to produce at the lowest cost. Company can use low cost strategy defeat the competitors among the marketing environment.The second is differentiation. A competitive strategy that allows a company to sell its products for a premium price. This emphasizes creating superior products, products with unique or more desirable features or design.The third is focus strategy. The generic strategy of focus rests on the choice of a narrow competitive scope within an industry. The focuser selects a segment or group of segments in the industry and tailors its strategy to serving them to the exclusion of others. The focus strategy has two variants. One is in cost focus a firm seeks a cost advantage in its target segment, the other is in differentiation focus a firm seeks differentiation in its target segment.The fourth is diversification. This is where we market completely new products to new customers. There are two types of diversification, namely related and unrelated diversification. Related diversification means that we remain in a market or industry with which we are familiar.b. During the 1980s and 1990s, JD Wetherspoon used broad differentiation strategy. Compare other pubs; JD Wetherspoon isspecial and different. They sell a wide range of real ale beers at relatively low price; good quality wine is available; they don’t play music or TV programmers; especially the non-smoking and toilet design.Because its clean comfortable atmosphere and low price high quality products, it bring some benefits to JD Wetherspoon.They provide good services, such as cheap beer, good conversation and solid architecture with 24-hours. It is not only attracting more new customers, but also improves the customers’ loyalty. Then the purchases will increase.Their employees have high loyalty and good quality, it is easy to manage and control. Then it will steadily develop the company’s future.Their delicious food and thoughtful service can build a good reputation and good brand image, and maybe the company will become a trend.JD Wetherspoon can expend to help the company increase market share, make more profits.c. In 1980-1990s, business strategy is broad differentiation strategy. While in the 21st century, business strategy is focus differentiation strategy.In 1980-1990s, they don’t play music or watch TV. But in the 21st century, they have plasma screens and it can watch football.In 1980-1990s, the pub just has only one business. But in the 21st century, the pub serve breakfast and begun developing budget hotel accommodation.In 21st century, JD Wetherspoon Removed price incentives to drink larger measures of spirits and reduced the amount of alcohol. But In 1980-1990s, they just sold real ale beers and good quality wine.d. J D Wetherspoon need to consider some factors when change its business strategy. The first is policy. From the case, we can see during 2002-2004, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. Before changing a policy, they need to concern about whether the new policy could make more profits.The second is internal environment. Because the customers demand increases, J D Wetherspoon should improve employee’s quality, make the service more thoughtful. Before changing a policy, they need to concern about whether the new policy is suits different customers. The third is social. In this case, the supermarket began selling drinks, encourages drinking at home and increase in the number of bars. It increased more competitors. So before changing policy, they need to consider about whether the policy can bring more customers and whether could reduce competition with other companies.e. Business strategy is the plans choices and decisions used to guide a company to greater profitability and success. It should be designed to bring success and avoid failure. Strategy choice is described of deciding which strategies can benefits organization’s future. This strategy decision is very important to company. From the case, in 21st century, J D Wetherspoon adopts the differentiation business strategy. There are some new products like provide a dedicated family dining area and serve the breakfast. The new market was begun developing budget hotel accommodation known as‘Wetherlodges’. In a competitive pubs market, J D Wetherspoon is different from other pubs by using this way, it had already open the new market for increasing the competitiveness. It is an attractive pubs for customers. Then this strategy brings more profit for JD Wetherspoon.f. JD Wetherspoon is operating well now, but it still needs to consider some key issues: The one is need to enhance communication between managers and employees. This management method can help managers and employees exchanging their ideas and suggestions. It also can help company deeply develop, improve service and products. For some problems, they can solve these problems at once. The other is needed to consider whether the business strategy is flexible. When the environment changes, the strategy can quickly respond and find a way to constant changes.。
HND商务文化和策略83585
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence uponthe regulation of business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-termand long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impactupon product design and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influencesproduction methods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beeronly in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and tradingpractices influence how businesses conduct themselves in the market.It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this candevelop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon. T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization?Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in theday-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture. The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have t raditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture.Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/rewardand low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage frombeing able to produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits.It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy theneeds of customers, and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus andfocus differentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than the differentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small, specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environment is in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the major developed marketcompetitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others. In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer andnon-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided. (d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changesin the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adaptedit and developing their business. So J D Wetherspoon was facingmuch more competition. Many other competitors run the pub andreceive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pubmarket. