高血压(英文版) ppt课件
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高血压英文PPT精品课件HeartMuscleDisease
Diagnosis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Exclude other causes of contractile failure (HTN, CAD, valvular disease).
Test for specific etiologies ?Percutaneous endomyocardial biopsy
Extremities: Mild edema of both feet and ankles.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Dilation of one or both ventricles Globally impaired ventricular systolic
function: both ventricles or predominantly the left ventricle. Isolated RV cardiomyopathy is rare.
medications.
Physical Exam
BP 105/70, P 98 regular, T 98.6, RR 20 Carotids are low volume with normal upstroke. JVP elevated: 10 cm above the sternal angle. Lungs: Bibasilar rales. Heart: PMI diffuse, palpable at the anterior axillary line.
Dynamic murmur of HOCM
• Smaller LV volume brings septum closer to anterior MV leaflet: more obstruction and louder murmur.
高血压英文PPT精品课件Antihypertensive
• Diagnosis is generally based on repeated, reproducible measurements of elevated blood pressure and not on patient symptoms. Patient compliance is a major obstacle to therapy
Kidney
Na loss
Thiazides
Summary of Long Term Renal Control of BP
Regulates BP by Changing:
1.
Directly – by allowing more or less fluid to enter kidney tubules
• Pakistan (NHSP):the prevalence of hypertension is 17.9%
• 24% of the USA adult population representing 43,186,000 persons had hypertension.
Diagnosis
CNS
BV
Na retention Clonidine
CO
Venous tone
NE release
Sympathetic tone
TPR
Arteriolar tone
dry mouth sexual dysfunction
The left ventricle is markedly thickened in this patient with severe hypertension that was untreated for many years. The myocardial fibers have undergone hypertrophy.
Kidney
Na loss
Thiazides
Summary of Long Term Renal Control of BP
Regulates BP by Changing:
1.
Directly – by allowing more or less fluid to enter kidney tubules
• Pakistan (NHSP):the prevalence of hypertension is 17.9%
• 24% of the USA adult population representing 43,186,000 persons had hypertension.
Diagnosis
CNS
BV
Na retention Clonidine
CO
Venous tone
NE release
Sympathetic tone
TPR
Arteriolar tone
dry mouth sexual dysfunction
The left ventricle is markedly thickened in this patient with severe hypertension that was untreated for many years. The myocardial fibers have undergone hypertrophy.
高血压英文PPT精品课件ChronicDisease
216.6
145.4 HP 2010 Goal: 159.9 105.7
Black
Hispanic
Race/Ethnicity
Asian/Other
Note: All rates are adjusted to 2000 Standard U.S. Population. Source: California Death Statistical Master File; SANDAG January 1, Population Estimates.
Nutrition by Gender
Women
Healthcare Cost in California and San Diego
• $130 Billion spent (treatment and lost productivity) by California in 2003
• $4.3 Billion in SD County (not including
Year San Diego
*2006 U.S. data are preliminary
2004 U.S.
2005
2006*
San Diego County Population
by Race/Ethnicity, 2007
• 3 million people
• Racial/Ethnic groups from around the world.
What Is Chronic Disease?
• According the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics, is a disease that lasts 3 months or more.
