广外高翻学院文学翻译课件

因此，我们活着的人更应该献身于他 们为之战斗并且使之前进的未竟事 业。我们更应该献身于我们面前的 伟大任务，更应该不断地向这些光 荣牺牲的烈士学习他们为事业鞠躬 尽瘁、死而后已的献身精神，更应 该在这里下定决心，一定不让这些 烈士的鲜血白流，这个国家在上帝 的保佑下，一定要得到自由的新生， 这个民有、民治、民享的政府，一 定不能从地球上消失。 --- 许渊
Gettysburg Address Abraham Lincoln Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of the field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate--we can not consecrate--we can not hallow--this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here; but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us , the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced.
• 2 节奏美 • 除上文中探讨的节奏表现形式之 外，演讲词外在节奏的形式标记 也较明显。 • 全文各句均较为“短小”——有 的句子本身短小，有的长句则经 过语义切分变成了多个小句，形 成了便于朗诵的外在节奏。
• 比如：Fourscore and seven years ago,∣∣our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, ∣∣conceived in liberty,∣∣and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.∣∣ • Now we are engaged in a great civil war, ∣∣testing whether that nation,∣∣or any nation so conceived and so dedicated,∣∣can long endure. ∣∣ • 这两个长句均以“意群”为单位进行了 切分，均切分为长度基本相当的四个小 节。文章随后的其它句子中，也频频使 用逗号、破折号等进行了“意群”切分， 内在节奏与外在节奏整体上基本一致。
• 3 语义美
• 词句的语义美体现在三个方面： • 1）富含《圣经》的语汇 • Fourscore and seven years, our fathers, brought forth, conceived, dedicated, created 等，是《圣经》中常用的语汇或表达方 式---激起听众或读者庄严、肃穆、神圣 的情感。 • 2）大量使用书面语 • 书面语及其平行结构使演讲显得庄重、 典雅、富于人文气息。
• 3）频繁出现的中心词 • dedicate出现了5次，conceive、 consecrate、devotion各出现了2次。 • 同义复现的有: liberty / freedom, brought forth / created / nobly advanced, long endure / not perish, dedicate / devote / give their lives / gave the last full measure of devotion等等， • “奉献”“创造”“自由”等成为 中心词或主旋律。
八十七年前，我们的先辈在这个大陆 上建立了一个以自由为理想、以人 人平等为宗旨的新国家。 现在我们正进行一场大内战，考验这 个国家，或者任何一个主张自由平 等的国家，能否长久存在。 我们在这场战争的一个大战场上集会， 来把战场的一角献给为国家生存而 牺牲的烈士，作为他们永久安息之 地，这是我们义不容辞、理所当然 该做的事。
但是，从更深刻的意义来说，我 们不能使这一角战场成为圣地， 我们不能使它流芳百世，我们不 能使它永垂青史。因为在这里战 斗过的勇士们，活着的或死去的， 已经使这一角战场神圣化了，我 们微薄的力量远远不能为它增光， 或者使它减色。世人不太会注意、
也不会长久记住我们在这里说的话， 但是永远不会忘记他们在这里做的 事。
• 除用标点符号构建节奏之外，还用了 “分句” 增强行文的节奏和表情达意的 重点。 • We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of the field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. • But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate --we can not consecrate --- we can not hallow-this ground.
冲译
• • • • •
翻译与讲评 1 措词得当 语义准确洗练，风格与情感得体恰切。 our fathers 先辈 resting place 安息之所 those who here gave their lives that that nation might live为国家生存而牺牲的烈士 • The brave men 勇士们 • these honored dead 光荣牺牲的烈士 • these dead 烈士 died in vain 鲜血白流
• 审美鉴赏
• 1 声音美 • 只有266个字的演讲词中，用了大量具有 长元音、双元音的词语，平稳或调节着 演讲的速度，也使演讲的效果铿锵有力， 掷地有声。 • 以第1段为例，长元音、双元音的词语有： fourscore, years, ago, our, fathers, brought, forth, ……。这些词语使演讲开始的语调 徐缓而温和，进入主题自然而然，同时 词语音调的抑扬顿挫既抓住了听众的注 意力，也表现了作者的情感。
• 类似地，演讲词的中间一个小句可标注 为：Būt ín∣ā lár∣gēr sénse,∣wē cá n∣nōt dé∣dīcáte∣--- wē cán∣nōt có n∣sēcráte∣--- wē cán∣nōt hál∣lōw --thís∣gróund (ˉ)∣。 • 最后一个小句可标注为：ānd thá t∣góvērn∣mēnt óf∣thē péo∣plē, bý ∣thē péo∣plē, fór∣thē péo∣plēē éarth. • 整齐的抑扬格使原句诵读起来如行云流 水，重点突出，情随意转，增强了演讲 的节奏与感染力。
• 以上两例似可分别合并为： • We are met on a great battle-field of that war in order to dedicate a portion of the field as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. • But in a larger sense, we can not dedicate, nor consecrate and nor hallow this ground. • 表达的重点、力量、效果、气势便会大 打折扣。
It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us--that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain-- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom--and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.