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices.This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price.On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and theconsequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers.This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of J DWetherspoon. They must to change to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch withweekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing theminutes of broad meeting. And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen tothe staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneeredby the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers atrelatively low prices and care about child and disable, it buildnon-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces takeeffect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through twoforces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. Andthe other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm willbe changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider thecompany need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restrainingforces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubsto rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to beover-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like theirstaff, they have habit to their ruler and management.They want the steady environment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is verystrong, the culture has a strong effect on J DWetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others.It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。
(完整word版)HND商务文化与策略
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological,, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation ofbusiness and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns an dPunch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop, the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people isn’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include like employment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at sametime. All of these legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managers because it is quick and easy to learn.S: in the case, J D Wetherspoon claimed that people are its best asset. 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps withbaguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis.SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization?Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it isa system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behav ior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the member s of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘invo lvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company alwayspays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly. (c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture, it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’ loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than the differentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small, specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environment is in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the major developed market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits, here I only identify four about it: the company build its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits is more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)When a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitors run the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors,particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of case form. They must to change to save their company.(e)Strategy is many things like plan, pattern, position, ploy and perspective. As position, strategy is the stance organizations take. Organizations can choose to: be a specialist provider; be the low-cost provider and so on. In the case, we can know that: at first, it supplies special environment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, they all became to do special environment like that. Then J D W began to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like ”L N O”, and begun developing budget hotel as “Wetherlodges”to change its strategy, all these process of strategy from differentiation to focus on difference strategy choosing is its strategic choice. So the strategy choosing is a process.(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasible and StructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting. And JD Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestionswetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, it provides real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not. Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about binge drinking,and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, they havehabit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, the culturehas a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff and its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then change its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between JD Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, knowtheir needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company. (d)I will give some suggestions to J D Wetherspoon’s management, in order to help them analysis a change situation. I am introducing the three-step conceptual framework from Kurt Lewin to management. He has introduced the three-step change model in 1951 and has agreed the change that should be involved and concerned with the three stages and the individuals.The three stages like next:Unfreezing the present. Reducing the forces maintaining the organization in its present situation. Recognizing the need for change and important.In this stage, management need let their employees know the importance of the change. In the 21th centaury of the case of J D Wetherspoon, it faced more competition. Some other retail pub chains had been developing their business,and some of the pub are increasing the market appears to be over-supplied. The government limited the drinking and the consequent anti-social behavior. In a word, the market share, profit and sales are decreasing. So the company needs to change.Moving to the new level. Shifting the behavior of the organization to a new level by encouraging staff to adopt mew behavior and attitudes. The implementation of the change.In this stage, the employee needs to accept the mew business culture with the management’s help. Leader can use motivate methods to encourage employees say yes to the change. For instance, they can give rewards to employees, or so benefits. About J D Wetherspoon, it has some changes like: most pubs have a dedicated family dining area where children and their parents can eat together, and the pub began to serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, and pubs start to show TV program and the television football, and so on.Refreezing the new level. Stabilizing the organization in its new state of equilibrium by, for example, establishing a new