《高血压英语》课件
了解高血压可能导致的一些严重健康问题，如心脏病、中风和肾脏问题。
预防与治疗
饮食
了解如何通过健康的饮食来预防和管理高血压。
减肥
了解如何通过控制体重来降低高血压的风险。
运动
探索适合高血压患者的运动方式，以维持健康。
药物治疗
介绍高血压的常用药物和治疗选项。
与高血压相关的英语词汇
1 血压
了解血压的定义和测量方 式。
2 心脏
探索心脏的结构和功能， 以及它与高血压之间的关 系。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
3 动脉
了解动脉的作用和与高血 压的相关性。
4 血管
了解血管的结构和功能，以及其在高血压中 的角色。
5 测量血压的工具
介绍用于测量血压的不同工具和设备。
医生的面诊
了解在与医生交流时使用的常见英语表达，如病症描述和治疗方案。
处理心理问题
1
《高血压英语》PPT课件
# 高血压英语PPT课件 探索高血压的定义，症状和风险。了解如何预防和治疗高血压以及相关的英 语词汇。
什么是高血压？
高血压是一种常见的健康问题，也称为高血压。了解什么是高血压以及它对 身体的影响。
高血压的症状
探索高血压可能引起的一些常见症状，如头痛、头晕和呼吸困难。
高血压的风险
被诊断出患有高血压的心理反应
了解当你被诊断出患有高血压时可能出现的心理反应。
2
减轻心理负担的方法
探索如何通过积极的心理策略来减轻与高血压相关的心理负担。
3
支持小组
介绍参加支持小组的好处，并了解如何加入。
总结
高血压的关键知识点
简要回顾高血压的关键知识点， 以加强理解。
处理高血压的英语技能
预防与治疗
饮食
了解如何通过健康的饮食来预防和管理高血压。
减肥
了解如何通过控制体重来降低高血压的风险。
运动
探索适合高血压患者的运动方式，以维持健康。
药物治疗
介绍高血压的常用药物和治疗选项。
与高血压相关的英语词汇
1 血压
了解血压的定义和测量方 式。
2 心脏
探索心脏的结构和功能， 以及它与高血压之间的关 系。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
3 动脉
了解动脉的作用和与高血 压的相关性。
4 血管
了解血管的结构和功能，以及其在高血压中 的角色。
5 测量血压的工具
介绍用于测量血压的不同工具和设备。
医生的面诊
了解在与医生交流时使用的常见英语表达，如病症描述和治疗方案。
处理心理问题
1
《高血压英语》PPT课件
# 高血压英语PPT课件 探索高血压的定义，症状和风险。了解如何预防和治疗高血压以及相关的英 语词汇。
什么是高血压？
高血压是一种常见的健康问题，也称为高血压。了解什么是高血压以及它对 身体的影响。
高血压的症状
探索高血压可能引起的一些常见症状，如头痛、头晕和呼吸困难。
高血压的风险
被诊断出患有高血压的心理反应
了解当你被诊断出患有高血压时可能出现的心理反应。
2
减轻心理负担的方法
探索如何通过积极的心理策略来减轻与高血压相关的心理负担。
3
支持小组
介绍参加支持小组的好处，并了解如何加入。
总结
高血压的关键知识点
简要回顾高血压的关键知识点， 以加强理解。
处理高血压的英语技能
高血压(英文版) ppt课件
arteriole structure Compliance of Vessel wall
ppt课件 6
Psychological factors Renin –angiotensin aldosterone system（RAAS） Sodium and hypertension Abnormality of vascular endothelium（ET，NO， AngII, PGI2, etc) Insulin resistance revascularization other（obesity，smoking，drinking，hypocalcium, hypomagnesium, hypopotassium）
Heart failure Systolic hypertension 长效） Diabetes, proteinuria Renal insufficiency(mild) Myocardial infarction ACEI Stable angina Disorder of lipid pregnancy Prostate proliferation
ppt课件
12
Risk factor of cardiovascular disease
male > 55, female> 65 smoking Total cholesterol> 5.72mmol/L (250mg/dl) diabetes Early cardiovascular family history（early onset of CV disease male<55；female <65)
Diuretics ß–blocker a-blocker Calcium channel blocker ACE inhibitor Angiotensin II receptor blocker compound anti-hypertensive agents
高血压英文PPT精品课件HYPERTENSIONANDVASCULAR
Moderation of alcohol consumption
Hale Waihona Puke Limit consumption to no more than 2 drinks (1 oz or 30 mL ethanol; eg, 24 2–4 mm Hg oz beer, 10 oz wine, or 3 oz 80-proof whiskey) per day in most men and to no more than 1 drink per day in women and lighter-weight persons.
(elevated serum creatinine,
▪(2) Renovascular disease
abnormal urinalysis),
(abdominal bruits)
▪(3) APKD-autosomal dominant
polycystic kidney disease (abdominal or flank masses)
Prehypertension:
recheck in 1 year
2. Stage 1 hypertension: SBP 140–159 or DBP 90–99
Stage 1 hypertension:
confirm within 2 months
2 separate office visits)
▪(5) Primary hyperaldosteronism
(hypokalemia)
7
JNC VII 2003 recommendations
Normal: recheck in 2 years (see Comments)
高血压(英文版) ppt课件
Etiology and pathogenesis of EH
No
cause can be established Possible mechanisms Genetic tendency
Spontaneous hypertension rat EH tends to cluster in families
Classification of Blood Pressure Levels (mmHg)
Category Systolic Diastolic Hypotension??? <60 Optimal <120 <80 Normal <130 <85 High-normal 139 85-89 Grade 1 hypertension(mild) 90-99 Subgroup: borderline 90-94
Optional investigations
Plasma renin( 肾 素 ) activity & aldosterone (醛固酮), urinary VMA（香草杏仁酸），to identify secondary hypertension Echocardiography, to detect ventricular hypertrophy Vascular ultrasonography should be performed if arterial disease is suspected. Renal ultrasonography should be performed if renal disease is suspected.
