名词性从句讲解[1]
高中语法讲解—名词性从句
名词性从句1.从句的分类状语从句（分9种）从句主语从句名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句2.说明：①名词性从句的功能相当于名词，根据其在句中充当的成份，有不同的叫法。
②引导名词性从句的词语主要有：a.从属连词that，无词义，不作句子成分；b.从属连词if，whether（是否）有词义，但不作句子成分；c.从属连词as if（=as though，似乎、好像）有词义，但不作句子成分；d.连接代词who，whoever，what，whatever，whom，whomever，which，whichever，how much，how many有词义，作成分；e.连接副词when，whenever，where，wherever，why，how，however，how often，how soon，how far，how long作句子成分。
③在名词性从句中，要用陈述语序。
【例】1.I don’t kno w where does he live.(false)I don’t know where he lives.(true) 我不知道他住在哪。
2.What life in the future will be like is unknown.(true)What will life in the future be is unknown.(false)④不可用no matter who，no matter what等引导名词性从句，只能引导状语从句。
一、主语从句1.定义：若处在主语的位置上是个句子，那么这个句子就叫做主语从句。
2.注意事项：a.在主语从句中，任何引导词都不可以省去。
【例】That her hair is turning grey worries her.b.在主语从句中，不用if，用whether。
【例】Whether he will come or not is not clear.(true)If he will or not is not clear.(false)c.主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
高考名词性从句最全面的讲解与专练 (1)
高考名词性从句定义：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。
高考对于名词性从句考查主要有以下七个方面：1.名词性从句的语序问题2. 引导词that与what的区别3. it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. whether与if的区别5. 名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题7.易混句型的辨析，比如it作形式主语，主语从句后置的句型与强调句型，与定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。
语法要点一、名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if, as if；that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，只起连接作用，有时可省略。
if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分；连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which，whichever. 连接副词：when, where, how, why有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词I can judge by what (=the things that)I know of him.She walked up to where he stood.2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词。
That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.比较： Whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。
名词性从句ppt课件
.whether 与if 引导宾语从句有时可以换用，但哪些情况只能用whether？
介词后的宾从. Whether or not的宾从. 复合不定式只能用whether. 习惯上作discuss的宾从只用whether. 但: 宾语从句否定时常用if引导. 引导主语从句并置于句首时只用whether 引导表语从句只用whether 引导同位语从句时只用whether
名词性从句
点击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，请言简意赅的阐述您的观点。
By the end of the class , the Ss will grasp: The definition and types of the Noun Clauses Usages of the connectives(连接词） 1. that 与 what 2. if 与 whether 3. who 与 whoever 4.what 与 whatever
代词
主
表
宾
同位
what
whatever
whom
whose
which
whoever
whichever
whomever
when
why
where
how
that
whether
if
as if
as though
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
I. 名词性从句的种类
1.When we will start is not clear. 2.Mrs Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief. 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 4.I had no idea that you were her friend.
名词性从句-完整版PPT课件精选全文
3. 连接副词：when(＝the time when什么时候，何时)，where(＝the place where什么地方，何地)，how(＝the way that/in which怎样， 以……方式，如何)，why＝the reason why为什么)。它们除起连 接作用，还在从句中作状语。
3) wh类连接词引导的主语从句： wh类连接词包括wh类的连接代词(who, whom,
whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever等)和连接副词(when,
where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 等)。what, when和wh-ever类的词有时可不表 疑问。wh类连接代词在句中既起连接作用， 又可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。 wh类连接副词在句中起连接作用，在从句中 可充当时间、地点、原因、方式状语。
【温馨提示】 ①whether/ if引导宾语从句表示“是否”
的意思时，一般情况下可互换。 ②if引导宾语从句时可以有否定式，而
whether从句则没有。 e.g. I don’t care if he doesn’t come.