culture or new structure that reinforces the change.In this stage, the behavior and attitudes of the employees needs managers’force to treat and adapt the new culture, and monitor is essential. Managers need to ensure the business changes’attitudes and concepts and the new business culture. The company of this case should adapt a number of methods to strength change and achieve fully implement the change.If it needs ensure the successful about fully implement change. We need adapt Kotter and Schlesinger’s management style in order to dealing with the resistance to change.Education and communication. In this method, leader needn’t presume the information and knowledge and passed downward through the organization automatically, on the other hand, they should communicate with the employee in every stage of change. In J D Wetherspoon, it adopts a key aspect of operation about “involvement and communication”. Employees always keep touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of board meetings. J D Wetherspoon does well in the acting and listening for their business. J D Wetherspoon can effectively use the method to communicate with staffs.In education aspects, J D Wetherspoon need set train classes for employees to improve the themselves, and ensure that staffs could adapt the new business culture and structures. In order to reduce the feel of worry, then will positive to change. Staffs clear up any misunderstandings and receive the full facts, the resistance will subside.Participation: the leader should let the employees to consultation process, and ensure them could obtain enough information of change. The manager also take them know they are valued; their opinion is valued for the company. This situation can ensure their information is right and immediate, and ensure the combat rumor and effectively combat employees feel they have lake ofinformation and communication. So it is difficult for individuals to resist change the idea in which they have participated.。
HND商务文化及策略
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influenceare categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The politicalis including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and thetrade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take aruling about broken the ‘ tied house ’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2.E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term and long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interestrates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoonwas facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘ tied house ’ system and other retail pub chains likeInnsRegeandtPunch Taverns had been developing their businesses.And the supermarket beganselling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact uponproduct design and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends,education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, sothey began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kindof low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. Itwill include speed of introduction of new technologies,innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling inthe market. Because of this, people aren need’t to drink beer only in the pubs. Thiscan decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protectionand so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and theMonopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘ tiedhouse’system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at sametime. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization internal’s and external strategic environment isreferred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness,opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersbecause it is quick and easy to learn.SWOT analysis for J D WethersponInternal Strength:Weaknesses:1.Staff. 1.Food.2.Good service and 2.Service for children.environment.External Opportunities:Threats:1.Different pub brand. 1.Other pubs compete.2.Developing budget hotel. ernment policy.S: in the case, J D Wetherspoon claimed that people are its best asset. 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training andadopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon providequiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all ofthese can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps withbaguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’ t distinguish the h degree, this might cause customer’ s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It alsodoesn’ t have children ’ s meals. This will let the customers ofunconvenient,adultand it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘ quiet But’. now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pubmusic dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TVprograms, this can attract much more customers. The company also begundeveloping budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profitof J D Wetherspoon.T:J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. Thegovernment policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer inthe century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon.(c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and makecomparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately.It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It isimportant remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute.Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, andwhere be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis.SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can ’ t use analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where arethe good opportunities available to our organization?Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that itis a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘ the way we d things here ’ . It acts as the social glue which holds the organization togetherResearch.shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which thecompany operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values becomeembodied in the organization ’ s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite tor behavi andways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company issatisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policywhich enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. Itis committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gainrelevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping,20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2.Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tellemployees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements ofculture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of themembers of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as‘ unspokenrules ’and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct theway events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishmentis non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and AllanKennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level ofrisk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to fourgeneric types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/playhard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we canknow Tim Martin is a ‘ big man ’ in his company; he manages the company with his mindand idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, andthen they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon issuit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture ’ s core valuekeepingis good customer service. In thecase,the company has a‘ lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for alife outside work. Another key aspect of the company’ s operation is vement‘involand communication ’Staffs. are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthlycompany video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The companyalways pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information ’ s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly. (c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The cultureof an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it alsoexplains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to defineprecisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning betweenmembers of an organization or ‘ theway we do things here ’The. founders of theorganization have raditionally had a major impact on the organization’ s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubsenvironment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holidayin several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model oforganizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence.However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. Thiskind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it paysattention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’ t paying much atte on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bogdown with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: costleadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from beingable to produce at the lowest cost---‘ costadvantage is the focuses ’the, low costdoesn’meant low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scopeenvironment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price anda better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitiveadvantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers ’loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors.3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that nicheor segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage throughdifferentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from themajor developed market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth byacquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, wecan see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To itsstaff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more differentwith others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon isa pub chain, it has many pubs, the company ’ s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actionslike provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set themain point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’ situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four aboutit: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, theexpansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, andthrough the government s’policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, thenit begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlierin the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on.The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiringsuitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we cansee that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of theretail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house〞systemand other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. SoJ D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many othercompetitors run the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead tosaturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change itsbusiness strategy. Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows thesupermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leaderprices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price.On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and theconsequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead thedecrease of new pub number and shares of J D Wetherspoon. They must tochange to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value’perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator ’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’,staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s ‘listening’policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator ’.During the development and growth of thecompany, the company provide real ale beers at relatively low prices andcare about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for thecustomers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rent themoney.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied. 2. Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want thesteady environment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, theculture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staffand its structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn ’tbeen saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next: Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision. During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change. Aligning people:communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, itcommunicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00 a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。
商务文化与策略hnd
1.0 Section 11.1 PESTLPolitical: There was increasing public and government concern about binge drinkin g and the con seque nt an tisocial behaviour, particularly in city cen tres.So that the Ma rtin is a no ted euro-sceptic and in 2002 prin ted 500,000 beer mats and put up 10,000 t o save the pound.Econo mic: The supermarket bega n selli ng drin ks. This result in people drinking at home and this company lose its competitive prices.So J D saved the pound.Social: J D Wetherspo on does not serve complime ntary crisps with baguettes. Custom ers thought that the fried food is not healthy.Also, they bega n to reduce the wine drink ing. Then J D Wethersp on plc develops a kind of low etha nol wine.Tech no logical: J D have plasma scree ns and can show TV programmersThere isa ven tilatio n system (cost ing more tha n 100,000) wt fi ch aims to en sure that customers do not leave smelli ng of smoke.Legal: The ‘ tiedouse 'ystem had been broken by a ruling from the Monopolies cou ld operate. The government concern about binge drinking, so the pub need esta blish a range of rules. There was a law severely limited the number of pubs, so J D as a retailer stepped into market had gotte n many adva ntages.1.2 SWOTStren gth: The kids can eat in the bar pare nts. In additi on, they lower the price of bee r sold to a wide range of real beer.Moreover, J D places great importa nee on liste nin g to and acti ng on, it has two-way com muni cati on from members of staff on all aspect s of the bus in ess about the feedback.Weak ness: J D cannot meet the social-culture eve n it did have TV scree ns andits peaceful motto is also no Ion ger fitted. So that the pubs cannot solicit tho se customer like music or TV lover. In 2001, J D had long been a stock market fa vourite but the share price also fell.Opportunities: Pubs are not only provide breakfast, but also built a dedicated f amily dining area which make children and adults eat together. J D also begu n develop ing budget hotel, this can develop ano ther market and in crease the profit o f J D . J D used to have a clear idea that it can choose what sort of pubs it wished t o operate and comb ined them perfectly while the other operators cannot did this.Threat: There are more and more competitors, such as Regent Inns,Punch Taver ns and the supermarkets. The market appears too many suppliers so thatthe marketi ng competiti on is become fierce. External en vir onment will in flue nee on JD through opport un ity and threate n. Threat could use opport un ities to make weak ness become stre ngth.1.3 Effect of SWOTGuidelines for SWOT Ana lysis: First, keep it simple. It ' s important to focus on your organization. Moreover, be rooted in the now and don't get lost in the future.(http://www.ryers on .ca/~kje nsen /strategic_pla nnin g/swot.html)With the change of time, the internal and external environment will change. So SWOT would cha nge also. Stren gth and weak ness bel ongs to internal which can an alysis the internal in formati on, and the opport unity and threate n bel ongs to exter nal. Some stre ngth, but also may be a weak ness. So the orga ni zati on should disti nguish what is the stre ngth or the weak ness.A SWOT analysis is only be used for consulting, wecouldn 'use SWOT analysis to make strategy. Opport unity and threate n can be foun ded in PESTEL that implies many factor of exter nal en vir onment.2.0 Section 22.1 Value of CultureOrganizational culture encompassesvalues and behaviors that "contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization." (The Busines s Dictionary. Organizational culture 2015 ) In other words, culture is a kind of val ues and Shared a group of pers on take together con stitute a surv iving desig n sta ndar d system.Shared value is a high-profile symbol, and a formal form. It can become embodied in the organization ' s ideology or philosophy and act aseatgibdhavior and ways ofdealing with anxiety, uncertainly and difficult events. The organizations need value ” From one part, it can help them to guide the behavior of employees and regulate the workers. On the other hand, “ sharevalue ” is the essential part of organizational culture. Assumption value is low-profile symbol, informal form and un spoke n rules. The basic assumpti ons at very fun dame ntal, almost sub-c on scious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about thin gs. Due to un see n and not ope nly ide ntified in the day to day in teract ions, these factors also called as rules ”.In the case, pubs are com monly con sidered as socialize area, so the pubs always supply cheap food and comfortable com muni cati ng atmosphere. Eve n more when people have awareness of non-smoking, the pubs will set up a special area for non-smoking which meets the customer ' s needs.2.2 Type of CultureDeal and Kennedy created a model of culture that is based on 4 different type s of organizations. They each focus on how quickly the organization receives f eedback, the way members are rewarded, and the level of risks taken: Work-ha rd, play-hard culture; Tough-guy macho culture; Process culture and Bet-the-co mpany culture. (http://cha ngingmin /expla nati on s/culture/deal_ke nn edy_cultur e.htm) The mode of Deal and Kenn edy will be used in judg ing which type is fit for th is compa ny. Through the case, we can found that Tim Marti n man ages the compa ny with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff wor k hard every day, and the n they will have a holiday for several days. So J D is suit th e work hard/play hard culture. They also have high level energy and customer-or ientation. J D provide lower prices of beer and good service, and maintenance.The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the inf ormation 'hi g h-speed recreation, the feedback will rapid.The employees always have high-speed actions which result in high-speed recreation activities. J D als o does these suggestions quicklySo the risk is low.2.3 Relatio nship betwee n Behavior and CultureOrganizational Behavior is “ thestudy of human behavior in organizational setti n gs, the in terface betwee n huma n behavior and the orga ni zati on, and the orga ni zation itself (Moorhead, G, & Griffin, R. W. /1995). Organisation behavior is the resp onse of the system or orga nism to various stimuli or in puts, whether i nternal or exter nal, con scious or subc on scious, overt or covert,a nd volun tary orinvol untary. (Elizabeth,2014). The relationship between organisation behavior and org anisation culture is consistent relationship. In this case, there are numbers of id eas and suggestions are discussed each week in company meeting and staff are rewarded for their suggestion, staff can also discuss company issues with boar d members.2.4 Ano ther culture typeAccord ing to DK model, J D could choose tough guy, which have higher risk and slower feedback tha n work hard/ play hard. J D can carry out more party to attract customer and take cost-adva ntage to confront competitor. And the type of tough guy mostly applies to this type of company which fast-moving financial and police force or athletes competi ng in team sports, and they are focus on the prese nt rather tha n on the Ion ger-term future, they make more short-term decisi ons. As the draw ing of Christmas Eve, J D can plan a activity to promote their product and service. So the feedback is rapid, and exist high risk. However, eve n the reward of tough guy is high, it also may result in stress of staff and has in flue nce on the performa nce of employees.3.0 Section 33.1 Busin ess strategyThe main strategies are classified into four types: cost leadership, differentiation, focus differe ntiati on and pen etrati on.Cost leadership: is a con cept developed by Michael Porter, used in bus in ess strategy. It describes a way to establish the competitive advantage. Cost leadership means the lowest cost of operation in the industry (Stahl, Grigsby, 1997) . The cost leadership is often drive n by compa ny efficie ncy, size, scale, scope and cumulative experie nce (lear ning curve). A cost leadership strategy aims to exploit scale of product ion, well defined scope and other economies, producinghighly standardized products, using high tech no logy. Busin ess en vir onment: strong competiti on and a threat of substitute products.Differentiation: is the process of distinguishing a product or service from others, to make it more