perhaps by catecholamines儿茶酚胺
【高血压精品英文课件】高血压 Hypertension
Pathophysiology
Hypertensive Emergency
Failure of normal autoregulatory function Leads to a sharp increase in systemic
vascular resistance Endovascular injury with arteriole necrosis Ischemia, platelet deposition and release of
Epidemiology
Why should we care about hypertension?
One of the most common chronic medical concerns in the US
Affects >30% of the population > age 20 Risk factor for
vasoactive substances Further loss of autoregulatory mechanism Exposes organs to increased pressure
Diagnosis and Recognition
Presentation
Always present with a new onset symptom
Take a good history
History of HTN and previous control Medications with dosage and compliance Illicit drug use, OTC drugs
Diagnosis and Recognition
Normal BP
高血压英文PPT精品课件HYPERTENSIONDIABETESADANGEROUS
IL- 6, TNF- @, and RAS
liver(NASH)
(↑CRP) (Endothelial
Dysfunction)
• ↑Small, dense LDL • ↑triglyceridemia
Atherosclosis
Activation • ↓HDL
Reduced • Hypertension
Renal Na+ Reabsorption
Hypertension
Cardiometabolic Syndrome:
Large
(Insulin resistant) ( ↑Central Fat)
Fat Cells
(Fatty
Visceral Obesity
Enhanced
Lipolysis > FreeFA
Millions of Cases
60 50 40 30 20 10
0
India
China
1995 2025
US
Data from King H et al. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:1414-1431.
CV Mortality Risk Doubles with Each 20/10 mm Hg BP Increment*
<200 mg/dL (5.18 mmol/L)
Vascular Disease Risk Factors
Saydah SH et al. JAMA. 2004;291:335-342.
Metabolic Syndrome: NCEP/ATP III Definition
Presence of at least 3 of 5 risk factors: Abdominal obesity Elevated blood pressure Elevated fasting glucose Elevated triglycerides Low HDL-C
liver(NASH)
(↑CRP) (Endothelial
Dysfunction)
• ↑Small, dense LDL • ↑triglyceridemia
Atherosclosis
Activation • ↓HDL
Reduced • Hypertension
Renal Na+ Reabsorption
Hypertension
Cardiometabolic Syndrome:
Large
(Insulin resistant) ( ↑Central Fat)
Fat Cells
(Fatty
Visceral Obesity
Enhanced
Lipolysis > FreeFA
Millions of Cases
60 50 40 30 20 10
0
India
China
1995 2025
US
Data from King H et al. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:1414-1431.
CV Mortality Risk Doubles with Each 20/10 mm Hg BP Increment*
<200 mg/dL (5.18 mmol/L)
Vascular Disease Risk Factors
Saydah SH et al. JAMA. 2004;291:335-342.