5) 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句： 由who, what, how, which, whose, where, why等词引导的宾语从句，可作动词、 介词及形容词的宾语。
【温馨提示】 doubt, doubtful与sure后名词性从句连接词 that, whether, if的选择。 ①当doubt, doubtful用于肯定句时，后面的名
词性从句的连接词常用whether或if；当 doubt, doubtful用于否定句或疑问句时，后 面名词性从句的连接词用that。
高中名词性从句详细讲解+例句
名词性从句I. !"#$%&一、定义名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。
它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语，分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
二、分类&表语从句1) That is(系动词) a book.S + P 表语2) The fact is(系动词)that he has lied to usS + P 表语从句&宾语从句1) He said(vt) nothing at the meeting.S + P 宾语2) He said (vt) (that) he would help us without hesitation.S + P 宾语从句3) He is interested in (prep) what we want for breakfast.S + P 宾语从句&主语从句1) His mistakes made his teacher angry.主语+ P2) That he made so many mistakes made his teacher angry.主语从句P3)What he said made his teacher angry.主语从句P&同位语从句1) You can turn to my friend Tom for help.S + P 同位语2) The announcement that a new airport was to be built nearby made us excited.S 同位语从句+ P3) We heard the news that the war had broken out between America and Iraq.S + P 同位语从句三、引导词名称引导词在从句中担任成分连接词that, whether, if 不作成分连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, which, whichever 主语、宾语、表语、定语连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 状语例如：a. He said that he would come.b. Whether he can pass the exam is not certain.c. He agrees with what I said.d. He agrees with what was said.e. I don’t know what present I should buy.f. That is where Tom used to live.g. That’s why he left.四、名词性从句语序名词性从句用陈述句语序。
名词性从句讲解(1) (1)(1)(1)
四、引导词
1.从属连词 ：that、if、whether 无意义
不作成分
“是否” 2. 连接代词 ：who、whom 、what 、 which 、whose 作主/宾/表/定 语 3. 连接副词： when、 where、why、how
作状语
if \ whether
只用whether不用if 的情况：
We now know that you don’t like him.(宾从） That is why you don’t like him. (表从）
That you don’t like him makes him heartbroken .
(主从）
a womanly man
The fact that you don’t like him makes him heartbroken. (同从）
• 我们觉得奇怪她昨天没来参加会议。 What he said • 18. ________________was true. 他所讲的是事 实。
1. What I want to do is taking a bath. (主从) 2. The news that they won the game spread the whole school. (同从) 3. I don’t think (that) he is an honest boy.(宾从) 4. The fact is that he stole the car. (表从) 5. It is said that they won the game. (主从)
在动词或介词后 2.宾语从句的位置：
做形式宾语时放在名词、形容词后
例句：
1. I don’t know what you mean by sending me the flowers. 2. It depends on whether we will have enough money. 3. We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
名词性从句语法讲解课件
that在主语从句中不充当任何成分， 仅起连接作用；what、who、which 等引导词则需要在主语从句中充当相 应的成分。
主语从句的句型结构
主语从句的句型结构通常为“引导词+主语+谓语”，其中引导词是主语从句的开头， 主语是句子中的主要内容，谓语则用来表达主语的动作或状态。
例如：“What he said is not important.”（他所说的是不重要的。）这个句子中， “What he said”就是主语从句，“is”是谓语，“not important”是表语。
03 表语从句
表语从句的定义
表语从句是名词性从句的一种， 用作句子的表语成分，表示主 语的性质、状态或身份等。
表语从句的时态和主句时态保持一致，如果主句时态是现在时，则表语 从句时态也应该是现在时。如果主句时态是过去时，则表语从句时态也 应该是过去时。
04 宾语从句
宾语从句的定义
宾语从句是句子在复 合句中充当宾语成分 的句子。
宾语从句在句子中充 当宾语，对主句起到 补充说明的作用。
宾语从句可以由疑问 代词、疑问副词、陈 述代词或陈述副词引 导。
名词性从句的作用
01
02
03
表达意义
名词性从句能够完整地表 达一个概念或信息，使复 合句意义更加丰富。
补充说明
名词性从句可以用来补充 说明主句中的某个名词或 代词，提供更多细节。
强调重点
名词性从句可以用来强调 某个概念或信息的重要性， 突出主题。
名词性从句的引导词
陈述句引导词
01
that、what、which、who/whom等。
名词性从句讲解(共30张PPT)
I don’t like his job. I don’t like what he does every day.
I don’t know about the man, Mr. White. I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher.
主语
表语
4. This is what he does every day.
主语
表语
5. I don’t like what he does every day. 动词宾语
主语
宾语
英语句子的种类
简单句 (simple sentence) 并列句 (compound sentence) 复合句 (complex sentence)
❖Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better. ❖She says (that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting next Sunday. ❖Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.