attractive to a particular target market. This invoIves differentiating it from competitors' products as well as a firm's own products(Chamberlin, 1949). Bus in ess en vir onment: The chose n basis for differe ntiati on should be in here ntly difficult to imitate, and will probably need to be developed over time. It could reduce rivalry with competitors and improve customer loyalty.Focus differentiation: seeks a high price premium in return for a high degree of differe ntiati on. It means focus on a well-defi ned and probably quite restricted market segme nt. Busin ess en vir onment: If the market was saturated, the focused differentiation could provide opportunities. Penetration: It measures the brand popularity. It is defined as the number of people who buy a specific brand or a category of goods at least once in a given period, divided by the size of the releva nt market populati on( Farris, Ben die, Pfeifer, et al, 2010). Market pen etrati on is one of the four growth strategies of the Product-Market Growth Matrix as defi ned byA nsoff. Busin ess en vir onmen t: I n a stag nati ng market in crease in sales cause there is only possible by grabb ing market share from rivals.3.2 Strategy dur ing the 1980s and 1990sDuring the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon adopted the differe ntiatio n. In the case, J D Wetherspo on is a pub cha in, which has many pubs. The compa ny aims to man age the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it was always make its strategy in the pub chain, all actions of JD like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the mai n point to its pub man age style. During the1980s and 1990s, JD built non-smok ing and provide health food to the customers. The compa ny thinks that the stuffs are its best asset.There are four ben efits if J D Wetherspo on choose the differe ntiati on: the compa ny build its own style and brand, form own customer group, the quick growing of expa nsion about share and scope, and the in come is more tha n before.3.3 Strategy dur ing the 21st ce nturyDuring the 21st cen tury, J D Wetherspo on adopted the focus differe ntiatio n. In the case, they provided the differe ntiated products and services to meet the dema nds of customers. For in sta nee, there are a dedicated family di ning area, which childre n and adults can eat together. The different strategy could make the different effect to the orga ni zati on structure, man ageme nt style and orga ni zati on culture.During the 1980s and 1990s the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspo on plc, in stead of buying the other pubs. At that time, all the pubs' style is same, so it could use the same man ageme nt style. But in the 21st cen tury, while it also pays atte nti on to the staffs, it try to cha nge its style, man age model and the food what has provided.3.4 Two factorsBefore cha nging the strategy, J D Wetherspo on may con siderexterior en vir onment and in dustry life cycle.Exterior en vir onment: When the compa ny can not adapt to the cha nges in the exter nal environment, the strategic drift occurs. Strategic management invoIves the formulation and implementation of the major goals and initiatives taken by a compa ny's top man ageme nt on behalf of own ers, based on con siderati on of resources and an assessme nt of the in ternal and exter nal en vir onments in which the orga ni zati on competes (Nag R, Hambrick D C, Che n M J.,2007).During the 21st century, the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the ‘ tiedouse'ystem. Other pubs had bee n adapted it and develop ing their bus in ess.Therefore, there are much more competitors for JD. It led to the market saturati on of pub. So J D Wetherspo on n eeds to cha nge its bus in ess strategy.Industry life cycle: The stages are the same for all industries, yet industries cycle through the stages in various len gths of time. Eve n with in the same in dustry, various firms may be at different life cycle stages. Strategies of a firm as well as of competitors vary depe nding on the stage of the life cycle. The growth of an in dustry's sales over time is used to chart the life cycle.The disti net stages of an in dustry life cycle are: in troducti on, growth, maturity, and decli ne (refere nee for bus in ess, 2013). Whe n the in dustry developme nt to maturity, the compa ny should con sider the cha nge In this case, the pubs in dustry has en tered a mature stage so that the competitors will be more and more. So J D Wetherspo on n eeds con sideri ng differe nt product form other pubs to attract customers. J D Wetherspo on pubs now serve breakfast and ope n earlier in the morning before no rmal lice nsing hours beg in at 11.00 a.m.3.5 Busin ess strategy and strategic choiceBusin ess strategy: A bus in ess strategy typically is a docume nt that clearly articulates the directi on a bus in ess will pursue and the steps it will take to achieve its goals. It facilitates en terprise to achieve competitive adva ntage in the market, and create more ben efits.Strategic choice: Choose one of the most appropriate strategies as the company's strategy. For any orga ni zatio n, it faces a lot of opti ons strategy. So every orga ni zati on must make a strategic choice about which strategy they n eed to follow or adopt.In the case, we can know that J D Wetherspo on adopted the differe ntiati on as its bus in ess strategy duri ng the 1980s and 1990s. It supplies special en vir onment quiet, clean, non-smoking to others. During the development of pubs, the other pubs also became to do special en vir onment like that. The n J D Wetherspo on bega n to serve breakfast, show World Cup football and so on, it also develop new brand like and beg un develop ing budget hotel to cha nge its strategy. All these process of strategy is its strategic choice, which from differentiation to focus on differenee strategy choos ing.3.6 Two key issuesBei ng clear about the direct ion and the developme nt of compa ny: J D Wetherspo on known their developme nt direct ion is to be disti nctive and differe ntiati on. It provides real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smok ing area to keep health for the customers.Make ensure every staff aware of strategy In this case, the staffs of J D Wetherspoon are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publiciz ing the minu tes ofbroad meet ing. And J D Wetherspo on atte nd to liste n to the staff voice. This man ageme nt method greatly help the compa ny and employees with their excha nging ideas and suggesti ons.。
(完整word版)HND商务文化与策略-outcome3-4
1:(1) Market PenetrationHere we market our existing products to our existing customer groups. This means increasing our revenue by, promoting the product, repositioning the brand, and so on。
However, the product is not altered and we do not seek any new types of customers. It involves an increase in sales of existing products to existing markets-selling more of the same to the same people. It has two methods; the first one is using the existing product break new market to penetrated, the other is offer new products to existing market to penetrate。
This strategy has the lower risk and don't need more investment。