Metabolic Syndrome: NCEP/ATP III Definition
Presence of at least 3 of 5 risk factors: Abdominal obesity Elevated blood pressure Elevated fasting glucose Elevated triglycerides Low HDL-C
高血压英文PPT精品课件AnestheticManagementofthePatientwith
Magnesium Sulfate Therapy
Potentiation of neuromuscular blockade (for all relaxants)
Weakness Respiratory depression Cardiovascular effects
ECG changes Cardiac arrest Hypotension
CAUSE Embolism Indirect causes
Hypertension in pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy complications Hemorrhage Stroke Anesthesia Complications of termination Cardiomyopathy Infection Other
DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF SEVERE HYPERTENSION IN PREGNANCY
Drug Hydralazine
Labetalol
Nifedipine
Nicardipine Sodium nitroprusside Nitroglycerin
Dose
5–10 mg IV q 20 min
FACTORS THAT DIFFERENTIATE MILD FROM SEVERE PREECLAMPSIA
Systolic arterial pressure Diastolic arterial pressure Urinary protein
Urine output Headache Visual disturbances Epigastric pain Right upper quadrant abdominal pain Pulmonary edema Cyanosis HELLP Platelet count
高血压英语PPTPPT课件
Blood pressure readings of 180/110 mmHg or higher
Headache
Vision changes
Shortness of Breath
Fatigue
Dizziness
Chest pain or discomfort
01
02
03
04
05
06
Symptoms of Hypertension
Mental stress
Sleep quality
Chronic stress
03
The HAZARDS of Hypertension
Increased risk of heart disease
High blood pressure can damage the heart muscle, leading to heart disease
Hypertension English PPT courseware
contents
目录
Introduction to Hypertension The causes of hypertension The HAZARDS of Hypertension Diagnosis and prevention of hypertension
Diagnostic method
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Preventive measure
Healthy die: A balanced die rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein can help reduce blood pressure Limiting salt and reducing intake of saturated fat and trans fat are also important
Headache
Vision changes
Shortness of Breath
Fatigue
Dizziness
Chest pain or discomfort
01
02
03
04
05
06
Symptoms of Hypertension
Mental stress
Sleep quality
Chronic stress
03
The HAZARDS of Hypertension
Increased risk of heart disease
High blood pressure can damage the heart muscle, leading to heart disease
Hypertension English PPT courseware
contents
目录
Introduction to Hypertension The causes of hypertension The HAZARDS of Hypertension Diagnosis and prevention of hypertension
Diagnostic method
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Preventive measure
Healthy die: A balanced die rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein can help reduce blood pressure Limiting salt and reducing intake of saturated fat and trans fat are also important
高血压英文PPT精品课件Diseasesofthe
• CAD • Almost all from atherosclerotic narrowing
or complete obstruction • Depending on the degree & character of
the obstruction
– angina pectoris – MI – sudden cardiac death – chronic ischemic heart disease with CHF
Diseases of the Heart
Major Determinants of Disease
• Most heart disease is the result of atherosclerotic obstruction of the coronary arteries
• Congestive heart failure is mechanical failure of the heart to eject blood delivered to it
• Premature ventricular contractions
– occur in healthy people – chest palpitations & anxiety
• Ventricular tachycardia
– spontaneous, regular beating at > 120 beats/min
• Each year heart disease accounts for about 1/3 of deaths in the US, most of which are associated with coronary artery atherosclerosis. If cerebrovascular disease, vascular complications of diabetes, & other vascular diseases are included, the figure is over 40%. After age 40 the lifetime risk for developing symptomatic coronary artery disease is 50% in men & 40% in women.
or complete obstruction • Depending on the degree & character of
the obstruction
– angina pectoris – MI – sudden cardiac death – chronic ischemic heart disease with CHF
Diseases of the Heart
Major Determinants of Disease
• Most heart disease is the result of atherosclerotic obstruction of the coronary arteries
• Congestive heart failure is mechanical failure of the heart to eject blood delivered to it
• Premature ventricular contractions
– occur in healthy people – chest palpitations & anxiety
• Ventricular tachycardia
– spontaneous, regular beating at > 120 beats/min
• Each year heart disease accounts for about 1/3 of deaths in the US, most of which are associated with coronary artery atherosclerosis. If cerebrovascular disease, vascular complications of diabetes, & other vascular diseases are included, the figure is over 40%. After age 40 the lifetime risk for developing symptomatic coronary artery disease is 50% in men & 40% in women.
高血压英语课件
Moderate exercise
Moderate exercise is beneficial for controlling blood pressure and avoiding physical discomfort caused by excessive exercise.
Weight control
Extreme heat or cold can temporarily raise blood pressure levels
Mental stress
Chronic stress
Constant exposure to severe situations or emotional trauma can lead to persistent elevation in blood pressure
Drug therapy
要点一
Antihypertensive drugs
These drugs are used to lower blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels, reducing the heart rate, or removing excess fluid from the body Commonly used antihypertensive drugs include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, beta blockers, and diuretics
Dizziness or falling
High blood pressure can lead to insufficient blood flow to the brain, causing dizziness or falling falls
Moderate exercise is beneficial for controlling blood pressure and avoiding physical discomfort caused by excessive exercise.