引导词
连词 that, whether, if
疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whatever等
疑问副词 when, where, why, how等
Object Clause 宾语从句
1. I know him . （简单句）
主语 谓语 宾语
think, find, consider, believe, feel, make
高考英语名词性从句讲解(最全版) (1)
判断从句的方法：
一 找引导词划从句
二 找谓语动词
三 看从句在主句的位置
16
请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句
5. The problem is what we should do next.
(表语从句)
6. The news that he couldn’t come makes
us upset.
(同位语从句)
8
3. We love peace.
(名词作宾语)
4. He said that he has known all before.
(从句作宾语)
2. 在句中充当及物动词或介词或be+adj.后宾 语的从句叫做宾语从句。
9
We always mean what we say.我们向来说话算数。
作动词的宾语
7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way. 22
引导词
从属连词（3个）：that 、if、 whether
连接代词 （9个）：who、 whom 、 what、 which、 whose、 whoever whomever、 whatever、 whichever、
14
名词性从句
主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句
在英语的句子结构中，如果本该由名词充当的主语、
宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当，那么这 个句子就叫_名__词__性__从__句_。
15
请判断出下列的句子属于哪种从句： (主语从句)
1.What I _w___a_n__t_ to do i_s to go shopping.
e.g. 1)Dad made a promise that he would buy me
英语名词性从句讲解【完整版】
2、I asked him if he could do me a favor .
If与whether的区别：
1、If不能引导放于句首的主语从句，而whether可以。 2、引导表语从句用whether，不用if。 3、引导同位语从句用whether，不用if。 4、whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，不用if 。 5、whether or not 连在一起可以，但if不可以。而 “whether-----or not = if -----or not”
同位语从句：
定义：在复合句中充当同位语的句子。 同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明，被解释说明的词和 同位语在逻辑上是主表关系。 同位语常见名词：fact, suggestion, advice, idea, decision, news, thought, hope, belief, truth, doubt, promise, possibility, truth, warning, message, reason, report, question，explanation, wish, problem等。 常见的连接词：that, whether, what, who, how, when, where等。 用法： The thought that I want to buy my mother a birthday gift makes me excited.that 引导的同位语从句，解释说明 thought，从句不缺成 分 There is some doubt whether he will come. whether 引导同位语从句，if 不能引导同位语从句 we haven’t made the decision where we are going to spend our vacation. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟解释说明的名词后面。 The news is surprising that he won the match.
名词性从句讲解课件
02 功能
用于引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位 语从句。
03 例子
The news that he passed the exam was unexpected.（他通过考试的消息是出人意料 的。）
whether的用法
01
02
03
定义
whether用作引导词，在 名词性从句中充当成分， 表示“是否”。
功能
用于引导主语从句、宾语 从句、表语从句和同位语 从句。
例子
I don't know whether he will come or not. （我不知道他是否会来。）
who/whom/whose的用法
定义
who/whom/whose用作 引导词，在名词性从句中 充当成分，表示“谁”。
as引导的让步状语从句
总结词
表示转折关系
详细描述
as可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管、虽然”的意思。这种从句通常出现在主句之前，用于 强调从句中的内容。
than引导的比较状语从句
总结词
表示比较关系
详细描述
than可以引导比较状语从句，表示“比...更...”的意思。这种从句通常出现在主 句之后，用于强调两者之间的差异或优劣。
被动语态
表示主语是动作的接受者。例如：“It was said that the book would be published next year.”
时态与语态的结合使用
现在进行时的被动语态
表示正在被进行的动作或存在的状态。例如： “We are being told that the game is about to start.”