It is suitable for the product being in the growth process, when the market is not saturated the business would growth in the market and increased volumes lead to economies of scale, especially for some business which not have some clearly goals and development strategies。
HND商务文化与策略知识讲解
H N D商务文化与策略Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term and long-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersmanagers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the cus tomers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. Thi s kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begundeveloping budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. Thegovernment policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon. (c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and make comparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately.It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute. Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis.SW OT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization?Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavior and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we canknow T im Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘involvement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the informat ion’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly. (c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of theorg anization have traditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low costdoesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scopeenvironment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition. 2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitiveadvantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors. 3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the majordeveloped market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house” systemand other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitorsrun the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of thepub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that thepub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand,government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant specialbehaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pubnumber and shares of J D Wetherspoon. They must to change to save theircompany.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, amonthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneeredby the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for thecustomers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. Thestrategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining isthe force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the forceof working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing.The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to changeor not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about binge drinking, andthought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, theculture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff andits structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-socialbehaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t beensaw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martinnow as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the businessethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distantfuture, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear incheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All ofthese means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whosecooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitionsthat understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J DWetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changesits business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but oftenunfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people,know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。
HND商务文化与策略
HND商务文化与策略商务文化与策略是指企业在开展商务活动过程中所遵循的一套共同原则和行为准则。
商务文化是企业内部及与外部合作伙伴之间交流中显现出来的共享价值观、信念、态度和行为方式,而商务策略则是企业在市场竞争中所采取的规划和决策。
商务文化与策略的关系密不可分。
商务文化对于企业的发展具有重要的影响力。
企业秉持一种积极、诚信、创新和负责任的商务文化,能够加强员工的凝聚力和自律性,提高企业形象和竞争力,增强与合作伙伴之间的互信和合作,进而推动企业的持续发展。
商务文化还可以对形成企业特有的核心竞争力和品牌形象起到重要的作用。
商务策略是企业在竞争激烈的市场环境中,通过各种手段和方法来实现企业目标和利益最大化的规划和决策。
商务策略要适应市场环境的变化,与企业的商务文化相衔接,以提高企业的竞争力和市场份额。
商务策略的制定需要考虑到企业自身的优势和劣势,明确企业的目标与使命,分析市场需求和竞争对手的行为,选择适合的市场定位和竞争战略,并进行有效的执行和控制。
在制定商务策略时,企业需要充分考虑商务文化对策略的影响。
如果企业的商务文化强调团队合作、员工发展和客户至上,那么企业的商务策略应该注重培育和发挥员工的创新能力,建设优质的服务体系,提高客户满意度。
如果企业的商务文化强调效率、竞争和结果导向,那么企业的商务策略则需要注重提高生产效率、降低成本,开拓新的市场,实现销售目标。
在国际商务中,商务文化与策略更为复杂。
不同国家和地区有不同的商务文化,企业在跨国经营时要了解和尊重当地的商务文化,以建立良好的合作关系。
同时,制定适应不同国家和地区市场需求的商务策略也是非常重要的。
总之,商务文化与策略相互影响、相互促进。
企业在制定商务策略时要根据自身的商务文化特点,选择适合的发展方向和实施方法。
合理统一商务文化与策略,有助于企业形成独特的竞争优势,增强企业在市场中的影响力和竞争力,实现可持续发展。
HND商务文化与策略
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersmanagers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon. (c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and makecomparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute. Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization?Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavi or and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we canknow Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘invol vement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have t raditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition. 2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors. 3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the majordeveloped market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitorsrun the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of J D Wetherspoon. They must to change to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, theculture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff andits structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。
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Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersmanagers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon. (c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and makecomparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute. Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization?Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavi or and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we canknow Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘invol vement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have t raditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition. 2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors. 3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the majordeveloped market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitorsrun the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of J D Wetherspoon. They must to change to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, theculture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff andits structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。