Weight control
Extreme heat or cold can temporarily raise blood pressure levels
Mental stress
Chronic stress
Constant exposure to severe situations or emotional trauma can lead to persistent elevation in blood pressure
Drug therapy
要点一
Antihypertensive drugs
These drugs are used to lower blood pressure by relaxing the blood vessels, reducing the heart rate, or removing excess fluid from the body Commonly used antihypertensive drugs include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, beta blockers, and diuretics
Dizziness or falling
High blood pressure can lead to insufficient blood flow to the brain, causing dizziness or falling falls
高血压英文PPT精品课件Cardiovascular
Myocarditis Morphology
• Gross –dilated, flabby heart, pale patches with hemorrhage
• Microscopic – interstitial inflammatory infiltrate with myocyte necrosis, fibrosis
– Dilated Cardiomyopathy – Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy – Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Congestive Heart Failure
• Cardiac output insufficient for metabolic requirements of the body
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – myofiber dysarray – not all fibers are pulling the same direction. Thus the contraction is ineffective. However, the cardiac conduction system can have these same problems, which might cause the arrhythmias and sudden death these patients tend to die of.
Cardiomyopathies
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
高血压英文PPT精品课件HYPERTENSIVE
GRADE 2 HTR
SEVERE GENERALIZED AND FOCAL ARTERIOLAR CONSTRICTION
A-V CROSSING CHANGES (SALUS SIGN)
GRADE 3 HTR
Copper wiring of arterioles Venous banking distal to A-V
the arterial & venous circulation
Green et al – Thrombus formation in the region of lamina cribrosa is the primary event
GRADE 4 HTR
All changes of grade 3
Silver wiring of arterioles
Disc edema
Ocular associations of hypertension
Retinal vein occlusion
• CRVO (Central Retinal Vein Occlusion)
crossing (bonnet’s sn) Venous tapering on either
side of crossing (gunn’s sn) Right angle deflection of
veins. Flame shaped hemorrhages
cotton wool spots, hard exudates.
• HRVO (Hemi Retinal Vein Occlusion)
• BRVO (Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion) Constitutes 69.5 % of all RVO cases
高血压英文PPT精品课件CardiovascularDiseasePreventive
Acceptable methods of treatment must be available for the condition (YES).
The condition must have an asymptomatic period during which detection and treatment significantly reduce morbidity or mortality (YES).
CAD screening and EKG (4)
Stress testing (EKG only) more sensitive and specific than resting EKG, but many false + (not specific enough Still, only 1-11% w/ abnormalities suffered
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
Risk Factors, Screening to Prevent
Athertery disease (CAD) Cerebrovascular disease CVD) Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) Reno-vascular dis. and renal failure (CRF) >> hypertension
Obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia
80%-90% of type II diabetics are obese Prevalence of obesity and of diabetes type II have risen in parallel since 1980. 33% increase in prevalence of D/M between 1990 and 1998
The condition must have an asymptomatic period during which detection and treatment significantly reduce morbidity or mortality (YES).
CAD screening and EKG (4)
Stress testing (EKG only) more sensitive and specific than resting EKG, but many false + (not specific enough Still, only 1-11% w/ abnormalities suffered
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease
Risk Factors, Screening to Prevent
Athertery disease (CAD) Cerebrovascular disease CVD) Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) Reno-vascular dis. and renal failure (CRF) >> hypertension
Obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia
80%-90% of type II diabetics are obese Prevalence of obesity and of diabetes type II have risen in parallel since 1980. 33% increase in prevalence of D/M between 1990 and 1998
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Hypertension
Introduction
Hypertension is a major public health problem throughout the world because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
<90
130140-159 140-149
Epidemiology
Prevalence rate （ 患 病 率 ） China: In 1959, In 1979, 5.11% 7.73% of hypertension in
In 1991,
11.88%
The prevalence of high BP increases with age. Hypertension is more common in men than in women up to age 50, after that age, hypertension is more common in women. Hypertension is more common in northern China than in southern China.
For instance:
21/3 1st visit: 146/98mmHg, 150/98mmHg 23/3 2nd visit: 128/84, 126/80
27/3 3rd visit: 130/80, 130/82
Notes(continue)
4. Optimal BP with respect to cardiovascular risk is less than 120/80 mmHg. However, unusually low readings should be evaluated for clinical significance. For example, 70/50 mmHg is less than 120/80 mmHg, but it is not optimal.
more
The average BP is 164/100 mmHg, which is defined as grade 2 hypertension.