高一英语名词性从句讲解 (1)
名词性从句1. 种类2.宾语从句的时态。
3. that什么情况下能够省略，什么情况下不能够省略。
4. whether 和if 什么时候能够互换，什么时候不能够互换。
5. 如何区分同位语从句与定语从句。
完成以下题目，并分别指出它们是什么从句1.______ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.A. ThatB. WhatC. WhyD. If2. I wonder ______ you will go shopping or stay at home.A. thatB. ifC. whetherD. what3. This is ______ he was often late for school.A. whatB. thatC. whyD. whether4. We all know the truth ______ the earth ______ around the sun.A. if; movedB. that; movesC. why; moveD. whether; move一．名词性从句的概念：一个句子在连接词的引导下，在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。
二．名词性从句的功能：相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。
His job is important. (主语)What he does is important. (主语)This is his job. (表语)This is what he does every day. (表语)I don’t like his job. (宾语)I don’t like what he does every day. (宾语)I don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher. (同位语)I don’t know about the man, Mr. White. (同位语)得出结论：所以根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句
名词性从句（知识讲解）名词性从句是相当于名词的句子在句中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语, 因此分别称为语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
一、主语从句（一）引导主语从句的关联词有四类:1. that引导，that 不充当句子成分,没有词汇意义,在句首不省略That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.从她们相似的面容可以清楚地看出她们实际上是姐妹。
2. wheth er “是否”引导Whether he will come here is not clear.他是否会来还不清楚。
3.疑问词引导，有词义并在句子充当成分（1）疑问代词：what, which, who, whom, whoseWho will give the speech is not known yet. 谁要发言还不知道。
Who/Whom the prize will be given to is not decided yet. 奖要发给谁还不一定。
Whose room it is is not clear. 这是谁的房间还不清楚。
What he said at the meeting is not known yet. 他在会议上讲的什么还不知道。
Which (one) you like has nothing to do with me. 你喜欢哪个与我无关。
（2）疑问副词where, when, how, why，how many/much/old/long/far/often….Where the meeting will be held depends on the weather. 在哪里举行会议取决于天气。
When they are leaving is being discussed. 他们什么时候走还正在讨论。
名词性从句讲解(一)
1. 确定名词性从句
2. 根据句意，看从句需要用什么句型
3. 根据所需句型，确定引导词
需要陈述句时，注意that和whether/if的区别
需要疑问句时，注意用陈述语序
1. A：你知道他住在哪吗？ B： 我想他住在北京
His job is important.
What he does is important.
主语从句
This is his job.
This is what he does every day. 宾语从句 I don’t like his job. his job. I don’t like what he does every day. 表语从句 what he does every day. The boy, our monitor, made us surprised. The fact that he tells lies all the time makes us surprised.
注意事项： 一、 whether和if的区别 1. if只引导动词后的宾语从句，不引导介词后的宾语从句
2. whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.
3. whether to do 做动词宾语, 不用if to do.
1. I asked her ___________ she had a bike. if / 二、用陈述语序 whether 2. We’re worried about ________ he is safe. whether 3. ________ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow Whether depends on the weather. 4. The question is _________ he should do it. whether 5. I don’t know __________ he is well or not. whether 6. I don’t know _________ to go. whether
高考英语名词性从句讲解(最全版)(1)
主语从句
4、I knew the news that our team won the match.
宾语从句
5、His suggestion is that we should finish the work at once. 表语从句
“whether”---“是否”、不作成份、起连接作用
1、Whether she will come back on time depends on weather（主语从句） . 2、The problem is whether you could give us some
名词性从句引导词的用法（3）：
“whoever”-- “-----的任何人”、作主语、 “whomever”-- “-----的任何人”、作宾语、 “whatever”-- “----的任何东西”、作主表宾语、 “whichever”--- “无论哪个或哪些---”、作定语、
连接代词
“whoever”-- “---的任何人”、作主语、起连接作用
引导词
名词性从句引导词的用法（1）：
从句中的每一个引导词都有3个功能，分别如下:
“that”---无词义、不作成份、起连接作用
从属连词
“if”--- “是否”、不作成份、起连接作用
“whether”---“是否”、不作成份、起连接作 用
“that”---无词义、不作成份、起连接作用
1、That we will realize our dreams in the future is
valuable advice（表语从句） .