Notes(continue)
3. The patient should be clearly informed that a single elevated reading does not constitute a diagnosis of hypertension but is a sign that further observation is required.
Notes(Continue)
2. BP is based on the average of
two or
readings taken at each of two or more visits after an initial screening(筛查). e.g. 12/2 first visit: 172/102 mmHg, 168/104 mmHg. 13/2 second visit: 158/98 mmHg, 158/96mmHg.
Approximately 100 million Chinese have elevated BP. Of these, 77% are aware of their diagnosis, 70% are receiving treatment, and only 33% are under control.
Essential or primary hypertension hypertension of unknown cause.
is
a
Isolated systolic hypertension is defined as SBP of 140 mmHg or greater and diastolic BP less than 90 mmHg.
Classification of Blood Pressure Levels (mmHg)
Category Systolic Optimal <120 Normal <130 High-normal 139 85-89 140-159 140-149
Diastolic <80 <85 130-
Grade 1 hypertension(mild) 90-99 Subgroup: borderline 90-94
Notes
1. When a patient’s SBP and DBP fall into different categories, the higher category should apply.
e.g.
154/100 mmHg is defined as grade 2 hypertension. 180/82 mmHg is defined as grade 3 isolated systolic hypertension.
Classification of Blood Pressure Levels (mmHg)
Category Systolic Diastolic Hypotension??? <60 Optimal <120 <80 Normal <130 <85 High-normal 139 85-89 Grade 1 hypertension(mild) 90-99 Subgroup: borderline 90-94
Definition
Hypertension is defined as a SBP of 140 mmHg or greater and/or a DBP of 90 mmHg or greater in subjects who are not taking antihypertensive medication.
Introduction
Hypertension is a major public health problem throughout the world because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
<90
130140-159 140-149
Epidemiology
Prevalence rate （ 患 病 率 ） China: In 1959, In 1979, 5.11% 7.73% of hypertension in
In 1991,
11.88%
The prevalence of high BP increases with age. Hypertension is more common in men than in women up to age 50, after that age, hypertension is more common in women. Hypertension is more common in northern China than in southern China.
For instance:
21/3 1st visit: 146/98mmHg, 150/98mmHg 23/3 2nd visit: 128/84, 126/80
27/3 3rd visit: 130/80, 130/82
Notes(continue)
4. Optimal BP with respect to cardiovascular risk is less than 120/80 mmHg. However, unusually low readings should be evaluated for clinical significance. For example, 70/50 mmHg is less than 120/80 mmHg, but it is not optimal.
more
The average BP is 164/100 mmHg, which is defined as grade 2 hypertension.
Notes(continue)
3. The patient should be clearly informed that a single elevated reading does not constitute a diagnosis of hypertension but is a sign that further observation is required.
Notes(Continue)
2. BP is based on the average of
two or
readings taken at each of two or more visits after an initial screening(筛查). e.g. 12/2 first visit: 172/102 mmHg, 168/104 mmHg. 13/2 second visit: 158/98 mmHg, 158/96mmHg.
Approximately 100 million Chinese have elevated BP. Of these, 77% are aware of their diagnosis, 70% are receiving treatment, and only 33% are under control.
Essential or primary hypertension hypertension of unknown cause.
is
a
Isolated systolic hypertension is defined as SBP of 140 mmHg or greater and diastolic BP less than 90 mmHg.
Classification of Blood Pressure Levels (mmHg)
Category Systolic Optimal <120 Normal <130 High-normal 139 85-89 140-159 140-149
Diastolic <80 <85 130-
Grade 1 hypertension(mild) 90-99 Subgroup: borderline 90-94
Notes
1. When a patient’s SBP and DBP fall into different categories, the higher category should apply.
e.g.
154/100 mmHg is defined as grade 2 hypertension. 180/82 mmHg is defined as grade 3 isolated systolic hypertension.
Classification of Blood Pressure Levels (mmHg)
Category Systolic Diastolic Hypotension??? <60 Optimal <120 <80 Normal <130 <85 High-normal 139 85-89 Grade 1 hypertension(mild) 90-99 Subgroup: borderline 90-94
Definition
Hypertension is defined as a SBP of 140 mmHg or greater and/or a DBP of 90 mmHg or greater in subjects who are not taking antihypertensive medication.