3、I asked him whether he could do me a favor . 4、Could you tell me the question whether English is useful for us now. （同位语从句）
名词性从句讲解课件
特点
which在从句中担任成分 ，通常表示“哪个”、“ 哪些”。
例子
I don't know which book you like best. (我 用法
定义
例子
whose是一个限定词，用于引导名词 性从句，表示某个对象的所属关系。
I don't know whose book this is. ( 我不知道这是谁的书。)
分类
01
02
03
04
主语从句
在句子中充当主语的名词性从 句，通常放在句子的开头。
宾语从句
在句子中充当宾语的名词性从 句，通常放在动词或介词之后
。
表语从句
在句子中充当表语的名词性从 句，通常放在系动词之后。
同位语从句
在句子中充当同位语的名词性 从句，通常放在名词之后，对
名词进行补充说明。
02 名词性从句的引导词
总结词
在名词性从句中，从句与主句的逻辑关系经常处理不当。
详细描述
应仔细分析从句与主句之间的逻辑关系，确保从句的内容与 主句的内容相符合，避免出现逻辑上的矛盾或混乱。
感谢您的观看
THANKS
定义
why是一个副词，用于引导名词性从句，表示某 个原因或动机。
特点
why在从句中担任成分，通常表示“为什么”、 “因为什么”。
3
例子
I don't know why he left early. (我不知道他为 什么提前离开了。)
03 名词性从句的时态和语态
时态：现在时、过去时、将来时
现在时
表示现在或将来某个时间点发生的动作或存在的 状态。
强调句型
总结词
突出强调某个成分
名词性从句讲解
Predicative clause
Object clause
P9 :Underline all the noun clauses you can find.
Figure out he function of “ it” It is reported that he wanted to have a rest. It is necessary that you should work hard. We made it clear that everyone should do their homework every day. We all thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.
3.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.
4. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark co名词性从句中使用陈述句语序
他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。 How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )
你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？ Could you tell me where he lives? ( ) Could you tell me where does he live? ( )
A
C
C
B
subject clause
object clause
Predicative clause
名词性从句讲解
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功同名词一样。
一．主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。
被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。
例如：It is a p ity that you didn’t go to see the film.It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window.2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is ＋名词＋从句It is a fact that … 事实是…It is an honor th at …非常荣幸It is common knowledge that …是常识(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句It is natural that… 很自然…It is strange that… 奇怪的是…(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句It seems that… 似乎…It happened that… 碰巧…(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句It is reported that… 据报道…It has been proved that… 已证实…3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。
例如：It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。
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➢ ②宾语从句几种情况中that不能省略： ➢ （A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词
语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省 略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列 作宾语时，that不能省； ➢ （C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：
The road is covered with snow. I can’t understand they insist on going by motorbike. (2004全国)
A. why B. whether
C. when D. how
宾语从句的语序问题。 As soon as he comes back , that Jackie Chen told us is that he would direct a new film.
（定 从 和 表从）
名词性从句的解题技巧
1、理解名词性从句的引导词。名词 性从句的引导词除了that以外都有 意义。 if, whether, who, whose, when, where, how, why等。
tell him when ____ and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come
二、表语从句
1.You’re saying that everyone should be equal, and this
is I disagree.（2004全国）
A. where B. why C. what D. how
2. See the flags on top of the building? That was we did this morning.（2006全国）
A. when B. which C. where D. what
宾语从句
名词性从句
表语 从句 主语从句
同位语从句
1. What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.
（主从） 2. They are careful about what they
eat and exercise regularly. （宾从） 3. The fact that she won the
2、分析句子成份。
宾语从句
1、宾语从句中缺主语和宾语成分， 考察what.
2、宾语从句的引导词还可有if, whether, who, whose, when, where, how, why等。
3、宾语从句的语序问题。
一、宾语从句 宾语从句中缺成分，考察what.
---What did your parents think about your decision? ---They always let me do I think I should.(2006全国)
名词性从句中连接词的运用 ➢ （1）that的用法。 ➢ ①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但
不能省略。如：
➢ That they are good at English is known to us all.
➢ The problem is that we don’t have enough money.
三、主语从句
_____ makes this shop different is
that it offers more personal services. （2006辽宁）
A. What
B. Who
C. Whatever D. Whoever
四、同位语从句
A warm thought suddenly came to me ______ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother. （2006安徽）
The poor young man is ready to accept help he can get. (2005 全国)
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whenever
宾语从句的引导词还可有if, whether, who, whose, when, where, how, why等。
A. if B. when C. that D. which
---You mean I can read any book in your study?
---Yes, ____ interests you. A: Whichever B. whatever C. Whoever D. wherever
A. when B. that C. how D. what
It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants. (2004全国)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whoever
（宾从）
6. The discussion topic for today is what school will be like in the future.
(表从）
7. The news that Jackie Chen will come to Xinjiang is widely spread.
competition was known to all. （同位从）
4. The schools of the futures will probably be different from what they are today.
（宾从） 5. We cannot be sure whether our dreams will come true, but we can at least be hopeful that...